ICT XI-XII

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

RvZxq wkvg2012

Z_ I hvMvhvM chywGKv`k I v`k kwY


RvZxq wkvg2012



RvZxq wkvg2012


RvZxq wkvg 2012 1

1. m~Pbv1.1 hKvb KvhKgi mdjZv wbfi Ki Gi myz cwiKbvi Dci| wkv Kvhgi Gic cwiKbvB wkvg|

wkv_xì AvMn, ceYZv, mvg_, AwfZv I wkLb Pvwn`vi mv_ Ges mgvR, `k I AvRvwZK cwiw wZ weePbvqiL cYxZ nq wbw ` wkvg| Kx, Kb, wKfve, K, Kvi mnhvwMZvq, Kx w`q, Kv_vq, KZ mgq ai wkLeGes hv wkLQ Zv wKfve hvPvB Kiv ne Gme cki Di wkvg _vK| wkvi j, Dk, wkLbdj,welqe , wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb wb `kbv-GmeB wkvgi cwZcv` welq| wkvgi wb `kbviAvjvK cYxZ nq cvVcy K I Abvb wkLb-kLvbv mvgMx| G wkvKgK AveZb KiB hKvbv ii wkvee vi KgKv cwiKwZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev evwqZ nq| Avi G KviYB wkvgK wkv Kvhg ev evqbibxj-bKkv ejv nq _vK|

1.2 wkvg cwigvRb, Dbqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv| G cwqvq avivevwnK cwiexYi gvag Pjgvbwkvgi mejZv- yèjZv I DchvwMZv wbYq Kiv nq| mgqi mv_ mgvRi cwieZb NUQ, ZvQvov vb-wevb Ichywi `Z cwieZb nQ| Gmei dj wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nQ| G Rb cqvRbxq cwigvRb I bevqbigvag wkvg hyMvchvMx ivLv AvekK| Avevi Ggb mgq Avm hLb cyivbv wkvg cwigvRb Ki mgqi Pvwn`vc~iY me nq bv, ZLb bZzb wkvg cYqb KiZ nq|

2. wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv2.1 gvawgK I DPgvawgK ii wkvg 1995 mvj cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqbi KvR mb nq| l I beg kwYZ

1996 wkvel _K G wkvKg ev evqbi KvR i nq| DPgvawgK i 1998 wkvel _K cwigvwRZ I bevqbKZwkvKg ev evwqZ nq AvmQ| Gici `xN mgq RvZxq I AvRvwZK cwigj mvgvwRK, mvs wZK, A_bwZK IivRbwZK wewfb wekl Ki vb-wevb, Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi evcK cwieZb NUQ| cwieZbi mv_mv_ wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`v `Z cwiewZZ nQ| G Pvwn`vbyhvqx wkvK hyMvchvMx Kivi Rb wkvg DbqbAcwinvh nq co|

2.2 cPwjZ wkvgi Dci gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxvi djvdj wkvgi AbK`yejZv, AmwZ I mgmv wPwZ nqQ| G wkvg AwZgvvq Z I Z_ msewjZ hv wkv_xK gyL KiZDrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv mgvavb `Zv ARb, nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLvi Ges mRbkxjI Dvebx `Zv weKvki myhvM mxwgZ| wkv_xì bwZK I gvbweK Yvewji weKvki myhvMI Kg| cqvRbxqwelq Ges welqe hgb- Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Rjevqyi cwieZb I KiYxq, eqtmwKvj I cRbb ^v , Rvjvwbwbivcv BZvwì cwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkLb-kLvbvi kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv Gme `Zv wkLbi Rb wkvg iZ c` vb Kiv njI ev evqb Gjv h_vh_ iZcvq wb| wkv_xìK KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi GmemxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|

2.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvaghyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev evqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Giev evqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ G wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkvee vi ceZb Ges Gi Rb cqvRb mAbymvi wkvg Dbqb|

2.4 evsjv`ki icK 2021 (VISION 2012) Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjv Ges `kK gag Avqi`k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvagh_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|

2.5 GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning: The Treasure Within G gvawgKwkvK Rxeb cekvi gateway to life wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ KgRxeb ceki cqvRbxq hvMZvgvawgK wkvi gvag ARb| G hvMZv ARbi Rb cwZe`b wkLbi PviwU (Pillar) wPwZ Kiv nqQ|wkLbi G mg~n nQ-RvbZ kLv (Learning to know), KiZ kLv (Learning to do) wgjwgk _vKZ kLv(Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ nZ kLv (Learning to be) | Gme evevqbi gvag GKweskkZvxi DchvMx Rbkw mwi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqb|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 2

3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWjDkwfwK gWj (Objective Model) Abymvi DPgvawgK kwYi RvZxq wkvKg 2012 Dbqb Kiv nqQ| GwUKdjwfwK gWjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G gWj Abymvi wkvi j I mvaviY Dk wbaviY Ki Dk ARbDchvMx welq I welqwfwK Dk wbaviY Kiv nqQ| welqwfwK Dk ARbi Rb iwfwK cvwK wkLbdjwbaviY Kiv nq| cvwK wkLbdjK kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK eywexq,AveMxq I gbvcwkR- G wZb fvM wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK wfw Ki kwY DchvMx welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb Kkjmn hveZxq wkv Kvhg wbaviY Kiv nq|

4. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ cwqvmKvwi GWyKkb mi WfjcgU cR (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wkvg IcvVcy K evWi mvweK Zveavb GmBGmwWwc Gi wkvg wekle`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkvg kvLvi KgKZve`Ges wbevwPZ RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK wkvq wekl I Awf kwYwkKimg^q MwVZ wewfb KwgwU wkvg Dbqb Kib| wkvg Dbqb cwqvi wewfb chvq mvw`Z KvRi mswweeiY Dc vcb Kiv njv:

cevn wP RvZxq wkvg Dbqb cwqv

wkK

wkv cwZvb wkv ckvmK,wkvwe`, eywRxex cPwjZ wkvg

Ae v weklY I Pvwn`v wbicY

wkv_x

mgvR, iv IAvRvwZK Pvwn`v

ivxq g~jbxwZ

RvZxq wkvbxwZ2010

wkvgi iciLv cYqb

welqwfwK wkvg cYqb

wkvgi mg^qmvabI mvweK ic`vb

RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZKRvZxq wkvg 2012 Abygv`b

RvZxq wkvg 2012 3

4.1 Ae v weklY4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv

GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (l-v`k kwY) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib|hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi mej I yèj w`K Ges wkv_xì wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZvhvPvB Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|

4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqbGmBGmwWwci wkvg weklMY gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 kxlK GKwUMelYv cwiPvjbv Kib| G mgxvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K, ev evqbi cwZeKZv I cwigvRbimg~n wPwZ Ges wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`v wbicY Kiv nq|

4.1.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 gvawgK wkv mwKZ avivmg~n chvjvPbv Ki bZzb wkvg Dbqbi wfZ Zwi Kiv nq|RvZxq wkvbxwZi wfwZB cPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv `vmv, BsiwR) wkvK wbw ` chvq ch mgw^Z I GKgyLxwkvgi AvIZvq Afy Kivi c`c bIqv nq| G ee vq me aibi wkv cwZvb c_g _K Ag kwY chGKB wkvg Abymvi wkv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ ne|

4.1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi wkvg chvjvPbvmgmvgwqK weki wbevwPZ KqKwU `ki- fviZ, kxjv, gvjqwkqv, wmvcyi, Awjqv (AivR), hyivR(AivR) Ges KvbvWvi (AivR) wkvg chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme `ki wkvee vi wekl Ki wkvgiwekl w`Kmg~n chvjvPbv Ki evsjv`ki cwiw wZZ Gì DchvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|

4.1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv`k-we`k cKvwkZ wkv I wkvg welqK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gjvi gaDjLhvM KqKwU nQ-GKwesk kZvxi wkv mwKZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkbi cwZe`b UNESCO (1996)Learning: The Treasure Within; ONeill, Geraldine (2010) Programme Design: Overview of CurriculumModels; Marsh, C.J (1997) Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum; Sheehan, John (1986)Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW cwiPvwjZ (2012) wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg, wkK cwkYwkvg I cvVcy K Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b (2012), Rjevq~ cwieZb I `yhvMee vcbv, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkv|ZvQvov evsjv`ki wewfb cK, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvb Ges ms v wkvg Afywi Rb 31wU cwZe`bRgv `q| Gme cwZe`b chvjvPbv Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi ee v bIqv nq|31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v ,GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk, Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkvKg BZvw`|

4.2 wkvgi iciLv cYqbAe vi weklY _K j AwfZv I djvdji wfwZ GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` RvZxq civgkKi wb `kbvqwkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfb chvqi wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY cevn wP wbaviY Kib| GmeiDci wfw Ki wkvgi iciLv cYqb Kiv nq|

4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK g~jevai wfwZ `kcg weKvki myhvM mw bwZKZv I gvbweK g~jeva weKvki Dci iZ c` vb Abymwrmv, mRbkxj I Dvebx gZv ewi myhvM c` vb wevbgb I KggyLx Kivi Dci iZ Avivc AvaywbK chyw eenvii hvMZv ARbi myhvM mw ZvwK vbi mv_ ev egyLx I cqvMgyLx wkvi myhvM ew Rxeb`Zv ARbi myhvM mw me aibi elg Aemvbi j gvbevwaKvii Dci iZ c` vb wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi Dci iZ c` vb

RvZxq wkvg 2012 4

4.2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì AMmiY cevn wP

RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwZ AwZ AMmiY cevn wPvbymvi 8eQi gqvw` evaZvg~jK I AeZwbK cv_wgKwkv kl Ki gav I ceYZvi wfwZ wkv_xì GKwU Ask Pvi eQi gqvw` gvawgK wkvq Ges Ab AskwUewg~jK wkvq cek Kie| gvawgK wkv kl Zviv DP wkvq hve| Ze gvawgK chvqi c_g yèQi klKD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvixì GKwU Ask cek `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie,Abiv DPZi `Zvi ewg~jK wkv MnY Kie| GB wkv kl wKQz msLK wkv_x KvwiMwi wkvq hve GesAbiv gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DPwkvq (ckvMZ) hve, KDevgagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| DPwkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| Gfve wewfb vbI `Zv wbq Zviv KgRxeb i Kie|

4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iLwkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iciLvwU wkvg weklMYi ek KqwU AfixY mfvqchvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ wkvKg iciLvwU RvZxq chvqi 2wU mwgbvi Dc vcb IchvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK-wkvqwekl, wkv ckvmK, kwYwkK AskMnY Kib| G mwgbvi evsjv`k RvZxq msmì KqKRb gvbbxq mvsmÌ RvZxq chvqi ek KqKRb bZe` AskMnY Ki gZvgZ c` vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwik weePbvqiL wkvKg iciLvwU cwigvRb Kiv nq| cwigvwRZ iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW Ges RvZxqwkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygvw`Z nq|

4.2.4 wkvgi iciLvq Afy welqmg~n nQ wkvi j I mvaviY Dk, iwfwK wbevwPZ welq, welqwfwKbi^ eb I mvvwnK wcwiqW msLv, wkveli Kgwèm, wcwiqWi evw, RvZxq wèmmg~n KiYxq BZvw`|

DPZi `Zviewg~jK wkv

DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)

gvawgK wkvbeg _K v`k kwY(mvaviY, gv `vmv)

DPZi `ZviKg

gagvbi `ZviKg

cek `Zvi KgKvwiMwi wkv

ewg~jK wkv

cv_wgK/GeZ`vwq wkv(c_g _K Ag kwY)

cvK-cv_wgK wkvKg

Rxeb

RvZxq wkvg 2012 5

4.3 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqbwkvgi iciLvi wfwZ cwZwU welqi wkvg Dbqbi Rb RvZxq chvqi wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK I GbwmwUweZ KgiZ weklMYi mg^q cwZwU welqi Rb 5 _K 8 m`m wewk GKwU KiKwgwU wkv gYvjq KZK MVb Kiv nq| cwZwU welq KwgwUZ mg^qKvix wnmve `vwqZ cvjb Kib GmBGmwWwciGKRb wkvg wekl|

4.3.1 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb KwgwUmg~nK wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY `Iqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU nQ (K) wkvgi iciLv cwiwPwZ I wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv (L) wkvg Dbqb cwqv Ges wkvg DbqbiwbavwiZ QK I Gi eenvi (M) QKwfwK nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|

4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmvbIqv nq:(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwKwkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cvwKwkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW msLv, AavqwfwK welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv wb `kbv, g~jvqb wb `kbv I cvVcy K cYqb wb `kbv| hnZz beg - v`k kwY I GKv`k-v`kkwY AweQ` kwY, mnZz G `ywU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK-1 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRbi cqvRb nqwb|

4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Kib|Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dc vcbI chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Kib|

4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`,mswk fwUs KwgwU I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb welqK UKwbKvjKwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq welqwfwK wkvg Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|chvjvPbvi AvjvK mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Kib|

4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e c ZKZ wkvgiiciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|

4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^welqi wkvg wbweofve chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq KwgwUwkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|

4.3.7 wkvgwU UKwbKvj I fwUs KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ciwkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 6

4.4 wkvg Dbqb wewfb chvqi Kvhgchvq Kvhg Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`

1. Ae vi weklY 1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvgchvjvPbv

1.2 gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb IPvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 cwiPvjbv

1.3 Dbqbkxj I DbZ KqKwU `kiwkvg chvjvPbv

1.4 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZchvjvPbv

1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`

1.2 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

1.3 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`

2. wkvgiiciLv cYqb

2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv wbaviY

2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiYcevn wP cYqb

2.3 wkvgi iciLv cYqb

2.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvgwekle`

2.2 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvgwekle`

2.3.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

2.3.2 RvZxq mwgbvi `ywUZAskMnYKvixe`

3. welqwfwKwkvg Dbqb

3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci wbweo cwkYc` vb

3.2. welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb

3.1. wkvg civgkK I UKwbKvjKwgwU

3.2.1 wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK, GbwmwUwe IGmBGmwWwci weklMYimg^q MwVZ welqwfwK wkvgDbqb KwgwU

3.2.2 wefvMxq Kgkvjvq AskMnYKvixwelqwfwK wkK IGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

3.2.3 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4. wkvgi

mg^q mvab IAbygv`b

4.1. wkvgi mvgwMKfve chvR AskZwi I mKj Aski mg^q RvZxqwkvg 2012 ic`vb

4.2. RvZxq wkvg 2012 P~ov Abygv`b

4.1.1 wkvg civgkK I GmBGmwWwciwkvg wekle`

4.1.2 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4.1.3 cdkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe4.2 RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU

RvZxq wkvg 2012 7

5. RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk5.1 mvaviY, gv `vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|5.2 Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges K vwiqvi wkv mshvRbi cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k

I wekcwiPq welq mshvRb|5.3 Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v , Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ vw` welqe mshvRb|5.4 6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z ` bMvxi fvlv I ms wZ welq mshvRb|5.5 hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvwì welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve Uz wiRg G

nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq mshvRb|5.6 ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.7 fvlv Av` vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag `kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c` vb| ` kvZeva

weKvki gvag AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|5.8 wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|5.9 gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi cwieZ kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv G PviwU `Zv kwYK

Abykxjbi gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|5.10 wkLb-kLvbv Kkji gvag wkv_xìK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK, wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR

Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c` vb|5.11 hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb, Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvn wevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v ,

Kg I RxebgyLx wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK Aski ga mg^q mvab GeswkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK Kivi myhvM c` vb|

5.12 nvZ Kjg Ki kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki kLvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.13 kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|5.14 wkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw mwi Dci iZ c` vb|5.15 Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK, gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU

Aavqi iZ mshvRb|5.16 wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY, RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi

j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c` vb|5.17 wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|5.18 cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgwèmi msLv ew|5.19 RvZxq wèmmg~n zj Lvjv iL wèm D`hvcbi ee v ceZb|5.20 avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb yèjZv wPwZ Ki wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|5.21 cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c` vbi myhvM e Kiv|5.22 mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|6. wkvg iciLv6.1 l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk

jwkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `, hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rbm`mw|

6.2 Dk6.2.1 wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.2 wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv, kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi

cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv ` c~Y mK I bvqwePvieva my `pfve Mw_Z Kiv|6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc` vwqK g~jevai AvjvK wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I

MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.4 wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I

MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZmg Ki Mo Zvjv|

6.2.5 kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZGes `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi|

6.2.6 mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvmMo Zvjv|

6.2.7 evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv|6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi

gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 8

6.2.9 wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbiRb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv|

6.2.10 wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj GesmRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv|

6.2.11 wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvMKiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.12 `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci iZvivc Ki cwiekMZ Dcv`vbmK wkv_xì cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY I eenvi KivihvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.13 Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb v^ Ges ewMZ wbivcv BZvwì Dci iZvivc Kiwkv_xK ^v mZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, Rxeb`Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.14 wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I agvejx^ì cwZ kvkxj nZmnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.15 wkv_xi ga evOvwj Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxi bvix-cyil, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZvZZ I kveva mw Kiv|

6.2.16 wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, mvs wZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjvAbykxjbi wbqwgZ Af vm Mo Zvjv|

6.2.17 Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgms vbiRb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my `p Kiv|

6.2.18 mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv weKvk mg Kiv|6.2 welq KvVvgv

l, mg I Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, bî I mgq ebmKj avivi AvewkK welq(mvaviY wkv, gv `vmv wkv I BsiwR wkv aviv)

cixvibi^

mgqeb(Kvm wcwiqW)

mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK1. evsjv 150 5 87 1742. BsiwR 150 5 87 1743. MwYZ 100 4 70 1404. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 53 1065. wevb 100 4 70 1406. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 35 70

7.gvU 650 23 402 804

mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welqag I bwZK wkv:Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn yàg I bwZK wkv/ wLag I bwZK wkv/eag I bwZK wkv

100 3 53 106

8. kvixwiK wkv I ^v 50 2 35 709. Kg I RxebgyLx wkv 50 2 35 7010. Pvi I KviKjv 50 2 35 70

gvU 250 9 158 316mvaviY avivi HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)

11. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/Aviwe/msZ/cvwj 100 2 35 70megvU 1000 34 595 1190

è: c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU| kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW| `wbK cviwK mgvek (Assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav weiwZi evw 45wgwbU| `yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav weiwZi evw 25wgwbU|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 9

6.3mvaviY wkv avivi beg I `kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, bi^ I mgq ebwelqi aib welq cixvi

bi^mgqeb

(Kvm wcwiqW)mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK

AvewkK

1. evsjv 200 5 80 1602. BsiwR 200 5 80 1603. MwYZ 100 4 64 1284. ag I bwZK wkv

(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn y`ag I bwZK wkv/wLag I bwZK wkv / eag I bwZK wkv)

100 2 32 64

5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 32 646. Kvwiqvi wkv 50 1 16 327. kvixwiK wkv, ^v wevb I Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64

gvU 800 21 336 672kvLvwfwK welqwevb kvLviRb AvewkK

welq

8. c`v_wevb 100 3 54 1089. imvqb 100 3 54 10810.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ 100 3 54 10811.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 54 108

wevb kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bIqv

hve)

12.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/f~Mvj I cwiek/Pvi IKviKjv/msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212eemvq wkvkvLvi Rb

AvewkK welq

8. eemvq D`vM 100 3 54 1089. wnmvewevb 100 3 54 10810.wdbv I evswKs 100 3 54 10811.wevb 100 3 54 108

eemvq wkvkvLvi HwQK

welq(GKwU bIqv

hve)

12.f~Mvj I cwiek/ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212gvbweK kvLviRb AvewkK

welq

8. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv 100 3 54 1089. f~Mvj I cwiek 100 3 54 10810. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 10811. wevb 100 3 54 108

gvbweK kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bqv

hve)

12.A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pvi IKviKjv/Kwlwkv /Mvn wevb/z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/ Aviwe/msZ/cvwj/ msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212`e: wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv _K hKvbv GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ

ne| mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW AbywZ ne| wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|* kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK

welq wnmve wbZ cvie|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 10

6.4 GKv`k-v`k kwYi welqKvVvgv (ay 2013-2014 wkveli Rb chvR)

2013 - 2014 wkveli Rb RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi GKv`k I v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv wbic :1. wkv_x wbi hKvbv GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ cvie| kvLvmg~n nQ -

K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ2. mKj kvLvi AvewkK welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkvg) 2. BsiwR (cyivZb wkvg) 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n wbic -

kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)wevb 4. c`v_wevb

5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ

7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) cKkj AsKb I IqvKkc c vKwUm(cyivZb wkvg), (R)*xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwciwkv_x`i Rb

gvbweK hKvbv wZbwU welq :4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ5. cibxwZ I mykvmb6. A_bxwZ7. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg8. fMvj9. hywwe`v

10. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v, (O)mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ(S) Bmjvg wkv, (T) gbvwevb, (U) cwimsLvb, (V) b-wevb (bZzbwkvg cYqb mvc) (W) Kwlwkv (X) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (_) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_evmsZ (cyivZb wkvg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg), (b) DPZiMwYZ, (c) *xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwci wkv_x`i Rb

eemvqwkv

4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv A_ev

Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb

7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M),cwimsLvb, (N) fMvj, (O) A_bxwZ, (P) Kwlwkv, (Q) Mvn A_bxwZ(cyivZb wkvg), (R) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv (2015-16wkvel ch Pje)

Bmjvgwkv

4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkvg)

7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb(cyivZb wkvg), (O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ

Mvn A_bxwZ

4. mvaviY wevb Ges Lv` I cyw wevb5. eenvwiK wkKjv Ges e I cvlvK wk6. Mn eevcbv I wkeaY Ges cvwievwiK mK(cyivZb wkvg)

7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg,(O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/DPv(cyivZb wkvg), (R)mvwPweKwe`v I Awdm ee vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkv

msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)5. DPv msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_evBwZnvm

7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N) hywwe`v,(O) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZb wkvg), (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg

* BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| ZgwbfvemgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK welq wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|

* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski

wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I

cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 11

6.5 RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abymvi GKv`k-v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv (2014-2015 wkvel nZ KvhKi ne)

1. wkv_xK wbi hKvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ ne| kvLvmg~n nQK. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv kvLv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ

2. mKj kvLvi Rb AvewkK welq 1. evsjv 2. BsiwR 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n-kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK wZbwU welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)

wevb 4. c`v_wevb5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ

7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) gwKvwevb, (R) cKkj AsKb IIqvKkc c vKwUm (cyivZb wkvKg), (S)*xov (cyivZb wkvg),

gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm ImswZ

5. cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_bxwZ A_evhywwe`v

6. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg A_ev fMvj

7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v,(O) mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) Bmjvg wkv, (R) gbvwevb,(S) cwimsLvb, (T) b-wevb (bZzb wkvg cYqb mvc) (U)Kwlwkv (V) Mvn wevb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwjA_ev msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (_) *xov (cyivZb wkvg)

eemvqwkv

4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b

ee vcbv I wecYb

7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M)UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m` Dbqb (bZzb wkvgcYqb mvc), (O) cwimsLvb, (P) fMvj, (Q) A_bxwZ, (R)Kwlwkv, (S) Mvn wevb, (T) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv(2015-16 wkvel ch)

Bmjvgwkv

4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe

7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb,(O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ

Mvn wevb 4. wki weKvk5. Lv` I cyw6. Mn ee vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb

7. (K) wkKjv I e cwiQ`, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N)mgvRKg, (O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb

mxZ 4. jNy mxZ5. DPv mxZ6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev

BwZnvm

7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N)hywwe`v, (O) Mvn wevb, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg

* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve

mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|

mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski wkLb-

kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I

cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 12

7. wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkjwkvgi myz evevqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiY A_vr wkLbdj ARb cavbZ `ywU welqi Dci wbfikxj|mePq iZc~YwU nQ kwYwkKi mwq mnhvwMZv I h_vchy wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkji myy cqvM GeswZxqwU nQ gvbmZ cvVcyK I Abvb wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi| Dfq B wkKi f~wgKv AZ iZc~Y|GK K_vq wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiYi wkKi Pq Dg Avi wKQy bB| GLvb weklfve DjL, AbK KwVbI RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb AbK kg I mgq cqvRb Zv h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj cqvM mnR I Kg mgq mwVKfvemb Kiv me| wkv_xi wkLbi I G wbqg chvR| wkK c~ec wZ wbq Kg cwikg Ges AcvKZ Kgmgq h_vh_ cwZ I Kkj cqvM wkv_xi wkLbdj ARb wbwZ KiZ cvib|

7.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi weeP welq7.1.1 wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwqZv LyeB iZc~Y| mwqZvi `ywU -gvbwmK mwqZv I `wnK mwqZv|

gvbwmK mwqZv A_vr wkYxq welq wkv_xi wPb cwqv Dx Kiv| Ggb mgmv, ck ev KvR Ìqv hvi mgvavbwPv Ki ei KiZ nq| `wnK mwqZv njv nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLv| wkv jvf cwqvq wkv_xK mwq ivLvMj Kg mgq I mnR wkLb me|

7.1.2 gvbyl GK aibi KvR `xN mgq gbvhvM w`Z cvi bv| wkì gbvhvM Ìqvi evw eqì Pq Kg|wewfb MelYvq `Lv MQ, 12 _K 16 eQi eqmx wkì G evw 8 _K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbfi KiKvRwU KZUv AvKlYxq Ges Avb``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe kwY Kvhg ne ewPc~Y| AvjvPbv, `jMZ KvR, M,jLv, AuvKv, weZK, Awfbq, nvZ-Kjg KvR, ckvi, c` kb BZvw` cvVi mv_ mwZ iL cqvM Kiv nj wkv_xigbvhvM ai ivLv me|

7.1.3 cZK ewB Z^ (every individual is a unique)| wkv_xì Zv ewk weePbvi `vwe ivL| cZKwkv_x Zvi wbRi gZv Ki wbR MwZZ kL| ZvB ew^vZ i K_v weePbvq iL h_vme wkv_xi DchvMxDcvq mnhvwMZv Ìqv nj wkv_xi c wkvjvf mnR nq|

7.1.4 wkvK ejv nq eK cwqv| eKi Dci eK vcb Ki weivU BgviZ Zwi Kiv nq| GKBfve Rvbv AwfZv, vb I`Zvi Dci wfw Ki bZzb vb, `Zv I g~jeva ARb mnR mnvqZv Ìqv hvq| ZvB wkv_xi Rxeb _K Dcgv,D`vniY w`q Ges c~ej vb, `Zvi mv_ mshvM vcb Ki bZzb vb, `Zv ARb mnvqZv Kiv nj wkv jvfmnR nq|

7.1.5 wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zv eyS wkLe| Kvbv welq mK my aviYv jvf Kie| bv eyS gyL Kiv h_v_ wkv bq|GZ wkLbi mvjb nq bv| eyS wkLj ev Kvbv mgmv mgvavbi hyw I cwZ eyS cqvM Kij Abyic mgmvimgvavb wkv_x wbRB KiZ cvi| ZvB wkLbi Rb gyLi Pq eySvi Dci iZ Ìqv cqvRb|

7.1.6 wkv jvf h_vh_ wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi AZ iZc~Y| me welqB Kg-ewk wkvcKiY eenvii myhvMAvQ| wkvcKiYi mvnvh RwUj I weg~Z welqK mnR I g~Z Ki Dcvcb Ki welqwUK aviYv Ìqv hvq|GKwU QvU MvQ kwYZ c` kb Ki MvQi wewfb Ask ev gvwwgwWqvq m~hMnY `Lvj hZ mnR mwVK aviYv jvf meAb Kvbvfve Zv me bq| gvwwgwWqv eenvii myhvM bv _vKj P`, cw_ex I m~hi Awfbq ev PvU eenvi Kivhvq|

7.1.7 wkLbK vqxKiYi Rb cqvRb Abykxjbi eev| bZzbfve AwRZ vb, `Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv nj GKw`Khgb wkLb vqx nq, Abw`K wkLb mvjbi myhvM mw nq|

7.1.8 wkv ARbi wkv_xi cwZ wkKi mnvbyf~wZc~Y AvPiY LyeB iZc~Y| wkK-wkv_xi mK Ggb ne hbwkv_x ay jLvcov welqK mgmv bq, Zvi h Kvbv ewMZ, cvwievwiK mgmv webv msKvP wkKi mv_ AvjvPbvKi| wkK mgmv mgvavb civgk wèb Ges mvagZ mnvqZv Kieb| wkK-wkv_xi gvS Kvbv `qvj _vKe bv|mK ne mn-kvi Ges LyeB Nwb I AvwiK|

7.1.9 wkKi wekvm _vKZ ne h, Zuvi mKj wkv_xB kLvi mvg_ mb| mevi kLvi Dcvq I MwZi ga cv_K _vKZcvi, Ze Dchy cwiek I mnhvwMZv cj mevB kL| Kvb wkv_xi cwZ wkKi bwZevPK gbvfve _vKj HwkK _K wkv_xi DcKZ nIqvi mvebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cwZwU wkv_xi cwZ wkKi DP aviYv _vKv evbxq|Kvb wkv_xK KLbI Zvi gv_vq Mvei, ZvK w`q wKQyB ne bv, Mvav, Ac`v_ BZvw` Kvbv aibi bwZevPKev wbirmvng~jK K_v ejv hve bv| eZ eenvi ev Kvbv cKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw c` vb wkv jvfi AivqGes ivxq AvBb kvwhvM Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv `wLq eis Drmvn c` vb Kiv nj wkv_xi kLvi AvMn AbKUvBeo hvq|

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8. wkLb gZev`8.1 wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and

Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory ofPavlov); Kvnjvi I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf` wkì AeaviYgZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZevÀeaviY gZv ev mvg_i ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ| fvMjvnQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M) 7-11 eQi ev e KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_ i welqweePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvfKiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK| wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wekmevwaK AvjvP wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|

8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)wkv_x wKfve kL G mK wkv gbvwevbxì AevnZ cPvi dj D~Z mevaywbK Z nQ MVbev`| jvwUbk Constrvere _K Construct kwUi Drcw hvi A_ webvm Kiv ev MVb Ìqv| ZvB G Zi g~jK_v njv aviYvMVbB wkLb| cwZ gyn~Z Bw`q Mvn Z_ viv Avgvì wPbi ga h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZb nQ Zvi gvagBwkLb cwqv NU| cZK wkv_x wbRi AwfZv Ges cvwicvwkKZv Abyavb Ki wbRi gZv GKKfve bZzb vb IaviYv MVb Ki| ew bZzb wKQyi myLxb nj m GUvK Zvi c~ej vb I AwfZvi AvjvK hvPvB Ki MnY Ki|GfveB ew bZzb aviYv ev vb ARb Ki| hvPvBq bZzb welqK Aevi gb nj GUvK m evwZj Ki `q|wkLbi Jerome Bruner cwiek I fvlv weKvki Dci ewk cvavb w`qQb| Zuvi gZ, vbweKvki cwieki f~wgKv ewk Ges vbweKvki wewfb i wk vbi AvIZvfz wewfb mgmvi mgvavb wewfbfve `q| GUvwbfi Ki wki c~e AwfZv I vbi Dci|David Jonassen gb Kib MVbev` wkKi f~wgKv ne bZzb aviYv MVb wkv_xK mnvqZv Kiv| ay Z I Z_mieivn Kiv bq| wkK mgmv-mgvavb ev Abymvbi wb `kbv wèb, wkv_xiv hvZ wbRivB AbywgZ aviYv Zwi Icixv Ki wmv wbZ cvi Ges `jMZ wkLb cwiek AbìK Zv RvbvZ cvi| G cwqvq vb jvfi gvagwkv_xiv wKfve DcKZ nQ Zv D`NvUb KiZ wkK wkv_xì DrmvwnZ Kib| Jonassen AviI gb Kib h,wkv_xiv wbRiv wbRìK ck Ki Ges Zvì eeZ cwZ Kkji h_v_Zv hvPvB Ki wbRivB g gAwf wkv_xZ cwiYZ nq, wKfve wkLZ nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv Avq Ki dj| Gfve Zviv Rxebevcxwkv_xZ (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G ee vq wkv_x AwRZ aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfwKi gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I `wfw ARb Kie|David Jonassen Gi gZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne- MwVZ (Constructed) : wkv_xiv Zvì c~evb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi

gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie| mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbRì aviYv mw Kie| wkK ZvìK cqvRbxq wb `kbv wèb Ges

wkv_xìK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki wèb|wkv_xìK wbRì j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv wèb|

8. wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkjwkv_xi wkLb AbKvsk wbfi Ki wkK KZK cwiPvwjZ cwZ I Kkji Dci| wkv_xì gZv I ceYZvGes cvVi ewki wfwZ cwZ I Kkj wbevPb Kiv cqvRb| cwZ I Kkj mwVK nj Ges h_vh_fvecqvM Kiv nj wkv_x mnR wkLZ cvi| GLvb KqKwU cwZ I Kkji msw cwiPq Ìqv njv|

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8.1 ck-Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)ck-Di GKwU ej cPwjZ I KvhKi cwZ| G cwZi mwVK cqvMi gvag wkv_xK mwq iL wkLbmnhvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfb Dk ck Kiv nq _vK| kLvi Rb ck, wkLbdj ARb cwigvci Rb ck, Kvb weklKgi DchvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb ck, BZvw` ek KqKwU aib iqQ|

8.2 ck Kivi ixwZ mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| c_g Kvbv wkv_xK wbw` Ki ZvK ck Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv

wbwq _vK, AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| mevBK mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq| wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq Ìqv| Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| Di`vb mg wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di Ìqvi Afvm ZvM

KivZ ne| wkv_xK wbw ` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di Ìqvi myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK

myhvM Ìqv| cqvRb Di`vb BwZ w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv| mwVK Di cybivew Kiv| Gici c~e nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv| cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv

nq|8.2.1 cki aib

cki fvlv ne mnR I kwY DchvMx| ck ne wkv_xi wPv DxcK I ciYv mwKvix| Kb, wKfve, KviY Kx, evLv Ki, weklY Ki, Zzjbv Ki

BZvw` viv ck Kiv nj wPv Ki Di ei KiZ nq| hme cki Di nu v ev bv Ggb ck bv KivB fvj| wZ wbfi ck hgb Kx, K, Kv_vq, KqwU ev KvK ej

BZ vw` ck hZUv me cwinvi Kiv| chvqg Ggbfve ck Kiv hb ckmg~ni Di _K welqe mK aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cqvRb

ckvii gvS gvS AvjvPbv Kiv| Abymvbg~jK ck (probing question) A_vr GKwU cki Di _K D~Z ck Ki welqi c~YZv Avbv cqvRb|

hgb-g~j ck : we`vjq wkv_xì Mo Dcw wZ KZ?Di : mvaviY mgq 85%, wekl mgq 50%Abymvbg~jK ck : wekl mgq Kg Kb?Di : avb ivcY I avb KvUvi gmyg Qjgqì AbK KwlKvR AwffveKK mnvqZv Ki ZvB Zvivwe`vjq Avm bv|

8.2.2 wkKi KiYxq mwVK Dii Rb wkv_xK Drmvn c` vb fyj Dii Rb wb `kbv I wkLZ AbyciYv Ìqv mwVK Dii cm Ub AvjvPbvi gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv wkv_xK ck KiZ myhvM Ìqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wkv_xi cki Di Ìqv|

9. `jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK cwZ GKwU mdj wkLbcwZ| G cwZZ GKB eqtgi ev GKB chvqi wkv_xivcii wg_wqvi gvag wkv jvf Ki| G wkKi f~wgKv civ wK iZc~Y| `jMZ KvRi gvagcwZwU wkv_xi ay vb-`ZvB ew cvq bv, mv_ mv_ ek wKQy gvbweK Yvewji weKvk NU| K_v kvbvi I K_vejvi kLjv AbymiY, cigZ mwnzZv, bZZ, mgSvZv BZvw` Yvewji weKvk NU|

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9.1 `j MVbwewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg_ i wkv_xì `j, wgk mvg_ i wkv_xì `j, welqwfwK `j,AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_ `ji myweav Abì Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZwelqi Rb bZzb Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW Kvm bb) `jMVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb Kieb| GZ wkv_xì wg_wqvi cwimi ewcvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6Rb _K 8Rb nj fvj, Ze 10Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg_vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|

9.1.1 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm`jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm Ggb ne hvZ `ji mKj wkv_x gyLvgywL emZ cvi| kwYKi AvKvi eo njGes chv Avmevec _vKj, cwZ `j Mvj Uweji Pvicvk eme| Gic Avmevec bv _vKj cvKv gSZgv`yiI Mvj nq emZ cvi| bZzev c_g ei wkv_xiv Nyi wZxq ei gyLvgywL eme, Gfve ZZxq eNyi PZz_ ei gyLvgywL| G cwZ `ji wkv_xìK ci ci yè emZ ne| wkK `jMZ KvR eywSqÌqvi mv_ mv_B `jefve em `jMZ KvR i KiZ ne| Avmevec UvbvUvwb Ki mgq b Kiv hve bv|

9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cwqv `j fvM nIqvi AvMB mgeZ Kvm wkK Ki `jMZ KvR eywSq w` eb| wkK `ji GKRbK GKwU KvRi Rb `jbZv gbvbqb wèb| chvqg `ji cZKK `jbZvi `vwqZ

wèb| wkv_xiv `j fvM nq eme| `ji cZK welqwU wbq wPv Kie| Zvici AvjvPbv i Kie| GKRb K_v

ejvi mgq Abiv gb w`q be| K_vi gvS KD K_v eje bv| Ze AvjvPbv Ah_v `xN ev cm ewnf~Z nj`jbZv f`fve wbqY Kie|

`ji cZK AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie| AvjvPbvi gvag Z, Z_, hyw Dc vcb I hyw Lb Kie| Kviv K_v AcQ` nj ev gbtcyZ bv nj ah ai bZ ne, ci hyw w`q Lb Kiv hve, ivM Kiv ev Akvfb

AvPiY Kiv hve bv| Rvi Ki Abì Dci wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq Ìqvi Pv Kiv hve bv| AvjvPbvi djvdj `ji wmv wnmve wjLZ ne Ges mevBK gb wbZ ne| cieZxZ mgeZ Kvm wkKi wb `kvbymvi H AvjvPbvi `jbZv `ji cwZe`b Dc vcb Kie| Ab `ji ck

_vKj `ji c h Kvbv GKRb Di w` e| `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq Kvbv gZvbK ev mgmv `Lv w`j `jbZv nvZ Zzj wkKi wb `kbv PvBe|

9.1.3 `jMZ KvRi aib`jMZ KvR cavbZ Abymvbg~jK ev mgmvwfwK ne| `jMZ KvRi welq wPv DxcK, mRbkxj I weklYagxne| mvaviY Z, Z_ ev vbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ AvjvPbvi welq nq bv| ZvZ Abymvb ev wPv DxcK wKQy_vK bv|

9.1.4 `jMZ KvRi KqKwU D`vniYK. evsjv`k _K wewfb cRvwZi cvwL gvMZ wejy nIqvi KviY I Zvì ivi Dcvq Abymvb|L. Mvgi wbii gvbylK ^v mPZb Kivi wkv_xì KiYxq wbaviY|M. cixYi gvag wewfb cKvi gvwUi ewk wPwZKiY|N. evsjv`ki wkì AwaKvi ivq miKvi, mgvR I AwffveKi KiYxq wbaviY|O. GKwU AbyQì mvigg D`&NvUb|

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9.1.5 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bqK. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~ni bvgL. evsjv`ki f~-cKwZi eYbvM. mvK `kmg~ni ivRavbx, RbmsLv I gv_vwcQy AvqN. cigvYyi MVb eYbvO. Z_ AwaKvi AvBb eYbv

9.1.6 `jMZ KvRi gvag wkLb yèjZvi Aemvbwkv_xì KD KD wewfb KviY wbavwiZ wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi bv| avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkLb`yejZvmb wkv_xì wPwZ Ki Zvì Rb wekl `jMZ KvRi eev Kiv hvq| G GKB kwYi GKRbwkLbdj ARbKvix PKm wkv_xK `jbZv wnmve `ji AbìK wkLb mnhvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ Ìqv nq|wkK `jbZvK c~eB cqvRbxq wb `kbv w`q `b| mgchvqi wkv_x viv Ab wkv_xìK wkLb mnhvwMZvÌqvK Peer Learning ejv nq|

9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkKi KiYxq`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkK Nyi Nyi cZK `ji KvR cheY Kieb| hLvb hLb cqvRb wb `kbv ImnvqZv wèb| cieZxZ `jMZ KvR Dc vcbi mgq fyj-vw ev Am~YZv _vKj awiq wèb|

10. c` kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)c` kb cwZi g~jK_v njv Kvbv wKQy `wLq GwU mK aviYv jvf wkv_xìK mnvqZv Kiv| Kvbv wKQyDc vcb ay eYbv ev AvjvPbvq mxgve bv _K Zv `Lvbv nj aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges GZ wkv_xì AvMnI Drmvn ew cvq| G cwZZ cvVi welq mswk ev e e ev cZfve cwqv `wLq eYbv, AvjvPbv ev ck-Dii gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv nq| hgb- GKwU Rev dzji Askjv `wLq dzji Askjvi mKaviYv ARb mnvqZv Kiv; kwYK wkv_xì mvgb hcvwZ mshvRb Ki ` vi mv_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmWwgwkq nvBWvRb c Z Ki `Lvbv BZvw`|AbK ev e e ev NUbv mivmwi `Lvbv me nq bv| m Aaev ei mvnvh aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kivhvq| hgb- P` ev m~hMnY mK aviYv jvfi Rb kwYK wmwW ev wWwfwWi gvag gvwwgwWqvq cw_ex IPuvì wbR wbR Kc_ N~Yb `wLq MnY NUvi welqwU cwivi Kiv hvq| cRi ev gvwwgwWqv bv _vKj PvUigvag `Lvbv hvq| ivj-c cwZZI kLvbv hvq| wekl wkv_xìK kwYKi evBi wbq ev eNUbv cZfve `wLq wkv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- f~wgqi KviYjv cZ `Lvbv hvq| me njHwZnvwmK vb wbq wewfb wb`kb `wLq I eYbv Ki aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- Kzwgjvi KvUevwokvjeb wenvi cwi`kb wbq ZrKvjxb emfZv mK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv|c` kb cwZZ wkv_xì Abymwrmv ew cvq| mnR mwVK aviYv jvf KiZ cvi| wkLb AcvKZ `xN vqxnq| c` kb cwZZ j ivLZ ne hb me wkv_x `LZ cvq|

11. Abymvbg~jK KvRi aibAbymvbg~jK KvR g~jZ KgKw`K cwZ| wWDBi mwqZv Zi wfwZ cwiPvwjZ G cwZZ wkv_xivGKKfve ev `jMZfve wbRì cPvq wbqgZvwK cwZZ wkv jvf Ki _vK| G cwZZ wkv_x Kvbvwelq ev NUbv ev mgmvi KviY, djvdj, cwZwqv BZvw` D`&NvUb Ki| bw_c chvjvPbv, cwi`kb, cheY,mvvrKvi MnY bvbvfve Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY- hyemgvRi AvKvk mswZi cwZ ceYZv ewi KviY I djvdj wk Aj evqy ~`lYi KviY I djvdj Lv` Drcv`b AwZgvvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK è eenvii cwZwqv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 17

12. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqvcZKwU Abymvbi Rb GKwU welq ev mgmv wbevPb KiZ nq| G cwZZ hveZxq Kvhg cavbZ cuvPwU chvqcwiPvwjZ nq| chvqjv nQ-K. mgmv/Dk wbaviYL. cwiKbv cYqbM. Z_ msMnN. Z_ weklYO. cwZe`b cYqbme c_g Kvhgi mgmv wPwZ Kiv ev Dk wbaviY KiZ nq| wZxq chvq mgM Kvhgi Rb cwiKbv cYqbKiZ nq| Dk ARbi Rb Kx Kx KiZ ne, KvbwU wKfve, Kx w`q, KLb KiZ ne-G meB cwiKbvq _vK|Z_ msMn Abymvbg~jK KvRi GKwU iZc~Y i| cvBgvwi ev mKvwi Drm nZ Z_ msMn KiZ ne| PZy_chvq Z_ weklY I djvdj cYqb KiZ ne| mekl wkv_x m~Y Abymvbg~jK KvRi Dci GKwU cwZe`bcYqb Kie|

13. wkLb- kLvbv Kvhg mK KqKwU K_vwkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj AbK aibi| Gi KqKwU wkKKw `K Ges KqKwU wkv_xKw `K| wkLb-kLvbvcwqvq wkv_xi mwq AskMnY wkvjvf mnvqK| me cwZiB Kgewk myweav I Amyweav AvQ| Ggb Kvbv cwZev Kkj bB hwU mKj wkv_xi Rb mgfve DchvMx ev me aibi welqe i Rb DchvMx| wkKi wewfb cwZI Kkji Dci `Zv Ges kwY I cvV DchvMx cwZ I Kkji h_vh_ cqvMi Dci wbfi Ki wkv_xi wkLbmvdj| Ggb Kvbv evaevaKZv bB h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wkKK GKwU cwZi Dci wbfi KiZ ne| cvVKdjcm~ Kivi Rb wkK cwiw wZ Abymvi GKvwaK cwZ I Kkji mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZcvib| cvVi mvdj wbfi Ki wkKi wePYZv, welqvb I wkLb cwZi h_vh_ cqvMi Dci| GRb ejv nq wkKBmevrK cwZ| wkv_xKw`K wkLb-kLvbv cwZ ewea| GLvb gv KqKwU wkv_xmwq cwZ msc Dc vcbKiv njv| Ze wkKi AwaK msLK cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv _vKv cqvRb| Zvnj wZwb h h cwZDchvMx Zv cqvM KiZ cvib| cqvRb GKvwaK cwZi mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib|cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wkK hw` eySZ cvib h cqvMKZ cwZ wkv_xì wkLb djcm~ nQ bv ZLb wZwb cwZcwieZb KiZ cvib| ZvB wkKì e cwZi Dci `Zv _vKv AvekK|

14. wkv_xi g~jvqbmvaviY A_ wkv_xi g~jvqb njv wkv Kvhg _K wkv_xi ARbi gvv wbYq Kiv| A_vr wkvg DjwLZ c~ewbavwiZ wkLbdj wkv_x KZUv ARb KiQ Zv wbicYB wkv_xi g~jvqb| hwÌ g~jvqb K_vwUi we wZ AbK evcK|Avgiv wewfb mgq bvbvfve wkv_xi g~jvqb Ki _vwK| g~jvqbi mgq I aib weePbvq wkv_xi g~jvqb cavbZ y`Bavivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~jvqb Ges (L) mvgwK g~jvqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw` cvVvsk _Kwkv_xi ARb g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G g~jvqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~jvqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw` mgq kl evKvhg kl mvgwqK cixv, evwlK cixv, GmGmwm cixv BZvw` cixvi gvag g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G aibig~jvqb nj mvgwK g~jvqb| avivevwnK I mvgwK Dfq avivi g~jvqbiB cqvRb AvQ| Ze avivevwnK g~jvqbiiZ AbK ewk| KviY- avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb yèjZv wPwZ Ki ZvrwYK wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| wkv_xi nvZ-Kjg eenvwiK KvR Kivi cwqv cheYi gvag g~j vqb Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq| wkv_xi wekl wKQz `Zv, hgb- kvbv, ejv, cov BZvw` Kg mgq, Kg LiP I mnR cwigvc Ki avc avc

wb `kbv Ìqv I wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| mvgwK g~jvqbi gvag AbK Gme ewki g~jvqb Kiv menq bv|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 18

wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva cZ cheYi gvagg~jvqb Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq|

G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji h_v_Zv I djcm~Zv wbaviY Ki ev`yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb AvbZ cvib|

15. avivevwnK g~jvqbavivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi yèjZv wPwZ Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq Ges cqvRb wbivgqg~jK ee v MnYKiv hvq|

15.1 kwYi KvRwkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf`kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi| AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY,gvbwP, jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi me wKQzB kwYi KvR|evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw` kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|

15.2 evwoi KvRwkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mbKie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ neb h, wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xiwPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_xìKcqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv wèb| wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR wèb| j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki| evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb

wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK| kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb

wkv_xK mRbkxj cki c wZZ mvnvh Ki mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbvKvhg Kjvg c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|

cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 30-35 wgwbUi ga mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZmvgwqK kwYZ cqvRbxq msLK evwoi KvR wèb|

15.3 kwY AfxvcwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY Afxv ^ mgqbIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne| wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hvebv| kwY Afxvi w`b kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|

16 mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixvRvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi cwZ wkvel `ywU mvgwqK fvM Kiv ne| mvgwqK Ges cvewjKcixvi ckc cYqb Ges Dic g~jvqb mRbkxj ckcwZi wb `kbv Abymvi msMwVZ ne| wkvg c` Aavqmg~nK `ywU mvgwqKi Rb eb KiZ ne| we`vjqi Kvhwèmi cwigvYi Dci wfw Ki Aavqmg~nKmvgwqK eb KiZ ne| c_g mvgwqK g~jvqbKZ Aavqmg~nK wZxq mvgwqK g~jvqbi Rb eenvi Kiv hvebv| mvgwqK kl Abyq cixv wkvg welq Ges ci Rb eivKZ c~Y bî ne| wkvg iciLviwelqKvVvgvq welqi c~Ybi^ Ìqv AvQ|mRbkxj ckcwZi ckc y`&B aibi ck _vKe| GKwU nQ ewbevPwb ck Ges AciwU nQ mRbkxj ck|ewbevPwb ckc wZb aibi ewbevPwb ck _vKe| Gjv nQ mvaviY ewbevPwb ck, ec`x mgvwm~PKewbevPwb ck Ges Awfb Z_wfwK ewbevPwb ck| ewbevPwb ckc wPb `Zvi Pvi ii ckAvbycvwZKnvi _vKe| mKj AavqK cixvi AvIZvfz KiZ ne| ckc cYqbi c~e wb `kK QK ZwiKiZ ne| cwZwU mRbkxj ck GKwU DxcK _vKe Ges DxcKi mv_ 4wU ck _vKe| ck 4wU w`q wPb`Zvi PviwU i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM Ges DPZi `Zv) hvPvB Kiv ne| Ze wnmvewevb MwYZ I DPZiMwYZ welqi wnmve mRbkxj ckc ay wPb `Zvi cqvM vii 3wU ck _vKe| 1wU mnR gvbi, 1wUgagvbi I GKwU Acv KwVb gvbi ck bi^ c` vb wb`wkKv AbymiY Ki Dic g~jvqb KiZ ne|

RvZxq wkvg 2012 19

wkvg Dbqb mswk KwgwU1. RvZxq wkvg mgq^ KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. W. Kvgvj Ave y`j bvmi Payix

mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|mfvcwZ

2. DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m3. W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`

Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ|m`m

4. hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv ee vcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awaì, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m9. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb

Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m

10. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkvevW, XvKv| m`m12. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &ìvmv wkvevW, XvKv| m`m13. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m14. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj

wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|m`m

15. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I MelYv BbwwUDUXvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

16. AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvbBmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

17. AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev KexiBsiwR wefvM RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

m`m

18. m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (cvVcy K), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m21. Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m

2. cdkbvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb

Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|mfvcwZ

2. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, XvKv| m`m3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, XvKv| m`m7. Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj

cavb mv`K, ekvLx Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|m`m

8. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m9. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU| m`m10. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &ìvmv wkv evW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv| m`m12. AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`

cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|m`m

RvZxq wkvg 2012 20

13. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv|

m`m

14. AavcK Kwdj Dxb Avng`civgkK, cv_wgK wkvg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

15. cdmi gynv` Avjxcvb m`m, wkvg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|(evmv-mK-gwfm 8g Zjv (cwg), 6/9, eK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|

m`m

16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m17. cdmi mvjgv AvLZvi

AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|m`m

18. Aa, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cavb wkK, MebgU jveiUwi nvB zj, avbgw, XvKv| m`m21. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` f~uBqv

weZiY wbqK, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m-mwPe

3. UKwbKvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt Ave y`yj Revi

cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv|(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230)

AvnevqK

2. AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZdmycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

3. cdmi Ave y`m myenvbcvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awaì(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)

m`m

4. AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqvcvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)

m`m

5. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkKGmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv|

m`m

6. cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwig Payixee vcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

7. W. Avyj gvjKAavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

8. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmbwkvg weklGmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

9. Rbve kvnxbviv eMgwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

10. Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvbwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

11. Rbve gvt dinv y`j BmjvgEaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m-mwPe

RvZxq wkvg 2012 21

4. fwUs KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. evsjv 1. AavcK Ave y`jvn Avey mvqx`

cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|2. cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg

Aa, miKvwi wevb KjR, XvKv|2. BsiwR 1. cdmi Ave y`m myenvb

cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i, XvKv|(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)

2. cdmi gvt kvgmyj nKcvb Wxb, evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, GvcvUgU-we-5, ivW bs68G, jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)

3. MwYZ 1. cdmi W. gvt Avyj gwZbMwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. cdmi W. gvt Avym Qvgv`MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

4. wevb 1. cdmi W. gvt AvwRRyi ingvbc`v_wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. Rbve gvnv` b~i Avjg wmwKxmnhvMx AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

5. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 1. cdmi W. nvib Di iwk`ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. W. mq` nvwdRyi ingvbmnhvMx AavcK, cwiek wevb wefvMRvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 1. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevjKwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvMkvn&Rvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|

2. Rbve gvt mwdDj Avjg LvbmnKvix AavcK, Z_ chyw BwUwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

7. cwiek cwiwPwZ 1. cdmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvjf~Z wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. cdmi W. gvt LexiDxbcwiek wevb wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

5. wkvg Dbqb KwgwUg bvg I c`ex KwgwUZ c`ex1 W. myivBqv cvifxb

KwDUvi mvqm wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|AvnevqK

2 W. gvneye Avnmvb LvbAvB.B.Avi, XvKv wekwe`vjq

m`m

3 Rbve gv. Ave`yj nv`xmnKvix AavcK, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, ZRMuvIKjR, XvKv|

m`m

4 Rbve gv. gvLjm Di ingvbwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

5 Rbve gv. gybvwei nvmbKvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

6 Rbve jyrdyi ingvbKvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

mg^qKvix

6. mvweK mgq^ KwgwUg bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb

KvwiKzjvg wekl I GmBGmwWwc dvKvj cqUKvwiKzjvg WfjcgU BDwbURvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|

mvweK mg^qKvix

2. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` fu~BqvweZiY wbqKRvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|

mvweK mg^qKvix

wkvgZ_ I hvMvhvM chyw

GKv`k I v`k kwY

Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw GKv`k-v`k kwY cv 1

1. f~wgKvGKwesk kZvxi mKj cKvi Pvj DiYi AbZg PvweKvwV nj Z_| mwVK mgq mwVK Z_ eenviigvag Dbqbi MwZ ZivwZ^ Kiv hvq| h hZ `Zvi mv_ Z_ msMn, msiY, eenvi I eevcbv KiZcvie m ZZ `Z Dbqbi w`K avweZ ne| ^Zg mgq Dbqbkxj Kvbv `kK DbZ `ki KvZvi wbqhZ nj Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi Kvb weK bB|

evsjv`k I evsjv`ki gZ Dbqbkxj `kjvZ G welq wkv w`b w`b Rbwcq nq DVQ| G RbwcqZvKKvR jvwMq ` Rbkw Zwi Kivi Rb cqvRb Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw wkvi gReyZ cvwZvwbK wfZ| G`wKvY _K RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 G cvwZvwbK wkvi mKj avivq l _K v`k kwY ch Z_ I

hvMvhvM chyw welqwU Afywi welq wb`kbv `Iqv nqQ|

G wb `kbvi cwZ RvZxq wkvg KvVvgvZ l _K v`k kwY ch Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqwUAfy Kiv nqQ Ges wkvg cYqb Kiv nqQ| hyMi Pvwn`v weePbv Ki avivevwnKfve wewfb welqe imgq^ Kiv nqQ G wkvg| welqwUi Dc vcbv Ggbfve Kiv nqQ hvZ wkv_xiv AvMni mv_ Gesb~bZg cPvq AvaywbK G chywi mv_ wbRK Lvc LvBq wbZ cvi| GKv`k I v`k kwYi wkvgcYqbi beg I `kg kwYi wkvgi avivevwnKZv AbymiY Kiv nqQ| cvkvcvwk wkv_xiv hvZfwelZ Kg ceki DchvMx nq Mo DV m welqI j ivLv nqQ|

Avkv Kiv hvq, G wkvg ev evqbi dj Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqK wkvi cwZ wkv_x`i AvMn ewcve Ges Rxebi wewfb Zv KvR jvwMq RvZxq Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZ mg ne|


2. Dk :1. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi Amxg mvebv mK AeMZ nIqv|2. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi Ki weki vb I Z_fvvi eenvi KiZ mg nIqv|3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi cfve geagvb cwieZbi cwZ BwZevPK `wfw ARb Kiv|4. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywZ Z_i Av`vb c` vbi cwqv mK vb jvf Kiv|5. `bw`b Rxebi wewfb mgmv mgvavb Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi ` nIqv|6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi Ki gav I mRbkxjZv weKvk mg nIqv|7. eKviZ wbimb, `vwi ` wegvPb, Kg mdjZv Ges Rxebhvvi gvb Dbqb Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw

eenvi mg nIqv|8. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi DcKiY eenvi cviwiK mnhvwMZvi gbvfve c` kbi gvag bZZi

Yvewj ARb Kiv|9. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvii bwZK AvPiY Af nIqv|10. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvii gvag Rxebevcx wkv jvf Kivi `wfw ARb Kiv|


c_g c3. Aavq webvm I mgq eb

Aavq Aavqi wkivbvg wcwiqW msLvc_g Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw : wek I evsjv`k cwZ 10wZxq KwgDwbKkb wmgm I bUIqvwKs 15ZZxq msLv cwZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm 20PZz_ Iqe wWRvBb cwiwPwZ Ges HTML 25cg cvMvwgs fvlv 35l WUveR gvbRgU wmg 35


4. wkvg QKc_g c


c_g Aavq : Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw : wek I evsjv`k cwZ (10 wcwiqW)Information and Communication Technology : World and Bangladesh Perspective

wkLbdj welqe 1. wekMvgi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. wekMvg aviYv mswk cavb Dcv`vbwj evLv KiZ

cvie3. wekMvg cwZvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi Ae`vb

g~jvqb KiZ cvie

wekMvgi aviYv (Concept of Global Village)o hvMvhvMo Kgms vbo wkvo wPwKrmvo MelYvo Awdmo evm vbo eemvevwYRo msev`o webv`b I mvgvwRK hvMvhvMo mvswZK wewbgq

4. fvPzqvj wiqwjwUi aviYv weklY KiZ cvie5. cvZwnK Rxeb fvPyqvj wiqwjwUi cfve g~jvqb

KiZ cvie

fvPyqvj wiqwjwU (Virtual Reality)o cvZwnK Rxeb fvPyqvj wiqwjwUi cfve

6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi mvwZK ceYZv weklYKiZ cvie

Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi mvwZK ceYZv(Contemporary trends of ICT)o AvwUwdwmqvj BbUwjR (Artificial Intelligence)o ivewUKm (Robotics)o vqvmvRvwi (Cryosurgery)o gnvKvk Awfhvb (Space Exploration)o AvBwmwU wbfi Drcv`b ee v (ICT dependent

Production)o cwZiv (Defense)o evqvgwU (Biometrics)o evqvBbdigvwU (Bioinformatics)o RbwUK Bwwbqvwis (Genetic Engineering)o bvbv UKbvjwR (Nanotechnology)

7. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi bwZKZv eRvqivLvi iZ evLv KiZ cvie

Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi bwZKZv

8. mgvR Rxeb Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi cfveg~jvqb KiZ cvie

mgvRRxeb Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi cfve

9. A_bwZK Dbqb Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi f~wgKvweklY KiZ cvie

Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw Ges A_bwZK Dbqb

10. g~jeva eRvq iL Z_ I hvMvhvM chyweenvi Dy ne


wZxq Aavq : KwgDwbKkb wmgm I bUIqvwKs (15 wcwiqW)Communication Systems and Networking

wkLbdj welqe y1. KwgDwbKkb wmgi aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie2. WUv KwgDwbKkbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie3. WUv KwgDwbKkb cwqv weklY KiZ cvie

4. WUv Uvwgkb gvWi kwYwebvm KiZ cvie5. WUv KwgDwbKkb gvagmg~ni ga Zzjbv KiZ cvie

6. WUv KwgDwbKkb AcwUKvj dvBevii iZ weklY KiZcvie

7. Iqvijm KwgDwbKkbi wewfb gvagmg~n wPwZ KiZcvie

8. wewfb cRbi gvevBj dvbi WUv KwgDwbKkb cwZiga Zzjbv KiZ cvie

9. Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi wewfb IqvijmKwgDwbKkbi cqvRbxqZv g~jvqb KiZ cvie

10. bUIqvKi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie11. bUIqvKi iZ weklY KiZ cvie12. wewfb aibi bUIqvKi Kvhvewj weklY KiZ cvie

13. bUIqvK UcvjwR evLv KiZ cvie14. KvDW KwDwUsGi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie15. KvDW KwDwUsGi myweav evLv KiZ cvie

KwgDwbKkb wmg (Communication system)o KwgDwbKkb wmgi aviYvo WUv KwgDwbKkbi aviYvo ev DBW&_& (Band width)o WUv Uvwgkb g_W (Data transmission

method)o WUv Uvwgkb gvW (Data transmission

mode) WUv KwgDwbKkb gvag (Medium of data

communication)o Zvi gvag (Wired)

Kv-Gwqvj (Co-axial) UzBW cqvi (Twisted pair) AcwUKvj dvBevi (Optical fiber)

o Zviwenxb gvag (Wireless) iwWI Iqf (Radio wave) gvBvIqf (Microwave)

Iqvijm KwgDwbKkb wmg (Wirelesscommunication System)o Iqvijm KwgDwbKkbi cqvRbxqZvo ey-Uz_ (Bluetooth)o IqvB-dvB (Wi-fi)o IqvB-gv (Wi-Max)

gvevBj hvMvhvM (Mobile communication)o wewfb cRbi gvevBj

KwDUvi bUIqvwKs (Computer Networking)o bUIqvKi aviYv (Concept of network)o bUIqvKi Dk (Objectives of

network)o bUIqvKi cKvif` (Types of network)o bUIqvK wWfvBm (Network Devices)

gWg, nve, ivDUvi, MUIq, myBP, NICo bUIqvKi KvR (Functions of network)o bUIqvK UcvjwR (Network topology)o KvDW KwDwUs (Cloud computing)Gi

aviYvo KvDW KwDwUs Gi myweav


ZZxq Aavq : msLv cwZ I wWwRUvj wWfvBm (20 wcwiqW)Number Systems and Digital Devices

wkLb dj welqe 1. msLv Avwevii BwZnvm eYbv KiZ cvie2. msLv cwZi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie3. msLv cwZi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie4. wewfb aibi msLv cwZi AvtmK wbYq KiZ

cvie

msLv Avwevii BwZnvm (History of inventingNumbers)

msLv cwZ (Number System)o cKvif` (Classification of Number System)o icvi (Conversion of Numbers)

5. evBbvwi hvM weqvM mb KiZ cvie evBbvwi hvM weqvM (Addition and Subtraction inBinary System)

6. wPhy msLvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie wPhy msLv (Signed Numbers)7. 2 Gi cwic~iK wbYq KiZ cvie 2Gi cwic~iK (2s Complement)8. KvWi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie9. wewfb cKvi KvWi Zzjbv KiZ cvie

KvW (Code)o KvWi aviYv (Concept of Code)o BCD, EBCDIC, Alphanumeric code, ASCII,

Unicode

10. eywjqvb AvjReivi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie11. eywjqvb Dccv`mg~n cgvY KiZ cvie12. jwRK AcviUi eenvi Ki eywjqvb AvjReivi

eenvwiK cqvM KiZ cvie13. eywjqvb AvjReivi mv_ mwKZ wWwRUvj

wWfvBmmg~ni KgcwZ weklY KiZ cvie

eywjqvb AvjReiv I wWwRUvj wWfvBm (BooleanAlgebra and Digital Device)o eywjqvb AvjReiv (Boolean Algebra)o eywjqvb Dccv` (Boolean Theorem)o wW giMvbi Dccv` (De Morgans Theorem)o mZK mviwY (Truth Table)o gwjK MBU (AND, OR, NOT gate)o meRbxb MBU (Universal Gate)o wekl MBU (XOR, XNOR gate)o GbKvWvi (Encoder)o wWKvWvi (Decoder)o AvWvi (Adder)o iwRvi (Register)o KvDUvi (Counter)


PZz_ Aavq : Iqe wWRvBb cwiwPwZ Ges HTML (25 wcwiqW)Introduction to Web Design and HTML

wkLbdj welqe 1. Iqe wWRvBbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. Iqe mvBUi KvVvgv eYbv KiZ cvie

Iqe wWRvBbi aviYv (concept of web page design)o Iqe mvBUi KvVvgv (Web site structure)

3. GBPwUGgGj Gi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie

eenvwiK4. GBPwUGgGj eenvi Ki Iqe cBR wWRvBb

KiZ cvie5. Iqe mvBU cvewjk KiZ cvie|

HTML Gi gwjK welqmg~n HTML basicso HTML Gi aviYv (Concept of HTML)o HTML Gi myweav (Advantages of HTML)o HTML UvM I wmbU cwiwPwZ (Introduction to

HTML Tags & HTML Syntax )o HTML bKkv I KvVvgv j-AvDUo digvwUs (Formatting)o nvBcviwj (Hyperlinks)o wP hvM Kiv (evbvimn)o Uwej (Tables)

Iqe cBR wWRvBwbs (Designing web page) Iqe mvBU cvewjwks (Publishing a web site)


cg Aavq : cvMvwgs fvlv (35 wcwiqW)Programming Language

wkLbdj welqe 1. cvMvgi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. wewfb ii cvMvwgs fvlv eYbv KiZ cvie

eenvwiK

3. cvMvgi msMVb c` kb KiZ cvie

4. cvMvg AvjMwi`g I dv PvU c Z KiZ cvie

5. wm cvMvwgs fvlv eenvi Ki cvMvg c Z KiZcvie

cvMvgi aviYv (Concept of Program) cvMvgi fvlv (Programming Language) gwkb fvlv (Machine Language) Avmw^j fvlv (Assembly Language) gag ii fvlv (Mid Level Language) DP ii fvlv (High Level Language)

- wm (C)- wm++ (C++)- wfRyqvj ewmK (Visual Basic)- Rvfv (Java)- IivKj (Oracle)- AvjMj (Algol)- dviUvb (Fortran)- cvB_b (Python)

PZz_ cRbi fvlv (4th Generation Language -4GL) Abyev`K cvMvg (Translator Program)

- KcvBjvi (Compiler)- Avmj^vi (Assembler)- BUvicUvi (Interpreter)

cvMvgi msMVb (Organization of a Model) cvMvg Zwii avcmg~n ( Steps of Developing a

Program)- AvjMwi`g (Algorithm)- dv PvU (Flow Chart)

cvMvg wWRvBb gWj (Program Design Model)

wm cvMvwgs fvlv (Programming Language C)- cv_wgK aviYv (Concept)- ewk (Characteristics)- cvMvg KvBwjs (Compiling of Programs)- cvMvgi MVb (Structure of Programs)- WUv UvBc (Types of Data) aeK (Constant) PjK (Varibles)

- ivwkgvjv (Expressions)- Kx IqvW (Key word)- BbcyU AvDUcyU UgU (Input Output

Statements)- KbwWkbvj UgU (Conditional Statement)- jyc UgU (Loop Statement)- Avi (Array)- dvskb (Function)


l Aavq : WUveR gvbRgU wmg (35 wcwiqW)Database Management System

wkLbdj welqe 1. WUveR gvbRgU Gi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. WUveR gvbRgU Gi Kvhvewj weklY KiZ

cvie3. wijkbvj WUveR gvbRgU wmgi aviYv evLv

KiZ cvie4. wijkbvj WUveR gvbRgU wmgi ewk

evLv KiZ cvie5. wijkbvj WUveR gvbRgU wmg eYbv KiZ

cvie

eenvwiK6. WUveR Zwi KiZ cvie

7. WUv wmwKDwiwUi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie8. WUv wmwKDwiwUi iZ weklY KiZ cvie9. WUv Gbwckbi cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie10. WUv Gbwckbi Dcvqmg~n evLv KiZ cvie

WUveR gvbRgU (Database Management)o DBMS Gi KvR (Functions of DBMS)o RDBMS (Relational Database Management

System)o RDBMS Gi ewk (Characteristics of RDBMS)o RDBMS Gi eenvi (Uses of RDBMS)

WUveR Zwi (Creating Database)o Kzqwi (Query)o mwUs (Sorting)o BbWws (Indexing)o WUveR wijkb (Database Relation)o KcviU WUveR (Corporate Database)o miKvwi cwZvb WUveR (Database in

Government Organization)o WUv wmwKDwiwU (Data Security)o WUv Gbwckb (Data Encryption)

jLKì Rb mvaviY wb `kbv

welqe Dc vcb (Content Presentation)1. cvVcy K cYqbi mgq welqe mnR, evaMg I PwjZ fvlvq kwY DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| cwZwU Aavq

I welqe i mv_ wcwiqW msLv wbavwiZ iqQ| m Abyhvqx `ZvwfwK wkLbdji AvjvK welqe KGgbfve myweb KiZ ne hvZ wcwiqW gvZveK Zv mb Kiv me nq|

2. cvVcy Ki welqe i fvlv cvj Ges mnReva nZ ne| G kwY-DchvwMKiYi wePvieva mPZbnZ ne|

3. cvVcy K AavqwfwK Dc vcb KiZ ne| (cwZwU Aavq cqvRbxqmsLK wkv_xi Kgc Zwi KiZne| Kgc nZ ne wkLbdj cwic~iY Ki Ggb KvR hv kwYZ mb Kiv me nq|)

4. cwZwU Aavq jLvi mgq wkLb i (eywewq- vb, Abyaveb, cqvM, I DPZi `Zv; AveMxq IgbvcwkR ) cwZdjb welqe iga iqQ wKbv m mK jLKMYK me` v mPZb _vKZ ne|

5. jLvi aib Ggb nZ ne hvZ welqe Abyavebi ga w`q wkv_x gywhyi PZbv, ivxq Av`k ImvgvwRK g~jeva mwKZ aviYv ARbi gvag gvbweK I bwZK g~jeva mb fwelZ bvMwiK wnmeMo DVZ cvi|

6. RvwZ, ag, Mv, eY wbwekl KviI Abyf~wZZ AvNvZ jvMZ cvi Ggb Kvbv k ev evK eenvi Kiv hvebv|

7. `ZvwfwK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe eYbv KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xi mRbkxjZvi weKvk me nq| bvUwKsev MvBW eBqi vBj cqU wfwK (KviY, cfve, cwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cqvRbxqZv cfwZ)welqe Dc vcbKiv hve bv|

8. cwZwU Aavq kl AbykxjbxZ Kgc 1wU mRbkxj ck Ges vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv ic~iY Ki Ggb wZb aibi ewbevPbx ck mshvRb KiZ ne|

9. Rvi mgZv iv Ki cvVe (Text Material) iwPZ ne|10. wbfihvM Drm _K nvj bvMv` Z_-Dcv msMn Ki mswk cvV mshvwRZ ne|11. Z, wewa, m~, wbqg-cwZ Dc vcbvi ev e Rxebi NUbv DjL Ki wKsev Rxeb Nwb D`vniYi

mvnvh wjLZ ne|

evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)12. evsjv GKvWgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY KiZ ne|13. fvlv nZ ne mnR, cvj I kwY DchvMx|

Aavq wb `kbv (Chapter Instruction)14. Aavqmg~ni wfb wfb wkivbvg iqQ| jLKMY Aavq wkivbvg DjL Ki welqe Dc vcb Kieb Ges

Aavq wkivbvg, aviYvmg~ni BsiwR cwZk eenvi KiZ ne|15. m~wPc Aavqi AMZ cwZwU welq (hv wkvg DwjwLZ) cv bîmn DjL Kieb|

cvVcy K Dc vcb (Text Book Presentation)16. cvVcy Ki Kfvi cv mswk welqi fveavivi AvwK AvKlYxq cQ` eenvi KiZ ne|17. Aavq bi^ 14, Aavq wkivbvg 24, nW wkivbvg 16, mvenW wkivbvg 14, welqe dU mvBR 13 webvm

Ai mvBR Ges jvBb m 1.2 AbymiY Ki cwZwU Aavq Dc vcb KiZ ne|18. Aavqi welqe i mv_ mswk Qwe/wP/mviwY/gvbwP BZvw` cvmwK, AvKlYxq I nZ ne|19. cZK welqi 100 bîi ci Rb cv msLv 230-240 (Kg-ewk) Gi ga nZ ne|

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ICT XI-XII

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