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Imperialism

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Imperialism Stronger nations take over weaker

nations The US will expand its borders=Manifest

Destiny New markets for trade Raw materials Need for military bases

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Desire for Military Strength Admiral Alfred

Mahan The Influence of Sea

Power Upon History Build up a strong

navy to compete with strong countries

The Great White Fleet

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Taking New Lands William Seward,

Secretary of State Purchased Alaska

from Russia in 1867 Called “Seward’s

Icebox” Alaska provided oil,

timber Becomes a state in

1959

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US takes Hawaii Hawaii was a stopping point for American

shippers heading to China for trade Hawaii had sugar plantations, and sold

mostly to the US-many owned by Americans

1875- the US agreed to import Hawaiian sugar tax free

Hawaiian sugar production increased drastically

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US Takes Hawaii part 3 In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani rises to power She changes Hawaiian constitution to allow

all citizens to vote (not just land owners-who where mostly American)

This angered the Americans on the island and they organized a revolution against the Queen

The queen was overthrown and the people of Hawaii requested the assistance of the US

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US takes Hawaii continued McKinley Tariff of 1890 raised tariffs on

Hawaiian sugar Hawaiian sugar planters now faced real

competition In the mean time, the US pressured the

Hawaiian government to allow us a military base at Pearl Harbor

Due to financial instability, the people of Hawaii begged for American assistance

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US takes Hawaii part 4 Sanford Dole established a government

in Hawaii (similar to that in the US) Hawaii becomes an American territory in

1898 Hawaii becomes a state in 1959

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Section 2

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Cubans Rebel Against Spain Spain controlled the Philippines, Guam,

Cuba, Puerto Rico The US was interested in purchasing

Cuba, but the Spanish refused to sell A Cuban rebel named Jose Marti was

tired of Spanish rule and led a revolution Americans began to support this

rebellion in hopes of gaining territory

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Spain sent Valeriano Weyler to Cuba in hopes of ending the rebellion

He imprisioned Cubans into concentration camps to keep them from fighting

American journalists heard about this and published articles in support of the Cubans

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Yellow Journalism and the rebellion Yellow Journalism was created

(exaggerated news to enrage readers) William Randolph Hearst and Joseph

Pulitzer competed for stories in their papers

These stories encouraged Americans to join in the Cuban rebel cause

“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war” Hearst

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The De Lome Letter Enrique De Lome, Spanish minister to

the US, wrote a letter that was published in the NY Journal

It insulted President McKinley for not taking military action to aid Cuba

Americans were insulted by the Spanish for this man’s behavior

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The USS Maine sinks McKinley ordered for the

USS Maine to go to Cuba and bring home any American citizens who were there

On February 15, 1898, the Maine exploded in the Havana harbor

260 men killed As a result of this,

Americans will urge Congress to declare war

“Remember the Maine”

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The Spanish-American War McKinley asked Congress to declare war on

Spain (April 1898) George Dewey leads Americans to victory in

the Philippines (Manila Bay) Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo will fight with

American forces to overthrow Spanish rule William Sampson will lead Americans to

victory in the Caribbean Both regions prove US Naval strength

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The War in Cuba Troops not well prepared and were not

properly dressed (wore wool uniforms) Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt led a

volunteer Calvary unit called the Rough Riders

Defeated Spanish at Santiago (near Kettle Hill) and moved on to San Juan Hill

These victories allowed the US to lead infantry attacks, leading to Spanish surrender

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Treaty of Paris Signed by the US and Spain Spain freed Cuba Guam and Puerto Rico given to the US Spain sold the Philippines to the US for

$20 million

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Section 3

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US Rule in Puerto Rico Puerto Rico was under military rule

during the Spanish-American War Congress then passed the Foraker Act to

end military rule and established a civil government

Puerto Ricans were later granted citizenship and elect their own legislature

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Cuba and the US The US recognized the independence of

Cuba, yet American troops occupied Cuba after the war

Cuba writes a constitution declaring their independence but doesn’t recognize a relationship with the US

The US urged them to accept the Platt Amendment

US wouldn’t withdraw troops until Platt Amendment was accepted

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Platt Amendment US can intervene in Cuban affairs Cuba cannot make treaties that would

allow another nation to control them Cuba cannot go into debt that it cannot

pay US can buy/lease land in Cuba for

military bases (Guantanamo Bay) Cuba becomes an American protectorate

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Filipinos Rebel Emilio Aguinaldo, Philippine rebel,

wanted independence from US American troops had imprisoned Filipinos

into unsanitary camps (starvation and disease killed many)

Aguinaldo leads a revolt against American troops

US forces will put down rebellion after 3 years of fighting

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US sets up government similar to the one in Puerto Rico

William Taft was appointed as Governor, he worked to rebuild the region and advance it with education and religion

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Foreign Influence in China China would provide the US with new

markets Secretary of State John Hay wrote the

Open Door Policy requesting that all countries should share trade rights with the US

This allowed the US to trade freely with China

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The Boxer Rebellion While China was an independent country,

many Europeans filled the large cities Many Chinese wanted to rid the country of

“foreign devils” A secret group called the Boxers led a

rebellion against foreigners, missionaries, and Chinese who converted to Christianity

Troops from several countries (including US) joined together to put an end to this rebellion

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Opposition to Expansion While the US is expanding its territories,

not everyone approves The Anti-Imperialist League formed

stating it was wrong for the US to claim and rule lands without the people’s consent

Jane Addams, Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, Pres. Cleveland

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Section 4

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Teddy Roosevelt and the World Peacemaker: TR will negotiate the end

of the Russo-Japanese War. He wins a Nobel Peace Prize

Panama Canal: we needed a canal across Central American to better trade. TR purchased the canal for $10 million plus annual rent of $250,000

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Roosevelt Corollary Latin American nations borrowed millions

from European banks TR worried that if they didn’t repay loans,

that war could break out in the Western Hemisphere

TR reminded Europe about the Monroe Doctrine (Europe must stay out of Latin American affairs)

He added that the US would be the police force of Latin America

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Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy The US had the moral obligation to deny

recognition to any Latin American government that we viewed oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile

Wilson will pressure countries to establish democracies

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Mexican Revolution Mexico had been under military rule, yet

they were friendly with the US The dictator, Diaz, was overthrown by

Francisco Madero (who led peasants and workers). Sadly, Madero was murdered by General Victoriano Huerta who established an unfair government in Mexico

The US will intervene with troops and eventually Huerta will fall

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Victor Carranza rises to power and established a government that would be recognized by the US

However, rebels under the command of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata will try and defeat Carranza and his government

The US would not aid the rebels, the rebels attacked a US city

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American forces led by John J. Pershing will search for Villa and his men

Carranza demanded the US troops to withdraw, Wilson refused

Both sides will come to a cease-fire a year later

Wilson must prepare for war in Europe while Carranza will rule oppressively for 3 more years