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HALIFAX WATERFRONT PROJECT Hal i fa x Nova Scotia

Restoration Proposa I & Specification

Restoration Services Division

Technical Services Branch

Indian and Northern Affairs

Indian and Northern Affairs

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H A L I F A X W A T E R F R 0 N T P R 0 J E C T

J. M. G.

R. K. M.

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA

RESTORATION PROPOSAL AND SPECIFICATIONS

RESTORATION SERVICES DIVISION TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS

DALIBARD CHIEF RESTORATION ARCHITECT WEIL HEAD, GENERAL PERIODS STRUCTURES SHEMDIN PROJECT RESTORATION ARCHITECT

PECK RECORDING TEAM CAPTAIN ELDER RESTORATION ARCHITECT SOUCY RESTORATION ARCHITECT

NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES SERVICES NATIONAL AND HISTORIC PARKS BRANCH

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS

S. BUGGEY PROJECT HISTORIAN

May 197"3

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H A L I F A X W A T E R F R 0 N T P R 0 J E C T

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA

RESTORATION PROPOSAL AND SPECIFICATIONS

RESTORATION SERVICES DIVISION TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS

J. DALIBARD M. WElL G. SHEMDIN

R. PECK K. ELDER M. SOUCY

CHIEF RESTORATION ARCHITECT HEAD, GENERAL PERIODS STRUCTURES PROJECT RESTORATION ARCHITECT

RECORDING TEAM CAPTAIN RESTORATION ARCHITECT RESTORATION ARCHITECT

NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES SERVICES NATIONAL AND HISTORIC PARKS BRANCH

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS

S. BUGGEY PROJECT HISTORIAN

May 197"3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................•......•• , . . . . . . 2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . 4

INTRODUCTION • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . 8

SOURCE MATERIAL ...•..........••. , • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PHILOSOPHY .........•.........•... , ................ .

THE RESTORATION SITE .•.................•...........

HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE STRUCTURES ........ .

THE STRUCTURES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Pickford & Black Building .........••••....... Carpenters' Shop ..................... , ...... . Collins' Bank and Warehouse •................. Red Stores .................................. . Simons' Building ............................ . Privateer's Warehouse ....................... . Wooden Storehouse ........................... .

APPENDICES

A. Architectural Site Analysis,

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15

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83

130 150 191 235 276 302

Test Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 B. Material Sample Analysis ..................... 336 C. Bibliographical Essay ............•........... 343

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Aerial view of Halifax waterfront, 1972.

A Plan of the Batteries Erected in the Front of the Town of Halifax 1755.

J.F.W. Desbarres. The Harbour of Halifax, 1779.

A Plan of the Peninsula upon which the Town of Halifax is situated, showing the Harbour, the Naval-Yard, and the several works constructed for their defence. 1784.

Plan of the Wharfs and Buildings in the Front and near the Centre of the Town of Halifax (1803).

Plan of the Proposed Addition to Messrs. Prescot (sic) Lawson and Clarke's Wharves, Halifax , 1809.

Royal Engineer's Department Plan showing buildings adjoining the Ordnance Yard, Halifax, 1812.

Royal Engineer's Department Plan showing buildings adjoining the Ordnance Yard, Halifax, 1814.

Plan of Town of Halifax including North and South Suburbs 1830.

General Plan of the Town and Suburbs of Halifax, Nova Scotia showing the relative situations of the different Ordnance Properties therein, No. 8, 1831.

Plan accompanying Deed of Transfer, R.W. Fraser to William Tarr and William Chisholm, with information added from Deed, 1859.

Plan of the City of Halifax ea. 1863.

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Plan of Proposed Drainage System foT Halifax, 1866.

City Atlas of Halifax, Nova Scotia, from actual surveys and records by H.W. Hopkins (Halifax, 1878) Plate B.

Map of Halifax City (by) Charles E. Goad. (1889) Block 112.

Insurance Plan of the City of Halifax, Nova Scotia (by) Charles E. Goad. (London, 1895), Block 112.

Insurance Plan of the City of Halifax, Nova Scotia (by) Charles E. Goad. (London 1914), Block 112.

Plan accompanying Deed of Transfer, R.L.H. Collins to Melvin S. Clar, 1943

Plan of the Restoration Site compiled from Deeds of Transfer and Legal Agreements, 1753-1822.

Plan of Water Lots 1809-1909.

21 Test pit at Door (Dl03) of Simon's Building.

22 Test pit at Door (Dl07) of Collins' Building.

23 Test pit at Door (Dl03) of Pickford & Black Building.

24 - Restoration Design Proposal and Specification. 27

28 A Section of the Panoramic View of the City of Halifax Nova Scotia 1879.

29 Letterhead of the Firm of Pickford & Black, 188 .

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30 The Pickford & Black Building as it appeared ea. 1890.

31 A Sketch of Pickford & Black's Office, ea. 1900.

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The Interior of Pickford & Black's Office before renovation, ea. 1902.

The Interior of Pickford & Black's Office after renovation, ea. 1910.

The Interior of Pickford & Black's Office, 1930.

The Pickford & Black Wharf, ea. 1895.

Black Brothers' Wharf adjoining the Pickford & Black Wharf to the South, ea. 1900.

The "Fastnet".

38 The Pickford & Black Wharf, ea. 1900.

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Pickford & Black Wharf from the East after the Fire in September 1904.

Harry I. }~thers, of I.H. ~thers & Son, in front of the "Carpenters' Shop", 1911.

41 Burned Cotton unloaded from the S.S. Sowwell, 1913.

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The Eastern Extremity of the Pickford & Black Wharf.

The Eastern Section of the Pickford & Black Wharf at the Greatest Length.

44 Collins' Bank and Warehouse as it appeared ea. 1900.

45 The "Red Store" as it appeared in February 1914, after an unusually heavy snowstorm.

46 The Plan of the Roof agreed upon by William Clark and Enos Collins in 1854 to connect the Simon's and Collins' Stone Buildings.

47 A Sketch of the Simon's Building, ea. 1887.

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The Simon's Building as it appeared ea. 1909.

View of Water Street at the north end of Bedford Row, (from a postcard), ea. 1885.

Tobin's wharf, Upper Water Street, late 19th century.

51 Samuel Cunard's office and warehouse, Upper '\!later Street, before 1917.

52 Cronan's Wharf, early 20th century.

53 Morse's teas, opposite the head of the Pickford & Black Wharf, 1925.

54 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, 1929.

55 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, 1929.

56 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, 1929.

57 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, ea. 1930.

58 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, 1931.

59 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, after 1938.

60 Aerial view of Halifax Waterfront, 1947.

61 Aerial view of the Halifax Waterfront, ea. 1965.

62 Pickford & Black, north elevation, 1972.

63 Pickford & Black, west elevation, 1968.

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64 -67

68 -70

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73 -74

75 -77

78 -95 -

94 -96

97 -99

Pickford & Black, Summary Recording Drawings, 1972.

Pickford & Black, Alternative Number One (1830), Conjectural Drawings.

Pickford & Black, Alternative Number Two (1880), Conjectural Drawings.

Pickford & Black, Alternative Number Three (1904-5), Conjectural Drawings.

Pickford & Black, Alternative Number Four (1938), Conjectural Drawings.

Pickford & Black, Alternative Number Five, Restoration Proposal and Specification Drawings.

Carpenters' Shop, North Elevation, 1968.

Carpenters' Shop, Summary Recording Drawings , 1972.

100 - Carpenters' Shop, 1904, Conjectural Drawings. 101

102 - Carpenters' Shop, Restoration Proposal and 109 Specification Drawings.

110 Collins' Building, South Elevation, 1972.

111 Collins' Building, West Elevation, 1972.

112 - Collins' Building, Summary Recording Drawings, 114 1972.

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118-120

121 -123

124 -132

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Collins' Building, Alternative Number One (ea. 1823), Conjectural Drawings.

Collins' Building, Alternative Number Three (1855), Conjectural Drawings.

Collins' Building, Alternative Number Five (1972), Conjectural Drawings.

Collins' Building, Alternative Number Four, Restoration Proposal and Specification Drawings.

Red Store, South Elevation, 1968.

Red Store, North and East Elevation, 1970.

135 - Red Store, Summary Recording Drawings, 1972. 138

139 -142

143 -146

147 -150

151 -165

Red Store, Alternative Number One (1831), Conjectural Drawings.

Red Store, Alternative Number Two (1879), Conjectural Drawings.

Red Store, Alternative Number Three (ea. 1890), Conjectural Drawings.

Red Store, Restoration Proposal and Specification Drawings.

166 Simon's Building, North Elevation, 1972.

167 Simon's Building, West Elevation, 1968.

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168- Simon's Building, Summary Recording Drawings, 1972. 170

171- Simon's Building, Alternative Number One (1855), 172 Conjectural Drawings.

173- Simon's Building, Alternative Number Two (ea. 1880), 174 Conjectural Drawings.

175- Simon's Building, Alternative Number Three (1934-1972), 176 Conjectural Drawings.

177 - Simon's Building, Restoration Proposal and Specification 190b Drawings.

191 Privateer's Warehouse, North Elevation , 1968.

192 -Privateer's Warehouse, Summary Recording Drawings, 1972. 194

195 Privateer's Warehouse, Conjectural appearance of

196 Privateer's Warehouse, Conjectural appearance of ea. 1949-1972.

197 -Privateer's Warehouse, Restoration Proposal and 207 Specification Drawings.

208 Wooden Storehouse, North Elevation, 1972.

209 Wooden Storehouse, East Elevation, 1972.

210 - Wooden Storehouse, Summary Recording Drawings, 212 1972.

213 - Wooden Storehouse, Alternative Number One (1831 -216 ea. 1895), Conjectural Drawings.

1929.

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218-221

222 -233

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Wooden Storehouse, Alternative Number Two (ea. 1895), Conjectural Drawings.

Wooden Storehouse, Alternative Number Three (ea. 1895-1972), Conjectural Drawings.

Wooden Storehouse, Restoration Proposal and Specification Drawings.

Restoration design drawing for the Wooden Storehouse, Privatees Warehouse, and the Simons Building.

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INTRODUCTION

From the founding of Halifax in 1749 until at least World War I, the portion of the Halifax waterfront designated for restoration was associated with men and events prominent in the commercial and civic life of the city. Aldermen and mayors, legislators and councillors, consuls and a member of parliament have all had business offices there. Merchants and shipping men of international connection and repute have centred their firms there. The owners of the more northerly wharf have consistently been men of extensive commercial interests and high repute. Those of the more southerly wharf have been men, in addition, of great wealth and significant influence.

~IDreover, activities on the wharfs have been associated with many aspects of the city's development. The SHANNON'S storied capture of the American frigate CHESAPEAKE, whose stores and provisions were auctioned on Collins' wharf, stimulated the town's new confidence derived from prosperous trading during the Napoleonic wars.l The sailing of the first Nova Scotian ship to India from Clark's wharf in 1825 denoted expansion of the province's shipping to the Seven Seas, the basis of its mid 19th century prosperity.2 The Nova Scotian-built DAYSPRING, moored at Collins' wharf in 1863 before departing for Australia and the New Hebrides, symbolized the province's strong religious heritage.3 By the late 19th century carts and wagons, horses and men lined Water Street daily to carry their goods to and from the pioneering steamers run by Pickford & Black to the West Indies. (Fig. 38) From sailmaking and shipbuilding to lobster packing, lumber importation, and the voluminous dry goods and grocery trade which flourished or failed according to economic fluctuations, the wharfs have known the many long, and sometimes short, term interests of the Halifax commercial community.

The wharfs have, furthermore, many legendary associations. From privateering to rum-running, they have reflected proximity to the sea and the town's strategic location. The mid 19th century o~mer of the southern wharf was himself a man of whom many stories have been told. Reputedly by influence of the Lieutenant-Governor of the day and in the interest of the province, Enos Collins was seated at the conservative but influential Council Board and married to the daughter of the future Chief Justice and niece of the Bishop of Nova Scotia during the 1820's. With one of the several Nova Scotian fortunes acquired from patriotic privateering during the Napoleonic Wars, he invested in commercial enterprises and transacted in property for more than half a century until, when he died in 1872, he was believed to be the wealthiest man in British North America.4

The southern wharf -whether Brymer's in the late 18th century, Collins' in the early and mid 19th century, or Pickford & Black's in the late 19th and 20th century- was always one of the most important on the Halifax waterfront. Though not apparently the most significant of the town, it was the focus for the central areas of the waterfront, of which the Plant wharf on the south and Cunard's wharf on the north were the contrasting foci. It was in many respects e typical wharf of the town, differing from others primarily in its volume of trade and its solidity of construction. Fancifully considered to have been constructed of stone brought from the French fortress at Louisbourg, the buildings about to be restored remain a tribute to the foresight, wealth, and influence of their 19th century creators.

~fuile some individual warehouses remain standing in Halifax, the Waterfront project buildings are the last complex of the typical nineteen century warehouses to survive in the City. There are seven buildings in the complex - Privateers' ~larehouse 1816, Collins' Bank and Warehouse, Pickford &

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Black Office and Warehouse and Wooden Storehouse 1830, Red Store 1831, Simon"rsl854, Carpenters'Shop 1904. The build­ings which were erected over a period of ninety years between the second decade of nineteenth century and the early years of the .twer.tieth century have served numerous functions and owners. The buildings have changed names over the years, and have survived extensive renova­tions, fires, and even explosions.

In 1962 and 1963 at the request of the ~~ritime Museum in Halifax, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada studied reports on some of the buildings in the Waterfront area. They were the buildings which the Museum wanted to occupy after being obliged to vacate the Halifax Citadel. At its October 1963 meeting the Monuments Board considered these buildings of National Historic importance and desired "to see representative specimens preserved by the minister offering the co-operation of the Federal Government to the City and Province". The Board further recommended "the department communicate with the Provincial and City authorities, inquiring of their plans for urban development in the area". It was learned upon inquiry that the City had been planning a "Harbour Drivetl or "Port Way" which would affect the harbour area where the historic buildings are located, demolishing whole blocks, including almost all the historic buildings considered by the Board.

In January, 1964 the City recognized the need to preserve part of the complex and acquired two of the buildings - the Privateer1s and the Wooden Storehouse. In August 1964, however, it was learned that the City had advised the Maritime Museum that it would not be possible to obtain the old buildings and to submit a proposal for a new building to be erected on the adjacent 0 r driance Yard Property. At the same time the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia presented a brief by Mr. Louis Collins to the Development Committee of the Halifax City Council and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs which protested the loss of the buildings in the Complex. In November 1964, the City intended to

proceed with the Harbour Drive. In September 1965, the City Council formed an "advisory committee for the Preservation of Historic Buildings" to see that the historic heritage would not unnecessarily be sacrificed in the redevelopment program. The committee requested from the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs a new survey. The Department, having made two studies declined to carry out a third, however, it announced that it was ready to bear half the costs of the restoration and undertake operation and maintenance.

In 1968, the Heritage Trust and the "Committee of Concern" requested that the new driveway avoid damaging the historical building:; including Collins', Simon 's, and Pickford & Black Buildings. Total estimated cost for restoration was 1 to 2 million dollars. The Halifax firm Keith Graham and Associates conducted a feasibility study on the buildings. It discussed the historical and architectural assessments, the rehabilitation and restoration possibilities, and cost estimates both for renovation and requisition of 1,125,000 dollars which to be shared by the Department.

In January 1969, a copy of the Keith Graham Study was forwarded to the Mayor. In April a Feasibility Study by the Civic Advisory Committee for Preservation of Historic Buildings recommended the preservation of the historic buildings. The Waterfront complex was the subject of a complete review by the Halifax City Council meeting as a Committee on April 1969. The Committee proposed that the historic buildings specified in the Keith Graham Report be retained, preserved, and re-used on their existing site, however, the implementation of this policy was dependent upon financial participation by private enterprise. In addition, the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs was to prepare the call for proposals. If no satisfactory response was received after six months from the issue of the Call for Proposals, uses of the land other than preservation were to be considered.

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In June 1969, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada recommended that the entire complex is of national historical and architectural significance. The Board also announced that while it is likely that any development pro­gram will proceed on a phased basis, the integrity of the complex would have to be guaranteed. Significant changes in levels of City streets or buildings would invalidate their national significance. Also proposal to use fill on the harbourside of the complex to develop additional land area would similarly negate their value. As a result in July 1969 City Council of Halifax approved a recission of the resolution about-grade and line - Margison Plan -Harbour Drive - Courthouse to Cogswell Street interchange.

In March 1971 the Chairman of the Waterfront Buildings Committee of the Landmarks Commission, the Chairman of the Commission, and the Chief Restoration Architect of the Federal Department met to determine details of the Department's section of the Call for Proposal, most important of which was the Department's detailed restoration specification. The Department also introduced as a condi­tion of their participation, an offer to conduct a detailed as found survey. These drawings would subsequently serve as working drawings for the developer at the Department's expense. These services were to be provided after a successful Proposal had been selected by the City.

In May 1971, the Call for Proposals was prepared by the Waterfront Buildings Committee of Halifax Landmark Commission and was issued on behalf of the City of Halifax by the Halifax Landmarks Commission.

The report contained:

a. Historical, physical and planning information for the area, site, and the buildings.

b. Development and requirements sought in the preservation of the complex.

c. Philosophy, financing, and cost estimates.

In September 1971, the Halifax Landmark Commission received proposals from - A. Steven and Fiske Construction Company Limited, and B. Harbourside (1850) Halifax Limited.

The Halifax Landmark Commission recommended the Steven & Fiske proposal to the City Council. The Department asked for certain changes in the proposals before being fully accepted, and that the quality and quantity of restoration activities would be controlled by the Department instead of the developer.

The Restoration Proposal and Specification report in hand was prepared by the Restoration Services Division in July 1972.

This report contains the philosophy of the project, a discussion of the source material used in the preparation of the work, an architectural analysis of the site and each of the structures, and a restoration proposal for the treatment of the site and each of the buildings.

The purpose of the philosophy developed for the project was: a. To recapture the nineteenth century traditional atmosphere of the Waterfront buildings which will be restored to different periods of nineteenth and early twentieth century, b. To preserve as much of the historic fabric in each building as possible, c. To have the restored parts in the historic buildings compatible and sympathetic to the original, d. To have the new buildings, to be added to the complex, compatible to the old structures.

The source material consists of: a. Summary Recording and photo reports of t he present state. b. historical report on the site, the structures, and the building materials,

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c. an architectural analysis of the site and each of the structures, and d. an appendix of the Material Sample Analysis.

The Architectural Analysis synthesized all the sources of information to approach the restoration proposal. The final section in the individual report is the restoration proposal and specifications, the main objects of the report.

Different approaches have.been discussed and recommended as a restorat1on proposa~ 1n each of the buildings. It is chosen according to the amount of informa­tion available and the physical condition of the building. The specification drawings give detailed information for the restoration of the exterior fabric of the buildings, certain interior details, and the historical structural systems.

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ENDNOTES: INTRODUCTION

Auction notice, Acadian Recorder, 3 July 1813.

Editorial notice, Acadian Recorder, 25 June 1825.

"The Mission Vessel", The Presbyterian Witness and Evangelical Advocate, 7 November 1863.

Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. X (Toronto: University Press, 1972).

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SOURCE MATERIAL

A. Summary Recording

The drawings of the Summary Recording were prepared in the period from October to July 1972 by the As Found team of the Restoration Services Division; the Team was comprised of Ron Peck as the team captain and 8 team members. The drawings show the buildings as they looked at the time the work was carried out. Less obvious recent storage shelving and temporary parti­tionings have been omitted from the drawings. Some contemporary construction was removed to facilitate measuring, and to expose original fabric and details for more complete recording.

B. Historical Research

A report on the history of the vlaterfront site and structures was prepared by Susan Buggey of the Research Division, National Historic Sites Service. A variety of documentary and iconographic materials provided evidence regarding the owners, occupants, and evolution of the wharves and buildings. Historic photographs, maps, newspapers, directories and interviews with men long familiar with the site proved particularly useful. Records of property transactions, the British Ordnance Department, Haligonian business firms, city and federal government departments were also productive. By December 1972 a compilation of information about building materials available in Halifax 1800-1865 had also been drawn, principally from local newspapers of the period. The historical research afforded a primary means of determining the evolution of the site and structures as well as their appearance in various periods.

C. Architectural Investigation

The Architectnr.al Investigation was carried out by Restoration Architects Gouhar Shemdin, Michel Soucy, and Ken Elder of the Restoration Services Division from January- July 1972. The work on the seven buildings, the landscaping, the wharves, and the site included:

a. Examination of the structures and the site for the condition of materials, the failure and defects of the structural systems, and the alterations made on them through the time.

b. Excavation of test pits to determine the original and later grade levels.

c. Preparation of material samples for laboratory analysis.

d. Relation of historical and Summary Recording information to the actual structures and the sites. The Architectural Investigation synthesized the information for the recommended Restoration Proposals, and the structural possibilities for rehabilitation purposes.

D. Material Sample Analysis

A report on the material sample analysis ~as prepared by Bob Orr of the Architectural Research Section, Restora­tion Services Division. Samples of wood, stone, mortar, and plaster were analyzed in the National Research Centre Laboratories.

The Material Sample Analysis provided information about the original building materials, and served as a reference guide to material specifications for the Restoration design project.

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PHILOSOPHY

The philosophy of restoration and revitalization of the Halifax Waterfront project is developed specifically for the project with relation to the factors and elements involved.

Int reduction

In cities like Halifax, built from the sea, the waterfront was the centre of the action. What truly links generations is the quality of being alive and realizing that others, like us, lived. So to keep the streets naturally alive is the essence of the restoration. This means, in the abstract, the preservation of the movement, form, mass, scale, colour, speed and sound in the complex. Though the subjects which moved a century and a half ago were different, the important factor is the activity.

The educational philosophy is to offer personal experience in confronting the visitors with their past. There should be no gates to step into an0ther century or lessons to bring people to their own life roots. We should be confi­dent that people learn by finding their own way.

1. General Character

The Halifax Waterfront buildings are unique. The new character of the complex should be determined by its historicity and its connection with the sea. \Vhile the past cannot be recreated, the traditional character can be kept or even captured by careful treatment of the interior and exterior appearance and fabric, of buildings, streetscapes, and street furniture. The new function of the buildings should not interfere with this character.

2 . Historic Structures

a) Exterior Appearance and Fabric

The most important consideration of this project is to preserve as much of the historic fabric of each building as possible . As the result of this approach, the buildings will not all be restored to the same date. Rather each date to which the individual building is to be restored will be considered in the light of the available documentary evidence, the architectural investigation, and the surviving fabric of the structure.

There may be several alternative periods to which each building could be restored. A building may be restored to a period which has features of earlier periods. Wherever features are to be restored, reconstructed, or added, the new detail must match the material and design of the original and be sympathetic with the existing fabric and appearance.

b) Interior Appearance and Fabric

vfuile it may be difficult to preserve some interior details of the buildings, the structural members and floors should be preserved wherever possible. Hhere existing interior details are incompatible with the new functions or the design of the interior, the best recourse would be to leave them in place and cover them up with new materials.

Wherever features are to be restored or reconstructed, the new details must match the material and design of the original and be sympathetic with it.

Where ne\v additions are added to the historic structures, which are not part of the restoration of the building, they should be treated as modern

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details. These must be sympathetic to the original, without imitating or reproducing the original members.

3. New Buildings

a) Orientation

The orientation of the new buildings should reflect traditional atmosphere, and should not conflict with the existing relationship of buildings in the complex.

b) Mass and Form

The form and massing of the new buildings should be similar to those of the existing structures.

c) Scale

The scale of the buildings and the individual elements should be the same as that of the existing structures.

d) Colour and Texture

The colour and texture should be sympathetic with, but not necessarily similar to, the materials on the old structures.

4. Landscape

a) Ground Surfaces (of the old and new areas and of the wharves). The materials of the ground surfaces related to the existing structures sho11ld be historically accurate to the original, given an acceptable degree of practicality.

b) Street Furniture

The new street furniture should be sympathetic with the traditional atmosphere.

c) Circulation

d)

The circulation should be designed for pedestrian traffic from the street, the courthouse and the water, without conflict between pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

Vistas

The vistas to the bay should maintain the tradi­tional relationship between the buildings, the street, and the water.

e) Marina and Ferry

The marina and ferry should serve the activity on the site and add to the traditional atmosphere of the waterfront.

5. Function

The use of each historic building shoLud be considered in terms of its capability of fulfilling the needs of its new function efficiently, without disturbing any of its original characters or features. The new functions given to the old and new buildings should control the activity in the site. Activity should not interfere with the traditional activity and feeling of the water­front site.

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