In-Class 1. What unit do you measure each of the following in: a. A can of soda b. A carton of milk c. Human weight d. Human height e. A roadway f. Weight of a car g. Flour used in a cake recipe Measurements Main Themes of Biology WHAT DO YOU THINK THAT THEY ARE? 4 Main Themes of Biology 1. The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life 2. Biological systems utilize free energy to grow, reproduce, and maintain life functions 3. Living systems store and transmit information essential to life processes 4. Biological systems interact with each other, and those interactions possess complex properties. Quantitative Research Gives numerical data Used to make graphs, charts, and tables Ex: Growth rates of a species of salmon SI Units and Measurements In the US: pounds, inches, feet, miles, gallons, etc. Worldwide, these are not used. The system used is called the: International System of Measurement. What advantage does this give the scientific community? Why dont we use it? SI Units The SI units for the following are: Length Mass Volume Time Temperature Meter (m) Gram (g) Liter (L) Second (s) Celsius (C) Conversions Prefixes (going up):Abbreviations Deca = 10da Hecto = 100h Kilo = 1000k Prefixes (going down): Deci = 0.1d Centi = 0.01c Milli = 0.001m Ex: centimeters = cm, kilometers = km Decimal place movement in conversions ___|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|_______|__ k h da BASE d c m UNIT Going Move decimal point to the right Number gets LARGER Ex: 0.1 L = 100 mL = moves right 3 times Going Move decimal point to the left Number gets SMALLER Ex: 10.0 g = 0.01 kg = moves left 3 times Conversion practice 1m = ? km 115cm = ? m 1001mL = ? L 0.15hg = ? g 1.25dam = ? cm Height Example How tall do you think that the average human is: in feet/inches, meters, and centimeters? Feet/Inches: ~50 510 Meters: ~1.6m 1.9m Centimeters: 160cm 190cm Qualitative Research Gives descriptions Observational data, such as the color of a liquid Not everything can be measured in numbers When each is useful Think of and explain examples of when qualitative research would be useful and examples of when quantitative research would be more useful. Quantitative or Qualitative? 1. The emperor tamarin has what looks like a mustache that extends far beyond its face to the left and the right. This is seen in both males and in females. 2. Falling from 100 meters off a building has shown that the object takes approximately 4.52 seconds when taking normal gravitational numbers into account. 3. Chameleons and snakes both have no inner ear drum but they are not deaf. They can hear sounds at approximately 200 to 600 Hz as compared to humans that can hear between 20 and 20,000 Hz. 4. It is noticeable that some insects are differently colored even within their own species. Butterflies can be very differently colored to blend in with their surroundings or for another helpful purpose. 5. It is directly observable that cats have better hearing than dogs, going up to 64kHz and even up to 79kHz, with at least 1 octave above dogs and 1.6 octaves above humans. Maximum hearing range - Humans: 20kHz, Cats: 79kHz, Dogs: 60kHz, and Bats: 90kHz Fill in the graph with bars HumansCatsDogs Bats Type of animal Hearing RangeHearing Range (kHz) Tools and Technology Science has a lot of technology that has helped it advance. Name some of them.