Impact on vegetation - FORDA - Badan Litbang dan Inovasi ... · on biomass bases (FAO Forestry...
Transcript of Impact on vegetation - FORDA - Badan Litbang dan Inovasi ... · on biomass bases (FAO Forestry...
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Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011
In the 20th century CO2 concentration in the
atmosfphere is around 365 ppm. Without
mitigation CO2 concentration will increase up to
550 ppm in the middle of 21th century
Global air temperature increases 1.4 – 5.8 oC in
the period of 1990 – 2100 (IPCC, 2001).
Impact on vegetation Without mitigation scenario , dieback condition
in tropical forest and savanna will be occurred
in 2080 s.
With mitigation scenario to stabilize CO2
concentration around 750 ppm:, dieback
condition in tropical forest is delayed up to 100
years.
With mitigation scenario to stabilize CO2
concentration around 550 ppm, dieback is
predicted to be occurred in 2230 s.
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CO2
N2O2
SF6
CH4
HFCs
PFCs
Particular interest for forest ecosystems is the role it can play in
carbon sequestration: the process of removing carbon dioxide
(CO2) from the atmosphere and storing it in plants that use
sunlight to turn CO2 into biomass and oxygen
Biological diversity can make a significant contribution to
reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Forest ecosystem can be both sources and sinks of CO2. A
biological diverse tropical forest holds 50 times more carbon per
unit of area than a monoculture plantation.
Thus, the trees in a forest stand form an essential part in the
functioning of the terrestrial biosphere, especially in the carbon
cycle
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• Reducing CO2 in the atmosphere is actually absorbing
CO2 through the process of photosyntesis :
• 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
• Carbon sequestration: the process of removing carbon
dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and storing it in
plants that use sunlight to turn CO2 into biomass and
oxygen
Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011
APPROACH OBJECTIVES
This research aims to provide information on
tree characteristics on carbon sequestration
by analyzing the physiological characteristics
related to carbon sequestration (Biomass
accumulation, CO2 absorption, stomatal
conductance, chlorophyll content)
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METHODS
• Study Site
• The study site include :1) Botanical Gardens (Cibodas and Bogor), 2) Research Forest
(Forestry Research and Development Center in Situ Gede-CIFOR), 3) Rubber
plantations (Cianjur), 4) Cacao plantation (Cianjur-Cirata), 5) Mahagoni plantation
(Cianjur-Cirata), 6) Pinus plantation (Puncak, Cianjur-Cirata)
• Ecologycal Analysis
• The collected data was analyzed using Cox (1967) and Greigh-Smith (1964) method
• BA = (0.5xD)2x3.14
• Where BA (m-2h-1) is Basal Area; D is stem diameter and value of 3.14 is a constant.
• Plant biomass and carbon content were estimated by using following calculation :
• W = a D b
• W= Biomass; a and b = constant for estimating biomass of tree community (a =0.19
and b=2.37); D = Stem diameter (Brown, 1997). C = Carbon content
• C = 0.5 W
• Physiological Analysis
• The measurement of physiological characteristics were carried out on March 2011.
Simultaneous measurements of CO2 absorption, stomatal conductance ,transpiration.
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Carbon sequestration was calculated based
on biomass bases (FAO Forestry paper – 134)
measurement of physiological characteristics
were carried out using ADC Lci
Photosynthesis System
plant height measurement was using Haga
meter and stem diameter was using
diameter tape
Chlorophyll content measurements was
using chlorophyll meter SPAD-502; Minolta
Microclimate measurements were using
Digital Thermohygrometer AS ONE TH-321,
Lux meter LUXOR and soil tester
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chlorophyll photosynthesis
Digital Thermohygrometer
AS ONE TH-321
chlorophyll meter SPAD-502;
Minolta
ADC LCi Photosynthesis System
Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011
plotting physiological measurement
Tree measurement
Physiological measurement
Carbohydrate analysis
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Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011
No Tree Species
CO2 Absorption (µmolm-2s-1)
Transpiration (molm-2s-1)
Stomatal Conductance (molm-2s-1)
Q Leaf (µmolm-2s-1)
Chlorophyll Content (SPAD)
1 Azadirachta indica 0.90 0.09 541.83 52.55
2 Hopea odorata 6.69 1.52 0.22 170.00 39.07
3 Trachylobium verrucosum 0.98 0.14 970.00 42.02
4 Hymenaea courbaril 10.30 1.01 0.11 700.67 34.20
5 Khaya grandfolia 10.02 1.31 0.14 457.33 53.28
6 Palaquium javens 8.91 1.66 0.25 347.67 45.50
7 Shorea selanica 1.56 0.19 665.00 36.03
8 Pterygota alata 8.23 1.11 0.15 114.33 56.58
9 Syzigium polyanthum 2.36 0.24 673.33 46.50
10 Dipterocarpus retusa 8.56 2.87 0.32 805.50 36.63
11 Shorea leprosula 7.91 1.19 0.08 371.83 35.02 12 Litsea sp 6.81 2.65 0.25 399.83 37.62 13 Epipremnum
pinnatum 7.59 1.74 0.13 213.00 33.05
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Q Leaf (µmolm-2s-1)
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y = 64,72x - 85,74 R² = 0,421
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Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011
No Spesies Local Name CO2 Absorption
Carbon Sequestration
(t/ha) 1 Havea brasiliensis Karet 281.03
2 Havea brasiliensis Karet 186.66
3 Havea brasiliensis Karet 55.05
4 Gmelina arborea Gmelina 37.91
5 Albizia falcataria Sengon 145.93
6 Sweetenia mahagoni Mahoni 636.77
7 Pinus merkusii Pinus 370.77
8 Teobroma cacao cacao 139.12
9 Durio zibetinus Durian 568.97
10 zysigium aromaticum Cengkeh 28.79
11 Durio zibetinus Durian 22.91
12 Gnetum gnemon Melinjo 122.18
13 Agathys damara Damar 9.10
14 Pinus merkusii Pinus 18.07
15 zysigium aromaticum Cengkih 75.99
16 Toona sureni Suren 152.95
17 Cinnamomum burmannii Kayu manis 178.66
18 Hibiscus tiliaceus Waru 49.81
19 Manglid 75.42
20 Persea amerieana Alpukat 143.66
21 Pinus merkusii Pinus 260.36
22 Agathys damara Damar 811.67
23 Schima wallichii (DC) Puspa 664.91
24 Maesopsis eminii Manii 748.10
25 Agathis damara Damar 203.51
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26 Cinnamomum burmannii Kayu Manis 228.85
27 Shorea sp Meransi 88.16
28 Hopea bancana 72.01
29 Beilsemiedia roxburgiana 70.44
30 Hydnocarpus alpina 113.29
31 Tectona grandis Jati 274.32
32 Gyrinops verteegii Gaharu 1284.93
33 Kayu Putih 233.17
34 Lansium domesticum Duku 39.71
35 Gnetum gnemon Melinjo 20.05
36 Sandarium cuetjape Kecapi 12.48 18.21
37 Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan 4.27
38 Kihileut 153.61
39 Hopea odorata Thinganu 6.69 4545.19
40 Azadirachita exelca Kayu Bawang 5.04 429.99
41 Trachylobium verrucosum oliver 15.30 482.48
42 Hymenaea courbaril L Marasi 10.30 702.02
43 Khaya grandifolia Mahoni Afrika 10.02 1940.38
44 Shorea selanica Kayu bapa 11.95 664.59
45 Palaquium javance Nurck Nyatoh 8.91 468.63
46 Pterygota alata R.Br Hantap 8.23 355.69
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Syzigium polyanthum (wight)
walp Salam 9.24 349.86
48 Dipterocarpus letusus Kruing 8.56 606.66
49 Callophyllum tomentosum wight 209.07
50 Shorea balangeran Burck 206.43
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51 Epipremnum pinnatum Kenari 964.94
52 Khaya anthotheca (meliae) 964.34
53 Khaya ivarensie A. Cher 1443.92
54 Agathis damara Damar 1018.49
55 Mezzettia parviflora 350.31
56 Lagerstroemia speciosa Bungur 150.70
57 Kapok ceibapetandi 2993.76
58 Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume Kayu bapa 11.95 855.13
59 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus 610.04
60 Gionystilus macrophyllus 546.55
61 Termia isaemoachi 221.02
62 Eucaliptus alba 282.27
63 Samaea Saman 16.95 1895.06
64 Eusideroxylon zioaqeri Kayu ulin 136.58
65 Shorea balanqeran 389.68
66 Dipderocarpus gracilis 788.29
67 Diospyros celebica Bakh 160.47
68 Dipterocarpus clyeri Pierre 642.19
69 Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume 1229.24
70 Shorea leprosula Miq 7.91 3579.23
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71 Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb 1573.12
72 Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaerta.f 886.87
73 Litsea sp 6.81 781.18
74 Shorea leprosula Miq Meranti Tembaga 972.77
75 Shorea quiso (Bilco) Blume Meranti Guiso 455.02
76 Maranthes coryombsa (Blure Miq) 369.35
77 Schima walliechii Puspa 308.13
78 Anthocephalus cadamba Miq Jabon 291.01
79 Gluta walliechii 701.35
80 Gluta rengas L. 424.98
81 Tletona grandes Jati 436.04
82 Araucaria bidwilli Hook Bunya-bunya 2946.16
83 Agathis Borneensis Warb. 2786.70
84 Ecalyptus Saligna Sm. 2786.70
85 Lophostemon suaueolens 253.98
86 E. Pilularis Sm. 2241.01
87 Eucalyptus piperita Sm. 960.73
88 Eucalyptus cetriodora Hook 207.09
89 E. Punetata DC. 940.07
90 E. Microcorys 1195.39
91 Altingia exelsa Noronha Rasamala 1509.54
92 Schima wallichii (DC) Puspa 765.48
93 Castanopsin argentea Saninten 957.54
94 Toora surenii Suren 463.90
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Matoa
Samania saman jati
rasamala Nyamplung
16.45 µmolm-2s-1
Ketapang
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Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI
2011 Nuril Puslit Biologi LIPI 2011