ICT for Development e-Health: telemedicine and health information initiatives ICT4D Lecture 8 Tim...

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ICT for Development e-Health: telemedicine and health information initiatives ICT4D Lecture 8 Tim Unwin

Transcript of ICT for Development e-Health: telemedicine and health information initiatives ICT4D Lecture 8 Tim...

Page 1: ICT for Development e-Health: telemedicine and health information initiatives ICT4D Lecture 8 Tim Unwin.

ICT for Developmente-Health: telemedicine and health information

initiatives

ICT4D Lecture 8Tim Unwin

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Lecture 8

Outline

• The global health agenda• E-health

Information Delivering practices

• Examples Global organisations Information and prevention Telemedicine

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Lecture 8

Health related MDGs

• Goal 4: reduce child mortality Target 5: reduce by two-thirds (1990-2015) the under-five mortality rate

• Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target 6: reduce by three-quarters (1990-2015) the maternal mortality ratio

• Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 7: halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Target 8: halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

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Lecture 8

ICTs and the health agendas

• Three core areas Health management systems Information and prevention Medical practices

• Key drivers Experiences from north America and Europe

Particularly in telemedicine initiatives Pharmaceutical industry: the money in medicine Expanded markets But also a concern to use the potential benefits for greater good

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Lecture 8

ICTs and the health agendas

• Long experience of ICTs in health Theatre, dance, film, video in health education

‘Traditional’ telemedicine Australian flying doctor service in 1920s

• Potential of new technologies Very high cost of medical diagnosis equipment

Samples and images can be sent digitally Use of consultants contacted by ‘phone/digitally Saves time at a distance

Making information relevant and appealing Managing large amounts of data

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Lecture 8

E-health

• Information Managing health information

Hospitals Diseases Maximising health benefits for populations

Disseminating information on health care and prevention Health workers General public

• Delivering medical practices Telemedicine initiatives

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Lecture 8

Global Health Initiatives and ICT

• World Health Organisation

• The Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

• Roll Back Malaria

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Lecture 8

• e-Health initiatives Africa: Health Information Systems (HIS) http://www.afro.who.int/his/index.html

But not particularly active

South-east Asia Telematics and IT programmes

Americas Telemedicine initiatives

• As yet, mainly pilot schemes Little evidence of ability to deliver initiatives at scale

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Lecture 8

• The Global Fund http://www.theglobalfund.org/en

A financial instrument created in 2002

$3 billion committed in 128 countries (Feb 2005)

Nothing on ICT or e-Health on site!

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Lecture 8

• Malaria kills 1 million people a year

• RBM Partnership Launched in 1998 by WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and World Bank Now has more than 90 partners

• ICT based work Multimedia online resources http://www.rbm.who.int/cgi-bin/rbm/rbmportal/custom/rbm/home.do

Mainly use in information dissemination

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Lecture 8

Information disssemination

• Soul City, South Africa

• Imfundo’s support for fight against malaria and HIV/AIDS

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Lecture 8

Soul City South Africa

• Soul City: Institute for Health and Development Communication http://www.soulcity.org.za

A South Africa NGO Established 1992 Especial focus on HIV/AIDS

• Different media Television

Six series, each of 13 episodes Radio

Six series, each of 45 episodes in 9 languages

Print

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Lecture 8

Soul City South Africa

• Evaluations 47% of people in SA say it is main source of info about HIV/AIDS on TV

Strong positive correlation between behaviour and exposure to Soul City

Soul City is as well known as Coca Cola in South Africa

Materials used in 11 African countries

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Lecture 8

Imfundo support for malaria

• Imfundo agendas Seeking relevance Tanzania

• Personal connections Dr. Alasdair Unwin working on malaria in suppport of Tanzanian Ministry of Health

• CD-ROM on malaria In partnership ICT4D web-solution http://www.gg.rhul.ac.uk/i

ct4d/Malaria.html

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Lecture 8

Imfundo and the Interactive Health Network - HIV/AIDS

• Database on digital information on HIV/AIDS Ready access to a wealth of digital materials

Searchable by types of user and types of information

Users can provide comments on the resources

Developed through partnership http://hivaids.digitalbrain.com/hivaids/homepage/home/

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Lecture 8

Delivering medical practices

• Telemedicine in South Africa

• Jiva teledoc in India

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Satellite link to rural hospital in Maliwww.satexpo.it/en/ news-new.php/3?c=42700

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Lecture 8

Telemedicine in South Africa

• Telemedicine Research Centre Established by Medical Research Council in 1999

Designed to evaluate relevance of international expertise for Africa

Findings: telemedicine enables Access to specialist radiologists within hours rather than days

Improved diagnosis by community service doctors Local treatment of some patients, thus reduced transfers

Reduced professional isolation of doctors in rural areas

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Lecture 8

Telemedicine in South Africa

• University of Transkei http://telemed.utr.ac.za

Open Source telemedicine initiative Web-links

Pathology• Pathopic (Basel) http://alf3.urz.unibas.ch/pathopic/e/intro.htm

• Telemedicine• Health information

Online teaching resources Potential is there

But not much evidence of high usage

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Lecture 8

Jiva: sustainable healthcare in rural India

• Jiva Institute Non-profit Research and Development Institute founded in 1992 Health, Education and Social Enterprise

Health activities Ayurveda website - the world’s first

• Holistic, healing science Ayunique - online consulting Teledoc - healthcare for all Ayurbuyer - online store Jiva College of Ayurveda

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Lecture 8

Jiva Teledoc

• Based in village in Haryana Won World Summit Aware

• Practice Healthcare workers record diagnostic data

Use Java enhanced mobile ‘phones to transmit data

Ayurvedic doctors diagnose and prescribe treatment

Medicines are then delivered by field workers to patients

Costs 70 rupees ($1.50 per consultation)

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Lecture 8

Jiva Teledoc social returns

• Patients have affordable treatment

• Women are treated by women

• Wider healthcare is promoted by field workers

• Local workers speak local languages

• Provides some employment in rural areas

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Lecture 8

Conclusions

• Much is technically feasible High cost end: telemedicine Lower cost: considerable health information

• Importance of combining multi-functional access points for information The role of Telecentres

• Yet, the potential of e-Health has still to be realised Why is this?