Impact of U.S. Green Building Standards on Wood Adhesives ... GP Chemicals... · Impact of U.S....

©2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.

Impact of U.S. Green Building Standards

on Wood Adhesives

2013 Update

Ashlee Cribb & William Hull

International Wood Adhesives Conference

October 9-11, 2013

1

• Key Green Building Trends

• Green Building Regulations vs. Programs

• Key regulatory developments:

– CARB & federal composite wood rule

– Other state regulatory developments

• Green Building Programs

– Key changes for 2013-2014

• Resin Technologies

• Conclusion

Agenda

© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved. 2

Why Green Building?

• In the United States, buildings account for:

� 39% of total energy use

� 12% of the total water consumption

� 68% of total electricity consumption

� 38% of the carbon dioxide emissions

• Green Building can deliver significant benefits:

Source: US EPA, Environmental Information Administration, McGraw-Hill Construction

© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.

Commercial Residential

� Operating cost improvement

� Increased building values

� Higher occupancy & rent rates

� Occupant satisfaction

� Premium pricing

� Easier to market

� Higher perceived quality and

energy efficiency

3

$3

$25

$47

$60

$115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2008 2010 2012 2016(Est.)

$ in

Bil

lio

ns

Green Building Trends

Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, The Freedonia Group

• Research indicates that demand for green building continues to grow:

� $10B in 2005 to an estimated $85B in 2012

� Builders and architects will opt to earn high levels of LEED certification by specifying the use

of materials that earn LEED points

� Green building materials demand will grow 11 percent annually to $86.6 billion through

2017

U.S. Non-Residential Green Building


$7 $10

$14 $25

$88

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2008 2010 2012 2016(Est.)

$ in

Bil

lio

ns

U.S. Residential Green Building

4

U.S. Green Building & Composite Wood:

Regulations vs. Programs


Key Regulations

• California Air Resources Board Air Toxic Control Measure to Reduce Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products (“CARB”)

• U.S. Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products Act (to take effect one year after regulation finalized)

� Sets formaldehyde emission limits for particleboard, MDF, and hardwood plywood

� Mandatory requirement for board manufacturers and their downstream partners

Green Building Programs

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)

• GREEN GLOBES®

• National Green Building Standard®

• Others

� Point-based systems encompassing different building design variables, such as energy efficiency, materials selection, indoor air quality, etc.

� Voluntary standards

� But specified on many government projects and referenced in many municipalities

� Often pursued by building owners and architects

5

CARB Emission Standards

Reference: Environmental Information Administration (2008). EIA Annual Energy Outlook.Source: California Air Resources Board

CARB Phase 2 Emissions Standards

Emissions

Standards

(ppm)

ULEF – Reduced NAF & ULEF – Exempt

Cap

(ppm)

Target

(90% of Samples

– ppm)

Cap

(ppm)

Target

(90% of Samples

– ppm)

Particleboard 0.09 0.08 ≤ 0.05

0.06

≤ 0.04

Thin MDF 0.13 0.11 ≤0.08

MDF 0.11 0.09 ≤0.06

HWPW-VC0.05

0.05 0.05

HWPW-CC0.05

• Phase 2 standards are now in effect for all products included in the California Air

Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Reduce

Formaldehyde Emissions From Composite Wood Products

6© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.

Federal Formaldehyde Standards for

Composite Wood Products Act


Source: Formaldehyde Standards For Composite Wood Act; U.S. EPA

• Signed into law in 2010, becoming TSCA Title VI

• Intent was to codify the emissions standards of the CARB ATCM into federal

law in order to provide a level playing field across the U.S.

• The act specified:

� Formaldehyde emission standards for HWPW, PB, and MDF identical to CARB

Phase 2 limits

� Test methodology to be employed (ASTM E-1333 - large chamber)

• Law required EPA to implement regulations to cover a number of areas to

help ensure compliance with the formaldehyde emission standards

� Implementing regulations released on June 10, 2013 for 90-day public comment

period

7

• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions:


Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board



Key Area of

RegulationKey Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation

Laminated

Products

� EPA does not exempt certain “laminated products”� Wood/woody grass veneer attached to a composite or veneer

platform is considered a form of HWPW and is regulated

� Exception: laminated products using no-added formaldehyde adhesive

to affix wood veneer are exempt

� Defines laminated product as a component part used in the

construction or assembly of a finished good� Laminators and fabricators not exempt

Third-Party

Certification

Program (TPC)

� Under CARB, TPCs must be approved directly by CARB

� EPA proposes use of EPA-approved Accreditation Bodies (ABs) to

approve TPCs� TPCs already CARB-approved to be grandfathered for one year

8

• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions (cont’d):




Key Area of

RegulationKey Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation

NAF/ULEF

Provisions

� EPA includes path to exemption with use of NAF or ULEF resins

� However, TPCs are responsible for reviewing and approving

applications from panel producers

� ULEF reduced-testing option and inclusion of UF-based ULEF resins

have been retained, but EPA has requested input on these provisions

Test Methods/

Testing

Requirements

� EPA proposes additional international test methods be accepted (EN

717-2, EN 120, JIS A 1460) for QC testing

� EPA proposes reduced testing requirements for small HWPW

producers

� EPA proposes some greater flexibility in demonstration of test method

equivalence and to have TPCs determine equivalency

9Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board

• Proposed regulations differ from CARB in numerous provisions (cont’d):




Key Area of Regulation Key Differences Between CARB and Proposed Federal Regulation

Non-Complying Lots � EPA proposal requires panel producers to hold lots selected for

sampling until passing test results are received.

Recordkeeping and

Retention

� EPA proposes 3-year record retention period for all record

keeping requirements (CARB requires 2 years)

� EPA also requires that records be provided to purchasers upon

request (CARB requires disclosure only to CARB upon request)

Stockpiling � EPA bases the stockpiling provisions on a “manufactured-by

date,” as opposed to a “sell-by date” (as in CARB)

Hardboard Definition � EPA exempts HB based on revised ANSI A135.4 definition

10Source: U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board

• States are actively and increasingly pursuing broad chemicals

policy reforms

� Comprehensive and holistic approaches

� Protecting target populations

� Environmentally-preferable purchasing policies

� Restricting specific hazardous chemicals

� More information/disclosure on toxic chemicals

• Leading states include CA, WA, MA, ME, MN, NY, OR, MI and NC

State Regulatory Developments

Source: Koch Industries Public Sector; Ross Strategic for the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable and the Washington Department of Ecology; J. Tickner - Umass-Lowell


• In 2013, over 100 chemical restriction bills were introduced

– 19 enacted

• Chemicals in children’s products

• Flame retardants

• Cleaning Products in Schools (VT)

• Ingredient disclosures

– Includes MN law banning use of formaldehyde

in children’s products

• Legislation requiring chemical alternative assessments, with proposals in

other states:

– Maine: Kids’ Safe Products Act

– California: Safer Consumer Products Regulation


Source: Koch Industries Public Sector , J. Rinkevich - Scivera LLC; Image used with permission of Safer States


12



Source: KFrost - Smith, Gambrell, & Russell; California Dept. of Toxic Substances Control

• 5 Priority Products to be selected

initially; additional products in future

• Initial proposed Priority Product list to

be published 180 days after regulation

takes effect

California “Green Chemistry Initiatives”

• Intent: identify products with hazardous

chemicals and prompt producers to consider

safer alternatives

• Dept. of Toxic Substance Control will establish

a list of 1,200 “Candidate Chemicals”

• “Priority Products” containing Candidate

Chemicals will be selected

• “Priority Product” producers must evaluate

ways to remove the chemical or identify

alternative

• Regulatory response can include:

� Requiring consumer notification

� Restricting use

� Administrative controls

� End of life cycle disposal rules

� Mandating R&D for alternatives

13

Key U.S. Green Building Programs

• U.S. Green Building Council – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)

• Green Building Initiative– GREEN GLOBES®

• National Association of Home Builders– National Green Building Standard®

• Collaborative for High Performance Schools®

• ENERGY STAR®

• Living Building Challenge™

• Local or regional programs such as Earth Craft™ House

© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.14

41,798

23,412

3,700

4

0 10 20 30 40 50

LEED®

National Green Building

Standard®

Green Globes®

Living Building Challenge™

U.S. Green Building Programs

Relative usage of key programs in United States

Source: U.S. Green Building Council, Green Building Initiative, National Association of Home Builders, International Living Future Institute

Certified Projects


Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design (LEED®)

• 9 Rating Systems:

– New Construction (NC), Existing Buildings Operations & Maintenance (EB), Commercial Interiors (CI), Core and Shell (CS), Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes, Neighborhood Development

• Predominant green building program in U.S. in commercial construction:

– 41,798 Commercial LEED Registered Projects

– Significant adoption by government bodies

• Certification Levels

– Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum

Sources: U.S. Green Building Council, Gabriel Nelson – E&E Publishing


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Sustainable

Sites

Water

Efficiency

Energy

Efficiency

Materials

&

Resources

Indoor Env.

Quality

Design

Innov.

Regional

Priority

Key Credit Categories &

Point Distribution

16

LEED® 2009 &

Composite Wood Products

LEED Rating

SystemCREDIT

REQUIREMENTS POINTS

LEED 2009: NC, CI,

CS, RetailIEQ Credit 4.4/EQ Credit 4: Low-

Emitting Materials: Composite

Wood & Agrifiber Products

No-Added Urea Formaldehyde (NAUF)1

LEED 2009:

Schools

Meet requirements of Cal. DHS Standard Practice

for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from

Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental

Chambers, including 2004 Addenda

1

LEED 2009: CI,

Retail

IEQ Credit 4.5/EQ Credit 4: Low-

Emitting Materials: Furniture &

Seating

1. GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified®

2. Meet emissions limits based on BIFMA

testing protocol [ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 &

X7.1-2007] or EPA ETV Large Chamber Test

Protocol

1

LEED 2009: SchoolsIEQ Credit 4.5: Furniture &

Furnishings

1. GREENGUARD Children & Schools™ Certified

2. Meet emissions limits based on BIFMA

testing protocol [ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 &

X7.1-2007]

1

LEED 2008: HomesMR 2: Environmentally

Preferable Products

a) Cabinets, Counters & Trim – NAUF 0.5 per

component

Sources: LEED 2009 for New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Core & Shell, Schools, Retail, LEED for Homes, 2008


Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design (LEED®)

Sources: U.S. Green Building Council


Recent Interpretation Issued by USGBC for Composite Wood Credit (4/1/13):

Inquiry:

• “Are melamine urea formaldehyde with added urea formaldehyde acting as

a scavenger, and melamine formaldehyde with urea added as a scavenger to

bond with loose formaldehyde within a product, acceptable resin

technologies considered compliant with LEED EQc4.4?”

Ruling:

• “If the composite wood product using MUF can meet the testing

requirements and is found compliant with the (CARB ATCM) requirements

for no-added formaldehyde based resins or the requirements for ultra-low-

emitting formaldehyde resins (ULEF), the product can contribute to IEQ

credit 4.4.”

LEED® v.4 Additions Impacting Composite Wood

Products: Materials & Resources (MR)

Sources: U.S. Green Building Council; LEED® v4 Building Design & Construction


MR Credit Key Provisions

Building Product

Disclosure &

Optimization:

Material Ingredients

– Material Ingredient Reporting (1 pt.)

� Use products with demonstrated chemical inventory (published Manufacturer

Inventory, Health Product Declaration, Cradle to Cradle, or other approved

program)

– Material Ingredient Optimization (1 pt.)

� Use products that have no GreenScreen™ Benchmark 1 hazards, are Cradle to

Cradle certified, or contain no ingredients on REACH Authorization or

Candidate lists

– Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization (1 pt.)� Use products from manufacturers with EH&S programs documenting

ingredients used and have 3rd party verification of supply chain practices related to chemical safety and stewardship

Furniture and

Medical Furnishings

(1-2 pts.)

• Only applies to

Healthcare

– In 30-40% of freestanding furniture, by total cost, all components must:

� Contain less than 100 ppm in 4 of 5 stated chemical groups (including UF), or

� Contain less than 100 ppm in 2 of 5 stated chemical groups (including UF) and

comply with BIFMA e3-2010 Furniture Sustainability standard, or

� Qualify with Environmental Product Declaration or product-specific

declaration, materials re-use, recycled content, extended producer

responsibility, bio-based materials, or FSC certified wood

19

LEED® v.4 Changes Impacting Composite Wood

Products: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

IEQ: 2009

Low-Emitting Materials:

– Composite wood products (1 pt):

• Composite wood products shall use NAUF resins

– Furniture & seating (1 pt.):

• Option 1: Meet GREENGUARDIndoor Air Quality requirements

• Option 2: Meet formaldehyde emissions concentration limits:

� Furniture: .05 ppm

� Seating: .025 ppm

IEQ: v.4

Low-Emitting Materials (1-3 pts.):

– Built-In Cabinetry and Architectural Millwork:

• Use materials meeting ULEF or NAF requirements for CARB

– Furniture:

• Comply with sections 7.6.1 and 7.6.2 of BIFMA e3-2011 Furniture Sustainability Standard

– More weight for 7.6.2

Sources: U.S. Green Building Council; LEED® 2009 for Commercial Interiors, v4 Building Design & Construction


Recent Developments with LEED® and

Government Entities

Sources: K. Weeks - EcoBuildingPulse.com, U.S. Department of Energy, J. Miller - federalnewsradio.com,


• Recent General Services Administration review results in continued advocacy

for LEED

• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires U.S. GSA to

evaluate green building programs for the government’s use every five years

• Per EISA requirements, the GSA initiated new review in 2012

� Selected LEED, Green Globes®, and the Living Building Challenge™ for further

review

� Initial study found that Green Globes met more requirements for new

construction, while LEED met more requirements for existing buildings

• GSA’s Green Building Advisory Committee issued recommendation in May 2013

that LEED be used for all GSA buildings

• GSA Acting Administrator to make recommendation for one system, multiple

systems, or no systems to the U.S. Department of Energy

21

Recent Developments with LEED® and

Government Entities

Sources: W. Grayson, Equipmentworld.com


• …Meanwhile, LEED Experiences Some Pushback at State Level

• Georgia, Maine, Mississippi and Alabama have banned state construction

projects from requiring LEED certification due to exclusion of other wood

certification programs, such as Southern Forestry Initiative and the

American Tree Farm System

• Similar measure is working its way through the North Carolina

legislature

• Other measures in place in Florida and Alabama to address this issue

22

Green Globes®

• 3 Rating Systems – New Construction, Continual Improvement of Existing

Buildings (CIEB), CIEB for Healthcare

• Limited adoption in North America

– Currently 3700 total certified projects in U.S./Canada

• Updated New Construction standard introduced in June 2013

• Key Credits:

Sources: Green Building Initiative , GBI Green Globes For New Construction


Materials & Resources Indoor Environment: Low VOCs

• Multi-attribute certifications and/or 3rd-party

assessments for furnishings, finishes and fit-outs

• Potential Paths:

• Life cycle assessment (LCA) on at least two

alternative fit-outs and utilize best-run outcome

• 3rd-party peer reviewed LCA conforming to ISO

14040 and ISO 14044.

• Use of Environmental Product Declarations

(EPDs), third-party certifications, and/or LCA

analysis for materials and products

• Materials meet the emission requirements specified

using one of the following tests:

• Test method for California SP 01350

• GREENGUARD Environmental Institute Standard

Method

• 3rd party emissions certification from approved

products

� Excludes casework, cabinetry, and shelving

23

National Green Building Standard®

• Launched in 2009 as an approved ANSI Standard; updated in 2012

• Applies to residential buildings, building sites, subdivisions and renovations

• 23,412 certified projects

• Key Credits:

Source: NAHB, 2012 National Green Building Standard


Chapter 6: Resource

EfficiencyChapter 9: Indoor Environmental Quality

• Points earned for bio-based

materials (including

engineered wood) and use

of Life Cycle Analysis tools

• Wood Materials - applies to structural panels, countertops, composite

trim/doors, custom woodwork and or component closet shelving

– PB & MDF produced and labeled according to A208.1 and A208.2 (2

points); HWPW produced according to HPVA HP-1 (2 points)

– Meet CPA ECC standard (3 points)

– Composite wood or agrifiber panel products – NAUF or in accordance

with CARB Composite Wood regulation (4 points)

– Non-emitting products (4 points)

• Cabinets

– All parts made from solid wood or non-formaldehyde emitting

materials (5 points)

– Meet CARB Composite Wood regulation (3 points)

24

Low-Emitting Resin Technologies

• Formaldehyde-Based– Scavenger Systems

• Work with UF & MF resins

– Melamine Urea Formaldehyde• Advancements in efficiency and performance

– No-Added Urea Formaldehyde• Phenol Formaldehyde

• No-Added Formaldehyde– pMDI

– PAE-Soy

– PVA

– Other polymer systems

– Other bio-based systems

• Hybrid Systems


Formaldehyde-Based Resins

CARB Phase 2 & Federal Standard

LEED®

Green Globes®

National Green Building Standard®

2009: NC,

CI,CS, Home

2009: Schools, Retail

V.4

UF w/ New Scavenger Systems

√ X √ √ √ √

Melamine Urea Formaldehyde √ √ √ √ √ √

Melamine Formaldehyde w/ New Scavenger

Systems

√ X √ √ √ √

Phenol Formaldehyde √ √ √ √ √ √

X = does not qualify

√ = may enable compliance


CARB Phase 2 & Federal Standard

LEED®

GREEN GLOBES®

NATIONAL GREEN BUILDING STANDARD®

2009: NC,

CI,CS, Home

2009: Schools, Retail

V.4

LEAF®

C2

UF w/ Scavenger Systems

√ √ √ √ √

Melamine Urea Formaldehyde

√ √ √ √ √ √

LEAF®

ULEF

Melamine Urea Formaldehyde

√ √ √ √ √ √

MF w/ Scavenger Systems

√ √ √ √ √

Phenol Formaldehyde

√ √ √ √ √ √

LEAF® Resins may contribute

towards Green Building

√ = may enable compliance© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. All rights reserved.

27

• Green building continued to advance during the recent

downturn in the U.S., with growth projected to continue

• Key developments at the federal and state regulatory level

continue to impact wood adhesives

• Wood products can play an important role in achieving key

green building programs’ certifications

• These green building programs continue to evolve, with

several key changes proposed for 2013-2014

• Adhesive solutions have been developed to respond to the

opportunities and challenges in green building, with further

development ongoing

References: “Green Outlook 2009” McGraw Hill Construction

Conclusions


Contact Information

LEAF, the LEAF and Georgia-Pacific logos and bonds that last. advancements that work. are trademarks owned by or licensed to Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. The

information and technical data herein is believed to be accurate. It is offered for your consideration, investigation and verification. Buyer assumes all risk of use, storage and

handling of the product. NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as a license to operate under or recommendation to infringe any

patents.

LEED is a trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council.

The National Green Building Standard is a trademark of the National Association of Home Builders.

Green Globes is a trademark of the Green Building Initiative, Inc..

ENERGY STAR is a trademark of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Earth Craft House is a trademark of the Greater Atlanta Home Builders Association, Inc.

Living Building Challenge is a trademark of Cascadia Region Green Building Council (Cascadia) and International Living Building Institute (ILBI).

Collaborative for High Performance Schools is a trademark of Collaborative for High Performance Schools, Inc.

The GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified AND GREENGUARD Children & Schools are certification marks used under license through the GREENGUARD Environmental

Institute.

GreenScreen is a trademark of Clean Production Action, Inc.

Unless otherwise noted, all photos are property of Georgia-Pacific LLC and GP Chemicals LLC

William Hull

Marketing Manager

Georgia-Pacific Chemicals, LLC

133 Peachtree Street, 19th Floor

Atlanta, GA 30303

404-652-4799

[email protected]

© 2013 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC.

All rights reserved.

Ashlee Cribb

Business Manager

Georgia-Pacific LLC

133 Peachtree Street, NE, 19th floor

Atlanta, GA 30303

404-652-4341

[email protected]

29

Impact of U.S. Green Building Standards on Wood Adhesives ... GP Chemicals... · Impact of U.S....

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