ICARDA - Wheat 2011 Update - CAIGE Project · CAIGE meeting . Adelaide March 11, 2011. Shipment to...
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ICARDA - Wheat 2011 Update Francis Ogbonnaya/Osman Abdalla/Izzat Tahir CAIGE Meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Transcript of ICARDA - Wheat 2011 Update - CAIGE Project · CAIGE meeting . Adelaide March 11, 2011. Shipment to...
ICARDA - Wheat 2011 Update
Francis Ogbonnaya/Osman Abdalla/Izzat Tahir
CAIGE MeetingAdelaide March 11, 2011
Wheat Production in CWANA
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
• Spring Bread Wheat improvement targets all wheat growing areas in CWANA with focus on:
Semiarid Mediterranean Rainfed environments:(11 million hectares):
a) CWANA Continental Mediterranean Dryland: with relatively low winter temperatures e.g. West Asia (T. Hadya-Syria; Dyarbeker-Turkey); North Africa (Setif-Algeria)
b) CWANA Temperate Mediterranean Dryland: with relatively cool winter temperatures e.g. North Africa :(Settat - Morocco; Sidi Bel-Abbas – Algeria)
Favorable & irrigated (FA/IR) environments including low latitudes of CWANA: (13 million hectares) ):a) CWANA Continental Favorable Areas:with relatively low winter
temperatures e.g. North west Syriab) CWANA Temperate Favorable with relatively cool winter
temperatures e.g. Beja-Tunisia; Marchouch-Moroccoc) CWANA Low Latitudes with relatively warm winter
temperatures e.g. Southern-Egypt; Southern-Iran; Sudan
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
ICARDA Wheat Breeding Methodology in CWANA
Targeted Crossing Program that emphasizes broadening the genetic base and reducing genetic vulnerability
Multi-location testing to expose the germplasm to the prevailing Abiotic and Biotic stresses in the region.
Key Location Disease Nursery (KLDN)
(Aids the enhancement of genetic diversity)
Abiotic Constraints
Drought (**SYR; *MOR)
Heat Stress (**SUD; *EGY)
Biotic Constraints
Rusts: (**ETH, **KEN; **SYR, *LEB, *SUD, *YEM,)
Septoria: (**ETH; **MOR)
Hessian fly (**MOR)
** = Principal Site * = Secondary Site
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Shipment to Australia-November 2011
Bread wheat : 100 lines comprising of
23 lines from ICARDA’s CWANA-CA 11th DSBWYT 2010-11
23 lines from ICARDA’s CWANA-TA 11th DSBWYT 2010-11
28 lines from ICARDA’s EON-IR/MR 2009 / 2010
12 lines from ICARDA’s EON-LR from ICARDA’s 2009/2010
5 lines from national verification yield trials
12 lines from various drought and heat trials including GCP trials
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Drought Tolerance: Focus on stress adaptive traits
• Early ground cover
• Pre-anthesis biomass
• High tiller survival
• Stay-green
• Seed size
• Yield under stress
- Canopy Temperature at: Heading 7 Days after Anthesis14 Days after Anthesis
- NDVI at Grain Filling Period
Physiological Traits
- Ground Cover
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Grain yield of SBLs against the recurrent parent (Cham-6)
KN = Thousand kernel weight, DH = days to heading, DM = days to maturity, GFP = Grain filling period, PH = Plant height, NDVI = normalized difference vegetation index
Relative Trait Performance of SBL compared to Cham-6 Averaged Across Three Sites
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Multiple sources of resistance to fungal diseasesfungal diseases
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Multiple fungal resistance
Mining SHW for multiple disease resistance Ogbonnaya et al. 2008 AJAR:59, 421–431
Yellow Rust Epidemics 2010
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Farmers Plots in Hassakieh Yellow rust April 2010
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Disease severity
VR R R-MR MSMR-MSMR MS-S S VS
Resistance Sources – How Diverse and What Genes?
43% of 200 lines exhibited varying levels of disease resistance
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
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5
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A B DDArT Markers with Chromosome Effects
More than 100 markers with P<0.000-0.05 of 2688 DArT markers used
Loci conferring multiple soilLoci conferring multiple soil--borne pathogen resistanceborne pathogen resistance
Loci that confers multiple root diseased resistance
3B
CCN
PN
PT
Ogbonnaya et al. 2011: submitted
3B
Hessian Fly Damage (Mayetiola destructor)
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Total Damage
HF
SusceptibleResistant
Serious pest in North Africa.
Yield losses of 36 -100%.
Biotype Variation in Hessian Fly Populations
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
Resistance gene Morocco Syria Kazakhstan Biotype L
(USA)
H5 R S S SH11 R S S SH13 R S R RH14H15 R S S RH22 R S S RH23 R S S RH25 R R R RH26 R R R RH27-H31 S S S R
Host Resistance the most Viable Option
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 11, 2011
15% SHW of 915 resistant to Syrian Biotype
CAIGE meeting Adelaide March 10, 2010
A number of mapping populations have been and are being developed for DroughtHeatDrought and Russian wheat AphidHessian FlySunn pestStripe rustAssociation mapping panel on slow rusting genes
Request: Breeders nominated/preferred 5 varieties to be used as checks for
Drought and Heat
Mapping populations
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Funding Agencies CollaboratorsJayne WilsonRussell EastwoodFernanda DreccerGrant HollowayR. Trethowan Osman AbdallaMustapha El BouhssiniKumarse NazariAhmed AmriBilal HumiedSripada UdupaLivinus EmebiriDavid MoodyGuoyou YeM. Aman MulkiMakdis FaridDavid BonnettTony CondonMatthew ReynoldsJohn SheppardAyele Badebo
Australian Breeders and Breeding Entities
Collaborators
ThanksThanks
ICARDA
