Imperial RomeImperial Rome

Images of a cultureImages of a culture

Roman Empire, 40 BCRoman Empire, 40 BC

Augustus Augustus Caesar, Caesar,

Princeps Princeps 27 BC–AD 1427 BC–AD 14

Imperial RomeImperial Rome Augustan Age 27 BC-AD 14 Augustan Age 27 BC-AD 14

– Political ReformsPolitical Reforms– Economic ReformsEconomic Reforms– Military ReformsMilitary Reforms– Moral ReformsMoral Reforms– PropagandaPropaganda

Post-Augustan Dynasties to AD 180Post-Augustan Dynasties to AD 180– Conditions at HomeConditions at Home– Conditions on the FrontierConditions on the Frontier

Life in Rome ca. AD 100Life in Rome ca. AD 100– Urban LifeUrban Life– AgricultureAgriculture– CultureCulture

Rule of Augustus (27 BC-AD 14)Rule of Augustus (27 BC-AD 14)

PrincipatePrincipate (Augustan Settlement) (Augustan Settlement) retained military imperiumretained military imperium

Pax RomanaPax Romana Octavian becomes Augustus (man of Octavian becomes Augustus (man of

honor)honor) Elected Consul (31 BC)Elected Consul (31 BC) Tribune powers granted permanently Tribune powers granted permanently

(27 BC)(27 BC) Marked the beginning of the Roman Marked the beginning of the Roman

EmpireEmpire

Roman Empire, AD 14

©1997 Grolier Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.Rome Ancient, AD 14

Dynasties and Key EmperorsDynasties and Key Emperors

Julio-Claudian DynastyJulio-Claudian Dynasty– Augustus Caesar 27 BC–AD Augustus Caesar 27 BC–AD

1414– Tiberius Caesar 14–37Tiberius Caesar 14–37– Gaius (Caligula) 37–41Gaius (Caligula) 37–41– Claudius 41–54Claudius 41–54– Nero 54–69Nero 54–69

Year of the Four Emperors AD Year of the Four Emperors AD 69 69

GalbaGalba OthoOtho VitelliusVitellius VespasianVespasian—>—>

Flavian DynastyFlavian Dynasty– Vespasian 69–79Vespasian 69–79– Titus 79–81Titus 79–81– Domitian 81–96 Domitian 81–96

The “Good Emperors”The “Good Emperors”– Nerva 96–98Nerva 96–98– Trajan 98–117Trajan 98–117– Hadrian 117–138Hadrian 117–138– Antoninus Pius 138–Antoninus Pius 138–

161161– Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius

161–180161–180

Life in Rome, ca. AD 100Life in Rome, ca. AD 100

CultureCulture– CoinageCoinage– Architecture: new town and aquaductsArchitecture: new town and aquaducts– CommunicationsCommunications– Education: private and expensiveEducation: private and expensive– Popular interests: gladitorial contestsPopular interests: gladitorial contests

City Life: Rome, PompeiiCity Life: Rome, Pompeii AgricultureAgriculture Signs of trouble in 2Signs of trouble in 2ndnd Century Century

Roman Roads, Via AppiaRoman Roads, Via Appia

Hadrian’s Wall, AD 130sHadrian’s Wall, AD 130s

Roman Coin, ca. 2Roman Coin, ca. 2ndnd Century Century

Flavian Amphitheater in Rome AD Flavian Amphitheater in Rome AD

8080

Interior Flavian Amphitheater Interior Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum)(Colosseum)

Gladiator FiguresGladiator Figures

Pantheon, ExteriorPantheon, Exterior

Pantheon, Interior DomePantheon, Interior Dome

Roman Baths (Bath, Roman Baths (Bath, England)England)

Roman AquaductRoman Aquaduct

Urban Setting, Rome ca. 100 Urban Setting, Rome ca. 100 B.C.B.C.

Destruction of Pompeii, AD 79Destruction of Pompeii, AD 79

Street in PompeiiStreet in Pompeii

Pompeii, amphitheatrePompeii, amphitheatre

Pompeii, villa (house)Pompeii, villa (house)

Pompeii, villa (atrium)Pompeii, villa (atrium)

Pompeii, storefrontPompeii, storefront

Pompeii, shop interiorPompeii, shop interior

Pompeii, bakeryPompeii, bakery

Pompeii, tavern interiorPompeii, tavern interior

Life in Rome, AD 100-200Life in Rome, AD 100-200

Agriculture Signs of Trouble in the 2nd century

(101-200)– Population Stagnant/Declining– Intellectual – Political/Military– Spiritual

Christianity Political Innovations after 200

Roman Empire, AD 116

The Growth of ChristianityThe Growth of Christianity

Atmosphere in which it grewAtmosphere in which it grew– PalestinePalestine– Philosophies and CultsPhilosophies and Cults

What aided its expansion?What aided its expansion?– Evangelists, “classlessness,” siege Evangelists, “classlessness,” siege

mentality, martyrdoms, sense of mentality, martyrdoms, sense of moral superiority, organizationmoral superiority, organization

What hindered its expansion?What hindered its expansion?– Persecutions, divisions within its Persecutions, divisions within its

ranksranks Eventual growth into state religionEventual growth into state religion

Political Developments within the Political Developments within the Roman Empire, 3Roman Empire, 3rdrd-5-5thth centuries centuries

Militarization of the state under Septimus Militarization of the state under Septimus SeverusSeverus

Series of rulers chosen by army (Barracks Series of rulers chosen by army (Barracks Emperors)Emperors)

Division of the Empire (Diocletian)Division of the Empire (Diocletian)– Tetrarchy: 2 Augusti & 2 CaesarsTetrarchy: 2 Augusti & 2 Caesars

Prefectures & diocesesPrefectures & dioceses Reassertion of Unity (Constantine)Reassertion of Unity (Constantine) Growing Threat of Barbarian MigrationsGrowing Threat of Barbarian Migrations Fall of Western EmpireFall of Western Empire

Roman Empire, ca. 330

Split of the Roman EmpireSplit of the Roman Empire

2nd century2nd century: p: power shifted from Rome ower shifted from Rome to the eastern provinces.to the eastern provinces.

Diocletian (r. 284-305): tetrarchy: Diocletian (r. 284-305): tetrarchy: prefectures & diocesesprefectures & dioceses

Constantine the Great (r. 306-337)Constantine the Great (r. 306-337) Constantinople became capital (330) Constantinople became capital (330) Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman

Empire)Empire)– More urbanized east, Greek influence More urbanized east, Greek influence – Lasted until 1453 when conquered by Lasted until 1453 when conquered by

Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks

Roman Empire, AD 476Roman Empire, AD 476