IEMR Session 3 d

8/12/2019 IEMR Session 3 d

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Why M&V

Measurement and verification:

Is needed to confirm project energy savings and validatethat anticipated or guaranteed performance has beenachieved

Presents common definitions, terminology and proceduresfor energy-efficiency projects

Improves communication and understanding among projectimplementing partners

Provides a risk management tool to financing entitiesMinimizes disagreements and disputes

Facilitates persistence of energy savings


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Key Considerations in M&V

Who pays for the M&V?

Who should conduct the M&V?

How much does M&V cost?

What should be included in the M&V plan?

What methodologies are available?

How are baseline adjustments to be addressed?


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Who Should Conduct M&V?

M&V

Project Host ESCO

Third Party


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How much does M&V cost?

The costs of M&V depend on the energy efficiencytechnologies and measures to be implemented andthe approach and methodology to be utilized

M&V costs 5 to 10% of project investmentsTrade off between

accuracy of the M&V

cost of M&V

Simple approaches are preferred to reduce costs andminimize potential for disputes


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Who Pays for M&V Costs?

If the project host conducts or engages a third partyto conduct M&V, the host directly pays the M&Vcosts

If the ESCO conducts or engages a third party toconduct M&V, the M&V costs are part of ESCOs costs

In either case, the M&V costs are an integral elementof project cost and an allowance needs to be made inthe project budget and financing plan for these costs

While the M&V is specified in the Energy ServicesAgreement, the lender needs to understand andapprove the M&V approach and costs


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Key Elements of an M&V Plan

Key Elementsof M&V Plan

Description of energy efficiency measures.

Documentation of the base conditions & energy data.

Identification of any planned changes.

Identification of the post-retrofit period conditions.

Specification of M&V options & analysis procedures,algorithms, and assumptions.

Specification of software, budget, and resource needs.

Documentation and data available to verify reportedsavings.

Methods for making relevant baseline adjustments.


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Basic M&V Concept

Equation 1:

Savings = Baseline Energy Use Post-installation Energy Use+/- Adjustments

Equation 2:

Cost Savings = Rate Baseline (Baseline Energy use)

Rate Baseline (Post Energy use)

+/- Adjustments

First Step Establish the Baseline Energy Use


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M&V Methodologies

Deemed or Stipulated Savings

Bill data analysis

Metering

Hours of use

Individual equipment

Energy systems or processes

Time of use meteringBuilding or process modeling

Increasingcomplexity

Increasingcost


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M&V methodologies

METHODOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS

Deemed Savings Participants agree to the unit energy savingsfrom new equipment and savings calculationsare based on simple formulas

Bill Data Analysis Utility bills before and after installation areused to determine the savings

Metering Meters are installed to measure the actualenergy consumption of specific equipment orsystems (before and after implementation)

Modeling In complex systems where energy use isinfluence by a wide range of factors, modelingapproaches are used to estimate energyconsumption and savings


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M&V Protocols

Deemed orStipulated

Savings

Protocolsfor M&V

IPMVP

AustralasianESPC

M&V GuideU.S. FEMP

M&VGuidelines

California PublicUtilities Commission

Energy EfficiencyEvaluation

Protocols

CDM MethodologiesApproved by

UNFCCC


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IPMVP

Developed by a coalition of researchers and practitioners

Managed by independent organization (EVO) dedicated to provisionof tools to quantify the results of EE projects and programs.

Provides flexible framework of M&V options that allowspractitioners to craft the right M&V Plan for their project

Internationally recognized and acceptedCertification program for M&V professionals

Introduced in India - Alliance for Energy-Efficient Economy (AEEE)

International Performance Measurement andVerification Protocol


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M&V Approaches in IPMVP

Retrofit Isolation Methods

Option A Partially measured or one timemeasurement

Option B Longer or continuousmeasurements

Whole Facility Methods

Option C Whole facility energy analysisOption D Computer simulation


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Illustration of IPMVP Options

Options A & B areretrofit isolation methods.

Options C & D arewhole-facility methods.

The difference iswhere theboundary lines aredrawn.


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IPMVP M&V Options

M&V Option How savings arecalculated

Option A: Based on measured equipmentperformance, measured or stipulated operationalfactors, and annual verification of potential to

perform.

Engineering calculations.

Option B: Based on periodic or continuousmeasurements taken throughout the term of thecontract at the device or system level.

Engineering calculations usingmeasured data.

Option C: Based on whole-building or facility levelutility meter or sub-metered data adjusted for

weather and/or other factors.Analysis of utility meter data.

Option D: Based on computer simulation of buildingor process; simulation is calibrated with measureddata.

Comparing different models.


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Option ASimple approach (and low cost)

Performance parameters are measured (before andafter), usage parameters may be estimated

Used where the potential to perform needs to beverified but accurate savings estimation is notnecessary

Key features

Lower costSimple procedure

Requires agreement among parties


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Option BUnder Option B, some or all parameters are measuredperiodically or continuously

Applicable where accurate savings estimation isnecessary and long-term performance needs tracking

Reduced uncertainty, but requires more effort

Key featuresReal M&V

Improved O&M

Ongoing Commissioning

Remote monitoring


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Option C

Option C looks at energy use and cost of entire facility,not at specific equipment

Conceptually simple, may be difficult in practice

Key features:Can consider weather, occupancy, etc.

Useful where total savings need to be valued butcomponent savings do not

Commercial software is available that simplifiesimplementation

May require baseline adjustments


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Option DOption D treats building as computer model

Flexible, but requires significant effort

Applications:

New constructionEnergy management & control systemsBuilding use changesBuilding envelope modifications & additions

Uses specialized software that requires substantialexperience

Requires measurements for calibration


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Lighting Project M&V - Option A

Baseline is 100 W light bulb and new lamp is25 Watt compact fluorescent

Wattage verified by measurements/specifications

Assume 3,000 operating hours per year:

Previous experience

Estimate by owner

Calculated Savings are:3,000 hr/yr * (0.1 - 0.025 kW) =225 kWh/year


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Lighting Project M&V - Option C

Used when lighting is the dominant load

Document baseline utility bill

Obtain post-installation utility Bills

Calculate savings


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Lighting Project -Option D

Used when interactive effects need to be estimated

Input lighting and HVAC system into simulationprogram.

Calibrate model and calculate pre- and post-installation lighting and interactive HVAC energyuse for determining savings.


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M&V Options with Multiple End-Uses

1. Lighting Efficiency and Controls2. Motor and Drive Efficiency Improvements

3. Variable-Speed Drives4. Boiler Improvements

5. Chiller Improvements6. Air, Water, and Steam DistributionSystems

7. Thermal Energy Recovery8. Controls

Option A: One-time metering Option B: Continuous metering

Option C: Utility Bill AnalysisOption D: Computer Simulation

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Adjusting for Changes in Baseline

Measurementand

Verification Process

Definition of the BaselineSpecifies the pre-implementation

conditions against which the savingsare measured

Changes May Affect

Equipment Performance

andLevel of Energy Savings


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Adjusting for Changes in Baseline

PossibleChanges

in Baseline

Facility Use or Operating Conditions

Occupancy

Equipment Operating Schedules

Environmental Conditions

Additions to Energy-Using Equipment

Facility Refurbishment or Rehabilitation


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Common M&V Issues

Factors affecting saving performancePredictability, measurability, factors such as weather,occupancy, equipment intensity, ability of EEMs todeliver savings, implementation effectiveness, occupant

operator cooperation, equipment deterioration and lifeEvaluating saving uncertainty

Instrumentation error, modeling error, sampling error,planned and unplanned changes

Minimum energy StandardsMinimum operating conditions


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Common M&V Issues (continued)

Energy Prices

For simplification, price is specified

Verification by a third party

Third party can resolve issues

Baseline adjustments

Routine and non-routine

CostCost to owner against benefits


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M&V Information Document (continued)

5. Post-installation equipment and conditionsPlan for defining new equipment and spaceconditions, assumptions and stipulations

6. MeteringSchedule of metering (duration/when), who willprovide, data validation, sampling

7. Measurement and verification activitiesWho conducts M&V, analysis and prepare report,quality assurance, reports defined and postinstallation energy use relative to production

8. Initial and annual cost


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Case Studies of M&V Plans

1. Fuel switching in textile SME

2. Large public sector hospital

3. Municipal street-lighting control


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Fuel Switching in SME

Project: Efficiency improvement of thermic fluidheating system by switching to saw-dust fuelautomatically fed in the heaters

M&V Boundary: Drawn around the thermic fluidsystem using Option A: Retrofit Isolation with KeyParameters Measured

Pre and post-installation energy use calculatedusing the equation

Annual Energy Cost =Fuel Rs/kg * Avg. fuel consumption kg /day* Days/year


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EE Retrofits at a Large Hospital

Project: Efficiency improvement in water pumping,indoor and outdoor lighting, hot water and air-conditioning systemsM&V Boundary:

Power factor improvement Entirefacility/utility metering (Option C: whole facilitymeasurement)Lighting retrofits number of lights replaced;spot-checks on lighting source retrofitted (OptionA retrofit isolation/key parameter measured)Raw water pump efficiency (Option A retrofitisolation/key parameter measured)


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IEMR Session 3 d

Documents

Transcript of IEMR Session 3 d