IMMUNE SYSTEM Dr. Yıldıran1. 150 different intracellular signaling pathways Dr. Yıldıran2.
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Transcript of IMMUNE SYSTEM Dr. Yıldıran1. 150 different intracellular signaling pathways Dr. Yıldıran2.
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IMMUNE SYSTEM
Dr. Yıldıran 1
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150 different intracellular signaling pathways
150 different intracellular signaling pathways
Dr. Yıldıran 2
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Again turn thy vision a second time; (thy) vision will come back to thee dull and discomfited in a state worn out. (67-4)
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Human
• Genom
• Proteom
• Microbiome
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Microbiome
• More than 100 years ago, the human microbiome was defined as;
• living together with dissimilar organisms (symbiosis), or community of microbes and collection of genomes found in and on the human body.
Relman, 2012Dr. Yıldıran 5
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Immunity
• Host can recognize self/strange material from itself (microorganisms, antigens etc) and can destroy or make useful them.
• If this system cannot work properly:– Immune dysregulation
• Autoimmune disorders (more than 100)
• Allergy– Immune deficiencies
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Anatomy
• Lymphoid tissues- primary lymphoid tissues (bone marrow and thymus)- secondary lymphoid tissues
(spleen and lymph node)s)
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Organization of the body’s defenses
• Non-specific defenses: no need to decipher pathogen’s identity. - Physical barriers- Inflammation (in a separate lecture)- Natural cell killers (NK cells)- Complement system
• Specific defenses: Based on recognition of the pathogen’s identity– Humoral immunity– Cell-mediated immunity
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Main physiologic barriers
Hydrochloric acit Ciliar epithelia
Tears Normal floraDr. Yıldıran 9
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Non-specific immunity
(Innate) Specific
immunity
(Adaptive)
Immune System
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Stem cell
Myeloid progenitor
Pluripotent Stem cell
Lymphoid progenitor
Thymus
T lr
Granulosit-monosit CFUEozinofil CFUBazofil CFU
NötrofilEozinofilBazofil Monosit
e
B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
NK cells
Granulosit-monosit CFU
Cells of immune response develops from common
stem cell
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Immune Response
Abbas, 2003Dr. Yıldıran 12
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Specific Immunity
Abbas, 2003Dr. Yıldıran 13
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Weber State UniversityDr. Yıldıran 14
CellularHumoral
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(mg/
dl)
Maternal IgG
IgG (in child)
IgG
IgA
IgM
Month Month YearBirth
Mea
n s
eru
m im
mu
ngl
obu
lin
leve
l(m
g/d
l)Maternal IgG
IgG (ço
IgG
IgA
IgM
Y
Age
Postnatal Immunglobulin level changes
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• Chemotaxis
• Adhesion
• Phagocytosis
• Microbicidal killing
Phagocytic system
Mainly bacterial and fungal pathogensDr. Yıldıran 16
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Chronic granulomatous diseaseChronic granulomatous disease
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Complement system
• Of nine substantial, many blood proteins
• Opsonization• Chemotaxis• Neutrolization• Lysis of bacteria and
cells• Anaphylotoxin
• Complement system also promotes inflammation
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PIDPrimary Immunodeficiencies
• Rarely seen genetic and variable diseases • Incidense 1/2-10.000 live birth• Most important signal is infection.• More than 200 diseases
Samarghtiean, 2009Dr. Yıldıran 19
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Clinical Presentation
• Serious overwhelming recurrent life-threatening infections of predominantly respiratory, GI or skin system.
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Common Infection
• In one year:
– More than two severe infections
– More than three RTI (sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis)
– Antibiotic need more than two months
Dr. Yıldıran Stiehm, Uptodate, 201221
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Think imunodeficiency
Dr. Yıldıran
Buckley, IDF, 2009
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ESID Classification
Primary Immunodeficiencies
1 Predominantly T cell deficiencies
2 Antibody deficiencies
3 Other well defined immundeficiencies
4 Complement deficiencies
5 Phagocytic disorders
6 Autoimmune and immundysregulation disorders
7 Autoinflammatory diseases
More than 200 diseases
More than 200 diseases
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• Common infection• Recurrent absscess• Persistent moniliasis• Persistent diarrhea • Prolonged and/or severe infection• Unusual pathogen• İllness after live vaccine
Need for immunological evaluation
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PID Samples
• Bruton diseases: Agammaglobulinemia
• SCID: T cells absent
• Hereditary Angioedema: C1inh absent
• CVID: B cell dysfunction
• Di George Syndrome: 22q11del, thymus hipoplasia
• CGD: NADPH oxidase deficiency
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Secondary ID
Dr. Yıldıran Stiehm, Uptodate, 201226
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AIDS
• HIV destroys CD4 T cells (adaptive immunity!)
• Virus contaminates from blood products, sexually or vertically in delivery of newborn.
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Related Lectures
• Immunodeficiencies
• Complement system
• Innate immune system
• Adaptive immune system
• Immunoglobulins
• Self-tolerance
• Hypersensitivity reactions
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