IEEE-IAS 2012.02.18 Presentation - NFPA-20 Fire Pumps and Controllers

Review of NFPA-20 2007

- for -

IEEE - IAS- by -

James S. Nasby

Columbia Engineering

C.E. IEEE - IAS 2

NFPA-20 (2010 Edition)Chapters 9 thru 12 Overview

Chapter 9 - Electric Drive for Pumps Chapter 10 - Electric-Drive Controllers

and Accessories Chapter 11 - Diesel Engine Drive Chapter 12 - Engine Drive Controllers Note: Clause No.s are per 2010 Edition

Selected Clauses from Other Chapters.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 3

Definitions3.3.17 Fire Pump Controller. A group of devices that serve

to govern, in some predetermined manner, the starting and stopping of the fire pump driver and to monitor and signal the status and condition of the fire pump unit.

3.3.7.2 Fault Tolerant External Control Circuit. Those control

circuits either entering or leaving the fire pump controllerenclosure, which if broken, disconnected, or shorted willnot prevent the controller from starting the fire pump fromall other internal or external means and can cause the

controllerto start the pump under these conditions.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 4

4.4.1* The fire pump unit, consisting of a pump, driver, and controller, shall perform in compliance with this standard as an entire unit when installed or when components have been replaced.

Question: How long does an Approved controller manufacture have to support installed controllers?

4.7.5 Each driver shall have its own dedicated controller. 4.12.1* General Requirements. The fire pump, driver,

controller, water supply, and power supply shall be protected against possible interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism, and other adverse conditions.

4.30.1 (was 4.29.1) For all pump installations, including jockey pumps, each controller shall have its own individual pressure-sensing line.

Related Clauses

C.E. IEEE - IAS 5

Related Clauses4.7.1* Fire pumps shall be dedicated to and

listed for fire protection service.A.4.7.1 This section does not preclude the use of pumps in

public and private water supplies that provide water for domestic, process, and fire protection purposes. Such pumps are not fire pumps and are not expected to meet all of the requirements of NFPA 20. Such pumps are permitted for fire protection if they are considered reliable by the analysis mandated in Section 5.6. Evaluating the reliability should include at least the level of supervision and rapid response to problems as is typical in municipal water systems.*

If a private development (campus) needs a fire protection pump, this is typically accomplished by installing a dedicated fire pump (in accordance with NFPA 20) in parallel with a domestic pump or as part of a dedicated fire branch/loop off of a water supply.

Note: *No longer any need to exempt controllers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 6

Salient Proposals Passed

NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 1

Revised Arrangement I-A

perLogs #29 & #157

N E

Normal Source See 9.2

Arrangement I-A See 10.8.2.1

Alternate Source See 9.3

See 10.8.3

Note: Need to Renumber "Arrangement I" as "Arrangement I-A"

ATS

CB CB

IS IS

Was "Arrangement I"

See Log #103

Contactor

Listed Combination

Fire Pump Controller

and Transfer Power

Transfer Switch

Motor

Now Standard

C.E. IEEE - IAS 7


NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 2Arrangement I-B

Proposed NewArrangement I-B

per Log #105

Upstream Transfer Switch



To other generator

loads

See 9.6.5

Listed Combination Fire Pump Controller

and Power Transfer Switch

See 10.8.2.1 and 10.8.3

EN

N E

See NFPA 70

Article 230

Motor

Gen

Hot Emergency Bus

C.E. IEEE - IAS 8


NFPA-20-2013 Fig. A.10.8 3

Revised Arrangement II

perLogs #29 & #157

Listed Fire Pump Controller

Arrangement II See 10.8.2.2

EN



CB

IS*IS*

CB**

ATS

Field Wiring

See 10.8.3 & 9.6.4

Listed Fire PumpPower Transfer

Switch Assembly (Service Entrance Equipment may

Be Separate)

See 10.8.2.2

Single or Separate Enclosure(s)

See 10.8.2.2(4)

See 9.6.5 & NFPA 70 §700.27

* May be Omitted

** May be located at generator if alternate source is a standby

generator.

Motor

C.E. IEEE - IAS 9


C.E. IEEE - IAS 10

NFPA-20 Chapter 9Electric Drive for Pumps

9.1 General. 9.2 Normal Power – Stiff -vs- Weak 9.3 Alternate Power - ditto 9.4 Voltage Drop; 5%, 15%, 35% 9.5 Motors.

U.L. Listed & 1.15% Max. Amps -or- VSD, 1.15S.F. & 100% Max amps, Not U.L. Listed yet

9.6* On-Site Standby Generator Systems. 9.6.5* Protective Devices*

Note: *This requires starting pumps in A-T-L mode since Emergency Manual (Mechanical) Operator(s) are assumed engaged.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 11

Usually Delta Primary to Wye Secondary

Typical Power EFPC Supplies

C.E. IEEE - IAS 12

Typical Power EFPC Supplies

Open Wye to Open Delta w/ Unequal Pots (Xfmrs)

C.E. IEEE - IAS 13

200 Vac Delta 208/120 Vac 4 Wire Wye 240 Vac Delta

Ungrounded Open Delta Corner Ground (240, 240, Zero Vac to Ground) 240/120 4 Wire Delta (208 Vac High Leg)

416/240 Vac 4 Wire Wye (Rare, Africa & some Mid-East) Requires special CPTs and Contactor Coils. 480/277 Vac 4 Wire Wye 480 Delta

Open Delta Ungrounded (Process Plants)* Corner Ground(480, 480, Zero Vac to Ground)*

Corner Ground 600/350 Vac 4 Wire Wye* Special Surge Arrester Arrangement Needed!!Note: Single Phase: 120, 208 or 240 are for some Limited Service Only, and for

A.C. Power for Diesel Controllers. Ditto for 220 Vac, 50 Hz.

Typical Low Voltage Power 60 Hz EFPC Supplies

C.E. IEEE - IAS 14

1200 Vac (Rare) 2400 Vac Delta (2300 Motor Voltage) 3600 Vac (Rare) 4160/2400 4 Wire Wye (4000 Motor Voltage) 7200/4160 4 Wire Wye (6900 Motor Voltage)

Typical Medium Voltage 60 Hz EFPC Supplies

C.E. IEEE - IAS 15

Typical Power 50 Hz EFPC Supplies

380 (383)/220 Vac 4 Wire Wye* 220 Vac Delta (Rare) 380 (383)/220 Vac 4 Wire Wye* 400 /231 Vac 4 Wire Wye 415 (416) /240 Vac 4 Wire Wye 690 Vac (690/400 Vac 4 Wire Wye?) 3300 Vac (Medium Voltage) (Rare, Africa) 6600 Vac (Medium Voltage) 6900 Vac (Medium Voltage)*Note: 460V / (50/60Hz) = 383 Vac

C.E. IEEE - IAS 16

Single Phase DFPC Voltages(and Some Limited Service Controllers)

120 / 60 (Hot and Neutral) 220 / 50 (Hot and Neutral) 240 / 60 (Hot and Hot) 208 / 60 (Hot and Hot) (Less Common) 380 / 50 (Hot and Hot) (Less Common) 480 / 60 (Hot and Hot) 600 / 60 (Hot and Hot)

Note: Hot & Hot = Dual Fuse or 2 Pole Breaker.Neutral should Not be Fused.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 17

Power Supply Failure

Considerations

What Happens During Single Phase Events

C.E. IEEE - IAS 18

Power Supply Failure Considerations - cont’d

Note: This case also represents the intentional Open Delta system power distribution.

What Happens During Single Phase Events

C.E. IEEE - IAS 19


Note: Wye to Wye supplies are unusual due to propensity to cause TFI (Telephone Interference).

Where used some areas, the two neutral points are connected together (Bonded Through).

These are sometimes tied to the overhead ground (lightning) wire.

This can cause some very high transients in the controller!

C.E. IEEE - IAS 20


Note: This case can also represents the intentional Open Delta system power distribution.

What Happens During Single Phase

Events

C.E. IEEE - IAS 21

Single Phase Starting Attempt Failures

Tally of Rewound or Replaced Fire Pump Motors‑‑ Cases Determined to be Due to ‑‑

Attempted Starting Under Single Phase Conditions

Note: No Fire Demand was known to exist before or during the single phase conditions. The motors started due to one of the two following: 1) Immediate start upon drop out of the drop‑out demand relay upon loss of the control phase, or 2) System pressure bleed down after the Jockey Pump trips out (on overload) on attempted single phase start. Some of the cases involve wide area single phase conditions confirmed by the local utility. The controllers involved are of both the pick‑up demand relay and the drop‑out demand relay types.

No cases involving Master Control Systems, Inc. controllers are known to date. Data gathered to date involves three manufactures, Brand "A", Brand "B", and Brand "C".

The following data have been gathered by Master Control Systems, Inc. from the field over the period of the last 12 months for recent cases of motor damage. The data are shown in no particular order. Data below gives: date, job, location, controller starting type, and other known details, length of outage, and finally, number of occurrences, when known.

1) January 1998. Spartenburg Regional Hospital, Spartenburg South Carolina. Brand "A" Across‑the‑line controller. Building single phased during construction of an addition. Motor burned out. Out of service for two and a half days. Single known occurrence.

2) Late 1997. Marriott Courtyard Hotel, Charleston South Carolina. Brand "B" Soft Start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac. City block single phased. Caused by large bird hitting power line. Motor burned out. Out of service for five to six days. Single known occurrence.

3) Fall 1997. Spartenburg U.P.S. Center, Spartenburg South Carolina. Brand "B" Part Winding start controller, 100 Hp, 460 Vac. Storm caused single phase. Motor burned out. Out of service for approximately four days. Fourth occurrence over about the last ten years.

4) June 1997. Pan‑American Logistics facility, San Antonio Texas. Brand "B" Across‑the‑Line controller, 100 Hp, 460 Vac. Utility verified single phase condition. Motor burned out. Out of service time unknown. Second occurrence in 6‑8 months.

5) September 1998. Galveston Opera House, Galveston Texas. Brand "B" Part Winding start controller, 75 Hp, 208 Vac. Utility confirmed single phase entire city block ("B" phase) for about four hours, caused by tropical storm Francis. Motor burned out. Out of service for 4‑5 days. Second occurrence in eight years.

6) September 1998. Meyer's Distribution facility, Newport Michigan. Brand "A" Wye-Delta Closed Transition type, 250 Hp, 460 Vac. Jockey pump tripped on attempted single phase start, then Fire Pump attempted to start. Motor burned out. Had about 125 Vac on bad phase. This is the second occurrence at this job site.

Note: This study is approx. 9 months long and covers only a portion of the U.S.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 22

Single Phase Starting Attempt – cont’dTally of Rewound or Replaced Fire Pump Motors - continued

7) Summer 1998. Isle of Palms, Charleston South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Wye-Delta Open transition type. Power company confirmed single phase outage. Unit failure was found during an annual test. Not know how long the fire protection had been out of service. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

8a) Spring 1998. Ametech Building No. 1. Gaffney South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Part Winding start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac. Storm took out a phase. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

8b) Spring 1998. Ametech Building No. 2. Gaffney South Carolina. Brand "C" controller. Part Winding start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac. Storm took out a phase. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

9) January 1999. Henrico County School, Richmond Virginia. Brand "B" controller. Primary Resistor start controller, 125 Hp, 208 Vac. Ice Storm took out a phase in the area. Motor burned out. Single known occurrence.

10a) November 1998. Brown Foreman - L & G Distillery. Millville Kentucky. Brand "B" Controller. Single phase to factory. Motor burned out. First occurrence.

10b) February 1999. Brown Foreman - L & G Distillery. Same job. Motor burned out again. Pump house caught on fire. Sprinklers in the pump house activated which were supplied by the backup diesel fire pump. Second occurrence.

11) Late 1998. St. Mathews Church, Lake Zurich Illinois (north chicago suburb). Brand "B" Controller. Power lost during construction while widening roadway. When power was restored, the third phase left off. During the annual test, the motor burned out in approximately 30 seconds. Single known occurrence.

12) Early 1999. Rappahannock Westminster Canterberry Retirement Community, Irvington, VA. Brand "C" controller. Wye-Delta Closed transition controller, 150 Hp, 480 Vac. Motor destroyed. Fire protection was out of service for approximately 10 days.

Note: Three phase motors can not start on single phase power. Also, the subsequent continuous LRC is around 83% of normal 3 phase LRC (500% -vs- 600%) at full line voltage. This delays tripping of the circuit breaker.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 23

Fire Pump Motors Types

ODC (Open Drip Proof) TEFC (Totally Enclosed, Fan Cooled)

These usually have a S.F. of 1.00 Vertical Hollow Shaft Wye Wound Delta Wound Inverter Duty

C.E. IEEE - IAS 24

Typical Induction Motors

Marathon ODC

U.S. Motors TEFC

WEG TEFC

WEG Explosion Proof

C.E. IEEE - IAS 25

Induction TEFC Motor Cut-away

Marathon ODC

C.E. IEEE - IAS 26

TypicalFire PumpMotor

ListingLabel

Note Starting

Code Letter

C.E. IEEE - IAS 27

What’s Wrong with This Picture?

C.E. IEEE - IAS 28


Motor Whip (Flex. Conduit) NOT Liquid Tight.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 29

That’s Better

C.E. IEEE - IAS 30


Hint: Pump Motor

C.E. IEEE - IAS 31


Overhead Pipe

Blocks Access to

Motor Removal

Ditto for Pump

Removing Requires a Tripod & Chainfall

C.E. IEEE - IAS 32

NFPA-20 Chapter 10Chapter 10 Electric-Drive Controllers and Accessories 10.1 General 10.2 Location 10.3 Construction 10.4 Components 10.5 Starting and Control

10.5.1* Automatic and Nonautomatic 10.5.2 Automatic Controller 10.5.3 Nonautomatic Controller 10.5.4 Methods of Stopping

10.6 Controllers Rated in Excess of 600 V 10.7* Limited Service Controllers

C.E. IEEE - IAS 33

NFPA-20 Chapter 10 - Cont'd

10.8* Power Transfer for Alternate Power Supply 10.8.1 General 10.8.2* Fire Pump Controller and Transfer Switch Arrangements

• 10.8.2.1 Arrangement I (Listed Combination Fire Pump Controller and Power Transfer Switch)

• 10.8.2.2 Arrangement II (Individually Listed Fire Pump Controller and Power Transfer Switch)

• 10.8.2.3 Transfer Switch - dedicated transfer switch(es) 10.8.3 Power Transfer Switch Requirements

10.9 Controllers for Additive Pump Motors 10.10* Controllers with Variable Speed Pressure Limiting ControlNote: All Pressure Limiting Controllers and Engines are Set Point

(Feedback Control) Systems. They can be either stable or unstable.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 34

Model ECA A-T-L(D-O-L)

I/S

C/B

“M”Contactor

Emergency (Manual) OperatorNote: All Pressure

Switches are now Solid State Pressure Transducers and Associated Circuitry

C.E. IEEE - IAS 35

Model MCP Part Winding

Triple Redundant CPTs

C.E. IEEE - IAS 36

NFPA-20 Chapter 11Diesel Engine Drive Quick Look

11.1 General 11.2 Engines

11.2.4 Instrumentation and Control• 11.2.4.2* Electronic Fuel Management Control (ECM/ECU)• 11.2.4.3 Variable Speed (Pressure Controlling) Engines• 11.2.4.4 Overspeed Shutdown Device• 11.2.4.5 Signal for Engine Running and Crank Termination

11.2.5 Engine Instruments (Instrument Panel) 11.2.6.2 Automatic Control Wiring in the Field (Stranded Wire) 11.2.7 Starting Methods

• 11.2.7.2 Electric Starting• 11.2.7.2.1.4 Number and Capacity of Batteries. (2 X 2 X 6)• 11.2.7.2.3 Battery Loads - Quiescent (Paracitic) Loads• 11.2.7.2.4* Battery Location Note: Charging is now in Chapter 12.

• 11.2.7.3 Hydraulic Starting• 11.2.7.4 Air Starting

C.E. IEEE - IAS 37

NFPA-20 Chapter 11 – cont’d

11.3* Pump Room Requirements 11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement 11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement 11.5 Engine Exhaust (Wet Stacking) 11.6* Driver System Operation

11.6.1 Weekly Run 11.6.3 Battery Maintenance: 7 points:

1) Keep Charged, 2) Test, 3) Distilled H2O, 4) Keep Filled,5) Maintain, 6) Inspect Charger, 7) What to Inspect for.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 38

Diesel Driver & Fuel Switch & Engine Gage Panel

Caterpillar Fire Pump Engine

C.E. IEEE - IAS 39

NFPA-20 Chapter 12Engine Drive Controllers

12.1 Application. 12.2 Location. 12.3 Construction. 12.4 Components. 12.5 Battery Recharging - Engine

Alternator & Static (Automatic) Charger 12.6 Battery Chargers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 40

NFPA-20 Chapter 12 - Cont'd

12.7* Starting and Control. 12.5.1 Automatic and Nonautomatic. 12.5.2 Automatic Operation of Controller. 12.5.3 Nonautomatic Operation of Controller. 12.5.4 Starting Equipment Arrangement. 12.5.5 Methods of Stopping. 12.5.6 Emergency Control.

12.8 Air-Starting Engine Controllers.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 41

Model DCM

C.E. IEEE - IAS 42

Salient Proposals Passed - 2013 9.1.7 No Ground Fault Tripping 9.3.3 Allows Back Up Pumps in Lieu of Alternate Power 9.2.3.4 Now OCP = LRA of Largest Pump + FLA (was LRA)

of All Other Pumps and Other Loads. New 9.2.3.4.1 Alternate OCP Means. Fire Pump Listed

Ass'y Which: LRA (6x) for 120 Seconds No Trip (on Restart) at 24 x FLA No Trip within 10 Minutes at 300% FLA Trip Point NOT to be Field Adjustable. 9.5.1.4 Variable Speed Motors. Adds NEMA Part 30 as an

Alternate to Part 31. Also Adds Listing Requirement.

C.E. IEEE - IAS 43

2013 Salient Proposals - Cont'd

9.7 (Junction Boxes) Prohibits Use of F.P. Controller as a Junction Box (with Ref. to 10.3.4.5.1 10.3.4.6)

9.8.1 Junction for Listed Wiring System to be at Least 12" Inside of Pump Room.

9.8.2 Clarifies that the Required Smoke Seal be in the Junction Box. New 9.9.5 Requires Grounding Conductor Where the Raceway

between the Motor and Controller Is NOT Capable of Conducting Sufficient Fault Current to Trip the Fire Pump Controller's Circuit Breaker.

Chapter 10: 10.3.7.4 Mfr's Installation Instuctions to be Followed. 10.4.5.8 NO Ground Fault Tripping Allowed (Alarm is OK) 10.4.3.3.1(7) F.P. Breaker Not to Trip in Emergency Starting (A-T-L)

Mode 10.4.3.3.1(8) Breaker Not to Trip on Re-Start Transient unless

Controller has Restart Delay

C.E. IEEE - IAS 44

2013 Salient Proposals - Cont'd

10.5.2.5.2 Require Remote Starting Loop to be of the Normally Closed Type for Deluge Valve & Etc. Signals

Delete 10.7.2.1 Limited Service Controllers Must Now Meet 'Full Service" Breaker Requirements

A.10.8 Revise Transfer Switch Figures 10.8.3.6.5 Clarify Frequency Sensing is Not Required When

Alternate Source is Not a Gen-Set 10.8.3.7.3 Require Controller Marking if Intended for Dual Utility

Use 10.8.3.10 Prohibit use of "In Phase Monitor" or Programmed

Neutral to Meet Inrush Requirements 12.4.5.1 Requires a Time-Out Timer for the Alarm Silence Switch

Operation. 12.7.2.2.3 Remote Start Loop to be Normally Open Type for

Deluge Valve & Etc. Signals

C.E. IEEE - IAS 45

Questions?

IEEE-IAS 2012.02.18 Presentation - NFPA-20 Fire Pumps and Controllers

Technology

Transcript of IEEE-IAS 2012.02.18 Presentation - NFPA-20 Fire Pumps and Controllers