EXPERIENCE OF MAJOR CITIES IN VIETNAM

Dr. Pham Hoai CHUNG

Transport Development Strategy Institute

Ministry of Transport, Vietnam

IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY

Ha Noi city

Ho Chi Minh city

November, 2020

OVERVIEW OF HANOI CITY AND HO

CHI MINH CITY1

2 IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN VIETNAM

3IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN

MOBILITY

4 SOLUTIONS

Hanoi City - The capital of Vietnam

Area: 3,348 square kilometers

Population : 8.05 million people

GRDP: $5,600 per capita

Polulation density: 2,406 people/km2

Highest density : 43,000 people/km2

Urbanization rate : 69.7%.

Ho Chi Minh city

Ha Noi city

Ho Chi Minh City - The leading in

economic development of Vietnam

Area: 2,095 square kilometers

Population : 9.1 million people.

GRDP: $6,300 per capita

Polulation density: 4,344 people/km2

Highest density : 46,000 people/km2

Urbanization rate : 83%.

OVERVIEW OFHANOI CITY AND HO CHI MINH CITY

No Content Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City

1 Traffic infrastructure- Urban road length (km) 2.250 4.400

-Ratio of land for traffic / urban construction land (%)

9,75 10,2

- Ratio of land for static traffic (%) 0,31 0,28

2 Private Vehicle- Motorbikes (vehicles) 6,1 milion 8,0 milion

Ratio of motorbikes / 1000 people (car / 1000 people)

757 890

Motorcycle growth 2015-2019 (% / year) 5,18% 3,82%

- Passenger car (vehicles) 468 thousands 354 thousandsRatio of car / 1000 people (car / 1000 people)

58 39

Growth of car 2015-2019 (% / year) 17,43% 15,58%

3 MRT

- Urban Railway (route)Khai thác tuyến đầu tiên: 2021

Khai thác tuyến đầu tiên: 2022

- BRT (route)01 tuyến: BX Yên Nghĩa – BX Kim Mã

Đang nghiên cứu

4 Bus- No. of Route 127 139- Bus fleet 1,952 2,063

Bus rate / 100,000 inhabitants 24 23

-Number of passengers in 2019 (million trips / year)

484,5 290

Average number of trips by public transport (Trip / person / year)

56 32

- Market share (%) 8,69% 4,42% 4

-Limited capacity transport

infrastructure: land for traffic is

still low, only 40-50% of therequirement

-Large number of

motorcycles, very high

ownership rate

-Cars are on a strong growth

trend due to economic

development

-Public transport lack of

capacity: only busescurrently. UMRT will be

deployed in the near future.

-People mainly use private

vehicles in traffic, the rate

of using public transport is

very low

EXISTING CONDITIONS OF THE URBANTRANSPORT INHANOI AND HO CHI MINH CITY

5

Current status (2020)

• Hanoi: 07 bus routes using

CNG fuel, 102 vehicles

• Ho Chi Minh City: 453 vehiclesuse CNG

Low emission vehicles

In the near future (2021)

- In Hanoi and City. Ho Chi Minh City will

put into operation 15 routes, 250electric buses

- Electric bus: speed 80 km / h, capacity

65-70 people, Lithium-Ion battery, no

emissions

CNG Bus

Electric Bus

EXISTING CONDITIONS OF THE URBANTRANSPORT INHANOI AND HO CHI MINH CITY

OVERVIEW OF COVID-19 INVIETNAM

2 13 17218 268

369 369

590

1046

1300

2 35 350

500

1000

1500

Jan 23 Feb 01 Mar 06 Apr 01 Apr 15 Apr 28 Jul 24 Aug 02 Sep 02 Nov 20

Infected Deceased

Number of COVID-19 cases in Vietnam (including quaratined cases from immigration)

Source: MOH and TDSI calculation

1

41 days 52 days

Outbreak: cases found in society (immigration was excluded)

Control: no case found in society

83 days 42 days

78 days

23

4 5The “safe-line”

5 phase of COVID-19 in VIETNAM

Social distance

4 weeks2 types of

COVID-19 cases

Social

Immigration

Easy to quarantine.

Cause outbreak.

Hard to control.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY IN HA NOI CITY

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY

IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANY

IMPACT ON TRAFFIC FLOW

IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT VOLUME

IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT EMPLOYEE

IMPACT ON PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT

COVID-19

1

2

3

4

5

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW

❖ Traffic flow survey: on 35 main traffic axes in Hanoi and 12 main traffic axes in Ho Chi Minh City

❖ People's commuter sociological survey: 5,820 people

❖ Time: from March 2020 - June 2020

SURVEY LOCATION

Survey respondents

Vehicle

type

Illust

ratio

n

Descriptions

Motorbike Two-wheeled motor vehicles

(including bicycles)

Car Four-wheeled motor vehicle carrying

people from 2 to 5 seats, including a

pickup truck for both passenger and

freight transportation

Bus Small

bus

As a four-wheel or six-wheel motor

vehicle for passenger transportation

(7-12 seats)

Mediu

m bus

As a four-wheel or six-wheel motor

vehicle for passenger transportation

(12-29 seats)

Large

bus

Six-wheel motor vehicle for

passenger transportation (29 seats or

more)

Tru

ck

Light

truck

Four-wheel motor vehicle for freight

transportation (less than 3.5 tons)

Heavy

truck

Motor vehicle with six or more wheels

used for carrying large volume of

freights (over 3.5 tons)

Field survey photo

Survey bus and car speed Social survey

Traffic survey

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW

Comparison of traffic volume on some routes due to Covid-19 impact

Motorbike average speed

Average speed of car

Average speed of bus

Traffic Volume Survey Results

No Route

Normal Impact of Covid-10 situationTỷ lệ

giảmVolume

(PCU)LOS

Volume

(PCU)LOS

1 Dinh Tien Hoang 3,168 D 2,185 C 31,03%

2 Dong Khoi 3,296 D 2,197 C 33,34%

3 Ham Nghi 3,036 D 1,898 C 37,48%

4 Le Duan 5,851 D 4,376 C 25,21%

5 Le Loi 4,813 D 3,592 C 25,37%

6 Ly Tu Trong 3,028 E 2,163 C 28,57%

7 Nguyen Thai Hoc 4,550 D 3,626 C 20,31%

8 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai 3,036 D 2,266 C 25,36%

9 Tran Hung Dao 5,777 D 3,851 C 33,34%

10 Truong Dinh 3,168 D 2,112 C 33,33%

11 Cach Mang Thang Tam 4,816 D 3,320 C 31,02%

12 Nam Ky Khoi Nghia 2,888 D 1,805 B 37,50%

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW

❖ During the period of social isolation: Traffic volume

decreases by 70-84%.

❖ Average COVID-19 affected period: Traffic volume

decreases 20-37%

❖ Average speed of traffic at peak hours increased by

1.80-2.36 times

❖ Results of the sociological survey: the average number of

trips decreased by 35% (from an average of 3.2 trips /day and night to 2.1 trips / day)

- Adopt work-from-home policy

- Limit people on the street (social-distance)

- Pupils and students are allowed to take leave from school

to prevent epidemics

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW

Traffic flow survey results:

Reason

Before COVID-19 After COVID-19

HCM

City

Hanoi

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ONTRAFFIC FLOW

TRANSPORT VOLUME REDUCTION

FREIGHT TRANSPORT 8.1%

PASSENGER TRANSPORT 27.3%

Source: GSO, October 2020

Passenger transport volumeQuarter

I/2020YOY

Quarter

II/2020YOY

First 6 months

of 2020YOY

Rail 1,341 6.5% 638 29.1% 1,979.2 46.6%

Sea 1,306 6.7% 1,532 81.8% 2,837.7 74.3%

IWT 44,705 8.7% 46,642 93.3% 91,347.1 89.9%

Road 1,073,583 9.2% 628,291 52.8% 1,701,874.7 72.1%

Air 10,543 8.1% 4,033 29.3% 14,575.4 54.5%

Freight transport volumeQuarter

I/2020YOY

Quarter

II/2020YOY

First 6

months of

2020

YOY

Rail 1,192 94.6% 638 98.8% 2,586.1 96.7%

Sea 19,405 97.4% 1,532 96.1% 39,885.3 96.8%

IWT 72,213 98.4% 46,642 96.3% 147,821.6 97.4%

Road 335,916 105.8% 628,291 91.1% 632,546.8 98.4%

Air 89 94.7% 4,033 36.9% 211.4 62.6%

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT

Cost for

COVID-19

impact

Capacity

Reduction

Stop Operating

(Social-distance)Total

Period From Mar 22 to Mar27 and from

Apr 23 to May 3

From Mar 28 to

Apr 22

Duration 15 days 25 days 40 days

Volume reduction

(passenger)157,344 4,212,166 4,369,510

RevenueReduction

(USD)1,000,000 2,700,000 3,700,000

✓ 104 affected routes

✓ Passenger decrease by 26.8% YOY

Cost for COVID-19 impact Cost (USD)

Buy masks, hand satinizers,

disinfection equipment,…

970,000

Capacity reduction, Stop Operating 2,000,000

Total 2,970,000

✓ 127 affected routes

✓ Passenger decrease by 52,5% YOY

After COVID-19 Present

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT VOLUME

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANY AND EMPLOYEE

✓ 7500 people have to take a break

Income reduction:

- Leadership and management: 20-40%

- Driver and employees: 78-93%

✓ Costs for employee impacted by COVID-19:

2,000,000 USD

- 03 bus routes stop operating permanently - Many bus company request to stop operating because there are no passenger.

✓ Revenue reduction

- 42,5% reduction YOY

MAIN SOLUTIONS APPLIED

- Must wear mask properly always on the vehicle (permanent solution)

- Comply with body temperature checked before boarding

- Use the hand satinizer upon boarding

- Sit in the corresponding seat on the bus (1 chair distance

between passengers.

- If there’re some symptoms of COVID-19, must notify to

bus staff

- Must equip hand sanitizers onboard

- Open windows or maintain temperature

higher than 260C in operation

- Wash and sterilize vehicle at least once

per day at the end of trips.

1 chair distance between each passenger

It took 3-4 minutes additionally for each vehicle. It tooks 3-4 hours per day, from 9PM to 1 AM.

SOLUTION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTHA NOI CITY

SOLUTION APPLIED

- Not equipped 0

- Equipped 10

Equip with hand sanitizer and sanitizer on each vehicle

Service staff, vehicle operators wear masks and

gloves while working

- Someone did not 0

- 100% done 10

Density of people gathering on vehicles

- Number of people over 50% of carrying capacity /

vehicle or more 0

- Number of people with 50% capacity / vehicle or less 10

Passenger wearing a mask on vehicle

- Someone did not 0

- 100% done 10

- Not implemented 0

- There is disinfection of the vehicle but infrequently 5

- Disinfect the vehicle after the end of each trip 10

There are instructions to promptly notify passengers

with fever, cough, hard to breath

- Without notification 0

- Timely notification 10

Propagating people and passengers on a sense of

compliance in Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control

Characteristics Point

- There is no propaganda on the media 0

- There is propaganda on the media 10

Vehicle sterilize after each trip

- Not implemented 0

- 80% 5

- 100% 10

Proportion of staff and drivers of vehicles having their

temperature checked when getting on and off the vehicle:

- Close doors or use air conditioning below 26 ° C 0

- Partially open and use air conditioning above 26 ° C 5

- Open all doors, do not use air conditioning 10

Vehicle ventilation level; arrangement of a thermometer

in the vehicle:

>80%: Allow to operate 60-80%: Can operate but must upgrade criteria later

THANK YOUfor

YOUR ATTENTION!