IN-GROUPS VS. OUT-GROUPS

REASONS FOR RIVALRIES

Geographic Proximity

Frequent Meetings in Important Games

Events that Increased tension between groups

Pre-existing Social and Political Tensions

10 Great Sporting Rivalries

FOOTBALL: FSU VS. UF

Two Oldest Public Universities in Florida

One or both of them often highly ranked

(1994) Choke at Doak Game 28 Points from FSU in the

last quarter to tie game 31-31

The Comeback - FSU vs. UF

FEEDING AN OLD RIVALRYAUBURN VS. ALABAMA

Roll Tide/War Eagle

The Iron Bowl Alabama vs. Auburn 1893 SEC Division

Rivalries and In-Group Bias.

CASE STUDY: BARCELONA – REAL MADRID

Barcelona - Real Madrid Why could this rivalry be

considered more than just a soccer match? Provide details from the video.

How has the rivalry changed over time?

CASE STUDY: AC MILAN VS. INTER MILAN

Italian Derby

Inter first allowed players from other countries to play when AC Milan wouldn’t

Differences have dissipated since their first match in 1908, but tension remains.

CASE STUDY: THE OLD FIRMCELTIC F.C. VS. RANGERS F.C.

Celtic vs. Rangers - More than a Game

Location: Glasgow, Scotland

Roots of Conflict National Identity: Native

Scots (Rangers) – Scots Irish (Celtic)

Religious Affiliation: Protestants (Rangers) – Catholics (Celtic)

Video: The Football Wars

CASE STUDY: ALI VS. FRAZIER

(1971)“Fight of the Century” Both undefeated Extension of tension in the

country Ali came to represent the

movement against Vietnam. Frazier became symbol for conservative America

Frazier won. (1974) Rematch: Ali won. (1975) Final Fight: Ali won in

the Philippines

Frazier vs. Ali - Rivals

CASE STUDY: MIRACLE ON ICE

Sport: Hockey U.S vs. Soviet Union Key Match: 1980 Winter

Olympic Games Semifinal

Importance: Cold War Era Competition between

countries. U.S as the underdog

story. Miracle On Ice

CASE STUDY: INDIA VS. PAKISTANSPORTS AS A MICROCOSM OF THE

WORLD India-Pakistan Conflict

Fight over region of Kashmir.

Both countries have nuclear weapons

Conflict Analysis - India vs. Pakistan

Tension in the India/Pakistan border

Tension rises in the Border

Rivalry in Sports How do people live the

rivalry?

GROUP BEHAVIOR AFFECTS CONFLICT:CONFORMITY TO OUR GROUP

Important Studies: Solomon Asch

Group Pressure

Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority

Irving Janis Groupthink: the tendency

of group members to conform by adopting a narrow view of some issue.

How are group pressure, obedience to authority and groupthink part of our allegiance as fans to a team?

. 

ASCH EXPERIMENT

65% of subjects administered what they thought was lethal voltage on the shock machine.Milgram described the dilemma as a conflict between conscience and authority.

GROUPTHINK

I THINK, YOU THINK, WE THINKGROUPTHINK

•Groupthink: the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an incorrect or deviant decision-making outcome. Characteristics of groupthink include: Illusion of invulnerability Collective rationalization Belief in inherent morality Stereotyped views of out-groups Direct pressure on dissenters Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity Self-appointed mindguards

GROUPTHINK: ILLUSION OF INVULNERABILITY

Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks.

GROUPTHINK: COLLECTIVE RATIONALIZATION

Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions.

GROUPTHINK: BELIEF IN INHERENT MORALITY

Belief that whatever the group does it will be right as they all know the difference between right and wrong.

Tendency to overlook the consequences of what they decide.

Are we born good people or is morality taught?

GROUPTHINK: STEREOTYPED VIEWS OF OUT-GROUPS

Negative views of those who are different creates conflict.

Question: Are we born to hate or are we taught to hate?

GROUPTHINK: DIRECT PRESSURE ON DISSENTERS

Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group’s views.

GROUPTHINK: SELF-CENSORSHIP

Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed

Why could self-censorship be problematic on the long run?

GROUPTHINK: ILLUSION OF UNANIMITY

The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous.

GROUPTHINK: SELF-APPOINTED MINDGUARDS

Member of a group who serves as an informational filter, providing limited information to the group and, consciously or subconsciously, utilizing a variety of strategies to control dissent

IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS“We all see only that which we are trained to see.” 

IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS

Social Identity

Social categorization divide world into in-group (“us”) and out-group (“them”)

IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS

Sport rivalries feed on the distinctions between in-groups and out-groups. So do other conflicts.

An in-group is a social group commanding a member’s esteem and loyalty; it is the one we identify with.

An out-group is a social group toward which one feels competition or opposition.

In-group bias: view our own group more favorably

JANE ELLIOTT'S "BLUE EYES/BROWN EYES“IN-GROUPS VS. OUT-GROUPS

3rd Grade Teacher Jane Elliott Experiment conducted on the days after Martin Luther

King assassination (1968) Wanted to explain discrimination to 8 year olds. Experiment deals with stereotypes, prejudice,

discrimination, and the creation of in-group bias.

GLOSSARY Stereotypes - beliefs about attributes that are thought to be

characteristic of members of particular groups. A mental image or judgment of a group based on opinion without regard to individual differences. They can be either positive or negative.ex. Women are nurturing, car salesmen are dishonest

Prejudice - A negative judgment or opinion formed about a group without knowledge of the facts.

Discrimination - Treating someone less favorably based on the group, class or category they belong to. Discrimination is prejudice in action.

JANE ELLIOTT'S "BLUE EYES/BROWN EYES“IN-GROUPS VS. OUT-GROUPS

1) What did you learn? Did any part of the film surprise you? What scene or scenes do you think you'll still remember a month from now and why those scenes?

2) How was the exercise that Elliott designed a response to the children's question, "Why would anyone want to murder Martin Luther King?" Did the film provide an answer to the question? Can you answer the question?

3) What features did Elliott ascribe to the superior and inferior groups and how did those characteristics reflect stereotypes about blacks and whites?

4) What did the children's body language indicate about the impact of discrimination?

5) How did the negative and positive labels placed on a group become self-fulfilling prophecies?

JANE ELLIOTT'S "BLUE EYES/BROWN EYES“IN-GROUPS VS. OUT-GROUPS

6) How are the results of the experiment different when it is done with adults?

7) In the prison seminar, one of the white women asserts that all people face some kind of discrimination. Another woman challenges her, claiming that whites can't really know what it's like to face discrimination every minute of every day. What do you think?

8) It's easy to understand why third-graders might not refuse to obey their teacher, but when the exercise is done with the prison guards, why don't any of the adults object?

JANE ELLIOTT’S DIVERSITY TRAINING

Diversity Training