Implicit Measures of Compassion- Daryl Cameron
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Transcript of Implicit Measures of Compassion- Daryl Cameron
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IMPLICIT
MEASURES OFCOMPASSION
DARYL CAMERON
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
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HOW TO ASSESS COMPASSION?
We could simply ask people how much compassion they
feel for someone else
Emotion self-reports can provide useful experiential
information to complement other assessment techniques
(Barrett et al., 2007)
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HOW TO ASSESS COMPASSION?
But there could be drawbacks
People may want to hide compassionate feelings due to social normsor financial cost
People may say they feel more compassion than they do, a socially
desirable response
People may not know how they feel, or why they feel as they do
(Nisbett & Wilson, 1977)
And once they label their feeling as compassion, this may have
downstream measurement consequences (Kassam & Mendes, 2013)
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IMPLICIT MEASUREMENT
What is implicit measurement? Measures of attitudes, emotions and beliefs that dont directly
ask for an evaluationgets beyond social desirability and
response bias
Can capture immediate affective and conceptual responses that
may be unconscious, automatic, involuntary
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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION
Causal influence Situational cues
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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION
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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION
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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION PROCEDURE
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AFFECT MISATTRIBUTION PROCEDURE
(AMP)
Can measure individual differences in implicit affect toward social stimuli
Implicit in a strong sense: misattributions are happening even whenpeople are warned about prime influence and told to avoid it
Easily administered, reliable, and predicts explicit attitudes and behaviors
(Cameron, Brown-Iannuzzi, & Payne 2012 meta-analysis)
Though traditionally asked to judge pleasant/unpleasantness of pictograph,
has recently been adapted to assess discrete emotions (CCARE AMP demo)
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IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)
Perhaps the most well-known implicit measure of attitudes and beliefs
Measures the relative strength of association between concepts andattributes, based upon the speed with which you respond to different
combinations of categories:
You should be faster in responding to pairs of concepts and attributes
that are strongly associated than pairs that are not
Can be used to assess stereotypes, attitudes, self-concept, worldview
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The Implicit AssociationTest
Clap RIGHT KNEE for GOOD;
Clap LEFT KNEE for BAD!
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BAD GOOD
Excellent
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BAD GOOD
Horrible
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BAD GOOD
Lovely
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BAD GOOD
Disgusting
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BAD GOOD
Excellent
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BAD GOOD
Lovely
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BAD GOOD
Wonderful
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BAD GOOD
Terrible
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BAD GOOD
Awful
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NOW- Change: You will see stereotypically
White and stereotypically Black names
(White = Phillip, Chip, Henry, Heather,
Debbie, Elizabeth;
Black = Tyrone, Jamal, Deion, Latisha,Sharise, Latoya).
Clap RIGHT KNEE for WHITE;Clap LEFT KNEE for BLACK!
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BLACK WHITE
Phillip
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BLACK WHITE
Jamal
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BLACK WHITE
Tyrone
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BLACK WHITE
Henry
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BLACK WHITE
Elizabeth
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BLACK WHITE
Heather
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BLACK WHITE
Latoya
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BLACK WHITE
Sharise
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BLACK WHITE
Deion
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BLACK WHITE
Debbie
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Now- Combine:
Clap RIGHT KNEE if GOOD or WHITE
Clap LEFT KNEE if BAD or BLACK
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Elizabeth
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Lovely
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Horrible
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Heather
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Heather
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Latoya
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Excellent
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Sharise
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Deion
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BLACK WHITE
BAD GOOD
Disgusting
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Now- Change:
Clap RIGHT KNEE if GOOD or BLACK
Clap LEFT KNEE if BAD or WHITE
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Elizabeth
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Lovely
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Horrible
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Heather
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Latoya
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Excellent
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Sharise
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Deion
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Disgusting
WHITE BLACK
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WHITE BLACK
BAD GOOD
Wonderful
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IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)
Like the AMP, the IAT predicts explicit attitudes (Hofmann et al., 2005) andbehaviors (Greenwald et al., 2010)
One critique of using IAT to assess discrete emotions is that it captures
concepts and beliefs rather than affect or emotions
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APPROACH-AVOIDANCE TASKS
Captures motivational approach/avoid
orientations toward social stimuli
thought to mediate influence of
automatic affect/attitudes on behavior
Manikin randomly appears above orbelow, instructed to move it toward or
away from picture as fast as you can
If feel compassion, should be faster to
approach and slower to avoid
Impulsive avoidance of AIDS patients
correlates with IAT attitudes (Neumann
et al., 2004); behavioral intentions
correlated with explicit attitudes
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MULTI-METHOD APPROACH
What you choose will depend on the question you want to ask.
If you want peoples full-blown conscious experience, ask them to self-report
compassion. But consider whether there are normative pressures in play, andwhether self-reports will change other outcome measures.
If you want to capture immediate affect or emotion, consider the AMP.
If you want to capture conceptual activation related to compassion (i.e., thoughts
about victims; compassionate self-concept), use the IAT.
If you want to capture behavioral orientations, use either the approach-avoidance
task or measure behavior in the laboratory.
Emotion
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Emotion
experience (self-
reports)
Immediate affect
(AMP)
Conceptualactivation (IAT)
Spontaneous
behavioral
orientations(approach-avoid)
Behavior (altruism,
donation)
Emotion
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Emotion
experience (self-
reports)
Immediate affect
(AMP)
Conceptualactivation (IAT)
Spontaneous
behavioral
orientations(approach-avoid)
Behavior (altruism,
donation)