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59
IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture 18 December, 2016 Trilochan Mohapatra Indian Council of Agricultural Research Climate Resilience in Indian Agriculture

Transcript of IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal...

Page 1: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture18 December 2016

Trilochan MohapatraIndian Council of Agricultural Research

Climate Resilience in Indian Agriculture

176 of the worldrsquos human amp 15 livestock population and counting

42 of the worldrsquos water

24 of the worldrsquos area

142 m ha cultivated amp 6326 m ha net irrigated

138 cropping intensity

52 of population earns livelihood from agriculture

141 contribution to GDP

115 earning of total exports

India Today

Total Land 3287 mha

Forest Area 70 mha

Misc Tree Crops 335 mha

Agricultural Land 18246 mha

Degraded land 593 mha

World India

Cereals 25277 23676

Rice 4901 10432

Wheat 7341 9350

Coarse Grains

13036 3794

Maize 8892 2181

Oilseed 548 253

Sugar 17235 255

Meat 3196 62

Milk 8028 1600

Fish 1710 958

Exports Rice 10 mmt Wheat 2 mmt Sugar 2 mmt Cotton 22 mmt Fish 08 mmt

Indiarsquos Food Basket

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

19

94

-95

19

98

-99

20

03

-04

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

20

15

-16

Quantity Exported (in quintals)

Forex Earning (in Rs Crores)

Basmati Export 44 mt (2015-16)Total Export 11 MT Rs 43000 Cr

bull Volume increased to ~4 mtbull Earning declined primarily

because of competitive international market as there is no minimum export price

bull No MSP for Basmati

Increase in Production

Food grains 5 X of 1950s

Milk 85 X

Eggs 43 X

Fish 13 X

Horticultural Crops 3 X of 1990s

Demand is driven by population growth and land availability

1960

2 people

2005

gt4 people

People fed per

hectare(247 acres = 1 hectare)

2030

gt5 people

195025 billion

200565 billion

2030 gt8 billion

World Population

Feeding the Billions Foreverhellip

bull By 2050World population grows to 92 billion = growth of 37

bull Food production must increase by more than 70 and be sustainable

A Growing World

Small Farmers The Core of Indian Agriculture

85

45

14

44

1 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Holdings Area

Holdings amp operated area

Small

Medium

large

More From Less For More

Starch to Protein to Health Foods

Climate change

Increased cost of production

Stress Agriculture Secondary Agriculture Specialty Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-Environment-Employment

One Health (Soil-Plant-Animal-Man)

Shortage of Labour

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Trade Market and Price

Context and Concerns

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 2: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

176 of the worldrsquos human amp 15 livestock population and counting

42 of the worldrsquos water

24 of the worldrsquos area

142 m ha cultivated amp 6326 m ha net irrigated

138 cropping intensity

52 of population earns livelihood from agriculture

141 contribution to GDP

115 earning of total exports

India Today

Total Land 3287 mha

Forest Area 70 mha

Misc Tree Crops 335 mha

Agricultural Land 18246 mha

Degraded land 593 mha

World India

Cereals 25277 23676

Rice 4901 10432

Wheat 7341 9350

Coarse Grains

13036 3794

Maize 8892 2181

Oilseed 548 253

Sugar 17235 255

Meat 3196 62

Milk 8028 1600

Fish 1710 958

Exports Rice 10 mmt Wheat 2 mmt Sugar 2 mmt Cotton 22 mmt Fish 08 mmt

Indiarsquos Food Basket

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

19

94

-95

19

98

-99

20

03

-04

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

20

15

-16

Quantity Exported (in quintals)

Forex Earning (in Rs Crores)

Basmati Export 44 mt (2015-16)Total Export 11 MT Rs 43000 Cr

bull Volume increased to ~4 mtbull Earning declined primarily

because of competitive international market as there is no minimum export price

bull No MSP for Basmati

Increase in Production

Food grains 5 X of 1950s

Milk 85 X

Eggs 43 X

Fish 13 X

Horticultural Crops 3 X of 1990s

Demand is driven by population growth and land availability

1960

2 people

2005

gt4 people

People fed per

hectare(247 acres = 1 hectare)

2030

gt5 people

195025 billion

200565 billion

2030 gt8 billion

World Population

Feeding the Billions Foreverhellip

bull By 2050World population grows to 92 billion = growth of 37

bull Food production must increase by more than 70 and be sustainable

A Growing World

Small Farmers The Core of Indian Agriculture

85

45

14

44

1 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Holdings Area

Holdings amp operated area

Small

Medium

large

More From Less For More

Starch to Protein to Health Foods

Climate change

Increased cost of production

Stress Agriculture Secondary Agriculture Specialty Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-Environment-Employment

One Health (Soil-Plant-Animal-Man)

Shortage of Labour

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Trade Market and Price

Context and Concerns

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 3: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

World India

Cereals 25277 23676

Rice 4901 10432

Wheat 7341 9350

Coarse Grains

13036 3794

Maize 8892 2181

Oilseed 548 253

Sugar 17235 255

Meat 3196 62

Milk 8028 1600

Fish 1710 958

Exports Rice 10 mmt Wheat 2 mmt Sugar 2 mmt Cotton 22 mmt Fish 08 mmt

Indiarsquos Food Basket

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

19

94

-95

19

98

-99

20

03

-04

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

20

15

-16

Quantity Exported (in quintals)

Forex Earning (in Rs Crores)

Basmati Export 44 mt (2015-16)Total Export 11 MT Rs 43000 Cr

bull Volume increased to ~4 mtbull Earning declined primarily

because of competitive international market as there is no minimum export price

bull No MSP for Basmati

Increase in Production

Food grains 5 X of 1950s

Milk 85 X

Eggs 43 X

Fish 13 X

Horticultural Crops 3 X of 1990s

Demand is driven by population growth and land availability

1960

2 people

2005

gt4 people

People fed per

hectare(247 acres = 1 hectare)

2030

gt5 people

195025 billion

200565 billion

2030 gt8 billion

World Population

Feeding the Billions Foreverhellip

bull By 2050World population grows to 92 billion = growth of 37

bull Food production must increase by more than 70 and be sustainable

A Growing World

Small Farmers The Core of Indian Agriculture

85

45

14

44

1 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Holdings Area

Holdings amp operated area

Small

Medium

large

More From Less For More

Starch to Protein to Health Foods

Climate change

Increased cost of production

Stress Agriculture Secondary Agriculture Specialty Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-Environment-Employment

One Health (Soil-Plant-Animal-Man)

Shortage of Labour

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Trade Market and Price

Context and Concerns

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 4: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Demand is driven by population growth and land availability

1960

2 people

2005

gt4 people

People fed per

hectare(247 acres = 1 hectare)

2030

gt5 people

195025 billion

200565 billion

2030 gt8 billion

World Population

Feeding the Billions Foreverhellip

bull By 2050World population grows to 92 billion = growth of 37

bull Food production must increase by more than 70 and be sustainable

A Growing World

Small Farmers The Core of Indian Agriculture

85

45

14

44

1 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Holdings Area

Holdings amp operated area

Small

Medium

large

More From Less For More

Starch to Protein to Health Foods

Climate change

Increased cost of production

Stress Agriculture Secondary Agriculture Specialty Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-Environment-Employment

One Health (Soil-Plant-Animal-Man)

Shortage of Labour

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Trade Market and Price

Context and Concerns

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 5: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Small Farmers The Core of Indian Agriculture

85

45

14

44

1 11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Holdings Area

Holdings amp operated area

Small

Medium

large

More From Less For More

Starch to Protein to Health Foods

Climate change

Increased cost of production

Stress Agriculture Secondary Agriculture Specialty Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health-Environment-Employment

One Health (Soil-Plant-Animal-Man)

Shortage of Labour

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Trade Market and Price

Context and Concerns

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 6: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

World Map of the Global Climate Risk Index 2015

Climate impacts on food security

Average decline in yields of 8 major crops across Africa and South Asia

Marine fisheries to be affected

Increased fisheries yield in higher latitudes

Losses due to extreme

climatological events

USD 114 billion

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 7: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Covers 60 ( 80 m ha) of the net sown area

Contributes to gt40 of the food grain production

87 coarse cereals 85 pulses 72 oilseeds 64 cotton and 46 rice

Supports more than 60 of the livestock population

Dominated by resource poor small and marginal farmers

Climate Change and Indian Agriculture

Large country with diverse climate (15 ACZs)

Diverse seasons crops and farming systems

High monsoon dependency

Close link between climate and water resources

Two thirds area rain dependent

Small holders poor coping mechanisms and low penetration of risk management products

Rainfed AgricultureMonsoon Dependent

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 8: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Global Focus on Agriculture

Feeding the Crores Foreverhellip

Where are the hungry

Food Security Risk Index 2015

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 9: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Sustainability is the Goal hellip

bull sustainable agriculture is the production of food fiber or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment public health human communities and animal welfare

an integrated system of plant and animal

production practices having a site-specific

application that will last over the long term

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 10: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Sustainable Food Systems

A Healthy Sustainable Food System focuses on

Local seasonal Foods

Health of the Population

Building Communities

Local Economic Development

Supporting Local Producers Processors Distributors and Retailers

Linking Food Security with Nutritional Security

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 11: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

How can we make it more resilient and sustainable

How climate resilient and sustainable Indian agriculture is

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 12: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Accessions 1891Species 139

Accessions 11650Species 727

Cryo-bank

In vitro GenebankSeed Genebank

Accessions 429110Species 1762

Field GenebankAccessions 51473

Conservation of Plant genetic Resources in India

National Active Germplasm Sites (57)

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 13: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Region (Climatic condition) Crop Varieties

Mid amp high hills (Delayed rains) Buckwheat VL-7 Himgiri

Mid amp high hills (Low rain fall) Grain amaranth Annapurna Durga PRA-1 PRA-2 VL Chua 44

Mid amp high hills (Mixed crops in apple orchards) Chenopodium Him Bhathua

Mid amp lower hills (Sub humidhumid) Rice bean PRR-1 PRR-2 VRB-3 and BRS-1

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH (Humid) Perilla Shillong local and Jayantia local

Mid amp lower hills ndash NEH Marshy land (Humid) Jobrsquos tear Mayun Pollin

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Tumba Mansha Marudhara

Northern plains (AridSemi Arid) Kalingda Gujarat Karingada-1

Peninsular (AridSemi Arid) Grain amaranth Kapilasa Suvarna

Plains NEH Western amp Eastern Ghats (Subhumidhumid )

Winged bean AKWB-1

Screening Agro-biodiversity for Climate Resilience

316 wheat accessions for terminal heat stress

tolerance0

200

400

600

IC536050 IC401940 EC576585 IC252619

Promising bread wheat accessions for THST

Normal Late

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 14: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Donor lines in Crops identified through phenotyping

Crop Institute Type of stress involvedNo of lines

identified

Wheat

IARI

Terminal heat

23

NBPGRCore set -2760 amp

Reference set- 3200

Rice

IARI Drought 30

CRRIDrought 8

Multiple Abiotic Stresses (Flooding Salinity) 4

DRR Heat 5

ICAR-NEHDrought 7

Heat 3

MaizeCRIDA

Drought 5

Heat 6

ICAR-NEH Heat 3

Pigeonpea IIPR

Drought 13

Water logging 5

Frost 5

Tomato

IIHR Drought 5

IIVRDrought 7

Heat 4

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 15: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Swarna Sub 1 the Submergence-tolerant Rice Variety for Eastern India

bull Developed by IRRIbull Released in India by CRRI Cuttackbull Survive full submergence for more than 2

weeksbull 3-35 tha

Sci Rep 2013 3 3315Published online 2013 Nov 22 doi 101038srep03315Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groupsManzoor H Dar Alain de Janvry Kyle Emerick David Raitzer and Elisabeth Sadoulet

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 16: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Water logging tolerance in Pigeonpea based on plant stand

Blackgram Greengram Pigeonpea

Genotype OA Genotype OA Genotype OA

UH-80-30 07 Samrat 065 VKS1124-1 16

IPU-99-123 068 EC-398885 058 VKS1124-2 11

PGRU-95018 072 IPM-02-3 062 Bahar 12

ML 818 068 MAL-13 09

TTB-7 16

JKM-7 14

Water logging tolerant lines in pulses

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 17: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Developing Multiple Stress Tolerance for Climate Resilience and Sustainability

bull Molecular Breedingbull Climate Smart Varieties Productivity Livelihoods

Marker-assisted backcross breeding

4

Genetic Yield Potential Enhancement

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 18: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

12222016

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 19: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture through GM

bull Bt cotton and stress tolerance

bull Targeting two main traits

uptake efficiency

utilization efficiency

bull Low Environmental Footprint

CRISPR-Cas9

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 20: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Evolution of Pathogens under Climate Change

bull Biotic Stress

bull Wheat Blast ndash Transboundary issues

bull Wheat Rust

White Fly in Punjab Cotton 70 affected

Pest Forewarning

SystemClimate change is also putting stem rust resistance due to Sr31 under threat of Ug99 race of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminisf sp tritici

Elevated temperature and CO2 concentration are also posing higher threat perception of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of potato and important diseases of rice namely blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 21: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

IPM for Climate Resilience amp

Sustainability

Acerophagus papayaePseudleptomastix

mexicana Anagyrus loecki

Agri-Intelligence

Real-time Surveillance

Forecasting

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 22: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Livestock for Livelihoods Emphasis on Indigenous Breeds

Indigenous Breed Improvement

Semen Sexing

Infertility Management (Oestrus synchronization)

Fodder Silage Mineral Mix

Small Ruminants (Goat Sheep) Pig amp Poultry

Vertebrate Pest Management Blue bull Boar amp Monkey Menace

Health Management

Tharparkar

Kankrej

Gir

Sahiwal

Red Sindhi

Rathi

Sheep improvement

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 23: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Assessment of Heat Regulation

An infrared thermograph with temperature scale of sahiwalcattle illustrating the insulation breakage from legs at low temperatures

As the temperature increases whole body becomes the hotspot for temperature

Tharparkar maintains the same temperature allover body which is not the case in crossbred

Tharparkar is more adapted to higher temperature than Karan Fries

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 24: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Global gene expression have been done in indigenous cattle (Tharparkar) by using bovinegene chip Microarray( Affymetrix )

460 genes altered during heat stress

Maximum effect of heat stress was observed in the genes related to genomic functionthan any other genes

Gene expression profiling in indigenous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 25: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

0

1

2

3

4

5

Control Antioxidant Climat Ch

Cat

alas

e a

ctiv

ity

(nm

ol

min

ml)

bb

abab

aa

Plasma catalase and SOD activity increased significantly in both the antioxidant supplemented amp

temperature controlled animals

0

001

002

003

004

005

Control Antioxidant Climate chamber

Sup

ero

xid

e d

ism

uta

se

(Um

l)

b

aa

b

ab

P1P2

P3

Antioxidant mixture feeding had positive effect on resilience to stress

by lambs during summer (CSWRI)

Mitigation of Heat and Cold Stress in Small Ruminants

Stressol ndashG an herbal crude powder based tablets to reduce the cold

stress in goats during winter (CIRG)

He

at S

tre

ssC

old

Str

ess

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 26: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

District Level Vulnerability Mapping

Vulnerability mapping done at district level with IPCC protocol of exposure sensitivity and adaptive capacity

District level vulnerability atlas for agriculture

District level sensitivity factors mapped and opportunities for investments on technology and infrastructure provided for adaptation and mitigation

User - NABARD for funding projects under global adaptation fund

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 27: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

NICRA-NMSA Interface Meeting

Temperature and rainfall indices for weather insurance products

Drought Heat submergence stress tolerant varieties

Physiological and molecular basis for heat stress tolerance in indigenous cattle

Adaptation and mitigation technologies with lower GWP identified for major crop production systems

Participatory demonstration of technologies in 100 KVKs across 28 states

Implementation of monsoon action plan

Farmersrsquo risk minimization practice 27 smart technologies for

mainstreaming and up-scaling under NMSA

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture

NICRA-Technology Demonstration Network

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 28: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Climate Vulnerabilities addressed

4 modulesNRM Crops Livestock Fisheries Institutional

NICRA-NMSA Interface

Workshop

151 Climate Resilient Villages Established

Resilient Interventions Adaption towards weather

aberrations In-situ moisture conservation

practices Soil health cards-SSNM Tolerant crops-

varieties breeds fodder Water saving paddy systems Crop residue recycling Community nursery and

planting dates Farm machinery with CHC

Custom hiring of farm machinery (revenue Rs 8 lakhs) Demonstrations in 6803 farmers fields covering 3431 ha 722 training programs organized covering 27887 Smart farmer certificates awarded to 4605 NICRA farmers Identified 27 climate resilient practices for up-scaling under NMSA

Village Carbon Balance GHG Mitigation Potential

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 29: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Resilience Indicators in NICRA Villages

0

20

40

60

NICRA Non-NICRA

Re

silie

nce

sco

re

A more diverse cropping pattern is associated with less decline in farm income (more income resilience) on both per ha and per household basis)

NICRA village did better with

respect to indicators related to

technology adoption and showed better

resilience

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 30: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Custom Hiring Centers (CHC) ndash Spread of the Concept (5 states considering adopting the model under state funding)

Zone-wise Revenue Generation through Custom Hiring Centers

Zone Highestearning

NICRA-KVK (No)

Revenue (Rs)

Average (Rs)

I Faridkot 12 92995- 7749-

II Saran 15 141735- 9449-

III East Tripura 17 112566- 6621-

IV Kushinagar 13 18651- 1434-

V West Godavari 13 196030- 15079-

VI Kutch 7 394968- 56424-

VII Kendrapara 14 94476- 6748-

VIII Namakkal 9 227898- 25322-

Total 100 1279319- 12793-

Custom Hiring Centres for Farm Implements

Revenue generated through CHC of Odisha KVKs Rs114367

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 31: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

NICRACRIDA AICRPDA Research outputsampAgri UniversitiesKVKs

Updating of contingency plans with UniversitiesKVKs

NMSA

Implementationof DCPs

District (with State Government authorities)

TaluqMandal (AICRPDAAICRPAM network)

Villages (through KVKs under NICRA-TDC

District Agriculture Contingency Plans (619 of 651 completed)

Handholding the State Departments for

Climate Resilience

30 Plans for Odisha

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 32: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Climate Change and Agriculture Knowledge Portal

Adaptation mitigation strategies

Climate Change Portal

Agri-Science Tube

Fore-casting tools

AgrometAdvisory

Contingency Strategies

FormGroup

Discussions

Knowledge Resources

Historical lnfo

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 33: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

126 196 66 37107 177 247 317 78 148 218 288 49 119 189 259

d

evia

tion

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

AugustJune 215 dist

July 226 dist

August 124 dist

Sept 115 dist

Oct 179 dist

No of districts under drought

National Agricultural Drought Assessment amp Monitoring System

-027 -026 005 010 020 030 040 050 gt06

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 34: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

DSS 4 Agri-Development Space Applications

Land Resource Inventory and Land Use Planning

Soil resource mapping at 1250000 scale for all states

District level soil resource inventory at 150000 scale (6145 lakh ha) and at 110000 scale (308 lakhs ha)

Soil series entered in National Register ndash 293

20 Agro-Ecological Regions 60 Agro-Ecological Sub Regions refined for Indo-Gangetic Plains and Black Soil Region

Land use planning model for districts

Harmonized characterized and quantified 120 m ha of degraded land in India

Soil Loss Classes TGAVery Slight (lt 5tha-1yr-1) 302

Slight ( 5-10 tha-1yr-1) 200

Moderate (10-15 tha-1yr-1) 131

Moderately Severe (15-20 tha-1yr-1) 63

Severe (20-40 tha-1yr-1) 104

Very Severe (40 -80 tha-1yr-1) 72

Extremely severe (gt80 tha-1yr-1) 39

Others 89

AESRrsquos

AERrsquos

Village Soil Map

District Soil Map

Kharif Paddy

Rabi -OnionUpscaling of village LUP to

District level

Estimated Soil Loss India

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 35: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Geo-referenced Soil Fertility Maps 4

Crop amp Animal Productivity

GIS based soil fertility maps of Nasik District of

Maharashtra

170 districts spread across 19 states

Soil-Plant-Animal-Human Continuum

Soil Health for Food CropsFodder Crops

Liquid microbial consortium (LMC) is the

only solution for restoration of soil health

Microbial Consortia

Microbial enriched compost potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) solubilizing bacteria microbial consortia for organic matter decomposition plant growth promoting bacteria for disease control in crops and horticulture

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 36: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Water Saving Technologies

Laser land leveling

Raised bed plantingRiceMaize + Potato

Pipeline Networking

R-Rice R-F- Rice- fish R-FHC- Rice- fish ndashhort crops RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

4

5

6

25

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

1

2

3

4

5

US Cm3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C

R-

FD

F

Net Water Productivity of

Rice-Fish Farming Systems

Growing needs to bring more cropped area

under irrigation to meet the food demand

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 37: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Drought tolerant paddy cultivar for Odisha

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha) Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

240 - 04 12800 180

Sahabhagidhan

310 2917 40 19200 206

Drought tolerant paddy var Sahabhagi dhan

Jharsuguda Sonepuramp Ganjam

Lodging Cracking of soil ampstunted growth occurred in var of gt 120 days duration due to dry spell (Sept20-30) amp Oct 06 -31 2015

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 38: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Farmers Covered 16Nos

Area in ha 40

Flood tolerant Paddy variety Swarna Sub-I in cyclone affected regions

Swarna sub-1

Swarna sub-1 can with stand 10 days water logging amp yield is higher than Local ruling var Pratikshya

Ganjam

Treatments Variety Seed

yield

(kgha)

Fodder

yield

(kgha)

Gross cost

(Rsha)

Gross

returns

(Rsha)

Net returns

(Rsha)

Demo Swarna-

sub-1

4140 5670 24200 57960 35760

Farmers practice Pratikshya 4020 5510 24100 56280 32180

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 39: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Sesamum Cv- Prachi in upland situation Black gram var Prasad Maize var PAC-745

Demonstration of drought tolerant varieties for upland conditions

Technology demonstrated Critical input (Variety Fertilizer

Chemicals doses)

No of

farmers

Area (ha) Average Yield (qha)

Demoha Localha

Demonstration of stress

tolerant varieties

Sesame Cv- Prachi15 25 32 17

Maize Cv- PAC 74525 50 148 117

Black gram Cv- Prasad55 120 102 78

Kalahandi

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 40: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Crop diversification with hybrid Maize in upland region under delayed

monsoon conditions

Treatment Yield(qha) change in yield

Area(ha)

Net Return(Rsha)

BC Ratio

Farmerpractice

230 - 04 73500 31

Hybrid maize 390 6957 40 138500 40

Crop diversification with hybrid maize

Case Study from Jharsuguda Odisha

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 41: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Local Ragi ML365

Drought Proofing ndash A case study from village Tumkur

Interventions in four modules (NRM Crops Livestock and Institutional)

Investment US $ 25Kyear over 3 years generated additional wealth and environmental services valued at $ 115K

Enabled farmers to cope with severe drought of 2012-13 where the loss was restricted to 30 as against 70 in neighboring villages

Technology In-situ moisture conservation Land treatments Farm ponds Drought tolerant cultivar Soil test based nutrients

Institutions VCRMC Seed bank Custom hiring of farm machines Water groups

AdaptationMitigation

Adaptation to Droughts Resilient

Household food and livelihoods Enhanced

Village carbon balance +

GHGs reduced

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 42: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Conservation Agriculture

CA practices in irrigated rice reduced GHGs besides rice residue management improved soil C sequestration and soil health

Reduced GHGs in Zero Tillage Maize over Tilled Maize

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 43: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Ch

eck

dam

Po

ly b

ag c

he

ck d

amR

ech

argi

ng

of

op

en

we

ll

Use of harvested water for rabi crops

Ex-situ rainwater harvesting in farm ponds check dams poly bag check dams

Use of harvested water for pre-sowing and supplemental irrigations in rabi season and high value vegetable crops

Mustard 128 ha 16 qha Rs36000ha 32 BC ratio in Datia MP

Vegetables (tomato chilies brinjal cauliflower) Rs10 to Rs15 lakhsha additional income 4 to 56 BC ratio in Datia MP

Taken up in MP Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Rajasthan Chhattisgarh etc

Rainwater Harvesting and its Efficient use Enhanced Productivity and Cropping Intensity

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 44: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Integrated Watershed Management

Drought Mitigation and Integrated Development of BundelkhandRegion

Parasai-Sindh Watershed District Jhansi

Rubber Dam

Parasai-Sindh Watershed

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 45: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Diversified Farming

Diversified Crops enterprises and

Practices

Higher and sustainable production

Better marketing and returns

Optimum utilization of

resourcesinputs

Opportunity Diversified Farming

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 46: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Crop Diversification

Sunflower + pigeonpea (21)

Sunflower + groundnut (15)

Soybean + sunflower (21)

Groundnut + pigeonpea (52)

Castor + groundnut (135)

Castor + mungbean (12)

Castor + clusterbean (12)

Castor + pigeonpea (11)

Chickpea + Mustard (31)

Remunerative Intercropping Systems

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 47: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Farming System Options for Livelihood Improvement and Sustainability

Intensive integrated Farming System

Integration of crop-fish-livestock

BC ration 142 to 176

Passion fruits on fences

Multi-tier cropping

Agropastoral based Integrated Farming System

Integration of dairy fodder crops

Residue retention and fodder on risers

Vertical cropping

Gingerturmeric under partial shade of bottle gourd

Fish based farming system

Pond dyke utilization for vegetablesfruits

Fish + duck farming system

Fish feed requirement zero due to dropping spillage of duck feed in pond

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 48: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Introduction of improved breeds of duckling var Khaki

camp bell

Improving the livelihoods through farming systems approach

No of Farmers - 29No of Birds - 100 duckling

Result Yield (kgha) Gross Cost Gross Return Net Return(Rsha) BC Ratio

Local 195 kg egg laying-40

220 355 135 16

Demo 3 kg egg laying-180

460 1020 560 22

Kendrapara Odisha

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 49: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Agroforestry and the 3 major UN Conventions

AgroforestryUNCCD

UNFCCC CBD

Landscape restoration Reversing land degradation

Carbon sequestration

On-farm adaptation

Species and habitat conservation

Landscape connectivity

Agroforestry systems a major sink of atmospheric CO2

reduce the vulnerability of small-scale farmers

LULUCF of the Kyoto Protocol Article 33 A amp R

Expanding the size of the global terrestrial sink

Harnessing Ecosystem Services

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 50: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Addressing the Farmersrsquo Challenges

Farmer-Centric ApproachhellipDoubling Farmersrsquo

Income

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 51: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

smart farming4

small farmers

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 52: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Agro-Advisories ndash Helping farmers in timely decisions

Comprehensive weather based agro-advisory services

District-level advisories through KVKs

Impact studies showed significant benefits to farmers in saving on input cost time of spraying irrigation scheduling and crop harvesting

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 53: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

CentreMaximum

temperature (degC)

Minimum

temperature (degC)Stage

Kanpur 256 ndash 275 99 ndash 113 Milk

Faizabad 320 140 Dough

Anand 269 ndash 281 99 ndash 110 Milk

Ranichauri 138 ndash 163 29 ndash 53 Jointing to Anthesis

Raipur 297 ndash 317 151 ndash 158 Milk

Ludhiana 200 ndash 313 64 ndash 154 Booting to Maturity

Thresholds of temperature in critical stages for obtaining optimum wheat yield at 6 centres

Weather based indices for improved insurance policies

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 54: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

KVKs to enable climate resilience and sustainability

Kisan Mobile Advisory

through SMS

`Krishi Dakrsquo - Post Office in Agriculture

Community Radio

650 KVKs 1995-2005 Extension reforms pilot tested

under NATP

2005 Scheme for `Support to State Extension Programmesrsquo

2007 National Development Council highlighted the need for Extension Reforms

2007 NPF ndash farmer-to-farmer learning through Farm Schools

XI Plan KVKs in each district

2012 2 KVKs in larger districts

2016 Specialty KVKS

KVK Portal

Mobile Apps

Seed Hubs

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 55: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events

1877

Drought Events

Major Policy Interventions

Famine Codes

1965

Green

Revolution

and FCI

Scarcity

relief

1972

Employ

ment

Generation

Programmes

Drought

relief

1979

Contingency

Crop

Plan

Drought

management

1987

Watershed

Approach

Water

management

2002

Improved weather

forecasts and their

applications

Knowledge management

Each round represent

death of one million people

Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source ADPCMOA

2009

bull Fertilizer Policy ndash Subsidybull Agroforestry Policybull Pricing Policy - MSPbull Crop Insurancebull NMSA

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 56: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Investment in Agric RampD has High Returns

Source Fan Mogues and Benin 2009

Note ldquonerdquo indicates not estimated

China India Thailand Ghana Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia

Returns to agriculture or rural income

(local currencylocal currency spending)

Agric RampD 68 135 126 168 124 125 014

Education 22 14 21 -02 72 9 056

Health ne 08 ne 13 09 ne -003

Roads 17 53 09 88 27 91 422

Ranking in returns to poverty reduction

Agric RampD 2 2 1 ne 1 2 ne

Education 1 3 3 ne 3 1 ne

Health ne 4 ne ne 4 ne ne

Roads 3 1 2 ne 2 3 ne

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 57: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

What more to be done

Large scale replication of climate resilient and sustainable agri-models

Taking the science of climate resilience and sustainability to a higher platform

Land consolidation

Promotion of self-sustaining seed system

Creation of primary processing units at the production sites complete package for use of waste and market linkage

Creation of agri-information and service centres

Value tagging of ecosystem services

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 58: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

Climate Resilient Agriculture

Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture

Sustainability in Agriculture

A Happy and Healthy India

We foreseehellip

Youth is our Strength

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip

Page 59: IMS-Diamond Jubilee Public Lecture - imetsociety.org · "an integrated system of plant and animal ... Control Antioxidant Climat. Ch. nmol/min/ml) b b ab ab a a ... plan Farmers’

मरा गााव मरा गौरव

Scientists as Social Change Agents

Thank You Allhellip