1.

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

A)

inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.

B)

mental ability to learn from experience.

C)

general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.

D)

multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.

2.

Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

A)

heritability estimates

B)

reliability coefficients

C)

intelligence tests

D)

the g factor

3.

Spearman's g factor refers to

A)

the genetic contribution to intelligence.

B)

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

C)

a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.

D)

the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

4.

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities?

A)

L. L. Thurstone

B)

Charles Spearman

C)

Howard Gardner

D)

Robert Sternberg

5.

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

A)

derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age.

B)

develop test norms from a standardization sample.

C)

identify clusters of closely related test items.

D)

provide a numerical estimate of heritability.

6.

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

A)

the normal curve.

B)

the Flynn effect.

C)

standardization.

D)

factor analysis.

7.

L. L. Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities, including word fluency, memory, and inductive reasoning. He claimed that word fluency

A)

underlies all of our intelligent behaviors.

B)

is the most difficult mental ability to assess reliably.

C)

involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning.

D)

is not actually a form of intelligence.

8.

Satoshi Kanazawa claims that people's scores on the general intelligence factor are most highly correlated with their ability to solve ________ problems.

A)

emotional

B)

sexual

C)

social

D)

novel

9.

In 8 to 10 seconds, the late memory whiz Kim Peek could read and remember the contents of a book page. Yet, he had little capacity for understanding abstract concepts. Kim's mental capacities best illustrate

A)

autism.

B)

Down syndrome.

C)

emotional intelligence.

D)

savant syndrome.

10.

People with savant syndrome are best described as those who demonstrate

A)

high levels of emotional intelligence.

B)

difficulty remembering past experiences.

C)

an exceptional specific skill.

D)

a lack of numerical ability.

11.

Twenty-five-year-old Alexandra has an intellectual disability and can neither read nor write. However, after hearing lengthy, unfamiliar, and complex musical selections just once, she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Alexandra is

A)

gifted with a superior level of Spearman's g factor.

B)

demonstrating a high level of emotional intelligence.

C)

above average in her capacity for divergent thinking.

D)

someone with savant syndrome.

12.

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

A)

a diverse set of distinct abilities.

B)

largely unpredictable and unmeasurable.

C)

a culturally constructed concept.

D)

dependent upon the speed of cognitive processing.

13.

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences.

A)

three

B)

five

C)

eight

D)

twelve

14.

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

A)

Spearman's concept of general intelligence.

B)

Binet's concept of mental age.

C)

Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.

D)

Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.

15.

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes

A)

minimizing one's negative emotions.

B)

spatially analyzing visual input.

C)

intrinsic motivation.

D)

behaving morally.

16.

By demonstrating both intelligence and grit, highly successful people demonstrate the importance of both ability and

A)

validity.

B)

heritability.

C)

motivation.

D)

aptitude.

17.

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence.

A)

intrapersonal

B)

creative

C)

spatial

D)

musical

18.

Which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

A)

Jamal, a student who quickly recognizes the correct answers to multiple-choice test questions

B)

Gareth, a graduate student who generates many creative ideas

C)

Shelley, a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources

D)

Cindy, a young mother who prefers cleaning her house to supervising her children

19.

Compared with traditional college entrance exams, assessments that include tests of Sternberg's three intelligences reveal ________ ethnic group differences in intelligence and ________ accurate prediction of American students' first-year grades.

A)

increased; less

B)

reduced; less

C)

increased; more

D)

reduced; more

20.

Compared with Gardner, Sternberg has identified ______ independent dimensions of intelligence and his forms of intelligence have been ______ reliably measured.

A)

more; more

B)

fewer; less

C)

more; less

D)

fewer; more

21.

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called

A)

convergent thinking.

B)

fluid intelligence.

C)

factor analysis.

D)

creativity.

22.

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

A)

the Flynn effect.

B)

divergent thinking.

C)

predictive validity.

D)

factor analysis.

23.

Injury to the left ________ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on intelligence tests.

A)

frontal

B)

parietal

C)

occipital

D)

temporal

24.

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of

A)

creativity.

B)

predictive validity.

C)

savant syndrome.

D)

the g factor.

25.

The most creative scientists are those who

A)

investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge.

B)

are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.

C)

have little tolerance for ambiguity.

D)

demonstrate low levels of practical intelligence.

26.

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness is most likely to promote

A)

extrinsic motivation.

B)

hybrid vigor.

C)

factor analysis.

D)

creativity.

27.

An important aspect of social intelligence is called

A)

the g factor.

B)

analytical intelligence.

C)

hybrid vigor.

D)

emotional intelligence.

28.

When Professor McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Professor McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates

A)

analytical intelligence.

B)

divergent thinking.

C)

emotional intelligence.

D)

factor analysis.

29.

The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic of

A)

emotional intelligence.

B)

heritability.

C)

savant syndrome.

D)

divergent thinking.

30.

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

A)

convergent thinking.

B)

the g factor.

C)

mental age.

D)

emotional intelligence.

31.

The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for

A)

lacking definitional clarity.

B)

being indistinguishable from analytical intelligence.

C)

being difficult to measure reliably.

D)

extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills.

32.

Efficient communication between brain centers requires ample white matter containing

A)

neural cell bodies.

B)

fluid intelligence.

C)

sensory neurons.

D)

axons.

33.

Associations between intelligence and brain size are most notable in specific areas within the

A)

frontal and temporal lobes.

B)

parietal and occipital lobes.

C)

frontal and parietal lobes.

D)

temporal and occipital lobes.

34.

The lower region of the ________ lobe is a center for processing mathematical and spatial information.

A)

frontal

B)

parietal

C)

occipital

D)

temporal

35.

Brain size (adjusted for body size) is ________ correlated with intelligence. The speed of taking in perceptual information is ________ correlated with intelligence.

A)

positively; negatively

B)

negatively; positively

C)

positively; positively

D)

negatively; negatively

36.

Brain scans indicate that smart people

A)

have more gray matter but less white matter than the average person.

B)

require less energy to solve problems than the average person.

C)

demonstrate no greater fluid intelligence than the average person.

D)

have smaller parietal lobes than the average person.

37.

Precocious 12- to 14-year-old college students with unusually high levels of verbal intelligence are most likely to

A)

retrieve information from memory at an unusually rapid speed.

B)

perform at only an average level on tests of mathematical aptitude.

C)

experience less loneliness and achieve happier marriages than the average college student.

D)

demonstrate unusually high levels of the practical managerial intelligence common to successful business executives.

38.

Studies suggest that there is a positive correlation between intelligence and the brain's

A)

rate of glucose consumption.

B)

production of endorphins.

C)

ability to quickly perceive a simple visual stimulus.

D)

ability to process language in the right rather than the left hemisphere.

39.

The nineteenth-century English scientist Sir Francis Galton believed that

A)

mental abilities cannot be measured.

B)

superior intelligence is biologically inherited.

C)

academic aptitude involves divergent rather than convergent thinking.

D)

intelligence test performance depends on motivation rather than ability.

40.

Who attempted to assess intellectual strengths by measuring muscular power, sensory acuity, and body proportions?

A)

Lewis Terman

B)

Alfred Binet

C)

Charles Spearman

D)

Francis Galton

41.

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

A)

provide a quantitative estimate of inherited intellectual potential.

B)

distinguish between academic and practical intelligence.

C)

identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.

D)

assess general capacity for goal-directed adaptive behavior.

42.

To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's

A)

divergent thinking.

B)

emotional intelligence.

C)

mental age.

D)

intrinsic motivation.

43.

To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's

A)

head size.

B)

reasoning skills.

C)

muscular power.

D)

neural processing speed.

44.

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is

A)

4.

B)

4.5.

C)

5.

D)

80.

45.

Who would have been the LEAST enthusiastic about relying on eugenics for the improvement of human intellectual functioning?

A)

Francis Galton

B)

Alfred Binet

C)

Lewis Terman

D)

Charles Darwin

46.

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the

A)

extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.

B)

need to standardize intelligence tests.

C)

possibility of predicting people's academic success from intelligence test scores.

D)

definition of mental age.

47.

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

A)

mental age multiplied by 100.

B)

chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100.

C)

chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100.

D)

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

48.

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of

A)

75.

B)

85.

C)

115.

D)

133.

49.

Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is

A)

4.

B)

6.

C)

8.

D)

9.

50.

Instead of calculating an intelligence quotient, most current intelligence tests represent the test-taker's performance relative to

A)

the test-taker's own previous intelligence test performance.

B)

the best possible performance of others the same age as the test-taker.

C)

the best possible performance of others of any age.

D)

the average performance of others the same age as the test-taker.

51.

The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage

A)

selective breeding of highly intelligent people.

B)

creation of special education programs for intellectually inferior children.

C)

construction of culturally and racially unbiased tests of intelligence.

D)

use of factor analysis for identification of various types of intelligence.

52.

In the early twentieth century, the U.S. government developed intelligence tests to evaluate newly arriving immigrants. Poor test scores among immigrants who were not of Anglo-Saxon heritage were attributed by some psychologists of that day to

A)

stereotype threat.

B)

innate mental inferiority.

C)

savant syndrome.

D)

divergent thinking.

53.

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called

A)

interest inventories.

B)

factor analytic measures.

C)

standardized assessments.

D)

aptitude tests.

54.

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test.

A)

reliability

B)

achievement

C)

aptitude

D)

intelligence

55.

In a national sample of 14- to 21-year-olds, total scores on the U.S. SAT correlated ________ with general intelligence test scores.

A)

+.26

B)

+.54

C)

+.82

D)

+.98

56.

Achievement tests are designed to

A)

measure the desire and potential capacity to successfully meet challenges.

B)

assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

C)

compare an individual's personality with those of highly successful people.

D)

assess learned knowledge or skills.

57.

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

A)

achievement

B)

reliability

C)

aptitude

D)

intelligence

58.

Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________.

A)

current interests; past competence

B)

past competence; current interests

C)

current competence; future performance

D)

future performance; current competence

59.

The WAIS was initially created by

A)

William Stern.

B)

Howard Gardner.

C)

Robert Sternberg.

D)

David Wechsler.

60.

In addition to an overall intelligence score, the WAIS provides separate scores for such skills as

A)

divergent thinking.

B)

factor analysis.

C)

working memory.

D)

emotional intelligence.

61.

Block design puzzles are used in one of the subtests of the

A)

WAIS.

B)

SAT Reasoning Test.

C)

Stanford-Binet.

D)

GRE.

62.

If a test is standardized, this means that

A)

it accurately measures what it is intended to measure.

B)

a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.

C)

most test scores will cluster near the average.

D)

the test will yield consistent results when administered on different occasions.

63.

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a math achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test-taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of

A)

standardization.

B)

predictive validity.

C)

reliability.

D)

content validity.

64.

The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called a

A)

standardization sample.

B)

reliability coefficient.

C)

factor analysis.

D)

normal curve.

65.

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 85 and 115.

A)

30

B)

50

C)

68

D)

96

66.

The normal curve would represent the distribution of

A)

the American population in terms of gender.

B)

American schoolchildren in terms of their ages.

C)

American women in terms of their physical heights.

D)

all of these groups.

67.

Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of

A)

heritability.

B)

the g factor.

C)

the Flynn effect.

D)

intrinsic motivation.

68.

It would be reasonable to suggest that the Flynn effect is due in part to

A)

the deteriorating quality of parental involvement in children's education.

B)

increasingly improved childhood health.

C)

the decreasing reliance on a single test score as an index of mental aptitudes.

D)

the failure to restandardize existing intelligence tests.

69.

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

A)

standardization.

B)

predictive validity.

C)

reliability.

D)

content validity.

70.

Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of

A)

content validity.

B)

reliability.

C)

predictive validity.

D)

standardization.

71.

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ________ of a test.

A)

validity

B)

reliability

C)

standardization

D)

normal distribution

72.

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.

A)

low; low

B)

low; high

C)

high; low

D)

high; high

73.

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

A)

validity.

B)

standardization.

C)

reliability.

D)

the g factor.

74.

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to have

A)

reliability.

B)

a normal curve.

C)

content validity.

D)

intrinsic motivation.

75.

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

A)

reliability

B)

factor analysis

C)

standardization

D)

content validity

76.

Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test.

A)

reliability

B)

standardization

C)

normal distribution

D)

predictive validity

77.

Academic aptitude test scores are MOST likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.

A)

elementary school

B)

high school

C)

college

D)

graduate school

78.

Why does the predictive validity of general aptitude tests decrease as the educational experience of the students who take them increases?

A)

More educated students have taken aptitude tests so frequently that for them such tests are no longer pure measures of aptitude.

B)

Comparisons of mental age with chronological age are inadequate for assessing the aptitude of older and more educated students.

C)

There is a relatively narrow range of aptitude test scores among students at higher educational levels.

D)

Among more educated students, motivation has a much greater effect on academic success than does aptitude.

79.

The correlation between academic success and intelligence test scores will be LOWEST if computed for a group of individuals whose scores range between

A)

55 and 100.

B)

85 and 115.

C)

100 and 145.

D)

70 and 130.

80.

The same people are tested and retested over a period of years in a(n)

A)

factor analysis.

B)

longitudinal study.

C)

heritability assessment.

D)

cross-sectional study.

81.

A cross-sectional study is one in which

A)

the same people are retested over a period of years.

B)

different age groups are tested at the same time.

C)

different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time.

D)

the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.

82.

A group of people of very similar age who are participants in a longitudinal study are called a

A)

factor.

B)

syndrome.

C)

cohort.

D)

quotient.

83.

Cross-sectional research indicated that during early and middle adulthood, aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence. Longitudinal research indicated that during this period of life, aging is associated with ________ levels of intelligence.

A)

increasing; declining

B)

declining; stable

C)

increasing; increasing

D)

stable; declining

84.

Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?

A)

fluid intelligence

B)

the g factor

C)

divergent thinking

D)

crystallized intelligence

85.

Older people's capacity to understand the meaning of words does not decline as much as their capacity to engage in abstract reasoning. This best illustrates the stability of

A)

emotional intelligence.

B)

crystallized intelligence.

C)

divergent thinking.

D)

fluid intelligence.

86.

Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

A)

accumulated knowledge.

B)

ability to reason speedily and abstractly.

C)

ability to engage in factor analysis.

D)

ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.

87.

The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________.

A)

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

B)

extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation

C)

crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

D)

fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

88.

To qualify for the office manager's job, 55-year-old Mariel must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.

A)

general knowledge

B)

spelling

C)

abstract reasoning

D)

vocabulary

89.

Explaining why the best work of scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of novelists often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

A)

analytical and practical intelligence.

B)

predictive and content validity.

C)

fluid and crystallized intelligence.

D)

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

90.

Intelligence scores are most likely to be stable over a one-year period for a

A)

preschool student whose intelligence test score is 80.

B)

second-grade student whose intelligence test score is 125.

C)

sixth-grade student whose intelligence test score is 115.

D)

tenth-grade student whose intelligence test score is 95.

91.

The high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ________ of these test scores.

A)

reliability

B)

heritability

C)

standardization

D)

normal distribution

92.

Women scoring in the highest 25 percent on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored in the lowest 25 percent.

A)

live longer

B)

be less creative

C)

talk at an earlier age

D)

experience more stereotype threat

93.

An IQ of approximately 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of life is most clearly an indication of

A)

savant syndrome.

B)

divergent thinking.

C)

convergent thinking.

D)

an intellectual disability.

94.

Those diagnosed with an intellectual disability score approximately 70 or below on an intelligence test and also demonstrate a limitation in

A)

hybrid vigor.

B)

physical health.

C)

adaptive behavior.

D)

intrinsic motivation.

95.

Over the past 50 or so years, children with mental retardation have increasingly been likely to

A)

have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.

B)

be diagnosed as having a chromosomal abnormality.

C)

demonstrate symptoms of savant syndrome.

D)

be mainstreamed into regular school classrooms.

96.

The restandardization of intelligence tests over the past decade renders ________ Americans eligible for special education and ________ Americans eligible for the death penalty.

A)

more; fewer

B)

fewer; more

C)

more; more

D)

fewer; fewer

97.

Terman's studies of 1500 California children with IQ scores over 135 indicated that these high-scoring children

A)

were well-adjusted.

B)

were physically healthy.

C)

lacked creativity.

D)

received lower-than-average math grades.

98.

Among Americans scoring in the top 1 in 10,000 on the ________ at age 12 or 13, more than half have earned doctorates.

A)

WAIS

B)

Stanford-Binet

C)

SAT

D)

WISC

99.

Sorting children into gifted child education programs is most likely to be criticized for

A)

overemphasizing the genetic determinants of giftedness.

B)

widening the achievement gap between higher- and lower-ability groups.

C)

claiming that intelligence test scores can predict children's academic success.

D)

underestimating the extent to which a g factor underlies success in a wide variety of tasks.

100.

Educators who wish to affirm children's special talents and challenge them at the frontiers of their understanding advocate appropriate

A)

hybrid vigor.

B)

factor analysis.

C)

developmental placement.

D)

heritability estimates.

101.

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

A)

less than that between children and their biological parents.

B)

equal to that between identical twins reared together.

C)

equal to that between fraternal twins reared together.

D)

greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.

102.

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

A)

Japanese children have higher average intelligence scores than do American children.

B)

Identical twins reared together are more similar in their intelligence scores than identical twins reared separately.

C)

The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with the intelligence scores of their parents.

D)

Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.

103.

The heritability of intelligence refers to

A)

the extent to which an individual's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors.

B)

the proportion of variation in intelligence among individuals that is attributable to genetic variation.

C)

the extent to which the distribution of intelligence scores of a group approximates a normal curve.

D)

a general underlying intelligence factor that is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

104.

Brain scans reveal that identical twins' brains have ________ gray matter volume and ________ white matter volume.

A)

similar; dissimilar

B)

dissimilar; similar

C)

similar; similar

D)

dissimilar; dissimilar

105.

Today's researchers have identified many different chromosomal regions important to intelligence. This indicates that intelligence is

A)

triarchic.

B)

intrinsic motivation.

C)

polygenetic.

D)

divergent thinking.

106.

In one massive study of 11,000 twin pairs in four countries, the heritability of general intelligence was found to be greatest during

A)

early childhood.

B)

middle childhood.

C)

adolescence.

D)

young adulthood.

107.

With increasing age, adopted children's verbal ability scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parent's scores.

A)

more; more

B)

less; less

C)

more; less

D)

less; more

108.

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to

A)

a lack of hybrid vigor.

B)

stereotype threat.

C)

a deprived environment.

D)

savant syndrome.

109.

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

A)

general intelligence scores predict performance on a variety of complex tasks.

B)

the cognitive development of neglected children is often delayed.

C)

identical twins reared together have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.

D)

mental similarities between adopted children and their adoptive families increase with age.

110.

Schooling ________ children's intelligence test performance. Children's intelligence ________ their later adult income.

A)

enhances; enhances

B)

has no effect on; enhances

C)

enhances; has no effect on

D)

has no effect on; has no effect on

111.

When promised money for doing well on an intelligence test, adolescents in four dozen studies scored higher. This best illustrates that intelligence test performance is influenced by

A)

motivation.

B)

stereotype threat.

C)

factor analysis.

D)

convergent thinking.

112.

Interventions that promote intelligence teach early teens that the brain is like a muscle that strengthens with use. This idea is designed to encourage the teens to view intelligence as

A)

a reflection of the g factor.

B)

a biologically determined capacity.

C)

changeable over time.

D)

distributed in a bell-shaped pattern.

113.

Girls are most likely to outperform boys in a

A)

grammar test.

B)

mathematical reasoning test.

C)

computer programming contest.

D)

chess tournament.

114.

Research suggests that women are more skilled than men at

A)

avoiding emotional uncertainty.

B)

preventing emotions from distorting reasoning.

C)

detecting other people's emotions.

D)

delaying emotional gratification in pursuit of long-term goals.

115.

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

A)

computerized video game competition.

B)

speed-reading tournament.

C)

spelling bee.

D)

speech-giving contest.

116.

Males' mental ability scores show greater ________ than females' mental ability scores.

A)

reliability

B)

heritability

C)

variability

D)

validity

117.

Boys outnumber girls at extremely ________ levels of verbal fluency and at extremely ________ levels of mathematical problem-solving ability.

A)

high; low

B)

low; low

C)

high; high

D)

low; high

118.

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea. This best illustrates that mental abilities are

A)

polygenetic.

B)

extrinsic motivators.

C)

socially influenced.

D)

distributed in a bell-shaped pattern.

119.

Disproportionately more Whites than Blacks would be admitted into American colleges if performance scores on ________ were the only basis for college admissions.

A)

the Stanford-Binet

B)

the WAIS

C)

the SAT

D)

all of these tests

120.

On average, the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos. The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of

A)

genetic differences between two groups with similar environments.

B)

environmental differences between two groups with similar genetics.

C)

genetic and environmental differences between the two groups.

D)

any of these things.

121.

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

A)

school desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of Black American children.

B)

the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian students are higher than those of North American students.

C)

among American Blacks, those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores.

D)

the Black-White difference in intelligence test scores has increased in recent years.

122.

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population ________ the scores of the 1930s population.

A)

are higher than

B)

are lower than

C)

are equal to

D)

can't be compared with

123.

The average difference in intellectual aptitude scores of White and Black college graduates has been observed to be greatest when these individuals were

A)

eighth graders.

B)

high school juniors.

C)

college sophomores.

D)

college seniors.

124.

Intelligence tests are biased in the sense that

A)

test performance is influenced by cultural experiences.

B)

the reliability of intelligence tests is close to zero.

C)

the heritability of intelligence is very high.

D)

numerical scores of intelligence serve to dehumanize individuals.

125.

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests.

A)

factor analysis

B)

content validity

C)

predictive validity

D)

reliability

126.

When completing a verbal aptitude test, members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test

A)

is a measure of emotional intelligence as well as academic intelligence.

B)

assesses their interests as well as their abilities.

C)

is biased against members of their own ethnic group.

D)

results in a distribution of scores that forms a bell-shaped curve.

127.

Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to be a detriment to their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of

A)

the Flynn effect.

B)

divergent thinking.

C)

extrinsic motivation.

D)

stereotype threat.

128.

Women have scored ________ on math tests when no male test-takers were in the tested group and Blacks have scored ________ when tested by Blacks than when tested by Whites.

A)

lower; lower

B)

higher; higher

C)

lower; higher

D)

higher; lower

129.

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have

A)

avoided questions that require familiarity with any specific culture.

B)

helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential.

C)

provided an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in different public school systems.

D)

demonstrated that the g factor underlies a variety of intellectual skills.

Answer Key

1.

B

2.

C

3.

B

4.

B

5.

C

6.

D

7.

C

8.

D

9.

D

10.

C

11.

D

12.

A

13.

C

14.

C

15.

B

16.

C

17.

B

18.

C

19.

D

20.

D

21.

D

22.

B

23.

B

24.

A

25.

B

26.

D

27.

D

28.

C

29.

A

30.

D

31.

D

32.

D

33.

C

34.

B

35.

C

36.

B

37.

A

38.

C

39.

B

40.

D

41.

C

42.

C

43.

B

44.

A

45.

B

46.

A

47.

D

48.

A

49.

B

50.

D

51.

A

52.

B

53.

D

54.

C

55.

C

56.

D

57.

A

58.

D

59.

D

60.

C

61.

A

62.

B

63.

A

64.

D

65.

C

66.

C

67.

C

68.

B

69.

C

70.

B

71.

B

72.

C

73.

A

74.

C

75.

D

76.

D

77.

A

78.

C

79.

B

80.

B

81.

B

82.

C

83.

B

84.

D

85.

B

86.

B

87.

D

88.

C

89.

C

90.

D

91.

A

92.

A

93.

D

94.

C

95.

D

96.

A

97.

A

98.

C

99.

B

100.

C

101.

D

102.

D

103.

B

104.

C

105.

C

106.

D

107.

D

108.

C

109.

B

110.

A

111.

A

112.

C

113.

A

114.

C

115.

A

116.

C

117.

D

118.

C

119.

D

120.

D

121.

B

122.

A

123.

B

124.

A

125.

C

126.

C

127.

D

128.

B

129.

B

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