Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State...

SoTa rusTavelis saqarTvelos erovnuli samecniero

fondi

Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia

iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis

Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti

Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University

mayvala miqelaZe

Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis

Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebis

sintaqsi

gamomcemloba `universali~ Tbilisi 2018

uak (UDC) 811.354.41’367.3 m -745

samecniero proeqti `safrTxeSi myofi enebi da maTi dokumentire-

bis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba (wovaTuSuri enis magaliTze)~ (gran-

ti # 217850) xorcieldeba SoTa rusTavelis saqarTvelos erovnu-

li samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. winamdebare monog-

rafiaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis avtorTa ko-

leqtivs da, SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fondis Sexedulebebs.

The project ‘Endangered Languages and Vital Meaning of Their Documentation (according to the Tsovatush Language)’ (Grant №217850) is being made possible by financial support from Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. All ideas expressed herewith are those of the authors and may not represent the opinions of the Foundation itself.

www. rustaveli.org.ge ufaso gamocema

redaqtorebi: vaJa Sengelia, qeTevan gigaSvili

recenzenti: arsen berTlani

operatori: mariam berTlani

© mayvala miqelaZe

yvela ufleba daculia.

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2018 Tbilisi, 0186, a. politkovskaias #4, : 5(99) 33 52 02, 5(99) 17 22 30

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ISBN 978-9941-26-403-0

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3

Sesavali

winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens gagrZelebas 2015 wels

gamocemuli monografiisa – `Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis

martivi winadadebis sintaqsi~. saanalizo masala kvlevisaT-

vis aviReT Cveni proeqtebis farglebSi gamocemuli wovaTu-

Suri teqstebis ori krebulidan:

I. m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, m. ciskariSvili – wo-

vaTuSuri teqstebi, naw. I, Tb., 2011.

II. m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili – wovaTuSuri teq-

stebi, naw. II, Tb., 2014.

krebulebSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva asakis, ganaTle-

bisa Tu profesiis 35 respondentis Txrobis masalebi. amaT-

gan Cvens monogrfiaSi Sesulia 21 respondenti; eseni arian:

daviT arindauli, arsen berTlani, mariam buqurauli, simon

garsevaniZe, Tamar gromova, kote veSaguriZe, eTer itoSvi-

li, stefane lagaziZe, ioseb longiSvili, sabeda (ara) maCab-

liSvili, mayvala miqelaZe, rezo orbeTiSvili, taso orbe-

TiSvili, nataSa uSarauli, Sorena uSarauli, manana ujirau-

li, ivane qavTariSvili, vaso qoqoriSvili, vardi CaCqaniSvi-

li, eldar wkipoSvili, kote WrelaSvili.

krebulebidan msjelobisTvis amoRebul saanalizo masa-

lebs naSromSi vafiqsirebT krebulebis avtorebze miTiTe-

biT.

muSaobis procesSi sirTules qmnida is garemoeba, rom

dRes qarTuli enis xangrZlivi da intensiuri gavlenis Sede-

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gad wovaTuSur enaSi paralelurad moqmedebs rigi gramati-

kuli kategoriis sakuTari da wyaro endian Semotanili sis-

temebi. morfologiaSi aseTia, magaliTad, saxelisagan zmnis

marTvisa da SeTanxmebis sakuTriv wovaTuSuri klasniSniani

sistema da hibriduli: klasniSnian-piris niSniani ormagi sis-

tema.

analogiuradve, ori gramatikuli sistemis paralelur

moqmedebas vxvdebiT sintaqsSic. miuxedavad imisa, rom wova-

TuSurs aqvs sakuTari, sagangebo maqvemdebarebel sufiqsze

damyarebuli arqauli sistema martiv wonadadebaTa qvewyo-

bisa, nasesxebia da aqtiurad moqmedebs daqvemdebarebis qar-

Tuli sistema: maTematikuri sizustiT aris gadmoRebuli

kavSiriani Tu ukavSiro qvewyobis maorganizebeli korela-

tebi Tu kavSirebi da wevr-kavSirebi, Sinaarsobrivi Tu in-

tonaciuri mimarTeba mTavarsa da damokidebuls Soris, er-

Tsafexuriani qvewyobisa Tu rTuli, mravalsafexuriani

qvewyobis modelebi.

mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs is

garemoeba, rom, miuxedavad wovaTuSuri enis martiv winada-

debaTa qvewyobis axali modelebis sruli Sesatyvisobisa

qarTuli enis saTanado modelebTan, maTi maorganizebeli ma-

sala – korelatebi, kavSirebi Tu wevr-kavSirebi – yvela,

garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa, msesxebelma enam sakuTari leq-

sikuri inventaridan awarmova qarTuli standartis mixed-

viT. analogiuri movlena dasturdeboda maSinac, roca wo-

vaTuSurma qarTulidan zmnis piris kategoria Semoitana, pi-

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ris niSnebi ki sakuTari piris nacvalsaxelebisagan Camoaya-

liba.

aRniSnul movlenas safuZvlad, cxadia, wyaro enis gav-

lenisagan msesxebeli enis Tavdacvis instiqti udevs. aRniS-

nuli faqtebidan kargad ikveTeba is garemoebac, rom enob-

rivi gavlenebi, ZiriTadad, saazrovno modelTa gardaqmnas

iwvevs, saorganizacio masala ki teqnikuri momsaxurebis ri-

giT samuSaos asrulebs mxolod.

mosalodnelia, rom qarTuli enis gavlenis saocrad in-

tensiuri da daCqarebuli tempebi wovaTuSurSi moqmedi mar-

tiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis paraleluri sistemebidan

maleve gamoiwvevs nasesxebi sistemis gabatonebas, Tu manam-

de, kidev ufro adre, ar moxda TviTon wovaTuSTa saboloo

gadarTva qarTul enaze. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba,

rom prof. q. gigaSvilis mier oTxiode wlis win sofel zemo

alvanSi Catarebuli sociolingvisturi kvlevis Sedegebis

mixedviT, adgilobriv macxovrebeli 1.558 TuSidan mSobliu-

ri ena Zalian kargad icis mxolod 95 adamianma, saerTod ar

icis 803 adamianma, danarCenebi ki enis codnisa da arcodnis

gardamaval safexurze dganan. mkvlevari wers: `Tanamedrove

mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, wovaTuSuri enis sicocxlis

maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba Seadgens 80 wels, esec im Sem-

TxvevaSi, Tu dRevandeli yvelaze axalgazrda mosaubreebi

(20 wlisebi, Tanac mosaubreebis Zalian mcire procenti) 100

wlis asakamde icocxleben~ (gigaSvili 2014 – 260).

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Tavi I.

Serwymuli winadadeba

§1. Serwymuli winadadebis raoba

Serwymul winadadebas Sualeduri adgili uWiravs

martivsa da rTul winadadebebs Soris. martivi da rTuli

winadadebebisagan mas erTgvar wevrTa mqonebloba gamoar-

Cevs. erTgvaria wevrebi, romlebic erTnair sintaqsur fun-

qcias asruleben, Sinaarsobrivad erTnairad miemarTebian

erT saerTo wevrs da erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian Tan-

wyobis saSualebiT. aRniSnulze dayrdnobiT prof. l. kvaWa-

Ze Serwymuli winadadebis Semdeg ganmartebas iZleva: `iseT

winadadebas, romelSic ramdenime erTgvari wevri moipoveba,

erTgvarwevrebiani anu Serwymuli winadadeba hqvia~ (kvaWaZe

– 1966, 226).

erTgvarwevrebiani winadadebis kvalifikaciis Tval-

sazrisiT mkvlevarTa Soris dRemde azrTa didi sxvadasxvao-

baa. zogierTi mkvlevaris SexedulebiT, rTulSi unda iqnes

gaerTianebuli yvela saxis erTgvarwevrebiani winadadeba.

magaliTad, ar. quTaTelaZe erTgvarwevrebian yvela winada-

debas rTuli winadadebis erT-erT saxeobad Tvlis da mas

`gaerTianebul winadadebas~ uwodebs. mkvlevari wers: `ga-

erTianebuli winadadeba aris iseTi winadadeba, romelSiac

erTi qvemdebarea da ramdenime Semasmeneli, an – ramdenime

qvemdebare da erTi Semasmeneli, an – erTi Semasmeneli, erTi

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qvemdebare da ramdenime amxsneli sityva, romelnic miugeben

erTsa da imave kiTxvazed~ (quTaTelaZe – 1888, 23).

mkvlevarTa umravlesoba Serwymuli winadadebis yvela

saxeobas Tanabrad ganixilavs, rogorc erTgvarwevrebian wi-

nadadebas, garkveuli nawili ki calke gamoyofs erTgvarSe-

masmenlebian winadadebas da mas rTuli Tanwyobili winada-

debis qvesaxed acxadebs.

gansxvavebuli azri erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli

winadadebis Sesaxeb winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlis gansa-

kuTrebul rols eyrdnoba, im garemoebas, rom `zmna aris wi-

nadadeba miniaturaSi~. winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlis gansa-

kuTrebuli rolis gaTvaliswinebiT rusul akademiur grama-

tikaSi sintaqsuri konstruqcia `erT qvemdebaresTan ramde-

nime Semasmeneli~ calkea gamoyofili da ganixileba, ro-

gorc rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba. Sexedulebas erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winada-

debis gansxvavebuli statusis Sesaxeb rigi mkvlevari aviTa-

rebs saqarTveloSic. prof. l. enuqiZe amgvar winadadebas

rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis erT-erT qvetipad ganixi-

lavs. mkvlevari wers: `Cveni azriT, igi unda CaiTvalos rTu-

li Tanwyobili winadadebis kerZo SemTxvevad, erT-erT qve-

tipad da unda gaimijnos sxva saxis Serwymuli winadadebe-

bisgan~ (enuqiZe – 1987, 127).

erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadebis amgvari

kvalifikaciis Semdeg sintaqsSi isev gvrCeba sami tipis wina-

dadeba: martivi, Serwymuli da rTuli. winadadebaTa tradi-

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ciul samwevrovan klasifikaciasTan SedarebiT aq siaxles

qmnis rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis saxeobrivi momcvelo-

bis zrda Serwymuli winadadebis paraleluri saxeobrivi

momcvelobis Semcirebis xarjze.

sintaqsis mocemul sakiTxze axali saintereso Tval-

sazrisi wamoayena prof. r. WikaZem. mkvlevari winadadebis ne-

bismieri saxeobis ganmasxvavebel faqtorad iRebs masSi Sema-

vali Semasmenlebis raodenobas da ajgufebs winadadebebs

erTSemasmenlian anu monopredikatul da erTzemetSemasmen-

lian anu polipredikatul winadadebebad. polipredikatuli

winadadeba Tavis mxriv iyofa parataqsul anu Tanwyobil da

hipotaqsur anu qvewyobil winadadebebad. am saxis kvalifi-

kaciis mixedviT erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadade-

ba eqceva Tanwyobili winadadebis farglebSi, xolo yvela

sxva saxis Serwymuli winadadeba uerTdeba martivs. `er-

TgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli da rTuli Tanwyobili wina-

dadeba Cven migvaCnia Tanabar sintaqsur odenobad, erTgvar

struqturul erTeulad da mas vuwodeT parataqsuli kon-

struqciis winadadeba~, – wers mkvlevari da Tavis mosazre-

bas amyarebs garkveuli saxis argumentebiT (WikaZe – 1995,

178).

Cveni azriT, erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winada-

debis CamoTvlili sxvadasxva saxis kvalifikacias dabrkole-

bas uqmnis is garemoeba, rom erTgvari Semasmenlebi iseve,

rogorc yvela sxva saxis erTgvari wevrebi, sintaqsur

wyvilSi erT wevrad funqcionireben, anu erT wevrad moiaz-

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rebian. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba, rom wovaTuSuri

enis aRniSnuli tipis Serwymul winadadebaSi yvela Semasme-

neli ricxvsa da klasSi erTnairad uTanxmdeba saerTo qvem-

debares.

aRniSnul argumentze dayrdnobiT Cven vutovebT er-

TgvarSemasmenlebian winadadebas Serwymulis statuss da

ganvixilavT sxva saxis Serwymul winadadebebTan.

§2. Serwymuli winadadebis tipebi

Serwymuli winadadebis tipebis TvalsazrisiT wovaTu-

Sur enaSi igive viTareba dasturdeba, rac qarTulSi gvaqvs.

aqac Semdegi tipis Serwymuli winadadebebi funqcionirebs:

1. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba. aseT

winadadebaSi ramdenime Semasmenels erTi qvemdebare Seewyo-

ba:

povles laëmr÷ daxkdiené Je daô larkinå, keW daôđ

×oxkø `pavlem mTidan Camoyvanili cxvari gaparsa da

matyli gayida~.

2. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba. aseTi

saxis Serwymul winadadebaSi erT SemasmenelTan ramdenime

qvemdebarea Sewyobili:

Tinđ, ma×rxè Cxødri doS Ǥedaxker buxrecø `Tina da

marexi windebis qsoviT isxdnen buxarTan~.

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3. erTgvar pirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba.

aseTi saxis Serwymuli winadadebaSi ramdenime pirdapiri da-

mateba Seewyoba erT Semasmenels:

skol direqtores RaziS Ǥamdarena×né abrmã, ilsè,

natè sigeliv dajildbadi÷ `skolis direqtorma

kargi swavlisTvis abrami, eliso da nato sigelebiT

daajildova.~

4. erTgvar iribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am-

gvar Serwymul winadadebaSi ramdenime iribi damateba Seew-

yoba erT Semasmenels:

yaûCé nanas Sa×rù ôarwøCé bawrev ilku×nđ, mixku×nđ,

povlenđ yarw÷ Cxødri di÷ `moxucma dedam (bebiam)

Tavisi darTuli bawriT ilikos, mixakos da pavles

Wreli windebi mouqsova.~

5. erTgvar ubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba.

aseTi saxis Serwymul winadadebaSi ukve ramdenime ubralo

damatebaa Sewyobili erT SemasmenelTan an mimReobiTa Tu

sawyisiT gadmocemul romelime sxva wevrTan:

a) qiqoõ axmit ×otu×n mgzavr doivđ, urmivđ ixor

alznex `winaT axmetaSi mimavali mgzavri cxenebiT da

urmebiT gadadioda alazans.~

b) Ùav dacoSã, konadoS malva×lné ibé ene ǤevaRer

`yanis TibviTa da SekonviT daRlili ibo CrdilSi

ijda.~

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6. erTgvargansazRvrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am-

gvar Serwymul winadadebaSi ramdenime erTgvari gansaz-

Rvreba axlavs erT sazRvruls:

wæn ôaTx wegenå, kuinå vardi divnas `saxlis win

wiTeli da TeTri vardebi davrge~.

7. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am saxis

SerwymulSi erTgvari garemoebebi axlavs zmnas an saxel-

mzniT gadmocemul romelime wevrs.

erTgvari garemoebebi SeiZleba iyos:

a) adgilisa:

lamuôđ, koxaxđ daóù lav lefCer `mTasa da barSi didi Tovli

ido~.

b) droisa:

Ǥalixđ, xkolixđ i x÷ af÷ laíå `zamTarSic da

zafxulSic es xe mwvane dgas~.

g) mizezisa:

maclevđ, xaklevđ qoíbiené ×eí laywø buRer

`SimSilisa da wyurvilisagan Sewyxebuli Zroxa

gabmiT bRaoda~.

d) miznisa:

sù hambadanđ, gaxarbad×anđ ×efcor ivnes is ambu×

`Cems sasiamovneblad da gasaxareblad yveboda ivane

mag ambavs~.

e) viTarebisa:

TivoíuSđ, dalagbiTđ ×ewå stakov ambu× ×ö `wynarad

da dalagebulad unda ilaparakos kacma~.

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8. Sereuli saxis Serwymuli winadadeba.

Sereuli saxisaa Serwymuli winadadeba, romelSic moi-

poveba ramdenime wyeba erTgvari wevrebisa.

fsareôå, Txđ TuTđ, qumelđ leôdosã, murab Ùexkdos

`guSin da dRes TuTasa da Jols vkref da murabas vxarSav.

§3. erTgvar wevrTa SeerTebis saSualebani

erTgvari wevrebi erTmaneTTan erTdeba kavSiriT an

ukavSirod. kavSiriani SeerTebisas makavSirebel saSualebad

viyenebT maerTebel kavSirebs, ukavSiro SeerTebisas ki er-

Tgvar wevrebs aerTianebs intonacia.

ukavSirod SeerTebuli erTgvari wevrebi Tanabarmax-

vliania, erTmaneTs pauziT gamoeyofian da axasiaTebT CamoT-

vlis intonacia, magaliTad:

rusul, germanul, inglisur maïiS se ×aôon RaziS

ÙeTå `rusuli, germanuli, inglisuri enebi Cemma

gogom kargad icis~.

roca erTgvari wevrebi mimyoli sityvebiTaa gavrcobi-

li, CamoTvlis intonacia aerTianebs sityvaTa mTel jgufs.

magaliTad:

nanas abiné axluR, as diené yarw÷ Cxødri, Sa×rù

oxkiné jani viwvaóu×S dafxur ivnego `dedis

Sekerili axaluxi, Cemi moqsovili Wreli windebi,

Tavisi amosxmuli qalamnebi Tavmomwoned ecva

ivanes~.

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ukavSiro SeerTebiT CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrebs da-

umTavreblobis gancda da intonacia axlavs, rac qmnis SesaZ-

leblobas daematos erTgvari wevri. aseT SemTxvevaSi situa-

cias akontrolebs, anu daxSul konstruqcias qmnis erTgvar

wevrebTan naxmari ganmazogadebeli sityvebi.

Sdr.:

a) stak, fstu×né, daóù, kawkù u×s dar `kaci, qali, didi, pa-

tara iq iyvnen.~

b) stak, fstu×né, daóù, kawkù – Ĉmaõ u×s dar `kaci, qali,

didi, patara – yvelani iq iyvnen~.

zogierT SemTxvevaSi ganmazogadebeli sityva uswrebs

kidec erTgvar wevrebs:

Ĉmaõ: daóù, kawkù, stak, fstu×né – u×s dar `yvelani:

didi, patara, qali, kaci – iq iyvnen.~

ganmazogadebeli sityvebi SeiZleba Segvxvdes nebismi-

eri saxis erTgvar wevrebTan.

magaliTad:

1. lamu, bare – miCxmaõ sicx laíer `mTaSi, barSi – yvelgan

sicxe idga.~

2. sona×né, ôona×né, CurCona×né, nča×õreCona×né – ôaminaõa×né

leõ sù Razol `CemTvis, SenTvis, SinaurisTvis, gareSe-

TaTvis – yvelasTvis minda sikeTe.~

3. kuø, weg÷, kapraS – Ĉmaõnair bubuk laíå sogo sögo `TeT-

ri, wiTeli, yviTeli – yvelanairi yvavili midgas ezoSi.~

zogjer winadadebaSi ukavSiro SeerTebas qmnis anto-

nimebis kavSiriani wyvileulebi.

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magaliTad:

Razoli le mosol, goni le gùwol côa×nç nayv

dotur `sikeTe Tu boroteba, Wkua Tu ugnuroba

erTi gziT midioda.~

§4. kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba

ukavSiro SerwymulTan SedarebiT wovaTuSuri enis

sityvaTmimoqcevaSi gacilebiT ufro meti sixSiriT funqci-

onirebs kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba. wovaTuSuri enis

sintaqsis am sferoSi ukve Zalian TvalsaCinod ikveTeba qar-

Tuli enis sintaqsis intensiuri gavlena. es vlindeba ro-

gorc erTgvar wevrTa urTierTmimarTebis saxeebSi, ise uc-

vlelad nasesxebi, Tu qarTuli kavSirebis Targze sakuTari

masaliT nawarmoebi kavSirebis fonze.

cxadia, rogorc umwerlobo enaSi, wovaTuSurSi maer-

Tebel kavSirTa is raodenoba, rac qarTuls axasiaTebs, ara

gvaqvs, magram erTgvar wevrTa urTierTmimarTebis ZiriTadi

modelebi daculia: dasturdeba imave Sinaarsis maerTebeli

kavSirebi, rac qarTulSi gvaqvs: majgufebeli, macalkevebe-

li da mapirispirebeli.

ZiriTadi majgufebeli kavSiris funqcias (mxedvelo-

baSi gvaqvs qarTuli enis `da~ kavSiri) wovaTuSurSi sityvis

ama Tu im formaze darTuli sagangebo xmovani asrulebs.

zmnur formebTan amgvar funqcias asrulebs xmovani e, saxe-

lebTan ki xmovani đ.

15

majgufebeli àda~ kavSiris funqciiT xmovani ã zmnur

formebTan funqcionirebs mxolod maSin, rodesac es for-

mebi Tanxmovanze boovdba. majgufebeli kavSiris funqciis

matarebeli xmovani e erTgvari zmnebidan daerTvis bolos

wina zmnas, e. i. misi saSualebiT xdeba bolo ori zmnis daj-

gufeba erTmaneTTan. is am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli `da~ kavSiris

funqcias asrulebs im gansxvavebiT, rom afiqsia da damouki-

debel sityvas ar warmoadgens.

magaliTad:

1. a×nkos Jagné xeïorã, atiné Ǥe×aRer `aniko wigns kiTxu-

lobda-da Cumad ijda.~

2. ma×rxos Jabé ebwor, Sur lefsorã, jer-fôor Ùeqdor `ma-

rexi Zroxebs wvelida, rZes dRvebavda-da sadil-vaxSams

amzadebda.~

3. ilké côav÷ ǤevaRer oTxe, gakviTli Ǥam×orã, davalbi we-

rad×or `iliko marto ijda oTaxSi, gakveTilebs swav-

lobda da davalebebs werda.~

erTgvari wevrebis (zmnebis) makavSirebeli xmovani e

xSirad bolodan zmnis mwkrivis formis SigniT gadainac-

vlebs da damaxasiaTebel konstruqcias qmnis, magaliTad:

×at×inorã ×at×inoer `moetacna da.~

e xmovnis aseTi adgilgadanacvleba sistemuria Turme-

obiTis formebSi; damaxasiaTebelia isic, rom am dros zmnis

maxvili e-s winamaval xmovanze fiqsirdeba. zmnis formaSi

realizebuli orive es Tavisebureba qmnis kavSiriani Turme-

obiTis specifikur konstruqcias.

16

magaliTebi:

1. bacbigo lekiv fxi ×oô ×at×inoer, daô dikralé vaSbđx do-

winé qvaÙiden laÙSiRđ `TuSebisTvis lekebs xuTi gogo moe-

tacnaT-da mihyavdaT erTmaneTis miyolebiT qvaxidis Tavze~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 178).

2. leki maq baxnoer, gogix u×ínoer, taré Tefxanđ ba×ĉnor `lekebi zed misuliyvnen-da, garSemo Semosdgomodnen-da

taSis dakvra daewyoT~ (iqve).

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zmnis romelime mwkrivis forma xmo-

vanze bolovdeba, `da~ kavSiris funqcias auslautis xmovani

asrulebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve erTgvarwevrTa makvSireb-

lis rolSi Segvxvdeba nebismieri sxva xmovanic (a, i, o, u). ma-

galiTad:

1. ilkos ×eí ôalé laxè, Cê boõobé àiliko Zroxas ipovis-

da Semoiyvans.~

2. i ×eí daô bavê Sugo, lexrđ ba×ĉì Sú àes Zroxa

dagekargebaT-da saZebari gagixdebaT.~

3. i báder ôalé daÙlđ, stak u×Tì àes bavSvi gaizrdeba-da

kaci dadgeba.~

4. nax delæ, daô a×tì àxalxi icinebs-da gaCumdeba .~

aseTi viTareba gvaqvs erTgvar SemasmenlebTan, sxva sa-

xis erTgvar wevrebTan ki ukve `da~ kavSiris funqcias asru-

lebs isev fuZis boloSi darTuli a xmovani. am funqciiT es

xmovani daerTvis mxolod TanxmovanfuZian erTgvar wevrebs,

xmovanfuZianebTan ki imave funqcias isev fuZis auslautis

xmovani asrulebs.

17

mocemul SemTxvevaSi maerTebeli kavSiris gamoyenebis

TvalsazrisiT wovaTuSuri ena did Taviseburebas gviCvenebs

im mxrivac, rom aq aRniSnuli funqciis xmovani daerTvis yve-

la CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrs maSin, rodesac qarTulSi `da~

kavSiri CamoTvlilTagan yovelTvis ajgufebs mxolod bo-

lo or wevrs.

Sdr.:

a) wovaTuS.:

zurabđ, merabđ, abramđ, niklozđ naybisti bar `zurabi-

da, merabi-da, abrami-da, nikolozi-da megobrebi iy

vnen.~

b) qarT.:

zurabi-da, merabi-da, abrami-da da nikolozi-da

megobrebi iyvnen.

gvaqvs, magaliTad:

1. yalCRi ma×Jdarđ, kaltđ du×xkneTx (doxkineTx), Txu×nđ

baxnaTx `gudaSi mWadi-da, xaWo-da CaviyareT da wavediT~.

2. ambu× co ×ien×a ×aôovđ, vaôovđ vaSigé `ar ulaparakniaT

gogosa-da, biWsa-da erTmaneTSi~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 217)

3. Cuôđ, nčaõiôđ, lamuôđ, koxaxđ miCxmaõ côav÷ ×arasé `Sin-da,

gareT-da, mTaSi-da, barSi-da yvelgan marto viyavi.~

4. matenđ, arkenđ Ùori TefSmaq côāR dater `mwife-da, mkva-

xe-da vaSlebi TefSze erTad elaga.~

iseve, rogoc xmovanfuZian SemasmenlebTan, sxva saxis

xmovnfuZian erTgvar werebTanac majgufebeli àda~ kvSiris

funqias asrulebs sityvis auslautis nebismieri xmovani (a, e,

18

i, o, u), romelic aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve grZeli saxiT war-

mogvidgeba.

magaliTad:

1. petrã, ödræ, kimè, mixkè vaJar ba `petre-da, andro-da, ki-

mo-da, mixako-da Zmebi arian.~

2. ninè, katè, elnã, ilkè côa×n klase da `nino-da, kato-da,

elene-da, iliko-da erT klasSi arian.~

zemoT, erTgvar SemasmenlebTan mimarTebiT aRniSnuli

gansxvavebuli viTareba, kerZod, is garemoeba, rom `da~ kav-

Siris funqciis sufiqsi e CamoTvlilTagan aerTianebs mxo-

lod bolo or zmnas, gviandeli movlena Cans da qarTuli sa-

azrovno modelis gavleniT unda iyos Sepirobebuli. amas

gvafiqrebinebs is garemoeba, rom zogjer Semasmenlebis Sem-

TxvevaSic dasturdeba yvela erTgvar wevrze majgufebeli

kavSiris darTvis SemTxvevebi.

magaliTad:

1. filpes gu×mrel÷ Jabé nča×õ xecè, xi maĉdè, mødri daô

laxkè, daôđ xecé `filipe gomidan Zroxebs gamouSvebs-da,

wyals daalevinebs-da, mindorSi garekavs-da, gauSvebs.~

2. nodres gakviTli ôalé Ǥam×è, Jagnu× Cu doxkè CöTi, Sarnđ

vax÷ skoli `nodari gakveTilebs iswavlis-da, wignebs

CanTaSi Caalagebs-da, wava skolaSi.~

sirTules, romelic majgufebeli àda~ kavSiris ase

mijriT darTvas SeiZleboda mohyoloda mis warmoTqmasa Tu

mosmena-aRqmaSi, abaTilebs is garemoeba, rom es kavSiri mxo-

lod erTi bgeriT da isic swored xmovniT gadmoicema. mo-

19

cemul SemTxvevaSi viTareba analogiuria imisa, rac qarTul-

Si gvaqvs erTgvar wevrebze emfatikuri àa~ xmovnis darTvi-

sas (àqalsa, kacsa, didsa Tu pataras...~).

sagulisxmoa, rom zustad igive magaliTebi erTgvari

Semasmenlebisa paralelurad SeiZleba Segvxvdes mijriT mi-

yolebuli `da~ kavSiris gareSec, rac damaxasiaTebelia in-

terferentul procesTa ganviTarebis gardamavali periodi-

saTvis da qarTuli enis gavleniT aixsneba.

TanxmovanfuZian saxelebze darTuli a xmovani Tu xmo-

vanfuZiani saxelebis fuZis auslautis sxva romelime xmovani

`-c~ kavSiris funqciasac asrulebs. es xdeba maSin, rodesac

erTgvar wevrebs Soris moqceulia `da~-kavSiriani zmna.

magaliTad:

1. eTerđ qu×rwlex ×arã, ma×ramđ `eTeric qorwilSi iyo da

mariamic.~

2. dadđ Jex vawurã, voôđ `mamac cxvars dasdevda da biWic.~

wovaTuSur enaSi majgufebeli `Tu~ kavSiris funqcias

asrulebs or erTgvar wevrs Soris moqceuli kavSori le,

romelic sxva dros (CamoTvlis SemTxvevaSi) `an~ kavSiris

funqciiT gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

1. staki le fstu×né, ya×ni le yonù – ćmaõ u×s dar `kaci Tu

qali, moxuci Tu axalgazrda – yvela iq iyo.~

2. deniôi le bu×su, Cuôi le nčaõi sogo Tivar co da `dRisiT

Tu RamiT, Sin Tu gareT me mosveneba ara maqvs.~

20

igive le kavSiri ukuTqmiT co `ar~ nawilakTan dakavSi-

rebuli (le co – le co `arc – arc~) majgufebeli kavSiris

funqcias iZens, xolo ma `nu~ nawilakTan (le ma – le ma `nurc

– nurc~) kavSirs gamoxatavs.

magaliTad:

1. ôocø le v÷ co maĉosã, le ma×Ù co Ùaîos `SenTan arc

Rvinos davlev da arc purs SevWam.~

2. le ma vaRora TxogoRdalé, le ma dčevora s÷ doka `nurc

Camoivlidi Cvenken, nurc momiklavdi guls~ (xalxuri). qarTuli `kidec – kidec~ kavSiris funqciiT gvxvdeba

misi zusti Sinaarsobrivi da funqciuri Sesatyvisi tyoõa –

tyoõa. misi SezRuduli gamoyeneba da zedmiwevniTi Sefar-

deba qarTul SesatyvisTan gvafiqrebinebs, rom qarTulis

gavleniT moxda aRniSnuli leqsikuri erTeulis amgvari ga-

daazreba. gvaqvs:

tyoõđ Ros saqæfoTã, tyoõđ vaxes `kidevac waval saqeifod-

da kidevac daviTvrebi.~

dRes, roca `wovaTuSuri qarTuli enis intensiuri ze-

gavleniT ukve idealuri bilingvizmis stadiaSia da bevrma

wovaTuSma qarTuli ukeT icis, vidre misi mSobliuri ena~, im-

ravla wyaro enidan ucvleli saxiT nasesxebma sxvadasxva tipis

leqsikam da maT Soris kavSirebmac (miqelaZe – 2008, 9). majgu-

febel kavSirTagan aseTia `kidec – kidec~. gvaqvs, magaliTad:

1. kidec Ǥamdosã, kidec muSebados `kidevac vswavlob da

kidevac vmuSaob.~

21

2. kidec nifsdos dã-bu×sa muSebadoSã, kidec ×đxölaTes

ÙeCèx RaziSx `kidevac gavasworeb dRe-Rames muSaobaSi

da kidevac vicxovreb sxvebze ukeT.~

wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winadadebaSi calke jgufs

qmnian macalkevebeli kavSirebi:

a) sakuTari: mawy – mawy àxan – xan~, le – le àan – an~, leõeô –

leõeô àTund – Tund~.

b) qarTulidan nasesxebi: gød – gød, Túd – Túd.

kavSiri mawy – mawy àxan – xan~ aRniSnavs moqmedebis mo-

nacvleobas, rigrigobas droSi; magaliTad:

1. ma×kos mawy bawar ôerwor, mawy dčapor, mawy Cxødur dor

`maiko xan bawars arTavda, xan grexda, xan windas qsovda.~

2. maTx mawy daxkax Ǥeflar, mawy ×äfx×or `mze xan Rrublebs

efareboda, xan dedamiwas aTbobda.~

3. mixkos mawy RaziS Ǥamodé, mawy zarmacebala `mixako xan

kargad swavlobs, xan zarmacobs.~

CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrebTan le – le kavSiris gamo-

yenebis SemTxvevaSi sruli analogia gvaqvs qarTuli enis `an – an~ kavSiris funqciebTan. rogorc prof. l. kvaWaZe aRniS-

navs: `an – an (variantebiTurT) miuTiTebs, rom erTimeoris

gamomricxvel SesaZleblobaTagan Sesruldeba erT-erTi, an

arCevani unda gakeTdes erT-erTze, an kidev CamoTvlaa iseTi

sagnebisa Tu movlenebisa, romlebic ar gamoricxaven erTma-

neTs~ (kvaWaZe – 1966, 242). am mxriv analogiuri viTareba das-

turdeba wovaTuSurSic.

magaliTad:

22

1. le ôalé Tag×os is saqm, le Sarn vaëgas eser÷ `an gavake-

Teb mag saqmes, an gadavikargebi aqedan.~

2. stak le døCu×Slo vewå vagö, le davøCu×Slo `kaci an

cocxlebSi unda erios, an mkvdrebSi.~

3. le deS s÷, le mđm xaïogå sox `an damijere, an aRaraferi

mkiTxo.~

macalkevebeli kavSiri leõeô – leõeô srul analogias

gviCvenebs qarTuli enis `Tund – Tund~ kavSirTan etimolo-

giuradac da gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTac.

magaliTad:

1. leõeô Cu včiõ Txocø, leõeô ôu×n Rob `Tund darCi CvenTan,

Tund wadi.~

2. leõeô fôeô xaõ vđxö, leõeô qaliqđ Tol×eb `Tund sofelSi

dasaxldi, Tund qalaqi (Tbilisi) irCie.~

3. leõeô taTbuv deÙđl sù val ilkos, leõeô naCxov `Tund

fuliT gadamixados ilikom vali, Tund yveliT.~

rogorc zeviT ukve aRvniSneT, orenovnebis bolo pe-

riodSi e. w. idealuri bilingvizmis periodSi wovaTuSur

enaSi sagrZnoblad imata qarTulidan yovelgvari bgeriTi

adaptaciis gareSe nasesxebi kavSirebis gamoyenebam. macalke-

vebel kavSirTagan aseTia: gød – gød, Túd – Túd.

magaliTad:

1. gød va×ReS aĉ sogé aĉu×nç, gød bu×nReS `gind Cvenebu-

rad miTxari saTqmeli, gind qarTulad.~

2. Tund ødur dčev ôaSin, Tund xinkal Ùexkdeb `Tund indau-

ri daukali stumrebs, Tund xinkali mouxarSe.~

23

sagulisxmoa, rom wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winada-

debaSi gamoyenebuli mapirispirebeli kavSirebi erTianad

qarTulidanaa nasesxebi, gvaqvs:

mđ (`magram~), magram, xoloT (`xolo~, `ki~, `oRond~,

`Tumca~).

am jgufSi Semavali kavSirebi, rogorc wesi, erTmaneTs

upirispireben erTgvar wevrebs. dRes aRniSnuli kavSirebiT

agebuli Serwymuli winadadeba rafinirebul saxes atarebs

wovaTuSurSi da wyobis srul analogias gviCvenebs qarTul-

Tan.

CamoTvlil mapirispirebel kavSirTagan yvelaze farTo

gamoyenebaSia kavSiri mđ, gvaqvs:

1. lamzur, mđ doklak adm÷ da Tin `lamazi, magram braziani

adamiania Tina.~

2. niklzen taTeb sesxbadinas, mđ nanbadinas `nikolozs fuli

vasesxe, magram vinane.~

3. qu×rwlex Rès, mđ leTxö co vaRos `qorwilSi waval, mag-

ram ar vicekveb.~

interferentuli procesebis gaaqtiurebasTan dakav-

SirebiT kavSiri `magram~ ukve ucvleli saxiT damkvidrda

axalgazrda wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi. gvaqvs, magaliTad:

1. su×mö bax levvor, magram zora×Sç wuwk `simoni mdidari

yofiliyo, magram Zalian wuwki.~

2. ma×rmes duÙ muSebado, magram xelfas kawkù evobé `maria-

mi bevrs muSaobs, magram xelfass mcires iRebs.~

24

3. baíwø, magram lamzur bu×sđ laíer alni `umTvaro, magram

lamazi Rame idga alvanSi.~

iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, erTgvar wevrTa dapirispi-

rebis gaZlierebis mizniT `magram~ kavSirs wovaTuSurSic

xSirad axlavs nawilaki `mainc~.

magaliTad:

1. duÙ cad×a×lnas, magram mainc ma×rmegé saø Razol co

×ago×makø sù `bevri vecade, magram mariams mainc ver dava-

naxe Cemi sikeTe.~

2. dã-bu×sđ nifsdos, magram baTxax maøc co Teblmak sù `dRe-Rames (dResa da Rames) vasworeb, magram saqmes mainc

ver verevi.~

qarTuli mapirispirebeli kavSiri `xolo~ wovaTuSur-

Si xoloT saxiT gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

1. la×tnas Tinen bádri daÙdoS, xoloT bolos nanbadinas

`vuSvele Tinas Svilebs gazrda, xolo bolos vinane.~

2. taTeb sesxbadeb sù, xoloT procent ma ×aÙé sogo `fuli

masesxe, xolo procents nu gamomarTmev.~

sakmaod produqtiulia Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi

qarTulidan nasesxebi kavSiri oRùd. misi gamoyenebis areali

savsebiT emTxveva qarTulSi arsebul viTarebas. magaliTad:

1. lapwaT ezo, oRùd vaSin mđm lawdoT `iTamaSeT ezoSi,

oRond erTmaneTs araferi atkinoT.~

2. Ĉnã leõ Sú, doxk-ecaT, oRùd ÙeCgo mđm daÙoT `rac gin-

daT, gayid-iyideT, oRond sxvas araferi waarTvaT.~

25

aseve Tavisufal sityvaTmimoqcevaSia am enaSi nasesxebi

mapirispirebeli kavSiri `ki~, magaliTad:

1. v÷ oStiõ qocu×đ doíaT, WaW ki boWki ÙasaT `Rvino isev

qvevrSi CaasxiT, WaWa ki kasrSi CayareT.~

2. Tamros naCxé dakø kotriđ ×aíø, qerq ki qoTminđ Teĉø `Ta-

marma yvelis gulisgan xaWapurebi gamoacxo, qerqi ki qaT-

mebs aWama.~

§5. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba

erTgvarqvemdebariania Serwymuli winadadeba, sadac

erT SemasmenelTan ori an meti qvemdebarea Sewyobili.

SemasmenelTan Sewyobil erTgvar qvemdebareebs qar-

TulSi brunvis forma erTi aqvs yovelTvis, wovaTuSurSi ki

am mxriv sakiTxi sakmaod rTulad dgas. mocemul sakiTxSi

wovaTuSuri ena orgvar viTarebas gviCvenebs:

I. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmniT gamoxatul SemasmenelTan

Sewyobili nebismieri metyvelebis nawiliT gadmocemuli qvem-

debare samive seriis formebTan moTxrobiT brunvaSi dgas. es

garemoeba dRes wovaTuSuri enis Taviseburebad ikveTeba, mag-

ram sagulisxmoa, rom ganviTarebis adrindel etapze qarTuli

enis gardamavali zmnac qvemdebares dro-kiloTa yvela seriaSi

ergatiul brunvaSi moiTxovda da nominatiuri konstruqcia

mas saerTod ar moepoveboda (Ciqobava, 1948 – 128).

aRniSnuli mizeziT, gardamaval zmna-SemasmenelTan

Sewyobil qvemdebareebs brunvis forma yovelTvis erTi aqvT

moTxrobiTi. magaliTad:

26

1. ninosđ, ma×rmesđ simød ToÙnado `nino(m) da mariam(ma) si-

minds Toxnian.~

2. asđ, aôđ Sinvaõ ×aóù saqm Tag×i÷ va× `me (moTx.) da Sen

(moTx.) orivem didi saqme gavakeTeT.~1

3. asđ, Sa×lkosđ, mixkosđ Txa Ùav da×cnaTx `me (moTx.), Sali-

kom da mixakom dRes yana movmkiT.~

II. erTgvari qvemdebareebis brunvis sakiTxSi gansxvave-

buli mdgomareoba gvaqvs, roca Semasmeneli gardauvali

zmniTaa gamoxatuli. gardauvali zmniT gadmocemul Semas-

menelTan qvemdebaris brunva gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, aq-

tiurad aris am SemTxvevaSi gaazrebuli moqmedi piri Tu pa-

siurad. pasiurad gaazrebis SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare saxelo-

biT brunvaSi dgas, imave zmnis aqtiurad gaazrebis SemTxveva-

Si ki sakiTxi wydeba imis mixedviT, Tu romeli metyvelebis

nawiliTaa gadmocemuli qvemdebare; arsebiTi saxeliT gamo-

xatuli qvemdebare saxelobiTi brunvis formiT Seewyoba

gardauval zmna-Semasmenels, nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatvisas ki

I-II piris formebTan moTxrobiTSia, III piris formebTan – saxe-

lobiTSi.2

aqtiuroba-pasiurobis mixedviT gardauvali zmnebis

qvemdebareTa aseTi dapirispireba Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri

enis didi Taviseburebaa da mas iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa

ojaxis yvela sxva wevri enisagan gamoarCevs. es viTareba wo-

1 wovaTuSurSi I da II piris nacvalsaxelebi ibrunvis. 2 mocemul sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix.: m. miqelaZe, Tanamedrove wo-

vaTuSuri enis martivi winadadebis sintaqsi, Tbilisi, 2015, 66-69.

27

vaTuSuri enis gviandeli damoukidebeli ganviTarebis Sede-

gi Cans.

aRniSnulis gamo, gardauval zmna-Semasmenlian Ser-

wymul winadadebaSi konkretuli viTarebis mixedviT er-

Tgvari qvemdebareebi xan erTsa da imave brunvaSi Segvxvdeba,

xan ki xsvadasxva brunvaSi. magaliTebad TvalsaCinoebisaTvis

warmovadgenT erTgvarqvemdebariani gardauvali zmna-Semas-

menlis Semcveli erTi da imave Serwymuli winadadebis saTa-

nado konkretul variantebs, gvaqvs:

I. erTgvari qvemdebareebi erTsa da imave brunvaSi.

a) saxelobiT brunvaSi (moqmedeba pasiuradaa gaazrebu-

li):

1. sè, ôè buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (sax.) da Sen (sax.)

buCqebSi CavimaleT.~

2. sè, ôè ormu× bekir `me (sax.) da Sen (sax.) ormoSi

CavcvivdiT.~

b) moTxrobiT brunvaSi (igive moqmedeba aqtiuradaa ga-

azrebuli):

1. asđ, aôđ buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (moTx.) da

Sen (moTx.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~

2. asđ, aôđ ormu× bekir `me (moTx.) da Sen (moTx.) ormoSi Cav-

cvivdiT.~

II. erTgvari qvemdebareebi sxvadasxva brunvaSi.

1. asđ, aôđ, oôđ burxilo laWybalir `me (moTx.), Sen (moTx.) da

is (sax.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~

28

2. asđ, nikè, abrmã buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (moTx.), niko (sax.) da abrami (sax.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~

erTgvar qvemdebareebs ricxvis forma erTnairi aqvT an

axvadasxvagvari, magaliTad:

a) erTgvari qvemdebareebi mxolobiTSia:

donđ, bayè côāR daJer `cxeni da kvici erTad

Zovdnen.~

b) erTgvari qvemdebareebi mravlobiTSia:

Stolmaq Jagnu×đ, rvivliđ, Jurnaliđ dater

`magidaze wignebi, rveulebi da Jurnalebi elaga.~

g) erTgvar qvemdebareTagan zogi mravlobiTSia, zogi

mxolobiTSi:

xenmaq ÙaÙerCđ, WivWiđ, mercxlaõè Ǥedaxker `xeze

mtredebi, beRurebi da mercxali isxdnen.~

wovaTuSur enaSi qarTulTan SedarebiT Taviseburad

dgas erTgvar qvemdebareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTan-

xmebis sakiTxic. mocemuli sakiTxis kvlevisas gasaTvaliswi-

nebelia is garemoeba, rom zmnasTan Sewyobil pirTa gamoxat-

vis TvalsazrisiT dRes am enaSi erTdroulad moqmedebs ori

morfologiuri sistema: sakuTari (klasniSniani) da qarTu-

lidan nasesxebi (pirisniSniani).

pirTa gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT wovaTuSuri enis saku-

Tari morfologiuri sistema zmnebs yofs or did jgufad,

gvaqvs uklasniSno da klasniSniani zmnebi. uklasniSno zmneb-

Si pirTa gamoxatva saerTod ar xdeba, klasniSnian zmnebSi ki

moqmedebs pirTa gamoxatvis konkretuli sistema, romlis mi-

29

xedviTac gardamaval zmnebSi gamoixateba mxolod pirdapiri

obieqti, gardauval zmnebSi ki mxolod subieqti.

dRes, idealuri bilingvizmis pirobebSi, zmnis pirTa

gamoxatvis sakuTari sistemis gverdiT wovaTuSurSi aqtua-

lurad amoqmedda imave morfologiur odenobaTa gamoxat-

vis qarTuli modeli – klasis kategoriis gverdiT gaCnda

zmnis piris kategoria.

uklasniSno zmnebSi es martivad moxda, zmnis pirisa da

ricxvis niSnebma aq e. w. Tavisufali adgilebi daikaves, klas-

niSnian zmnebSi ki axali, rTuli sistema SemuSavda, moxda

klasniSnebiT da piris niSnebiT erTi da imave pirTa ormagi

gamoxatva.

msjelobas ganvagrZobT uklasniSno zmnebiT. aseTi

zmnis Semcvel erTgvarqvemdebareebian Serwymul winadade-

baSi Semasmeneli neitraluri rCeba qvemdebareebis ricxvis

mimarT. Sdr.:

a) nikè, vanè, Tinđ sögo la×pwç `niko, vano da Tina

ezoSi TamaSobs (TamaSoben).~

b) niké ezo la×pwç `niko ezoSi TamaSobs.~

la×pwç uklasniSno zmnaa; rogorc magaliTebidan vxe-

davT, qvemdebareebis ricxvis cvlam mis formaze ar imoqmeda.

am enis sakuTari sistemis mixedviT klasniSnian zmnebSi

warmodgenili klasniSani gamoxatavs rogorc saxelis

klass, ise ricxvs. samoqmedo areali klasniSnebisa mkacrad

aris reglamentirebuli: gardauval zmnebTan igi gamoxatavs

30

mxolod qvemdebares, gardamaval zmnebTan ki mxolod pirda-

pir obieqts.

rogorc vxdedavT, klasniSnis SemTxvevaSi gamouxatavi

rCeba:

a) gardauval zmnebTan iribi obieqti;

b) gardamaval zmnebTan ki subieqti da iribi obieqti.

aqedan gamomdinare, gardauval klasniSnian zmnaSi kla-

sic gamoixateba subieqtisa da ricxvic, gardamaval klasniS-

nian zmnaSi ki arc klasi gamoixateba subieqtisa da arc ric-

xvi.

aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, Tavs iCens erTgvar qvemde-

bareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxSi. kerZod:

a) gardauvali klasniSniani zmna-Semasmeneli erTgvar

qvemdebareebs yovelTvis uTanxmdeba ricxvSi da, gansxvave-

biT qarTulisagan, ara aqvs mniSvneloba qvemdebareebi suli-

eri sagnis saxelebia Tu usulosi.

magaliTad:

1. s÷ dadđ, biZđ buôex bar `mamaCemi da biZaCemi (mamis

Zma) omSi iyvnen.~

2. s÷ ×aSè, vaSè qu×rwlex côaR dètur `Cemi da da Zma

qorwilSi erTad midiodnen.~

3. Jagnu×a, rvivlia Stolmaq côāR dater `wignebi,

rveulebi magidaze erTad eyarnen (elaga).~

b) klasniSniani gardamavali zmna-Semasmeneli erTgvar

qvemdebareebs ricxvSi ar uTanxmdeba, arc klasi aRiniSneba

31

maTi. ara aqvs am mxriv mniSvneloba, sulieri sagnis saxelebia

qvemdebareebi Tu usulosi:

1. ilkosđ, ivnesđ mødre Jabé baJobé `iliko da ivane

mindorSi cxvars aZovebs (aZoveben).~

2. Tinkosđ, baTasđ Cxødri defcé `Tiniko da baTa

windebs qsovs (qsoven).~3

zmnasTan Sewyobil saxelTa gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT

wovaTuSur enaSi mdgomareoba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ram-

denadme Taviseburia: erTi da igive klasis niSani erTnairad

gamoxatavs rogorc gardauval, ise gardamaval zmnebTan

Sewyobili yvelanairi piris klassac da ricxvsac, maSin ro-

desac qarTulSi subieqtur pirs Tavisi niSnebi aqvs, obieq-

turs Tavisi. am or sistemas Soris gansxvaveba gvaqvs im mxri-

vac, rom ricxvTan erTad klasniSani sagnis socialur Rire-

bulebas gamoxatavs, piris niSani ki imave sagnis romlobas.

mdgomareobas arTulebs is garemoeba, rom zmnis pirTa

gamoxatvis axali, qarTuliseburi, sistema jer kidev araa

bolomde damkvidrebuli wovaTuSurSi. da jerjerobiT is

mxolod paralelur gamoyenebaSia adgilobrivTan. aRniSnu-

li mizeziT xan mxolod sakuTriv wovaTuSuri sistemaa pirTa

gamoxatvisa CarTuli metyvelebis procesSi, xan ki erTdro-

ulad funqcionirebs orive sistema: sakuTaric da nasesxe-

bic.

3 Targmani Semasmenlisa, cxadia, pirobiTia, radgan mocemuli

morfologiuri sistemiT arc piri gamoixateba qvemdebarisa

gardamaval zmnaSi da arc ricxvi.

32

aRniSnuli ori sistemis erTdrouli gamoyenebisas Ta-

viseburi viTareba iqmneba am enis zmna-SemasmenelSi, radgan

xdeba saorientacio pirTa ormagi aRniSvna. am movlenas, ro-

gorc mosalodneli iyo, adgili aqvs gardamavali zmnis pir-

dapiri obieqtis gamoxatvisas da gardauvali zmnis subieq-

turi piris gamoxatvisas. imis gamo, rom amjerad Cven er-

Tgvarqvemdebarian Serwymul winadadebas vikvlevT, dawvri-

lebiT warmovadgenT mxolod wovaTuSuri enis gardauvali

zmnis axal morfologiur models.

gardauval zmnaSi axali sistemiT erTsa da imave dros

klasniSani subieqtis klass, anu socialur Rirebulebas da

ricxvs aRniSnavs, piris niSniT ki isev imave subieqtis rom-

loba da ricxvi gamoixateba, ris Sedegadac sintaqsuri ple-

onazmis iSviaTi da saintereso SemTxveva gveZleva.4

magaliTad:

1. asđ, T÷dorđ ôúîé bu×taTx `me da Tevdore tyeSi

mivdivarT.~

warmodgenil zmnaSi (b-u×t-aTx) TavsarTi b- klasniSa-

nia, mamakacis klasisa mravlobiT ricxvSi, sufiqsi -aTx ki

aRniSnavs pirvel pirsa da mis mravlobiTobas isev.

2. ôè, ô÷ fstuđ yonSi da×Sì `Sen da Seni coli

axalgazrdebi xarT.~

3. aôđ, Tamrè qalqi daxæS `Sen da Tamari qalaqSi

(TbilisSi) cxovrobT.~

4 mocemul sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix.: miqelaZe 2013 – 20-23.

33

magaliTebis zusti Targmani ver xerxdeba maTi speci-

fikurobis gamo da TvalsaCinoebisaTvis SemasmenelSi para-

lelurad warmodgenili klasisa da piris niSnebis gamocal-

kevebiT vkmayofildebiT.

sagangebod unda aRvniSnoT, rom wovaTuSurma mxolod

sistema isesxa qarTulidan pirTa gamoxatvisa, xolo rac Se-

exeba piris niSnebs, isini sakuTari piris nacvalsaxelTa fu-

Zeebidan awarmova.

pirTa gamoxatvis imave nasesxebi sistemiT sargeblobi-

sas qarTulis sruli analogia gvaqvs ukve erTgvarqvemdeba-

rian Serwymul winadadebaSi, sadac amjerad nebismieri gva-

ris zmnaSi sagangebo sufiqsebiT gamoixateba qvemdebaris pi-

ri da ricxvi.

magaliTad:

1. asđ, Tinasđ, ma×kosđ fsare keW ×iínaTx `me, Tinam da

maikom guSin matyli gavrecxeT.~

2. aôđ, ivrmesđ Je macö larku×S? `Sen da iorami cxvars

rodis gaparsavT?~

mocemul magaliTebSi sufiqsi -Tx gamoxatavs pirvel

subieqtur pirsa da mis mravlobiTobas, xolo sufiqsi -×S

miuTiTebs imaves meore subieqtur pirTan mimarTebiT.

erTgvar qvemdebareebs Serwyml winadadebaSi SeiZleba

axldes, an ar axldes amxsneli anu mimyoli sityvebi. dastur-

deba sami saTanado SemTxveva:

I. yvela erTgvari qvemdebare gauvrcobelia:

se droô maxkarvđ, knaTivđ bed-bed klase Ǥamdor `Cem

34

dros gogoebi da biWebi cal-calke klasSi

swavlobdnen.~

II. yvela erTgvar qvemdebares cal-calke axlavs Tavisi

amxsneli sityva:

se kawkxu×Cé ×aôovđ, ôe qu×rTxiCé vaôovđ côa×nç

klase Ǥamodé `Cemi umcrosi gogo da Seni ufrosi

biWi erT klasSi swavloben.~

III. erTgvar qvemdebareTagan zogi gavrcobilia, zogi

gauvrcobeli:

naya ivsebđ, ô÷ kawkuvx ×oôđ bčardax÷ sù `gzaSi

iosebi da Seni umcrosi gogona Semxvdnen.~

erTgvar qvemdebareebs xSirad axlavs saerTo daqvem-

debarebuli sityvebi, rac ufro mWidros xdis winadadebis

sintaqsur konstruqcias.

magaliTad:

1. va× bádrivđ, báderbádrivđ vaø masTxu× co

gaxarbadaliTé `Cveni Svilebi da SviliSvilebi Cvens

mtrebs ar gaaxareben.~

2. duÙiCnair Worđ, marTalđ aĉdalø sox naxlo

`bevrnairi Wori da marTali iTqva Cemze xalxSi.~

pirvel winadadebaSi erTgvari qvemdebareebis saerTo

gansazRvrebaa vaø `Cveni~, meoreSi ki - duÙiCnair `bevrnairi~.

Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari qvemdebareebisa da

Semasmenlis Tanamimdevroba araa myari. Cveulebrivia, anu

gavrcelebulia aRniSnul wevrTa orgvari wyoba:

a) Semasmeneli uswrebs erTgvar qvemdebareebs.

35

1. xigé dotur gæ Tangbi Ùoxkiné ilsè, midkè

`wyalze midiodnen zurgze Tungebakidebulebi

mediko da eliso.~

2. Cxødri doS ene Ǥedaxker ta×sđ, baTđ `windebis

qsoviT CrdilSi isxdnen tasia da baTa.~

b) Semasmeneli mosdevs erTgvar qvemdebareebs:

1. daóonđ, kawkonđ, ya×nđ, yononđ dRevbax dotur

`didi da patara, moxuci da axalgazrda dReobaSi

midioda (midiodnen).~

2. krebax universitete leqtriđ, studentiđ

swrobalar `krebas universitetSi leqtorebi da

studentebi eswrebodnen.~

zogjer Semasmeneli erTgvar wevrebs Sorisac Seg-

vxvdeba, magaliTad:

1. Txabus Tamarè qu×rwlex ×arã, iaTamzã `wuxel

Tamaric qorwilSi iyo da iaTamzec.~

2. i Jagné asđ ôalé xa×ïnasã, se ×aSasđ `es wigni mec

wavikiTxe da Cemma damac.~

§6. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba

erTgvarSemasmenliania winadadeba, sadac erT qvemde-

baresTan Sewyobilia ori an meti Semasmeneli. wovaTuSurSi

iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, gvaqvs ori saxis Semasmeneli: mar-

tivi da Sedgenili.

36

erT saerTo qvemdebaresTan Sewyobili Semasmenlebis

xasiaTis mixedviT samgvari viTareba dasturdeba am enaSi:

I. qvemdebares axlavs ramdenime martivi Semasmeneli.

1. nikos Jagnu× xeïorã, konspeqti werad×or `niko

wignebs kiTxulobda da konspeqtebs werda.~

2. ×aÙ×aliné alzö kalpotr÷ so×otenå, naTesi

datborad×i÷ `adidebuli alazani kalapotidan

gadmovida da naTesebi datbora.~

b) winadadeba Serwymulia Sedgenili Semasmenlebis sa-

xeladi nawilebis mixedviT.

1. winus Tagu×nç ×ar, lamzurã ×ewla×nç `patarZali

moxdenili iyo, lamazi da sayvareli.~

2. Tivoíené, baíirenã, lamzur ×ar ×axené bu×sđ

`mSvidi, mTvariani da lamazi iyo gasuli Rame.~

g) erTgvari Semasmenlebidan zogi martivia, zogi Sed-

genili:

1. Tin gaxarbad×a×lné ×ar, moÙ borã, leTxö ixor

`Tina gaxarebuli iyo, mReroda da cekvavda.

2. buxar köZbđx bar ôeïbienoã, CamliS RuRnebalar

`buxari kunZebiT iyo gamotenili-da saamurad

RuRunebda.~

erTgvarSemasmenlebian Serwymul winadadebaSi qvemde-

bare SeiZleba gamotovebuli iyos da igulisxmebodes wina

naTqvamisa Tu zmnis formis mixedviT.

magaliTad:

1. se vaSé qu×rwlex moÙđ binas, leTxanđ ixnasã,

37

garmonđ Tifxnas `Cemi Zmis qorwilSi vimRere kidec,

vicekve kidec da garmonic davukari.~

2. co Tivur, duÙ ambu× ×orã, nax qoídor `ar

isvenebda, bevrs laparakobda da xalxs awuxebda.~

qvemdebarisa da erTgvari Semasmelebis wyoba ramde-

nadme Tavisufalia. dasturdeba sami SemTxveva:

I. qvemdebares mosdevs erTgvari Semasmelebi. es yvela-

ze ufro gavrcelebuli wyobaa.

1. wkipos lekigo daô daxiné maxkar dux diknoer, Su×

dadin daôđ darigbadinor `wkipos (cnobili TuSi

gmiris saxelia) lekebisTvis warTmeuli gogoebi

ukan wamoeyvana da TavianTi mSoblebisTvis

daerigebina.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)

2. haõe, wkipos o Sa×rç ×aóu×Cé aSarv ÙeĊĉboralé

masTxu×, daô bnevadboralé `hoda, wkipo im Tavisi

didi xmiT aSinebda mters, abnevda.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –

297)

II. qvemdebares uswrebs erTgvari Semasmenlebi:

1. Ù÷, qu×rwlegodolø, winus Cu Tiv×or, Cu ×iS×or

fexlaíres `mere, qorwilis mere, patarZals

asvenebda, aZinebda xelismomkide.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –

254)

2. côa×nç deni venaÙđ ôalé dabarod×ienã, dosđ daô

qekdi÷ elizbres `erT dReSi venaxic dabara da

SeSac daCexa elizbarma.~

III. qvemdebare erTgvar Semasmenlebs Sorisaa.

38

1. cuRlutbalar levö, usaqmoT lelvater fôeô

`cuRlutobda levani, usaqmod daexeteboda

sofelSi.~

2. wa Seglbadi÷ Txa ninosã, matr Tagdi÷ `saxli

daalaga dRes ninom da sadili gaakeTa.~

erTgvari Semasmenlebi qvemdebares erTsa da imave

brunvaSi moiTxoven, an sxvadasxvaSi. erTsa da imave brunvaSi

– moTxrobiTSi – moiTxoven qvemdebares moqmedebiTi gvaris

nebismieri seriis formiT warmodgenili zmna-Semasmenlebi.

maTTan qvemdebare yovelTvis moTxrobiT brunvaSia.

magaliTad:

1. niklzes Je daô doxkinå, wa ecé `nikolozma cxvari

gayida da saxls iyidis.~

2. ninos daò÷ weril daweradienå, daôđ

daôiT÷ qaliq vaSen `ninom grZeli werili dawera da

gaugzavna TbilisSi Zmas.~

rogorc wina paragrafSi ukve aRvniSneT, sakmaod rTu-

lad dgas am enaSi qvemdebaris brunvis sakiTxi, roca zmna-Se-

masmeneli vnebiTi an saSualo gvarisaa. aq ukve qvemdebaris

brunva SeiZleba iyos moTxrobiTi an saxelobiTi imis mixed-

viT, arsebiTi saxeliTaa qvemdebare gadmocemuli Tu nacval-

saxeliT; mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, romeli piris formiTaa

qvemdebare gadmocemuli da rogor aris misi moqmedeba ga-

azrebuli: aqtiurad Tu pasiurad.

aRniSnulis mixedviT, Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari

gardauvali zmna-Semasmenlebis sami kombinacia fiqsirdeba:

39

I. yvela gardauvali Semasmeneli saerTo qvemdebares

saxelobiT brunvaSi moiTxovs.

1. SoTa deûcôđõ bádrilo lapwinã, RaziS

garTobadvalø `SoTam (sax.) mTeli dRe bavSvebSi

iTamaSa da kargad gaerTo.~

2. s÷ nan lawiS ×aã, maíe ×iSì `dedaCemi (sax.) avadaa da

loginSi wevs.~

II. yvela gardauvali Semasmeneli qvemdebares moTxro-

biT brunvaSi moiTxovs.

1. as Saremaq laírasã, dot-daRCu×Sgé vaglaras `me

(moTx.) quCaSi videqi da gamvlel-gamomvlels

venaxvebodi.~

2. aô buCqilo ǤevaReôã, naxgo leWylaô `Sen

(moTx.) buCqebSi zixar da xalxs emalebi.~

III. gardauvali zmna-Semasmenlebi qvemdebares sxvadas-

xva brunvaSi (saxelobiTSi da moTxrobiTSi) moiTxoven. aseT

SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare uaxloes Semasmenels uwevs angariSs

brunvaSi.

magaliTad:

1. mowafi mu×S qcevalar gakveTilmaq, ambu× ×or,

uCitlegé lark co Ǥefor `moswavleebi cudad

iqceodnen gakveTilze, laparakobdnen,

maswavlebels yurs ar ugdebdnen.~

mocemuli magaliTis pirveli Semasmeneli saxelobiTSi

moiTxovs qvemdebares, meore da mesame Semasmenlebi ki moT-

xrobiTSi. saerTo qvemdebare saxelobiTSia.

40

2. bádrev qok lawbienå, daTxeS laíer `bavSvma fexi

itkina da tiriliT idga.~

mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirveli Semasmeneli moTxrobiT-

Si moiTxovs qvemdebares, meore ki saxelobiTSi. saerTo qvem-

debare moTxrobiTSia.

3. ôawuk benr÷ ôalé eóinå, pčani ×arJ×ienå, Sarnđ

gafrenadalø `Citi budidan amoxta, frTebi gaSala-

da gafrinda.~

amjerad pirveli Semasmeneli saxelobiTSi moixovs

qvemdebares, meore – moTxrobiTSi, mesame Semasmeneli – isev

saxelobiTSi. maTi saerTo qvemdebare saxelobiTSia.

erTgvari Semasmenlebi Cveulebriv erTi da imave mwkri-

vis formiTaa gadmocemuli.

magaliTad:

1. as mawy simød ToÙnados, mawy Ùav dacos, mawy venaÙ

leô×osã, qaniz ôeWyos `me xan siminds vToxni, xan

yanas vmki, xan venaxs vkref da yurZens vwurav.~

2. samuSaëmaqr÷ veõ÷Cé povles sani Cu daketadi÷, Cu

viSenå, Cê Tu×ôvis÷ `samuSaodan mosulma pavlem

karebi Caketa, dawva da daiZina.~

3. yivlev qoívi÷Cé ivnes ojax Cu ×iTnoer, samuSaoT

TurqiTđ vaxnor `siRaribiT Sewuxebul ivanes ojaxi

daetovebina da samuSaod TurqeTSi wasuliyo.~

zogjer erTgvari Semasmenlebi sxvadasxva mwkrivis

formiTaa gadmocemuli. magaliTad:

1. ôaSiv fôor Ùaîinå, maspinZlđx mSvidbalaã, Su×n

41

du×tì `stumrebma ivaxSmes da, maspinZlebs

emSvidobebian da midian.~

2. Tamros báder ayvanadinè, samsaëxren mayé baĉøCov,

o gagodé `Tamars bavSvi auyvania (uSvilebia) da,

samsaxurisTvis Tavdanebebuli, imas inaxavs.~

§7. erTgvarpirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba

erTgvaria pirdapiri damatebebi, romlebic erTsa da

imave Semasmenels Seewyoba. SevadaroT erTmaneTs ori wina-

dadeba:

1. ôaSev sani Cu dienå, maspinZelđ mokiTxodi÷

`stumarma karebi SeǩmoǪaRo da maspinZeli moikiTxa.~

2. maspinZles ôaSen balđ, atamđ daôø ôaTx `maspinZelma

stumars bali da atami miarTva.~

pirvel winadadebaSi ori pirdapiri damateba gvaqvs: ka-

rebi da maspinZeli, magram es winadadeba ar warmoadgens pir-

dapirdamatebian Serwymuls, radgan es damatebebi sxvadasxva

Semasmenels ukavSirdeba. es winadadeba erTgvar Semasmenli-

ani Serwymulia. meore winadadebaSi isev ori pirdapiri dama-

teba gvaqvs: atami, vaSli. amjerad ukve pirdapiri damatebebi

erTsa da imave Semasmenels ukavSirdeba, ris gamoc es pirda-

piri damatebebi erTgvaria, winadadeba ki Serwymuli, pirda-

pirdamatebiani.

wovaTuSur enaSi pirdapiri damateba Semasmenlis ne-

bismieri seriis formasTan brunvas ar icvlis da saxelobiT-

42

Si dgas. amitom erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi yovelTvis

erTsa da imave brunvaSi – saxelobiTSia warmodgenili. maga-

liTad:

1. as maRazie Jagnu×đ, rvivliđ, kalmiđ

evdos `me (moTx.) maRaziaSi wignebs (sax.) da,

rveulebs (sax.) da kalmebs (sax.) vyidulob.~

2. cenex qoTmiđ, fxakliđ gamravlbadinas `wels

qaTmebi (sax.) da, kurdRlebi (sax.) gavamravle.~

3. dabadeb denix biZis tardđ, saaTđ (sax.) icnor

sù `dabadebis dRisTvis biZas (mamis Zmas) beWedi

(sax.) da saaTi (sax.) eyida CemTvis.~

SemasmenelSi erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebis ricxvis

gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod rTuli mdgomareoba

gvaqvs Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi. am mxriv viTareba gansxva-

vebulia klasniSniansa da uklasniSno zmnebSi, amitom maT

cal-calke ganvixilavT.

klasniSnian zmnebSi erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebis

ricxvi yovelTvis gamoixateba. sakuTari morfologiuri

sistemiT sargeblobisas es klasniSniT xdeba erTjeradad,

xolo axali wovaTuSur-qarTuli najvari sistemis gamoye-

nebisas pirdapiri obieqtis ricxvis ormagi gamoxatva gvaqvs:

klasniSniT da piris niSniT.

Sdr.:

a) sakuTari sistemiT:

sè, vanè dadas dalé laëmr÷ `me da vanos mama

Camogviyvans (CamovyavarT) mTidan.~

43

b) najvari sistemiT:

sè, vanè dadas daloTxé laëmr÷ `me da vanos mama

Camogviyvans (CamovyavarT) mTidan.~

pirvel magaliTSi pirdapiri damatebebis ricxvi Semas-

menelSi gamoxatulia mxolod d klasniSniT, meore magaliT-

Si ki imave pirebis ricxvs gamoxatavs cal-calke: klasniSani

d da pirisa da ricxvis niSani (sufiqsi) -Txé.

uklasniSno SemasmenelSi sakuTari, wovaTuSuri, sis-

temiT sargeblobisas pirdapiri damatebis ricxvi saerTod

ar gamoixateba, najvari sitemiT sargeblobisas ki imas ake-

Tebs piris niSani. Sdr.:


wøCé mTavrbas sè, katè samsaëxrel÷ Su×n xecø

`axalma mTavrobam me da kato samsaxuridan gagviSva.

b) najvari sistemiT:

wøCé mTavrbas sè, katè samsaëxrel÷ Su×n xecøTxé

`axalma mTavrobam me da kato samsaxuridan gagviSva.

pirveli magaliTis zmnaSi arc piria pirdapiri obieqti-

sa gamoxatuli, arc ricxvi, meore magaliTSi ki imave Semas-

menelze darTuli sufiqsi -Txé pirsac gamoxatavs pirdapiri

obieqtisas da ricxvsac.

erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi uswreben Semasmenels

an mosdeven mas.

magaliTad:

a) erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi uswreben Semasme-

nels:

44

1. aÙsbina×né winç kabđ, mödilđ icnas àRdgomisTvis

axali kaba da TavSali viyide.~

2. adam alvaneles RazivxuW maÙiSđ, poemiđ werador

àdam alvaneli (uniWieresi TuSi poetia) saukeTeso

leqsebsa da poemebs werda.~

b) erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi mosdeven Semasme-

nels:

1. naybistes Cuqbadi÷ sù duxđ, kabdilđ `megobarma

maCuqa sunamo da sakabe.~

2. petres mødri laxkø Jabè, asiđ `petrem mindorSi

gareka Zroxebi da boColebi.~

gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca erTgvar pirdapir da-

matebaTagan zogi uswrebs Semasmenels, zogi ki mosdevs.

magaliTad:

1. sufrenmaq Ca× deõ÷, namcxvarã, xil-xuli `sufraze

Cai moitanes, namcxvari da xileuli.~

2. mowafin skole saxelmZRvanelu× Cuqbadi÷,

rvivliã, kalmi `moswavleebs skolaSi

saxelmZRvaneloebi aCuqes, rveulebi da kalmebi.~

Semasmenelsa da erTgvar pirdapir damatebebs Soris

xSirad Camdgaria sxva wevrebi.

magaliTad:

1. winiS divené kitrđ, pamidorđ, wiwakđ Txabus

yargodolø laq×aløCé Roruv erTna×raT Tö

da×ônor àxlad darguli kitri, pomidori da wiwaka

wuxel wvimis Semdeg movardnil Rvars erTianad

45

gaenadgurebina.~

2. iarmuki dikené Cu×xđ, asđ ivrmes

fsarlomcø nast daô doxkø `bazarSi wayvanili xbo

da batkani ioramma saRamomde Zlivs gayida.~

§8. erTgvariribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba

erTgvariribdamatebiania Serwymuli winadadeba, sadac

erT Semasmenels axlavs ramdenime iribi damateba. wovaTuSu-

ri enis zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi, rogorc mosalod-

neli iyo, aqtiurad funqcionirebs erTgvar iribdamatebiani

Serwymuli winadadebac.

erTgvari iribi damatebebi SeiZleba axldes rogorc

gardamaval, ise gardauval zmna-Semasmenels.

iribi damatebis zmna-SemasmenlSi gamoxatvis Tvalsaz-

risiT Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi paralelurad moqmedebs

ori sitema: sakuTari da qarTulidan nasesxebi. iribi obieq-

tis gamoxatvis sakuTriv wovaTuSuri sistema Taviseburebas

gviCvenebs im mxriv, rom zmnaSi iribi obieqti saerTod ar ga-

moixateba: ara aqvs mniSvneloba gardamavalia zmna Tu garda-

uvali, klasniSniani Tu uklasniSno.

sul sxva viTarebas vxvdebiT enaSi iribi obieqtis gamo-

xatvis nasesxebi anu qarTuli sistemis gamoyenebisas; am

dros ara aqvs mniSvneloba zmna gardamavalia Tu gardauva-

li, klasniSniani Tu uklasniSno, sagangebo sufiqsiT yovel-

Tvis gamoixateba iribi obieqtis piric da ricxvic.

46

aRniSnuli sistemebis Sesadareblad meti TvalsaCino-

ebisaTvis magaliTad viyenebT erTsa da imave winadadebas,

gvaqvs:


sonđ, merbenđ uCitles frædi daweradi÷ `me da

merabs maswavlebelma friadebi dawera (dagviwera).~

b) nasesxebi sistemiT:

sonđ, merbenđ uCitles frædi daweradi÷ Txù `me da

merabs maswavlebelma friadebi dagviwera.~

mocemuli winadadebis pirvel versiaSi Semasmeneli da-

weradi÷ warmodgenilia iribi obieqtis pirisa da ricxvis aR-

niSvnis gareSe, meore SemTxvevaSi ki imave zmnaze darTuli

sufiqsi -Txù gamoxatavs orives: pirveli iribi obieqtis

pirsac da ricxvsac, rogorc amas akeTebs qarTulSi Tavsar-

Ti `gv-~.

Taviseburad dgas wovaTuSurSi iribi obieqtis brun-

vis sakiTxic. sagulisxmoa, rom aqac imarTvis zmna-Semasmen-

lisgan es wevri brunvaSi da, analogiurad qarTulisa, es

brunva aris micemiTi. gansxvaveba mocemul sakiTxSi am or

enas Soris imaSi mdgoamreobs, rom wovaTuSurSi es micemiTi

sxvadasxvagvaria. samecniero literatiraSi Seswavlilia da

dadgenili, rom `zmnis konkretuli Sinaarsis mixedviT am

enaSi oTxi micemiTi gvaqvs: pirvels gamoxatavs saxelis fu-

Zeze darTuli sufiqsi -n, meores – sufiqsi -go, mesames – su-

fiqsi -gé, xolo meoTxes – sufiqsi -x. (miqelaZe – 2018, 114).

magaliTad:

47

a) nariani micemiTi irib damatebad:

×aôo-n, vaôo-n nanas aÙsbina×né dêfxì winç ecø

`gogos da biWs dedam saaRdgomod samosi

axali uyida.~

b) -go sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:

nane-go-ôđ, dade-go-ôđ iolkos taTeb daÙø `dedas da

mamas ilikom fuli gamoarTva.~

g) -gé sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:

daJar abrmes muSi-gé daciTi÷ `balaxi abramma muSebs

gaaTibina.~

d) -x sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:

báder nana-x ôerCå `bavSvi dedas exveva.~

Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari iribi damatebebi yo-

velTvis erTi da imave saxis micemiTSia warmodgenili, rad-

gan maTs brunvas erTi saerTo zmnis Sinaarsobrivi aqcenti

gansazRvravs.

magaliTad:

1. Ùai-n, fôari-n dayar Tiĉnas `Rorsa da ZaRls saWme

li vaWame.~

2. nanegé, dadegé is saqm coôannđ Tag×iTmak `dedas, ma

mas mag saqmes veravin gaakeTebinebs.~

3. ivne-x, a×rCle-x ise comenđ TeSå `ivanes da arCils aq

aravin endoba.~

4. sesxaT taTeb niku×goôđ, a×oClegoôđ daÙos `fuls

sesxad nikos da arCils gamovarTmev.~

48

wyoba erTgvari iribi damatebebisa da Semasmenlisa

ramdenadme Tavisufalia. fiqsirdeba maTi ganlagebis Semde-

gi variantebi:

a) iribi damatebebi uswreben Semasmenels:

1. filpenđ, ödru×nđ skolas sigeli daĉø `filipesa

da andros skolam sigelebi misca.~

2. povlegoô, ivrmegoô Jabé bavø `pavlesa da iorams

Zroxebi daekargaT.~

b) iribi damatebebi mosdeven Semasmenels:

1. nanas lamzur Cxødri di÷ ilku×nđ, Sa×mlenđ `dedam

lamazi windebi mouqsova ilikos da Samils.~

2. skol

direqtorgoôđ, moa×dglegoôđ saqm mu×Sç ×ax÷

`skolis direqtorsa da moadgiles saqme cudad

wauvidaT.~

g) Semasmeneli irib damatebebs Sorsaa moqceuli:

1. mTavrbas wa kimu×n daĉø ufasoT, vaxtanginã, ivsben

`mTavrobam saxli kimos misca ufasod, vaxtangs da

iosebs.~

2. weltina×né fstunán icnas saCuqar, knaTenã, nasin

`saaxalwlod cols vuyide saCuqari, biWs da rZals.~

d) irib damatebebs da Semasmenels Soris moqceulia

sxva sityvebi:

1. fôarCanđ, Jabonđ qiqoõ Ùeí÷Cov RaziS Tiĉnas

`ZaRlebsa da Zroxebs adre amdgarma kargad vaWame.~

2. ôaSinđ, CurCu×Snđ côāR darJdi÷Cé daòeCé

49

sufrenmaq Tiĉnas matr `stumrebsa da Senaurebs

erTad gaSlil grZel sufraze vaWame sadili.~

§9. erTgvarubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba

winadadeba SeiZleba Serwymuli iyos ubralo damate-

bebis mixedviTac. ubralo damateba ar Seewyoba zmnas arc

pirSi, arc klasSi, anu igi zmnaSi saerTod ar gamoixateba,

ris gamoc arc misi ricxvi Cans zmna-SemasmenelSi. aRniSnu-

lis gamo ubralo damateba, garda Semasmenlisa, SeiZleba ax-

ldes winadadebis sxva wevrebsac.

winadadebaSi SeiZleba iyos ramdenime ubralo damateba,

magram winadadeba mainc ar iyos Serwymuli erTgvari ubralo

damatebebis mixedviT. es xdeba maSin, roca ubralo damatebebi

sxvadasxva wevrebTanaa Sewyobili, an sxvadasxva saxisaa.

magaliTad:

a) ubralo damatebebi Sewyobilia sxvadasxva wevrebTan:

Tokiv qoki axkiné Jabé dadas manqnev axmit bik÷

boxkö `TokebiT fexebSekruli Zroxebi mamam manqaniT

axmetaSi waiyvana gasayidad.~

b) ubralo damatebebi sxvadasxva saxisaa:

ôaWdagrev ôamaxeõ lamzurx elisé ×ar Txa dRevbax

`SesaxedaobiT yvelaze lamazi eliso iyo dRes

dReobaSi.~

winadadeba Serwymulia ubralo damatebebis mixedviT

maSin, roca es damatebebi erTgvaria da erTsa da imave wevrs

ukavSirdeba.

50

magaliTad:

a) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba Semasme-

nels:

qiqoõ alverdbax doivđ, uxmivđ ixraTx `winaT

alaverdobaSi cxenebiTa da urmebiT davdiodiT.~

b) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba qvemdeba-

res:

yivlexđ gaWirbaxđ leTrev daô malvi÷sé `siRaribesa

da gaWirvebasTan Widilma damRala.~

g) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba pirdapir

damatebas:

direqtores mowafaxđ, mSoblaxđ bčarvaxar xitdi÷

`direqtorma moswavleebsa da mSoblebTan Sexvedra

gadawyvita.~

d) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba gansaz-

Rvrebas:

ôona×nè, sona×nè abiné kabi dirckes daô ×oxkø

`SenTvis da CemTvis Sekerili kabebi mkeravma gayida.~

erTgvar damatebebs brunvis forma erTnairi aqvT, gan-

sxvaveba maT Soris SeiZleba iyos ricxvis mixedviT:

ôona×nè, Sa×r bádrina×nè diené Cxødri nanas daô

dií÷ `SenTvis da Tavisi SvilebisTvis moqsovili

windebi dedam garecxa.~

Tu ubralo damatebis gadmosacemad Tandebuliani

formaa saWiro, Cveulebriv yvela erTgvari ubralo damate-

ba Tandebuliania.

51

magaliTad:

1. ×aSegor÷daôè, vaSegor÷daôè mokiTxv÷ wirli

miRebadinas `disgan da Zmisgan mokiTxvis werilebi

miviRe.~

2. ôùmaqđ, sùmaqđ ayrad×i÷ petres qiqlú javr `Senze

da Cemze iyara petrem Zveli javri.~

§10. erTgvargansazRvrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba

wovaTuSur enaSi ori saxis gansazRvreba gvaqvs: atri-

butuli anu SeTanxmebuli da substantiuri anu marTuli.

atributuli gansazRvrebis rolSi gvevlineba zedsarTavi

saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli da zogjer TviTon

arsebiTi saxelic, substantiuri gansazRvreba ki gadmoicema

naTesaobiT brunvaSi marTuli arsebiTi saxeliT, an gaarsebi-

Tebuli sxva metyvelebis nawiliT.

sagulisxmoa, rom damoukideblad aRebuli orive saxis

gansazRvreba ibrunvis da dairTavs saTanado brunvis niSnebs,

msazRvrelad gamoyenebisas ki garkveul Taviseburebas gviC-

venebs, kerZod:

a) atributul msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi

saxeli saxelobiTis garda yvela sxva brunvaSi sagangebo -Co

sufiqss dairTavs da brunvis niSnebs aRar saWiroebs.

b) substantiur msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli saxeli sa-

xelobiTSi dasmul sazRvruls naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT

Seewyoba, sxva brunvebSi ki fuZis saxiT rCeba.

52

msazRvrel saxelTa brunebis aRniSnuli Tavisebureba

Tavs iCens sazRvrulTan maTi nebismieri saxis urTierTobi-

sas.

magaliTad:

a) 1. kuinđ, wegenđ vardi laíer ezo `TeTri da

wiTeli vardebi idga ezoSi.~

2. kuiC-è, wege-Cè vardiv dar darbaz morTadiené

`TeTri da wiTeli vardebiT iyo darbazi morTuli.~

b) 1. nanenđ, dadenđ surTi albomi ×u×xknas `dedis da

mamis suraTebi albomSi Cavawye.~

2. nanđ, dadđ surTiv xarbalas `deda(s) da mama(s)

suraTebiT vxarob.~

erTgvari gansazRvrebebi uSualod arian dakavSirebu-

li erTsa da imave sazRvrulTan da erTnairad miemarTebian

mas, erTmaneTs ki uerTdebian maerTebeli kavSirebiT, an ukav-

Sirod, mxolod CamoTvlis intonaciiT.

magaliTad:

a) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi mxolod CamoTvlis intona-

ciiT uerTdebian erTmaneTs:

1. buqraulö iliké õčamdiené, gùlø, wa×rv÷ stak var

`buqurauli iliko (cnobili TuSi maTematikosi)

naswavli, Wkviani, saxelovani kaci iyo.~

2. baíir÷, atiné, lamzur bu×sđ laíer `mTvariani,

Cumi, lamazi saRamo idga.~

b) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi kavSiriT uerTdebian er-

TmaneTs:

53

1. xenenđ, Ùerenđ (xen-Ùer÷) adm÷ xiĉ÷ aniké `xisa da

qvis adamiani aRmoCnda aniko.~

2. Wirvenã, doklak stak var mixaké `Wirveuli da

braziani kaci iyo mixako.~

g) gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukavSiro SeerTeba:

1. meÙmaq dater RaziS diíené, dauTadienoã, daô

Cavardiené sarecx `taxtze elaga kargad garecxili,

gauToebuli da gadarCeuli sarecxi.~

2. zorö, wa×rvenã, saqmlø voô lexor siZeR amirnes

`yoCaRs, saxelovansa da saqmian biWs eZebda siZed

amirani.~

erTgvar gansazRvrebaTa SesaerTeblad kavSirisgan

yvelaze xSirad ixmareba majgufebeli kavSiri `da~, iSviaTad

ki mapirispirebeli kavSirebi: mđ (`magram~), `magram~. aRniSnu-

li kavSirebi (mđ, magram) orive qarTulenovania, nasesxebia

erTi da imave `magram~ kavSirisgan interferentul proces-

Ta sxvadasxva doneze. maTgan metyvelebis procesSi pirveli

ufro xSirad funqcionirebs, radgan mas gamoyenebis ufro

xangrZlivi tradicia aqvs.

magaliTad:

1. TiSø, mđ Tagu×nç kab ×afxur Tiku×go `Zveli, magram

moxdenili kaba ecva Tikos.~

2. mkacr, magram samarTliö ganaC÷ ×aÙø mosamarTles

`mkacri, magram samarTliani ganaCeni gamoitana

mosamarTlem.~

54

erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs winadadebaSi arsebiTi

saxeliT gamoxatul romelime wevrs: qvemdebares, yvela sa-

xis damatebas, adgilisa da drois garemoebebs, Semasmenelis

saxelad nawils.

magaliTad:

a) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs qvemdebares:

1. gùwiCé, moufiqrbel daSav dok Ǥavé admen÷

`briyvuli, moufiqrebeli sityva guls uklavs

adamians.~

2. s÷ winđ, TiSinđ kabi garderobe Ùaëxkì `Cemi axali

da Zveli kabebi garderobSi hkidia.~

b) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs damatebebs:

1. fsare Txilenđ, kaklenđ CurCxlaõu× u×xknas `guSin

Txilisa da kaklis CurCxelebi avasxi.~

2. winiS Tagdi÷Coã, gamarTodi÷Cé weniv södro

zora×Sç amyebala àxali aSenebuli da mowyobili

saxliT sandro Zalian amayobs.

3. kvexraõè, zarmacđ admenex as co TeSes `mkvexara da

zarmac adamians me ar vendobi.~

g) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs garemoebas:

1. winiS SemoRobadbi÷Coã, dabarodb÷Cé baÙCe vanos

yarfuz ×iv÷ àxlad SemoRobilsa da dabarul baRSi

vanom sazamTro daTesa.~

2. iStuCé maxereCoã, baíwiCé bu×sa×vô sù comiCã

×axmak àseT qariansa da umTvaro RameSi me versad

waval.~

55

zogjer winadadebaSi SeiZleba funqcionirebdes ram-

denime erTgvari predikatiuli gansazRvreba.

magaliTad:

1. lawmar bčarki ôap×enoã, gafiTrbada×lné diSur

maíe `avadmyofi TvalebdaxuWuli da gafiTrebuli

iwva loginSi.~

2. báder wegdalinoã, Ǥafaldaliné laíer daden

ôaTx `bavSvi gawiTlebuli da darcxvenili idga mamis

win.~

§11. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba

erTgvargaremoebiania Serwymuli winadadeba, Tu mis

erTsa da imave wevrs ramdenime erTi da imave saxis garemoeba

ukavSirdeba. wovaTuSurSi xuTi sxvadasxva saxis garemoeba

gvaqvs: adgilisa, droisa, mizezisa, miznisa da viTarebisa. Se-

sabamisad, gvaqvs amdenive saxis erTgvargaremoebiani Ser-

wymuli winadadeba.

I. aRniSnuli tipis winadadebebidan wovaTuSurSi yve-

laze farTo moxmarebisaa erTgvar adgilisgaremoebiani

Serwymuli winadadeba. adgilis garemoebebi erTgvaria, ro-

ca isini erTsa da imave kiTxvaze pasuxoben da erTsa da imave

wevrs miemarTebian.

nebismieri saxis garemoeba da maT Soris adgilis gare-

moebac winadadebaSi sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna-Semasme-

nelTan an nazmnari saxeliT gamoxatul romelime sxva wev-

56

rTan: qvemdebaresTan, yvela saxis damatebasTan, gansazRvre-

basTan da garemoebasTanac.

adgilis garemoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis Tavise-

burebas qmnis is garemoeba, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi gare-

moebisadmi dasmuli kiTxvebi Sinaarsobrivad bolomde unda

emTxveodes erTmaneTs. magaliTad, winadadebaSi: Ǥuvi

laëmrenđ koxđx daSvebadbalø àmwyemsebi mTidan barSi daeS-

vnen~ ori adgilis garemoeba gvaqvs: laëmrenđ àmTidan~ da

koxđx àbarSi~. es garemoebebi araa erTgvari, radgan dasmuli

kiTxvebi: miCxrenđ? àsaidan?~ da miC? àsad? saiTǩkenǪ?~, marTa-

lia, orive adgils miemarTeba, magram maT Soris ara gvaqvs

sruli Tanxvedra, radgan pirveli moqmedebis sawyis punqts

aRniSnavs, meore ki – bolos.

axla aviRoT aseTi winadadeba: lamuô, bareô yaré ×aT-

xer côa×nna×raT àmTaSi da barSi (mTaSic, barSic) wvimda er-

Tnairad~. mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgilis garemoebebi: lamuô

da bareô – erTgvaria, radgan orive pasuxobs erTsa da imave

kiTxvaze – miCe? miCux? àsad?~.

wovaTuSurSi adgilis garemoeba pasuxobs ramdenime

kiTxvaze: miCe? / miCux? àsad?~, miCrenđ? àsaidan?~, miCivô? àsa-

iTǩkenǪ?~, miCemcø? àsadamde?~ amave sistemazea agebuli er-

Tgvar adgilisgaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis qvesaxe-

ebic. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs:

1. e báder Cuôđ, skoleôđ RaziS qcevala `es bavSvi

SinǩacǪ da gareTǩacǪ kargad iqceva.~

2. karvigu×ôã, qoxigu×ô qastba×lnaTx malba×lnu×

57

`karvebisken da qoxebisken avCqardiT daRlilebi.~

3. sa× sögomcinã, wenigomcø nast Ùa×Cnas `Cems

ezomde da saxlamde Zlivs mivaRwie.~

4. sanaxødaã, qoraxøda nax ôefsur du×lobigé

`karebidan da sarkmlebidan xalxi uyurebda

cxenosnebs.~

erTgvar adgilis garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSirianic

gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi da ukavSiroc. yvelaze xSirad er-

Tgvar wevrebs majgufebeli -đ àda~ da le àan~ kavSirebi aer-

Tebs, Tumca amave funqciiT sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba macal-

kevebeli sakuTriv wovaTuSuri mawy – mawy àxan – xan~, le – le

àan – an~, leõeô – leõeô àTund – Tund~ da qarTulidan nases-

xebi gød – gød àgind – gind~ kavSrebi.

magaliTad:

1. qalqiôđ, Telveôđ duÙ naybisti da sogo `qalaqSi

(TbilisSi) da TelavSi bevri megobari myavs.~

2. lamuôi le bare, Cuôi le nčaõi ×aóù sicx laíer

`mTaSi Tu barSi, Sin Tu gareT didi sicxe idga.~

3. qoívaløCov mawy qalqi lixnas samsaxur, mawy

Telve `Sewuxebulma xan qalaqSi (TbilisSi) veZebe

samsaxuri, xan TelavSi.~

4. leõeô samsaëxre gibđlasé mixos, leõeô Cuô `Tund

samsaxurSi minaxulos mixom, Tund Sin.~

5. gød Cuô deÙđl qorwil levnes, gød restorne

`gind saxlSi gadaixados qorwili levanma, gind

restoranSi.~

58

erTgvar adgilisgaremoebian winadadebaSi xSirad

gvxvdeba erTgvar wevrTa ganmazogadebeli sityvebi. ganma-

zogadebeli sityvebi SeiZleba uswrebdes an mosdevdes er-

Tgvar garemoebebs.

magaliTad:

1. Stolmaq, Taru×maq, Skafmaq – miCxmaõ búgal

lefCer `magidaze, Taroze, karadaze – yvelgan

mtveri ido.~

2. Cuôi le naxlo – miCxmaõ so lexosé Tamros `Sin Tu

xalxSi – yvelgan me meZebs Tamari.~

3. frùtmaqr÷daôoã, qalqir÷daôè – miCxmar÷da moČø

ambu× ×aRor `frontidanac da qalaqidanac –

yvelganidan cudi ambebi modioda.~

4. moskovemcinã, qaliqa×mcø – miCxmaõa×mcø niy ba

sogo `Tbilisamde da moskovamde – yvelganamde gza

maqvs.~

5. miCxmaõ da sogo dakr÷ naybisti – alni, Telvaôã,

qalqi `yvelgan myavs guliTadi megobrebi – alvanSi,

TelavSi da qalaqSi (TbilisSi).~

II. erTgvar drois garmoebaTa Semcveli Serwymuli wi-

nadadeba agreTve sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi. mi-

si sintaqsi TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva erTgvar adgilisga-

remoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis sintaqss, aqac aqtiurad

dgas kiTxvaTa mravalferovnebisa da maTi zusti Sinaarsob-

rivi damTxvevis aucileblobis sakiTxi.

59

magaliTad, mocemul winadadebaSi:

Ǥurd÷laTiné fsarlomci laywø muSebadinas

Ùavelo `dilidan moyolebuli saRamomde

Seusveneblad vimuSave yanaSi.~

erT SemasmenelTan ori drois garemoeba gvaqvs:

1. Ǥurd÷laTiné `dilidan moyolebuli.~

2. fsarlomcø `saRamomde.~

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, es drois garemoebebi araa er-

Tgvari, radgan pasuxoben sxvadasxva kiTxvebze: macandolø?

àrodidan?~ da maclomcø? àrodemde?~

imave TvalsazrisiT axla gavaanalizoT Semdegi winada-

deba:

stouxkê, cenexđ zRva×maq ×arasé Tivö `SarSan da

wels (SarSanac da welsac) zRvaze viyavi

dasasveneblad.~

amjeradac isev ori drois garemoeba ukavSirdeba Se-

masmenels:

1. stoëxkì `SarSan~.

2. cenex `wels.~

orive mocemuli garemoeba pasuxobs erTsa da imave

kiTxvaze macö? àrodis?~, ris gamoc gaanalizebuli winada-

deba Serwymulia.

drois garemoeba wovaTuSurSi Semdeg kiTxvebs dais-

vams:

macö? àrodis?~, macödolø? àrodidan?~, maclomcø?

àrodemde?~, ste xanuv? àraǩmdeniǪ xniT?~

60

winadadebaSi drois garemoeba ZiriTadad Semasmenels

ukavSirdeba, magram gvxvdeba nazmnari saxeliT gamoxatuli

sxva wevrebTanac.

magaliTad:

1. stoëxkê, SurCoxđ dawø Ǥa laíraTva×go `SarSan da

SarSanwin mZime zamTari gvedga.~

2. aô vaõlomcinã, ivram vaõlomcø as ise xiĉđs `Sen

mosvlamde da ioramis mosvlamde me aq viqnebi.~

3. sa xiĉlomcinã, maTx baĉlomcø jer duÙaõ dro ×a

`gaTenebamde da mzis amosvlamde jer bevri droa.~

4. deniôđ, bu×sê Sromev visvaÙøsé yivlex `dRisiT da

RamiT (dRedaRam) Sromam gadamarCina siRaribisgan.~

5. Txđ, Ùanè ×eõ÷Cé yarov saqm ×avo×é `dRes da xval

mosuli wvima saqmes gaafuWebs.~

erTgvar drois garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSirianic Se-

iZleba iyos da ukavSiroc. ukavSiro SeerTebis dros er-

Tgvar wevrTa sakavSirebel saSualebas CamoTvlis intonacia

warmoadgens.

magaliTad:

1. bádrole, yùle, yanSebo – bčđ Tivoíené adm÷

daraôé `bavSvobaSi, axalgazrdobaSi, sibereSi –

yovelTvis mSvidi adamiani iyavi.~

2. Txa, Ùö, lamé sicxu× ×a gamocxadbad×iené `dRes,

xval, zeg sicxeebia gamocxadebuli.~

3. laëmreCé nayv votuS, vaRoS TxiloS xiĉâ! `mTis

gzaze wasvlisas, mosvlisas (mimosvlisas) frTxilad

61

iyavi!~

ori erTgvari drois garemoebis SeerTeba yvelaze xSi-

rad kavSiriT xdeba. am dros gamoiyeneba igive majgufebeli

da macalkevebeli kavSirebi, rac erTgvar adgilis garemoe-

bebTan gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

1. yaroxđ, lavaxđ as vafxeS vefxlas `Tovlsa da

wvimaSi me Tbilad vicmev.~

2. le bu×suõ vaRos ôo ×agö, le Ǥurd÷ qiqoõ `an

RamiTve moval Sens sanaxavad, an diliT adre.~

3. Cuôi le nčaõi, deniôi le bu×sì vđxrex daklivas

`Sin Tu gareT, dRisiT Tu RamiT cxovrebaze

vfiqrob.~

erTgvar drois garemoebaTa Semcveli Serwymuli wina-

dadeba Cveulebriv orwevriania da kavSiriani. kavSiriani da

ukavSiro SeerTeba erTdrouli, cxadia, samsa da met er-

Tgvar droisgaremoebian SerwymulSi Segvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

1. SurCox, stoëxkoã, cexen so qalqi co xiĉenvasé

`SarSanwin, SarSan da wels me qalaqSi (TbilisSi) ar

vyofilvar.~

2. Txđ, Ùanoã, lamè ×uxaõ yaru× levo×é `dRes, xval

da zeg isev (kvlav) wvimebs varaudoben.~

3. leõeô Txa lax dro sù latö, leõeô Ùanoã, leõeô

lamé `Tund dRes monaxe dro Cem dasaxmareblad,

Tund xval da Tund zeg.~

62

erTgvar droisgaremoebian Serwymul winadadebaSi

zogjer ganmazogadebeli sityvebic gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

1. deniôi le bu×sì, Ǥalixi le xkolix – bčđ stixnas

ôo `dRisiT Tu RamiT, zamTarSi Tu zafxulSi –

yovelTvis gelode Sen.~

2. bádroleôi le vaóloba – bčđ bar sogo dad÷ xaTr

`bavSvobaSi Tu didobaSi – yovelTvis mqonda mamis

xaTri!~

III. erTgvar viTarebisgaremoebiani Serwymuli winada-

deba Zalian farTod aris gavrcelebuli wovaTuSurSi. ro-

gorc yvela sxva saxis garemoeba, viTarebis gaermoeba wina-

dadebaSi ukavSirdeba Semasmenels, an nazmnari saxeliT gamo-

xatul sxva wevrebs: qvemdebares, gansazRvrebas, damatebas.

wovaTuSurSi viTarebis garemoeba pasuxobs Semdeg

kiTxvebze: moô? àrogor?~, moôna×raT? àrogornairad?~, ste-

na×raT? àranairad?~ samive dasaxelebuli kiTxva Sinaarsob-

rivad erTmaneTs emTxveva da Tavisuflad cvlis erTmaneTs.

gansxvaveba mxolod maTs warmomavlobaSia: pirveli moô? sa-

kuTriv wovaTuSuria, meore da mesame ki – moôna×raT? da ste-

na×raT? – qarTulidan Sesrulebul hibridul nasesxobebs

warmoadgens. maTgan pirveli: moôna×raT? àrogornairad?~

met siaxloves avlens wovaTuSurTan, ufro Zveli nasesxobaa

da mas dRes mxolod asakovanTa metyvelabSi vxvdebiT, rac

Seexeba mesame kiTxvas – stena×raT? àranairad?~ is ukve zed-

miwevniTi kalkia qarTlisa.

63

rogorc aRvniSneT, dasaxelebuli samive kiTxva erTi

da imave Sinaarsisaa da mcireodeni niuansobirivi gansxvave-

biT Tavisuflad enacvleba erTmaneTs.

erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba winadadebaSi

kavSirianic SeiZleba iyos da ukavSiroc. erTgvar viTarebis

garemoebaTa SesaerTeblad gamoiyeneba maerTebeli kavSire-

bi: majgufebelic, macalkevebelic da mapirispirebelic.

aseTebia: -đ àda~, le `Tu~, mđ `magram~, mawy – mawy `xan – xan~,

gød – gød `gind – gind ~.

magaliTad:

a) erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba ukavSiroa:

1. katekoS, dalagbulaT ×eb ambu×! `nela,

dalagebulad ilaparake!~

2. kvnesalaS, eí-eíeS ×efcor lawmrev ambu×

`kvnesiT, sveneb-svenebiT yveboda avadmyofi ambavs.~

3. ZúwaT, qo ôaWyoS vaxer nikloz `Zunwad, xelmoWeri-

lad cxovrobda nikolozi.~

b) erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSiriania:

1. moô zora×Sđ, gametbulaTđ Tefxé e stakov e fôaran

`rogor Zalian da gametebulad scems es kaci am

ZaRls.~

2. dadas zora×Sç mkacraTã, gùliS vaÙvor voô `mama

Zalian mkacrad da Wkvianad zrdida vaJs.~

3. mawy zora×Sç la×wç sù Wrilobã, mawy naklebaT

`xan Zalian mtkiva Wriloba da xan naklebad.~

4. qastlaS, mđ dalagbulaT ×efcor ambu× ivrmes

64

`aCqarebiT, magram dalagebulad yveboda ambavs

iorami.~

roca erTgvari viTarebis garemoeba winadadebaSi orze

metia, ori ukanaskneli xSirad kavSiriTaa SeerTebuli, da-

narCeni ki ukavSirod:

1. mdidrulaT, TaguSã, la×mzraT dafxur ôaS

`mdidrulad, moxdenilad da lamazad ecva stumars.~

2. eí-eíeS, TxiloSã, dakbaĉuS ixor vaJar kmatmaqđ

`sveneb-svenebiT, frTxilad da dakvirvebiT

adiodnen Zmebi kldeze.~

SemasmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari viTarebis ga-

remoebebi umetes SemTxvevaSi uswreben mas, magram zogjer

mosdeven kidec konteqsis Sesabamisad.

a) viTarebis garemoebebi uswreben Semasmenels:

1. moÙ boS, leTxö ixoS, winç sadRegrZelu× levdoS

garTobadinas ôaSi `simReriT, cekviT, axali

sadRegrZeloebis TqmiT gavarTe stumrebi.~

2. dokdastoS, mxiarulaT bčar×ax÷ Txù maspinZel

` gulgaxsnilad, mxiarulad Segvxvda maspinZeli.~

b) viTarebis garemoebebi mosdeven Semasmenels:

1. ×ux ×irwnas sasamarTlu×r÷ TxuS, sa× qorTix

serteS `davbrundi sasamarTlodan tiriliT,

sakuTari Tavis wyevliT.~

2. ubö ôalé icnaTx baxøCu×Sv buR-bakuSã, maÙiS doS

`ubani avikeliT mTvralebma RrianceliT da

simReriT.~

65

viTarebis garemoebebs Soris kavSiri xSirad axsna-gan-

martebiT xasiaTs atarebs: momdevno garemoebebi xsnian da

azusteben winamavals.

magaliTad:

1. atiné, ambu× co ×oS, iS co ×axoS botur mzvervi

`Cumad, ulaparakod, xmis amouReblad midiodnen

mzveravebi.~

2. didka×craT, ôak dexkoS, ambu× co ×oS ǤevaRer

ôaSilo ilé `didkacurad, SublSekvriT, xmis

amouReblad ijda ilo stumrebSi.~

IV. ramdenime erTgvari mizezis garemoebis Semcveli

Serwymuli winadadeba naklebad gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi.

mizezis garemoeba iseve, rogorc sxva saxis garemoebe-

bi, ZiriTadad Semasmenels ukavSirdeba, magram garkveul

SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba daukavSirdes gaarsebiTebuli nazmna-

ri saxeliT gadmocemul sxva wevrebsac. misi kiTxvebia: Ā?

àratom?~, st÷daîđ àrisTvis?~, Ĉxa×no? àris gamo?~, ste miz-

zuv? àra mizeziT?~ es kiTxvebi erTmaneTTan sinonimur damo-

kidebulebaSia da konteqstSi Tavisuflad enacvlebian er-

TmaneTs. maTgan pirveli sami kiTxva sakuTriv wovaTuSuria,

meoTxe ki (ste mizzuv?) - saTanado qarTuli kiTxvis àra mi-

zeziT?~ kalks warmoadgens.

erTgvar mizezis garemoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba am

enaSi ZiriTadad or erTgvarwevriania da es wevrebi SeerTe-

bulia majgufebeli kavSiriT; gvaqvs ergvar wevrTa ukavSi-

ro SeerTebac.

66

magaliTad:

a)erTgvari mizezis garemoebebi SeerTebulia kavSiriT.

1. fSelgor÷daôaã, sicxgor÷daôđ adm÷ côa×nna×raT

qoíla `sicivisganǩacǪ da sicxisganǩacǪ adamiani

erTnairad wuxdeba.~

2. maclegor÷daôaã, xaklegor÷daôđ tyveni daniõ daô

davur `SimSilisganǩacǪ da wyurvilisganǩacǪ tyveebi

yvelani ixocebodnen.~

b) erTgvari mizezis garemoebebi SeerTebulia ukavSi-

rod.

1. buô droô yivlex, maclex doldalir naxlo yol

`omis dros siRaribisgan, SimSilisgan daiwyo

xalxSi qurdoba.~

2. zarmacb÷daîa, maĉar dewr÷daîa wunbadvor

maxkarv nikloz `sizarmacis gamo, sasmelis

siyvarulis gamo wunobdnen gogoebi nikolozs.~

SemasmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari mizezis gare-

moebebi SeiZleba uswrebdes an mosdevdes Semasmenels.

magaliTad:

1. levö klase viT÷ sizarmacb÷daîaã, gaclenødaîa

`levani klasSi datoves sizarmacisa da gacdenebis

gamo.~

2. mawy lawiS xiĉr÷daîađ, mawy CureCé saqmuûdaîađ

cdenadinas samsaxur `xan avadmyofobis gamo, xan

saSinao saqmeebis gamo vacdine samsaxuri.~

67

V. ramdenime miznis garemoebis Semcveli Serwymuli wi-

nadadeba agreTve naklebi sixSiriT funqcionirebs am enaSi.

miznis garemoeba sintaqsur wyvils winadadebaSi Ziri-

Tadad SemasmenelTan qmnis, magram gvxvdeba agreTve nazmnari

saxeliT gamoxatul sxva wevrebTanac.

misi kiTxvebia: stenna×né? àrisTvis?~, stenndaîa? àris

gulisTvis?~, ste miznuv? àra mizniT?~

Serwymul winadadebaSi erTsa da imave wevrTan ZiriTa-

dad ori ergvari miznis garemoeba gvxvdeba. isini kavSiriT an

ukavSirod uerTdebian erTmaneTs. kavSirTagan am tipis Ser-

wymul winadadebaSi gvxvdeba majgufebeli an macalkevebeli

kavSirebi.

magaliTad:

a) erTgvari miznis garemoebebi SeerTebulia ukavSi-

rod.

1. ojax qokimaq oí×ö, naxlé TamamaT egö buymaq qoki

oí×i÷ elizbres `ojaxis fexze dasayeneblad,

xalxSi Tamamad gasasvlelad welze fexebi daidga

elizbarma.~

2. dro co lexmak sù lawmar dagö, damSvidbadö

`dros ver vpoulob avadmyofis mosanaxuleblad,

dasamSvideblad.~

b) erTgvari miznis garemoebebi SeerTebulia kavSiriT:

1. Tivanã, garTobadvalö cexen côav÷ va×xnas zRva×maq

`dasasveneblad da gasarTobad wels marto wavedi

zRvaze.~

68

2. Si muSaõé qirbadinas qaniz laô×anã, dawurad×ö

`ori muSa viqirave yurZnis dasakrefad da

dasawurad.~

SemesmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari miznis garemo-

ebebi mosdevs an uswrebs Semasmenels.

magaliTad:

1. wa garemontbadanã, avej ecö taTeb co

dagrovbadomakø sù `saxlis gasaremonteblad da

avejis sayidlad fuli ver movagrove.~

2. Ùö qaliq ×u×tas qu×rwlene×né kuø kab ecanã, lak÷

tufli abiTö `xval qalaqSi (TbilisSi) mivdivar qorwi-

lisTvis TeTri kabis sayidlad da lakis tuflebis Sesakeri-

neblad.~

§12. gansxvavebuli tipis Serwymuli winadadeba

zogjer wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winadadebaSi erT

saerTo wevrTan ramdenime sxvadasxva sintaqsuri funqciis

mqone wevria dakavSirebuli. isini maerTebeli kavSiriT ise

arian erTmaneTTan misadagebuli, rogorc erTgvari wevrebi.

magaliTad, winadadebaSi: bčaã miCxmaõ as ôocø xiĉas (yvelgan

da mudam me SenTan viqnebi) `da~ kavSiriT erTmaneTTan droi-

sa (bčđ) da adgilis (miCxmaõ) garemoebebia dakavSirebuli.

magaliTebi SeiZleba kidev davasaxeloT:

1. iÙumfleCé xaneôã, iSt dawvrilbiT moô ×is÷ ôù

dako is ambu×? `amden xans da ase dawvrilebiT

69

rogor dagamaxsovrda eg ambavi?~

winadadeba Serwymulia droisa da viTarebis garemoe-

bebis mixedviT.

2. ôö, macanã, Ĉxa×né ×efcø ôogé is ambu×? `vin,

rodis da ra mizniT (ratom) giambo eg ambavi?~

winadadeba Serwymulia qvemdebarisa, droisa da miznis

garemoebebis mixedviT.

3. comiCr÷daôoã, coôögor÷da latar co stexos

`arsaidan da aravisgan daxmarebas ar velodebi.~

winadadeba Serwymulia drois garemoebisa da ubralo

damatebis mixedviT.

4. døjaTã, dafiqrbadva×lné votur bčex ivseb

`dinjad da dafiqrebuli midioda jarSi iosebi.~

winadadeba Serwymulia viTarebis garemoebisa da pre-

dikatuli gansazRvrebis mixedviT.

gansxvavebuli sintaqsuri statusis wevrebis winada-

debaSi erTgvar wevrebad warmodgena araa damaxasiaTebeli

mxolod wovaTuSurisTvis. igive movlena samecniero lite-

raturaSi dafiqsirebulia sxva enebis masalebiTac. magali-

Tad, l. kvaWaZe Serwymuli winadadebis analogiur models

warmoadgens qarTuli enis masalebiT (kvaWaZe 1966 – 265), xo-

lo a. peSkovski analogiur wyobas afiqsirebs rusul enaSi

(peSkovski 1956 – 442).

70

Tavi II.

rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis sintaqsi

§13. rTuli winadadebis raoba da saxeebi

rTulia winadadeba, romelic ori an meti martivi Tu

Serwymuli winadadebisgan Sedgeba da azrobrivad da into-

naciurad erT mTlian dasrulebul erTeuls warmoadgens.

magaliTad:

1. ôo ×agar deniõ Ùenaõ da:

gaëgđx Cu vexesé ôo ×a×gCe,

dak-bčarkin yanol daô ×icla,

wig ôal winarla ôo ×a×gCe

àSeni danaxva sul sxvaa:

muxlebSi vingrevi Seni xilvisas,

gulis Tvalebs sibere aviwydebaT,

sisxli miaxldeba Seni xilvisas.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 96)

2. u×St viqnor e kawkù stak mã, leki baniõ caxcaxe×né

bekbinor àise eyvira am patara kacs, rom lekebi yvelani

acaxcaxebuliyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)

3. ôal qorTmi diCe, le o `bradiag~ co levvoger osiôã,

le oÙuû böjglđr÷ fôu àroca Tavebi maRla auweviaT,

aRarc is `bradiaga~ yofiliyo iq da aRarc imisi

banjgvliani ZaRli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 27)

warmodgenili sami rTuli winadadebidan pirveli oTxi

martivi winadadebisgan Sedgeba, meore or martiv winadade-

71

bas Seicavs, xolo mesame rTul winadadebaSi erTi martivi da

erTi Serwymulia gaerTianebuli.

cnobilia is garemoeba, rom rTulSi Semavali martivi

Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis erT mTelad gaerTianebaSi,

garda zmnis droisa da kilos formebisa, winadadebaTa wyo-

bisa Tu misaTiTebeli da sakavSirebeli sityvebisa, gadam-

wyvet rols asrulebs sagangebo, gamaerTianebeli intona-

cia. aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, yovelmxriv zedmiwevniT

fiqsirdeba Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSic.

imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria masSi Semaval martiv Tu

Serwymul winadadebaTa funqciuri urTierTmimarTeba, rTu-

li winadadebis ori saxe gamoiyofa: Tanwyobili da qvewyo-

bili. Tanwyoba gulisxmobs erTimeoris mimarT gramatiku-

lad Tanaswor winadadebaTa SeerTeba-dakavSirebas, xolo

qvewyobis dros xdeba iseT winadadebaTa SeerTeba-dakavSi-

reba, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT ar arian Tanasworni.

zemoT dasaxelebuli sami rTuli winadadebidan pirve-

li winadadeba Tanwyobilia, meore da mesame ki qvewyobili.

ar arsebobs dRes qarTulSi winadadebaTa Tanwyobisa

Tu qvewyobis raime Sinaarsobrivi niuansi, romlis gadmoce-

mac Tanamedrove wovaTuSurma ver SeZlos sakuTari enobri-

vi saSualebebiT.

rTulSi Semavali martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebebi

am enaSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, erTmaneTs uerTdeba ukav-

Sirod an kavSiris saSualebiT, anu gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukav-

Siro SeerTeba. am mizniT: Tanwyobis SemTxvevaSi maerTebeli

72

kavSirebi funqcionirebs, qvewyobis SemTxvevaSi ki – maqvem-

debarebeli kavSirebi.

§14. majgufebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba

kavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba ufro meti

sixSiriT funqcionirebs wovaTuSur zepirsa da weriTs met-

yvelebaSi, vidre ukavSiro. rTulSi Semaval martiv Tu Ser-

wymul winadadebaTa dasakavSireblad gamoiyeneba yvela sa-

xis maerTebeli kavSiri: majgufebeli, macalkevebeli, mapi-

rispirebeli Tu maigivebeli. maTgan yvelaze xSirad aRniSnu-

li funqciiT majgufebeli kavSirebi gvxvdeba, yvelaze nak-

lebad ki maigivebeli kavSirebi.

aRniSnulis mixedviT gasagebia, rom wovaTuSuri enis

zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi rTuli Tanwyobili winada-

debis qvesaxeebidan majgufebelkavSirians vxvdebiT yvelaze

ufro xSirad. majgufebeli `da~ kavSiris funqcias grZeli

xmovani e asrulebs, romelic winamavali winadadebis bolo

wevrs daerTvis momdevno winadadebasTan sintaqsuri kavSi-

ris gamosaxatavad.

sakavSirebeli funqciiT xmovani e daerTvis winamavali

winadadebis bolo sityvas da afiqsirebs mis mimarTebas mom-

devno winadadebasTan. Sdr.:

a) ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadeba.

1. vaSas Ùor leôbor, as kalTi bexkras `Zma vaSls krefda

73

da, me kalaTSi valagebdi.~

b)kavSiriani Tanwyobili winadadeba.

1. vaSas Ùor leôbor-ã, as kalTi bexkras5 `Zma vaSls

kdefda-da me kalaTaSi valagebdi.~

2. Ùor leôbor vaSas-ã, as kalTi bexkras `vaSls krefda

Zma-da me kalaTaSi valagebdi.~

3. vaSas leôbor Ùor-ã, as kalTi bexkras `Zma krefda

vaSls-da me kalaTaSi vyridi.~

Semasmenlis TurmeobiTis mwkrivis formaze darTuli

makavSirebeli xmovani e, rogorc wesi, fuZis SigniT gadai-

nacvlebs, e xmovnis winamavali xmovani ki maxviliandeba. am

SemTxvevaSi. am SemTxvevaSi iqmneba kavSiriani TurmeobiTis

specifikuri konstruqcia. magaliTad:

turev fxakal lacdinoer, bčarwav daôđ da×Ùnor

`turas kurdReli daeWira-da mgels waerTmivna.~

majgufebel kavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili winadade-

bis magaliTebi werilobiTi teqstebidan:

1. SilReCé SekiTxv÷ dro ×eõenã, so ukve daklevrđ Ta-

svaløsé `meore SekiTxvis droc movida-da me ukve sago-

nebelSi Cavvardi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 104)

2. bu×sì maspinZliv surf darJdin-è, Ĉmaõ gogixđ

xa×bJnor `RamiT maspinZlebs sufra gaeSalaT da yvelani

garSemo Semomsxdariyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 120)

5 TvalsaCinoebisaTvis makavSirebeli xmovani e magaliTebSi

sityvebidan gamovyaviT.

74

3. aTas cxraas Sauztyđ côa×n Sare buô bolbalin-å s÷ dad

salTexđ vik÷ `aTas cxraas ormocdaerT wels omi daiw-

yo-da mamaCemi omSi waiyvanes.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 69)

4. Ù÷ arev-darevad×alø cxovreb-ã, moZRor co vager fôeô

`mere air-dairia cxovreba da mRvdeli aRar iyo sofel-

Si.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 294)

5. oëÙì ×awiCé droô s÷ naneSé ×ar Telve gaTxovbad×ali-

no-ã, oÙu× meSveobiT moxvedrbadalø s÷ nan-dad alni, bac-

bilo `im mZime dros Cemi deida iyo TelavSi gaTxovili da

imis meSveobiT moxvda Cemi ded-mama alvanSi, wovebSi.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 69)

§15. macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba

rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semavali martivi Tu

Serwymuli winadadebebis SesaerTeblad wovaTuSur enaSi,

iseve rogorc qarTulSi, macalkevebeli kavSirebic funqci-

onirebs. ZiriTadad gvxvdeba: mawy – mawy `xan – xan~, leõeô –

leõeô `gind – gind~, Túd – Túd `Tund – Tund~. maTgan pirve-

li ori kavSiri sakuTriv wovaTuSuria, mesame ki nasesxebia

qarTulidan.

magaliTad:

1. Cu Toôvana×né fsarl-fsarlé mawy nanas fali defcor

sogé, mawy agas ×efcor sogé TiSø ambu× `RamRamobiT

dasaZineblad xan deda miambobda zRaprebs, xan bebia

miyveboda Zvel ambebs.~

75

2. leõeô as Rès ôar ma×Jdar baõö Txa qu×Tadã, leõeô Ùö aô

Rob donev `gind me waval dRes wisqvilSi mWadis

mosatanad fexiT, gind xval Sen wadi cxeniT.~

3. gød levnes gasxlad×ebđl vaø venaÙ, gød Ùenaõ laxaT is

saqm ÙeTinç `gind levanma gasxlas Cveni venaxi, gind sxva

vinme monaxeT mag saqmis mcodne.~

macalkevebeli kavSiris funqciiT wovaTuSurSi

gvxvdeba agreTve: ã – ã `-c – -c~, le – le àn – an~, le co – le

co àrc – arc~, le ma – le ma `nurc – nurc~.

`-c – -c~ kavSiris funqcias gameorebis SemTxvevaSi

igive e xmovani asrulebs, romelic Tanwyobil winadadebaSi

pirveli komponentis bolo sityvaSi erTjeradi dafiqsire-

bisas `da~ kavSiris funqcias asrulebda. Sdr.:

a) xmovani e `da~ kavSiris funqciiT:

as Ǥamdö vu×tas qaliqã levö muSebadö vu×tì `me

saswavleblad mivdivar TbilisSi-da levani samuSaod

midis.~

b) gameorebuli xmovani e `-c – -c~ kavSiris funqciiT:

asaä Ǥamdö vu×tas qaliqç, levnã Ǥamdö vu×tì `me-c sas-

wavleblad mivdivar TbilisSi, levani-c saswavleblad

midis.~

gvaqvs:

1. ilkoä, fstubádrđl÷

va, Sa×mlesaä cenex ×oõ×i÷ fstu ìliko-c

colSviliania, Samilma-c wels moiyvana coli.~

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2. le as Ros icx ambu×nmaq Tamaré ×agö, le Tamaré

×olal socø àn me waval mag ambavze Tamaris sanaxavad,

an Tamari movides CemTan.~

3. le as co ×oõ×os fstunaR marixé, le filpes co ×ewå

×ikö àrc me moviyvan marexs colad, arc filipem unda

waiyvanos.~

4. le aô sesxbadeb sù taTeb, le ôe vaSas qoíbebđl

qorTé àn Sen masesxe fuli, an Senma Zmam Seiwuxos Ta-

vi.~

rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli martivi

Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis dasakavSireblad xSir SemTxe-

vaSi sxva kavSirebTan erTad paralelurad `da~ kavSiric ix-

mareba.

magaliTad:

1. leõeô aô Rob Txa mødri Ùav dacanã, leõeô Ùö as qoíbos

qorTé `gind Sen wadi dRes mindorSi yanis samkalad-

da gind xval me Seviwuxeb Tavs.~

2. fsare mawy maTx bar alniôã, mawy yaré ×aTxer `guSin

xan mze iyo alvanSi-da xan wvimda.~

3. le eTres Toxđl qu×rwlex garmonã, le Ùenaõ laxaT

Toxö ÙeTinç àn eTerma daukras qorwilSi garmoni-da

an sxva naxeT dakvris mcodne.~

4. gød sù Cuqbadeb is tardã, gød se kawku×Cé ×aSen

disđl `gind me maCuqe eg beWedi-da gind Cems patara

das darCes.~

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aRniSnuli variantebi macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli

Tanwyobili winadadebisa SedarebiT naklebad gvxvdeba wova-

TuSurSi, ris gamoc ver mogvixerxda maTi damowmeba weri-

lobiTi wyaroebidan.

§16. mapirispirebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba

mapirispirebeli kavSirebidan rTuli Tanwyobili wina-

dadebis nawilebis SesaerTeblad wovaTuSurSi funqcioni-

rebs sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva saxiT qarTulidan nases-

xebi kavSirebi: mđ `magram~, `xolo~, `ki~.

CamoTvlilTagan aRniSnuli funqciiT yvelaze gavrce-

lebulia kavSirebi mđ da magram. isini erTi da imave qarTuli

`magram~ kavSiris sxvadasxva dros nasesxebi variantebia. pir-

veli maTgani – mđ – yvelaze adrea nasesxebi da Tanac zepiri

gziT, amitomaa, rom is sagrZnoblad saxeSecvlilia da dRem-

de yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvele-

baSi.

kavSiri mđ yovelTvis iwyebs Tanwyobili winadadebis

meore nawils da apirispirebs Sinaarsobrivad mas pirvel wi-

nadadebasTan. am dros Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawili

iseT ambavs gadmogvcems, romelic ar aris mosalodneli

pirveli nawilis mixedviT.

magaliTad:

1. maTxèr÷ de dar, mđ nčaõi zora×Sç fSel ×ar `mziani

dRe iyo, magram gareT Zalian cioda.~

78

2. niklzes dã-bu×sđ nifsdor, mđ oÙu× ojxex cèm

tyobalar `nikolozi dRe-Rames asworebda, magram imis

ojaxs araferi etyobida.~

3. ta×sç Jeré ×ar, mđ ×aóu×Cé Sromev bádri RaziS daÙdi÷

`taso qvrivi iyo, magram didi SromiT bavSvebi kargad

gazarda.~

4. Tiniké lawiS ×a, mđ skol co cdenad×o `Tiniko ava-

daa, magram skolas ar acdens.~

mđ kavSirs xSirad aZlierebs isev qarTulidan nasesxebi

nawilaki maøc. magaliTad:

1. yaré daô ×eôir, mđ ca×maq maTx maøc co gubaĉ÷ `wvimam

gadaiRo, magram caze mze mainc ar gamoCnda.~

2. winus duÙ Tegseg×i÷, mđ ôalé maøc co lamzar×omakø

`patarZali bevri pranWes, magram mainc ver gaalamazes.~

3. du× zora×Sç itdinaTx, mđ ôaTxreCèx maøc tyu×ô co

ôaTxmakø Txù `cxenebi bevri vaWeneT, magram winaurebs

maøc ver davewieT.~

mđ kavSiris magaliTebi werilobiTi wyaroebidan:

1. Cu Ǥedaxkinç fsti daTxeS ôalé Ùasda×lnor, mđ meôir

a×dgler÷ co daqeqad×a×lnor `msxdomare qalebi

tiriliT wamocveniliyvnen, magram mehiri adgilidan ar

daZruliyo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 144)

2. vorĉ deniô-bu×sđ levdor Txu×lđ ubedur nango,

Ù÷ mđ Sa×ronđ daô a×tnorã, Ùenã daô atdinor `Svidi

dRe-Rame hqonoda gamarTuli satirali ubedur dedas,

magram mere ki TviTonac gaCumebuliyo da sxvebic

79

gaeCumebina.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 145)

3. nast ×a×wgeras o ÙeCnair stakox, mđ o musikes

tyvevbad×orasé, gèn co ixmaker sù `ZlivsRa mivdevdi im

ucnaur kacs, magram is musika matyvevebda da gons ver

movdiodi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 178)

rogorc aRvniSneT, wovaTuSur-qarTuli orenovnebis

momdevno periodSi mđ Secvala ukve yovelgvari cvlilebis

gareSe Semotanilma magram kavSirma. gansakuTrebiT xelSesa-

xebad es faqti gacxadda werilobiT wyaroebSi:

magaliTad:

1. iha× qiqlú ambu× ×a, magram duÙ xö co ×a ×axené

iÙu×godolø `esec Zveli ambavia, magram didi dro ar

aris gasuli mas Semdeg.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)

2. zurben zora×Sç Znelbalar winus Cu ×iTar, magram

saWiré dar Jegé vaxar `zurabs Zalian eZneleboda

patarZlis datoveba, magram saWiro iyo, cxvars mTaSi

gahyoloda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)

3. bayeõ da, va× fsteiv garmonmaq Toxiné ćmaõ musik Raz÷

ixé, magram ôamaxeõ dakax Ùaõu×nç maøc `wiflu×nđ~ ×a `mar-

Talia, Cveni qalebisgan garmonze Sesrulebuli yvela

melodia kargi gamodis, magram yvelaze metad gulze

mosaxvedri mainc `wiflovanaa~. (miqelaZe 2011 – 236)

4. weltina×né obi alvinç ôalé daxkö Ùeqlar, mđ kostalđ

qor lacvi÷, o voôđ qor lacvi÷ `saaxalwlod isini al-

vanSi amosasvlelad emzadebodnen, magram kostalec da-

iWires, is biWic daiWires.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 289)

80

qarTuli enis mapirispirebeli kavSiri `xolo~ wovaTu-

SurSi xoloT saxiT ixmareba. is Cveulebriv iwyebs Tanwyobi-

li winadadebis meore nawils da apirispirebs pirvelTan, mag-

ram am dros iseTi donis dapirispireba aRar gvaqvs, rogoric

es mđ an magram kavSirebis SemTxvevaSi fiqsirdeba. es kavSiri

wovaTuSurSi naklebad gvxvdeba da ixmareba ZiriTadad sasa-

ubro metyvelebaSi.

magaliTad:

1. ninos wa Seglbadebđl, xoloT anas surf darJdebđl `ninom saxli daalagos, xolo anam sufra gaSalos.~

2. se ×aôov RaziS Ǥamodé skole, xoloT vaôov zora×Si

Ǥafal×osé `Cemi gogona kargad swavlobs skolaSi, xo-

lo biWi Zalian marcxvens.~

kavSiri xoloT xSirad Secvlili SinaarsiT, `oRond~

kavSiris funqciiT, gvxvdeba:

1. as is samq ôalé Tag×os, xoloT maôögè xaõiToT `me mag

saqmes gavakeTeb, oRond nuravis gaagebinebT.~

2. ilkos venaÙ ôalé laô×i÷ Txù, xoloT mixos qaniz

ôaWyrex uar aĉø `ilikom venaxi dagvikrifa, oRond

yurZnis gawurvaze mixom uari Tqva.~

mapirispirebel kavSirTagan wovaTuSurSi yvelaze

farTod gamoiyeneba nasesxebi kavSiri ki. isic rTuli Tan-

wyobili winadadebis meore nawilSi ixmareba, magram Cveu-

lebriv mosdevs im sityvas, romelzedac maxvildeba yurad-

Reba.

magaliTad:

81

1. as bazir Rès, aô ki bádrin deb dadol `me bazarSi wa-

val, Sen ki bavSvebs mouare.~

2. se ×aôov RaziS Ǥamodé, voô ki zora×Sç zarmacebala

`Cemi gogo kargad swavlobs, biWi ki Zalian zarmacobs.~

3. miqel Sarn vaxCedolø zora×Sç dadarbada×lnor

ojx÷ wevri, gansakuTrebiT ki marixé lev×or

atar×alinoã, daklevrđ ×axené `miqelis wasvlis mere

Zalian dadardianebuliyvnen ojaxis wevrebi,

gansakuTrebiT ki marexi yofiliyo gaCumebuli da fiq-

rSi wasuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 130)

§17. maigivebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba

uxucesi wovaTuSebis metyvelebaSi maigivebeli kavSi-

rebi saerTod ara gvaqvs. saTanado situaciaSi gamoiyenebo-

da gaigivebaze morgebuli gamoTqma: u×Stç da mã àisea rom;

ese igi.~

magaliTad:

1. aô is ×aóù saqm ÙeCox valbad×o, u×St da mã sox co

TeSã `Sen mag did saqmes sxvas avaleb, isea rom (e. i.) me

ar mendobi.~

2. ba×sles valux wa daô dexké, u×St da mã latu×nç

comenđ da `basili valSi saxls hyidis, isea rom (e. i.)

damxmare aravin hyavs.~

82

bolo dros, qarTul-wovaTuSuri zebilingvizmis pe-

riodSi, axalgazrda wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi yovelgvari

cvlilebis gareSe damkvidrda orive qarTuli maigivebeli

kavSiri: e. i. da anu.

gavigonebT, magaliTad:

1. aô bolo droô telefonmaq co pa×sxebadoge sù, e. i.

droôaõ vewes ôoxø yastö `Sen bolo dros telefonze

aRar mepasuxebi, e. i. unda drozeve CamogSorde.~

2. zora×Sç ×ané alzö ôalé ×aÙ×aliné, e. i. va×nç Ùö

laëmì co baxmakå doiv `Zalian yofila alazani adide-

buli, e. i. xval Cven mTaSi ver avalT cxenebiT.~

3. mTavrbas gadasaxadi oStiõ ôalo ×aÙ×i÷, anu naxø dard

coôögôã bagå `mTavrobam gadasaxadebi isev gazarda, anu

xalxis dardi aRaravis aqvs.~

§18. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba

rTuli winadadebebi, Tanwyobili Tu qvewyobili, ze-

pirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi ufro xSirad maTi Semadgene-

li martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis kavSiriani gadabmiT

gvxvdeba, radgan kavSiris SemTxvevaSi am nawilebis Sinaar-

sobrivi Tu funqciuri urTierTmimarTeba ufro TvalsaCi-

nod gamoixateba. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, imave weriTsa Tu

zepirmetyvelebaSi sakmaod xSiria maTive ukavSiro gadabmis

SemTxvevebic. aseT dros gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba in-

83

tonacias, zmnis droisa da kilos formebs, Sinaarsobriv ur-

TierTmimarTebas rTuli winadadebis nawilebs Soris.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba

imis Sesaxeb, rom ukavSiro SeerTeba ufro adrindelia, vid-

re kavSiriani (a. meie – 1938, 375). ivaraudeba, rom ganviTare-

bis adrindel safexurze rTulSi Semavali martivi winada-

debebi erTmaneTis miyolebiT, sagangebo sityvebiT dakavSi-

reba-gadabmis gareSe realizdeboda.

rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semavali martivi Tu

Serwymuli winadadebebi kavSiriT uerTdeba erTmaneTs an

ukavSirod, anu gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukavSiro Tanwyobili

winadadeba.

magaliTad:

1. o moČøW SariS darã, kawkù bakal ôoS rusudnecø

da×xnaTx oÙuõ fsarlu×nç `is saSineli wlebi iyo-da

imave saRamos rusudans vewvieT patara pur-mariliT.~


2. welti dar, Ĉmaõ Su× wenbèx qæfebalar `axali weli

iyo, yvela Tavis saxlSi qeifobda.~

dasaxelebuli ori Tanwyobili winadadebidan pirveli

kavSiriania, meore ki ukavSiro. roca rTul Tanwyobil wina-

dadebaSi orze meti martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebaa ga-

erTianebuli, SeiZleba kavSiriani SeerTebac gvqondes da

ukavSiroc.

magaliTad:

daòeCé sufremaq Ǥedaxker ôaSi, lamzur qorwil darã

84

Sarn daxö coôanna leõer `grZel sufrasTan isxdnen

stumrebi, lamazi qorwili iyo-da wasvla aravis undo-

da.~

ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba farTod aris

gavrcelebuli wovaTuSurSi. is gvxvdeba am enis rogorc ze-

pirmetyvelebaSi, ise werilobiT wyaroebSi; fiqsirdeba Tan-

wyobili winadadebis nawilebis ukavSiro gadabmis ramdenime

tipiuri SemTxveva. aseTi gadabma gvaqvs, roca Tanwyobili

winadadebis nawilebSi aRweraa an CamoTvla erTdrouli

movlenebisa, roca gamoxatulia movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba,

an maTive Sinaarsobrivi dapirispireba.

magaliTad:

I. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebSi

CamoTvlaa sxvadasxva ambisa an aRwera.

1. côaõõ cèm co danu×cç admi÷: maxv deõené foTol da-

nu×ca `ara ra yofila adamiani: qaris motanili foToli

yofila.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 225)

2. ćëmaõ daô atarda×lnor, iS coôanna ×aÙma×knor

a×rTe×C xane, bolomcø atiné ×isnor tatuû nan, miql÷

fstu – Tin àyvela gaCumebuliyo, xma veravis amoeRo

karga xans, bolomde Cumad darCeniliyo tatos deda, mi-

qelis coli – Tin.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 131)

ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadebis dasaxelebul magali-

TebSi aRwera-daxasiaTeba gvaqvs sxvadasxva movlenebisa. pir-

veli Tanwyobili orSemadgenliania, mesame ki sam martiv wi-

85

nadadebas aerTianebs ukavSirod. sagulisxmoa, rom ukavSiro

Tanwyobis orsave SemTxvevaSi vlindeba zogadi kanonzomie-

reba, ris Tanaxmadac erTi da imave TanwyobilSi Semaval mar-

tiv winadadebaTa Semasmenlebs drois, kilosa da mwkrivis

formebis zusti Tanxvedra axasiaTebs. Cveni magaliTebis yve-

la zmnas kilo TxrobiTi aqvT, mwkrivi ki TurmeobiTi. rac

Seexeba dros, pirveli Tanwyobilis zmna-Semasmenlebs dro

axlandeli aqvT, meore Tanwyobilis zmna-Semasmenlebs ki –

warsuli.

II. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebi

gamoxatavs movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobas.

magaliTad:

1. Sarn ×ax÷ stabè, Sarn daxe Ǥa, oí÷ lamzur doôđ

`wavida Semodgoma, wavida zamTari, dadga lamazi

gazafxuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 131)

2. se ×aóu×Cé ×aSas SurCox damTavrbad×i÷ skolđ, as ce-

xen mTavrbad×os, kawkxu×Cov Ùelé damTavrbad×o `Cemma

ufrosma dam SarSanwin daamTavra skola, me wels

vamTavreb, umcrosi gaisad daamTavrebs.~

orsave dasaxelebul ukavSiro rTul Tanwyobil wina-

dadebaSi movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobaa gadmocemuli. pirvel

magaliTSi es Tanamimdevroba zmnebSi drois erTi da imave

formiTaa gadmocemuli, radgan es monacvleoba erT droSi

(warsulSi) ganxorcielda. rac Seexeba meore ukavSiro Tan-

wyobil winadadebas, mis Semadgenel martiv winadadebaSi

zmnebis dro icvleba movlenaTa ganviTarebis drois cvli-

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lebsTan erTad, rac savsebiT kanonzomieria; erTmaneTs mos-

devs warsuli, awmyo da momavali. amave meore magaliTSi yu-

radRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom rTulis nawilebSi fun-

qcionirebadi saerTo sityva `skola~ mxolod pirvel martiv

winadadebaSi fiqsirdeba, momdevno winadadebaSi ki mxolod

igulisxmeba, rac agreTve rTuli winadadebis zogadi kanon-

zomierebaa.

III. Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebs Soris movlenaTa

dapirispirebaa gamoxatuli.

magaliTad:

1. Ĉmaõ ôalé Ùiínor surTen pativ ×iîö, côa taté vis-

nor a×dgle ôalé co ÙeíuS `yvela amdgariyo suraTis

pativsacemad, erTi tato darCeniliyo adgilze.~ (miqe-

laZe 2011 – 133)

2. o aôè vosur koxaxa,

asa ôal lelras tbaTina,

s÷ doka oÙux dowlara,

oÙuû dok tbaTin derwera

`is daeSveboda barisken,

me zeviT vivlidi tbaTanisken,

Cemi guli imas gahyveboda,

imisi guli tbaTanaSi dabrundeboda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

188)

damowmebuli ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebe-

bidan pirveli or martiv winadadebas Seicavs da maTSi gad-

mocemulia urTierTsapirispiro movlenebi. aseTi Sinaarsob-

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rivi dapirispirebis gamomxatveli Tanwyobili winadadeba

Cveulebriv ori martivi winadadebisgan Sedgeba, xolo roca

Tanwyobil winadadebaSi dapirispireba axali saxiT kidev me-

ordeba, meordeba dapirispirebis gamomxatvel winadadebaTa

axal wyvilSi, ris TvalsaCino magaliTsac iZleva meore da-

mowmebuli winadadeba.

dasaxelebuli rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebebidan meo-

re oTx martiv winadadebas Seicavs, romelTagan pirvel or

martivSi calke, damoukidebeli dapirispirebaa movlenebisa

gadmocemuli, meore wyvilSi ki, mesame da meoTxe winadade-

baSi, agreTve sxva, axali dapirispireba. es dapirispireba or-

save SemTxvevaSi imdenad mkveTria, rom orivegan SeiZleba Ca-

isvas romelime mapirispirebeli kavSiri. sagulisxmoa, rom

drois, kilosi da mwkrivis romloba yvela zmna-Semasmenel-

Tan erTmaneTs emTxveva.

ukavSiro Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semaval martivsa Tu

Serwymul winadadebebs sagangebo intonacia akavSirebs, ro-

melic am komponentebis sruli Sinaarsobrivi damoukideb-

lobis SemTxvevaSic ki maT mTlian, ganuyofel erTeulad

warmogvidgens. garda aRniSnulisa, intonacia rTuli wina-

dadebis nawilebis Sinaarsobriv urTierTmimarTebasac gamo-

xatavs.

magaliTad:

1. yarèl÷ de dar, Saremaq comenđ du×t-daRor `wvimiani

dRe iyo, quCaSi aravin mimodioda.~

2. xko dar, ×aóù sicx laíer, koxđx comenđ meyger

88

`zafxuli iyo, didi sicxe idga, barad aRaravin rCeboda.~

pirvel rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi pirveli martivi

winadadebis intonacia saTqmelis daumTavreblobasa da mom-

devno winadadebis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs, meore martivi

winadadebis bolos ki damTavrebulobis intonacia gvaqvs.

rac Seexeba meore magaliTs, aq daumTavreblobis intonacia

gvaqvs rogorc pirveli, ise meore martivi winadadebis bo-

los, damTavrebulobis intonacia ki mesame martivi winada-

debis bolosRaa.

Tu calke gamoyenebisas TiToeul am winadadebas saku-

Tar damTavrebulobaze mimaniSnebeli intonacia aqvs, amje-

rad is daumTavreblobaze mimaniSnebeli intonaciiT icvle-

ba, romelic mxolod rTuli winadadebis bolos iZleva mi-

niSnebas damTavrebulobaze.

garda intonaciisa, rTuli ukavSiro Tanwyobili winada-

debis nawilebis azrobrivi mimarTebis gamoxatvaSi didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba zmnis droisa da kilos formebs. sagu-

lisxmoa am mxriv is garemoeba, rom Cvens mier aqamde magali-

Tebad dasaxelebuli yoveli rTuli ukavSiro Tanwyobili

winadadebis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali winadadebebis zmnebs

erTi da imeve droisa da kilos formebi aqvT.

ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebis azrobrivi

mimarTebis gamoxatvaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba iseTi sit-

yvebis gamoyenebas, romlebic rTulis komponentebs Soris

arsebul Sinaarsobriv mimarTulebas ufro TvalsaCinod ga-

moxataven. damaxasiaTebelia iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac

89

rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis Semadgenel martivsa Tu

Serwymul winadadebebs saerTo aqvT romelime sitva, erTi

da imave an sxvadasxva wevris funqciiT gamoyenebuli.

magaliTad:

1. maíax ×ager ×aëg×isené e va× qoqrđ kostl÷ Tamaroã,

wye ×aganđ va×xnas `loginadRa iyo STenili am Cveni qoqo-

rianT kostales Tamara da erTxel sanaxavad mivedi.~ (mi-

qelaZe

2011 – 47)

mocemul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi saerTo sityvaa Ta-

maré `Tamari~, romelic dasaxelebulia pirvel nawilSi da

asrulebs qvemdebaris rols, meore nawilSi is igulisxmeba

da gaiazreba ubralo damatebad.

2. aTx Txaø Ùaî-maĉu×n dđ×xraTx o Stolmaqã, rusudnes

mđ Sarinđ deõ÷ `Cven Cveni sasmel-saWmeli amoviReT im ma-

gidaze da rusudanma ki Tavisi moitana.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

53)

saerTo sityva meore magaliTSi aris Ùaî-maĉu×nç `sas-

mel-saWmeli~. is dasaxelebulia rTuli winadadebis pirvel

nawilSi, meoreSi ki igulisxmeba. saerTo sityva orivegan

pirdapiri damatebis rols asrulebs.

saerTo sityva SeiZleba meordebodes kidec rTulis na-

wilebSi, magaliTad:

so ojx÷ vaóux vasé, as bewes qorTé lawbö, as ×ewes e saqm

Tag×ö `me ojaxis ufrosi var, me unda Seviwuxo Tavi, me

unda gavakeTo es saqme.~

90

ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis magaliTebi

wovaTuSuri enis werilobiTi wyaroebidan:

1. côa zora×Sç lamzur ×oô lev×or za×rzenigo, Tamaré

weralé `erTi Zalian lamazi gogo hyolodaT zariZeebs,

Tamari rqmeoda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)

2. Sarn ×ax÷ stabè, Sarn daxe Ǥa, oí÷ lamzur doôđ

`wavida Semodgoma, wavida zamTari, dadga lamazi

gazafxuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)

3. Txđ tyoõ dok epwé s÷ osævô. mSvidaT, TivuS lamnigé co

ôeWmakå sù `dResac kidev guli mimiwevs iqiT. mSvidad,

mosvenebiT mTebs ver vuyureb.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)

4. se bádrole e ambu× zora×Sç ×aĉené ×ar alni, duÙCov

×efcölaTer tyoõđ-tyoõđ `Cems bavSvobaSi es ambavi Zali-

an iyo gavrcelebuli alvanSi, bevri yveboda kidev da ki-

dev.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 158)

5. oÙuû iSaä, daSniaä Txđ tyoõ larkđx laí sù, zarsa wa×nç

iS ×ar o dalocvilego `imisi xma da sityvebi dResac ki-

dev yurebSi midgas, zariviT wkriala xma hqonda im dalocvils.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 179)

91

Tavi III.

rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sintaqsi

§19. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis genezisisa da

struqturis sakiTxebi arc erT mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enas, garda wovaTuSu-

risa, rTuli qvewyobili winadeba ar gaaCnia. wovaTuSurSi is

Camoyalibda qarTuli enis intensiuri, xangrZlivi zegavle-

niT.

sagulisxmoa, rom, ramdenadac rTulad xorcildeba

enebSi morfologiuri interferencia (siaxlis Tavisi sawyi-

si, gardamavali da saboloo damkvidrebis xangrZlivi perio-

debiT), imdenad ufro swrafia da bolomde gamWoli sintaq-

suri interferencia, roca is winadadebaTa SekavSirebisa da

maTive wevrTa funqciuri datvirTvis sakiTxebs exeba. dRes

wovaTuSurSi, romlis morfologiac, miuxedavad qarTuli

enis mravalsaukunovani aqtiuri zegavlenisa, jer isev Ta-

visTavadia da mkveTrad gansxvavebuli qarTulis morfolo-

giisagan, winadadebaTa agebisa da misive wevrTa funqciuri

datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT TiTqmis sruli paralelizmi

gvaqvs am ukanasknelTan.

prof. i. deSerievi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoeba-

ze, rom dResdReobiT arc erT sxva mTis iberiul-kavkasiur

enaSi rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba araa Camoyalibebuli,

maSin roca wovaTuSurSi is ukve rafinirebuli saxiT

92

gvxvdeba; am rigis winadadeba aklia TviT wovaTuSuris uax-

loesad monaTesave CeCnursa da inguSursac ki.

Tanamedrove wovaTuSur enaSi arsebul viTarebas mkvle-

vari qarTuli enis xangrZlivi da intensiuri gavleniT xsnis:

`Эта особенность отличает бацбийский язык от горских

иберийско-кавказских языков, а также от востоко-вейнахского и западновейнахских языков. Сложноподчиненное предложение, которое строится при помощи относительных союзов и относительных слов, развилось в бацбийском языке под влиянием грузинского языка. Однако, относительные союзы и относительные слова возникли из исконно бацбийского языкового материала~ (Дешериев 1953 – 221).

zogadi lingvistikis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa is ga-

remoeba, rom wyaro enidan wovaTuSurSi zedmiwevniT zus-

tad aris gadmotanili mravalferovani sqema rTuli qvewyo-

bili winadadebis agebisa, misaTiTebeli sityvebi da sxva maq-

vemdebarebeli saSualebebi ki Seqmnilia sakuTari leqsikuri

inventaris bazaze isev qarTuli enis saTanado modelis mi-

xedviT. ar moipoveba qarTuli enis winadadebaTa daqvemdeba-

rebisa da gansxvavebul Sinaarsobriv mimarTebaTa gamoxatvis

uCveulod mdidar sitemaSi raime konkretuli modeli, rom-

lis zedmiwevniT morgebul aslsac wovaTuSurSi ver vna-

xavT. naTqvams zedmiwevniT daadasturebs qvemoT Cvens mier

zepiri metyvelebidan Tu werilobiTi wyaroebidan ilus-

trirebuli masala.

rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba mTavari da damokidebuli

winadadebebisgan Sedgeba. mTavari damoukidebeli, wamyvani

winadadebaa, damokidebuli ki – daqvemdebarebuli. erTi wi-

93

nadadebis meorisadmi daqvemdebareba sxvadasxva sintaqsuri

saSualebiT xorcieldeba.

daqvemdebarebis ZiriTad saSualebas Tanamedrove wova-

TuSurSi maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi da mimarTebiTi sityve-

bi warmoadgens. maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi wovaTuSurs

TiTqmis yvela nasesxebi aqvs qarTulidan. aseTia:

mđ `magram~, magram, raki, xoloT.

am rigis kavSirebidan am enas sakuTari aqvs mxolod erTi

-mã `rom~.

magaliTad:

1. molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù, mã ×a×ln×otu×n

oStiõ Ǥef-weíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa

qalisa, rom momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 110)

2. cèm da×ĉnor lekin, raki bacbđ vaserv ToôSã co

dastralé maqr÷ gerw `araferi gamosvliaT lekebs, ra-

ki TuSi kacebi ZilSic ar ixsnidnen Turme iaraRs.~ (miqe-

laZe 2011 – 109)

mimarTebiTi sityvebis rols wovaTuSurSic mimarTebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi asrulebs. mimar-

TebiTi nacvalsaxelebis rols saTanadod gaformebuli kiT-

xviTi nacvalsaxelebi m÷? `vin?~, Ĉx? `ra?~, menux? `romeli?~,

maclú? `rodindeli?~, molú `rogori?~... asruleben, mimar-

TebiTi zmnizedebis rols ki – aseve sagangeben gaformebuli

kiTxviTi zmnizedebi. aseTi sayrdeni kiTxviTi zmnizedebia:

macö? `rodis?~, macödolø? `rodidan?~, maclomcø? `rodem-

94

de?~, moô? `rogor?~, miCe? `sad?~, miCrenđ? `saidan?~, miCemcø?

`sadamde?~, Ĉxa×né? `ratom?~, stenna×né? `risTvis?~, sten-

ndaîđ? `risǩiǪ gulisTvis?~.

rogorc aRvniSneT, gvaqvs CamoTvlili kiTxviTi nacval-

saxelebisa da kiTxviTi zmnizedebisagan nawarmoebi mimarTe-

biTi nacvalsaxelebi da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi.

aseTi mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebia:

menđ `vinc~, Ĉxđ `rac~, menuxđ `romelic~, molunđ `rogo-

ric~, maclunđ `rodindelic~, meĉđ / meĉã `ramdenic~… mi-

marTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi Cveulebriv sxvadasxva brunvisa da

ricxvis formiT fiqsirdeba damokidebul winadadebaSi.

magaliTad:

1. ćëmaõ daxk÷ se ×a×ô qu×rwlex, menđ daric Txogo ôaSeR

dexiné `yvela movida Cemi gogos qorwilSi, vi*nc gvyavda

dapatiJebuli.~

2. obi mowyobadalø se klasr÷ umaRlisi, menxu×Cu×Svđ

RaziS Ǥamdor `isini moewyvnen Cemi klasidan umaRles

saswavlebelSi, romlebic kargad swavlobdnen.~

gvxvdeba Semdegi mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi:

macnã `rodesac~, macödolinđ `rodidanac~, maclomcinđ

`rodemdec~, moôã `rogorc~, miCeôđ / miCôã `sadac~, miCemcinđ

`sadamdec~, miCrenaôè `saidanac~, miCemcinđ `sadamdec~,

Ĉxa×nè `ratomac~, stenna×nè `risTvisac~, stenndaîaôè

`risǩiǪ gulisTvisac~.

1. sworeT eôaT stabè lev×or, macnã za×rzenin da×qrđ

zurbes ôaWdiené marWkel oínor sögé `swored maSin

95

Semodgoma yofiliyo, roca zariZeebs abaSiZe zurabis

gagzavnili maWankali misdgomodaT kars.~ (miqelaZe 2011

– 107)

sagulisxmoa, rom mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebisa da mi-

marTebiTi zmnizedebis warmoebis swored iseTi gza fiqsir-

deba wovaTuSurSi, rac ganviTarebis saTanado safexurze

qarTulma gaiara. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia,

rom qarTuli enis kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebisa da zmnizedebis

mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebad da mimarTebiT zmnizedebad

`gardaqmnas Tavisi istoria aqvs. aseTi evolucia mimarTebi-

Ti sityvebis kiTxviT (resp. CvenebiT) nacvalsaxelTagan

mkveTr gamoyofasa da maT mier sakuTari sintaqsuri funqci-

ebis gamomuSavebas gulisxmobs. ukve didi xania, cnobilia is

faqti, rom mimarTebiTi sityvebi kiTxviTi (resp. CvenebiTi)

nacvalsaxelebisagan warmoiSva~ (dondua 1949 – 203).

rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli martivi Tu

Serwymuli winadadebebis Sinaarsobrivi da formaluri mi-

marTebis ganmtkicebis TvalsazrisiT, garkveul rols asru-

lebs mTavar winadadebaSi warmodgenili iseTi sityva, rome-

lic damokidebul winadadebas gvavaraudebinebs. aseTi sit-

yvebis rols CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi da zmnizedebi asrle-

ben; maTs zogad mniSvnelobas ganmartavs da akonkretebs da-

mokidebuli winadadeba. es sakorelacio sityvebi ama Tu im

wevris rols asruleben mTavarSi.

sakorelacio funqciiT wovaTuSuri enis qvewyobil wi-

nadadebaSi gvxvdeba Semdegi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: i / e

96

ès~, is èg~, iStú / haStú àseTi~, oStú ìseTi~, iÙumfl÷ /

eÙumfl÷ àmdeni~, oÙumfl÷ ìmdeni~…

magaliTad:

1. oStú niWier vanor taté, mã ôamivaõ gadawyvetadi-

nor o Ǥamda sazRvargareT ôaWvar ìseTi niWieri yofi-

liyo

tato, rom yvelas gadaewyvita misi saswavleblad

sazRvargareT gagzavna.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)

sakorelacio funqcias asruleben agreTve Semdegi Cve-

nebiTi zmnizedebi:

osi ìq~, ise / ese àq~, isi `mand~, iSt àse~, u×St ìse~,

uÙna×raT ìseTnairad~, eôaT `maSin~…

magaliTad:

1. Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×SǩtǪç zora×Sç dak ôa×Wnor, mã moCvenbi

damarTbad×a×lnor `mere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian

damwuxrebuliyo, rom Cvenebebi damarTvoda.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 52)

sakorelacio sityvebi mTavariw winadadebis romelime

wevris rols asruleben yovelTvis. damowmebul bolo or

magaliTSi sityva oStú ìseTi~ asrulebs gansazRvrebis

rols, xolo u×SǩtǪç ìse, iseTnairad~ viTarebis garemoebaa.

sakorelacio anu misaTiTebeli sityvebi umetes Sem-

TxvevaSi iwyeben mTavar winadadebas, magram zogjer Sua an

bolo poziciasac ikaveben. Sdr.:

97

1. o xö-Jam lev×or, macnã rusudnes ôaloW ×ogral ambu×

va×ReS ìs dro-Jami yofila, roca rusudani lamis lapa-

rakobda ukve Cveneburad.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 54)

2. marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar, bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or

`Zalian kargoba swored maSin iyo, rodesac wovaTuSebi

wovaTuSurad laparakobdnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 194)

3. s÷ báder co moqcevala u×SǩtǪç, mã Sarø ojax Ǥafal×lé

`Cemi Svili ar moiqceva ise, rom Tavisi ojaxi

Searcxvinos.~

damokidebuli winadadeba ufro xSirad mosdevs mTa-

vars, magram gvxvdeba agreTve mTavaris winac da SuaSic.

magaliTad:

1. sogé lark ǤefniSi menđ da×Sì, Ĉmaõ da×Sì sox saëbì

xawina `Cemi yurismgeblebi vinc xarT, yvelani Cemze ǩuf-

roǪ naswavlebi xarT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 211)

2. laraõ osi miCax bčark Ùaõbinas, mã xiv Ĉnax lestodé

ùceb iq sadRac Tvali movkari, rom wyali raRacas

aqanavebda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 157)

3. wye, macnã taté opere levvor, scenenmaq nikloz÷

suraT ×eõnor èrTxel, roca tato operaSi yofiliyo,

scenaze nikolozis suraTi SemoetanaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

133)

qvewyobili winadadebis dasaxelebuli sami magaliTidan

damokidebul winadadebas pirvelSi mTavris wina pozicia

ukavia, meoreSi – mTavaris momdevno, mesameSi ki mTavaris Su-

aSia moqceuli.

98

wovaTuSur enaSi gvaqvs imdenive da imave saxis qvewyobi-

li winadadeba, ramdeni da ra saxis qvewyobili wiandadebac

qarTulSi fiqsirdeba, kerZod: qvemdebaruli damokidebuli

winadadeba, damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, garemoe-

biTi damokidebuli winadadeba, gansazRvrebiTi damokidebu-

li winadadeba, Semasmenluri damokidebuli wiandadeba, Se-

degobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, pirobiTi damokidebu-

li winadadeba da daTmobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

damokidebul winadadebaTa umetesoba ama Tu im kiTxvaze

mogvigebs. kiTxvaSi Sedis mTeli mTavari winadadeba, pasuxs

ki damokidebuli winadadeba iZleva. damokidebuli winada-

deba imave kiTxvaze pasuxobs, razec misi Sesabamisi wevri

mTavarSi, kerZod: qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba

qvemdebaris kiTxvaze pasuxobs, garemoebiTi damokidebuli

garemoebis kiTxvaze da a. S. magaliTad:

1. oStú lamzur lev×or winus, mã ćëmaõ oÙu×gé

ôifsralé `iseTi lamazi yofiliyo patarZali, rom yvela

mas uyurebda Turme.~

2. u×sç daxnor nax vaSbar, miCôã kreb ×aric daniSnod×iené

`iq Sekrebiliyo xalxi, sadac kreba iyo daniSnuli.~

damowmebuli magaliTebidan pirveli qvewyobili winada-

debis mTavars daesmis kiTxva:

molú lamzur ×ar Tamaré? àrogori (ranairi?) lamazi

iyo Tamari?~

pasuxia: oStú àiseTi.~

àmagram saxeldobr rogori?~

99

pasuxi: mã ćëmaõ oÙu×gé ôifsralé àrom yvela mas uyu-

rebda Turme.~

damokidebuli winadadeba xsnis mTavarSi CvenebiTi nac-

valsaxeliT gadmocemul gansazRvrebas da kiTxvac gansaz-

Rvrebisa daesmis. aRniSnuli viTarebis gamo es damokidebu-

li winadadeba gansazRvrebiTia.

gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs meore qvewyobil winada-

debaSi. aq mTavars daesmis kiTxva:

miC daxnor nax? àsad Sekrebiliyo xalxi?~

pasuxia: u×s `iq~.

àiq, magram saxeldobr sad?~

pasuxi: miCôã kreb ×aric daniSnod×ené àsadac kreba iyo

daniSnuli.~

damokidebuli winadadeba xsnis mTavarSi zmnizediT gad-

mocemul viTarebis garemoebas da kiTxvasac viTarebis gare-

moebisas daisvams. es niSnavs, rom mocemuli damokidebuli

winadadeba viTarebis garemoebiTia.

§20. qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba

qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs qvem-

debaris rols mTavari winadadebis SemasmenelTan, an konkre-

tuli SinaarsiT avsebs mTavar winadadebaSi nacvalsaxeliT

gadmocemuli qvemdebaris zogad mniSvnelobas. magaliTad,

ganvixiloT winadadeba:

100

bacbilo zora×Sç daóù Ǥef dar, mã dadas báder le a×rkç

xaõdoraloã, le ôalé ecralé `wovaTuSebSi didi sircxvili

iyo, rom mamas Svili an kalTaSi Caesva, an kidev xelSi aeyvana.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 201)

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria – bacbilo

zora×Sç daóù Ǥef levdor àTuSebSi Zalian didi sircxvili

yofiliyo.~ mis Semasmenels Ǥef levdor àsircxvili yofi-

liyo~ qvemdebare aklia. mocemul SemTxvevaSi qvemdebaris

rols damokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs. is pasuxobs kiT-

xvaze:

Ĉx dar Ǥef? àra iyo sircxvili?~

pasuxi: dadas báder le a×rkç xaõdoraloã, le ôlé ec-

ralé àmamas Svili kalTaSi Caesva-da an xelSi aeyvana.~

yovelive zemoTqmulis mixedviT cxaddeba, rom mocemu-

li damokidebuli winadadeba qvemdebarulia.

rogorc zeviT gvaqvs aRniSnuli, damokidebuli winada-

debis kvalifikaciis sakiTxSi gansakuTr ebul rols asru-

lebs mTavarSi warmodgenili sakorelacio sityva. mocemu-

li TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT Semdegi winadadeba:

Txabus seCu ôaSeR co veõ÷ o, menã ôamaxeõ zora×Sç stexras

àwuxel CemTan stumrad ar movida is, visac yvelze metad

velodi.~

amjerad mTavari winadadebaa Txabus seCu ôaSeR co veõ÷ o

àwuxel CemTan stumrad ar movida is.~

mocemul mTavarSi sakorelacio sityvaa o àis~, rome-

lic qvemdebaris rols asrulebs. damokidebuli winadadeba

101

xsnis mTavarSi nacvalsaxeliT gadmocemuli qvemdebaris zo-

gad mniSvnelobas. aRniSnulis mixedviT irkveva, rom mocemu-

li damokidebuli winadadeba qvemdebarulia.

qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba umetes Sem-

TxvevaSi mosdevs an uswrebs mTavars. orsave zemoT ganxi-

lul rTul winadadebaSi qvemdebaruli damokidebuli mos-

devs mTavars. rogorc aRvniSneT, xSirad is uswrebs kidec

mTavars.

magaliTad:

1. se ma×rvaS÷ we mã we, o stak var saqmunmaq ise `Cemi mazlis

saxeli rom hqvia, is kaci iyo saqmeze aq.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –

201)

2. menã somfl÷ da, o gajibrbalibđl sox leTCo `vinc Cemi

tolia, is gamejibros WidaobaSi.~

qvemdebaruli damokidebuli mTavari winadadebis SuaSi

naklebad gvxvdeba, magram mainc gvaqvs amis SemTxvevebi.

magaliTad:

1. o, mã admenev Sarø báder daqebadolù, Txa tyoõ naxef da

bacbilo `is, rom adamianma Tavisi Svili aqos, dRes kidev

sircxvilia TuSebSi.~

2. oÙus, ôanã i ambu× ×eõ÷ Sú, axdi÷Sì `man, vinc es ambavi

mogitanaT, mogatyuaT.~

qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba upasuxebs qvem-

debaris kiTxvebze: m÷? `vin?~ (sax. br.), ôö? `vin?~ (moTx. br.), Ĉx? `ra?~ (sax. br.), stev? `ram?~. nacvalsaxeli, romlis gan-

martebasac damokidebuli winadadeba iZleva, dgas qvemdeba-

102

ris erT-erT brunvaSi: saxelobiTsa an moTxrobiTSi. misi

brunvis sakiTxi wydeba masTan Sewyobili zmnis gardamavlo-

ba-gardauvlobis mixedviT. zmnis gardauvlobis SemTxvevaSi

mocemuli TvalsazrisiT angariSi eweva mis gvarsac da piris

romlobasac.

qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebis korelatebad

mTavarSi gamoiyeneba CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e ès~, o ìs~,

is èg~ da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli ćëmaõ `yvela, yve-

laferi~ saxelobiTsa an moTxrobiT brunvaSi, mxolobiTsa an

mravlobiT ricxvSi:

a) zmna gardauvalia, korelati-nacvalsaxeli saxelo-

biTSi dgas:

o, menã a×Sç lexu×Sç, Cuô co va ìs, visac Tqven eZebT,

saxlSi ar aris.~

b) zmna gardamavalia, korelati-nacvalsaxeli moTxro-

biTSia:

oÙus, ôanã i moÙ daweradbi÷, ×aóù saqm Tag×i÷ ìman, vinc

es leqsi dawera, didi saqme gaakeTa.~

misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli umetes SemTxvevaSi warmod-

genilia mTavarSi, magram zogjer is gamotovebulicaa da

martivad SeiZleba aRvadginoT, radgan advilad igulisxme-

ba. variantebi advilad enacvleba erTmaneTs. Sdr.:

a) ukorelato varianti:

ôanã alu×nđ daplanod×ar÷ gegm Sedgenad×i÷, ×aóù saqm

Tag×i÷ `vinc alvnis gaplanianebis gegma Seadgina, didi

saqme gaakeTa.~

103

b) korelatiani varianti:

ôanã alu×nđ daplanod×ar÷ gegm Sedgenad×i÷, oÙus ×aóù

saqm Tag×i÷ `vinc alvnis gaplanianebis gegma Seadgina,

iman didi saqme gaakeTa.~

misaTiTebeli sityvis gamotoveba gamoricxulia mxo-

lod maSin, roca is gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeliTaa gadmo-

cemuli. magaliTad:

ćëmaõ ôalé asrulbadalø sù, Ĉnã danatrodinas

`yvelaferi amisrulda, rac vinatre.~

qvemdebarul damokidebul winadadebas mTavarTan aer-

Tebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTebiTi nac-

valsaxelebi menđ / menã `vinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~, menuxđ `rome-

lic~ – saTanado brunvisa da ricxvis formiT. maTgan kavSiri

menđ / menã `vinc~ ixmareba mxolod maSin, roca mTavris qve-

medbared adamiani igulisxmeba, yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi ki

funqcionirebs kavSiri Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac.~

magaliTad:

1. daô co dicla sù, aô mã so, axmitr÷ vaRu×n, alznelo

vđòrex visva×Ùra `ar maviwydeba, Sen rom me, axmetidan

momavali, alazanSi daxrCobas gadamarCine.~

– Ĉx co dicla sù? `ra ar maviwydeba?~

2. Cuô o bčarvax÷ sù, menã co stexras `saxlSi is damxvda,

visac ar velodebodi.~

– m÷ bčardax÷ sù Cuô? `vin damxvda saxlSi?~

3. oÙus owdebđl tot, ôanã iÙ saqmlo sù lecé fe `iman

aswios xeli, vinc am saqmeSi me miWers mxars.~

104

– ôö owdebđl tot? `vin aswios xeli?~

4. RaziS tyobala is vaôox, moluCé nanas va gaÙviené

`kargad etyoba mag biWs, rogori-c dedis gazrdilia.~

– Ĉx tyobala is vaôox RaziS? `ra etyoba mag biWs

kargad?~

§21. damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

damatebiTia damokidebukli winadadeba, romelic asru-

lebs ama Tu im saxis damatebis funqcias mTavarTan mimarTe-

biT, an xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT

gadmocemuli damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas. wovaTuSur

enaSi imdenive saxis damateba gvaqvs, ramdenic qarTul enaSi

funqcionirebs, kerZod: pirdapiri damateba, iribi damateba

da ubralo damateba. Sesabamisad, damokidebuli winadade-

bac imdenive saxisaa, gvaqvs: pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebu-

li winadadeba, iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da

ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

I. pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba pirdapirdamatebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, rome-

lic asrulebs pirdapiri damatebis rols mTavari winadade-

bis SemasmenelTan, an xsnis mTavar winadadebaSi nacvalsaxe-

liT gamoxatuli pirdapiri damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

105

pirdapiri damateba wovaTuSurSi zmnis pirTan Sewyobi-

li saxelia, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, im gansxvavebiT, rom

klasniSniT gamoixateba da ara pirisniSniT. gansxvaveba gvaqvs

im mxrivac, rom qarTulSi pirdapiri damateba brunvacvale-

badia, wovaTuSuris zmnasTan ki igi mudmivad, nebismieri

mwkrivisa Tu seriis formasTan, saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas. am

tipis damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba maSinaa SesaZle-

beli, roca mTavari winadadebis Semasmeneli gardamavali

zmniTaa gadmocemuli.

magaliTad:

nikos knaTilor÷ qu×rwlex daCok obi bæxnor, menã oÙu×n

fex babwer `nikos biWebidan qorwilSi marto isini dae-

patiJna, visac is axlos icnobda.~

mocemuli winadadeba rTuli qvewyobilia, sadac mTava-

ria nikos qu×rwlex knaTilor÷ daCok obi bixnor ànikos biWe-

bidan qorwilSi marto isini daepatiJna.~ damokidebuli ki

aris menã oÙu×n fex babwer àvisac is axlos icnobda.~ moce-

mul mTavar winadadebaSi sakorelacio sityvaa obi àisini~;

Semasmeneli bæxnor àdaepatiJna~ gardmavalia da masSi war-

modgenilia sakorelacio sityvis – pirdapiri damatebis –

mravlobiTobis klasniSani TavsarTi b-. mTavar winadadebas

daesmis kiTxva: knaTilor÷ qu×rwlex meniS bixnor nikos? àbi-

Webidan qorwilSi vin daepatiJna nikos?~

yvela niSnis mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winada-

deba pirdapirdamatebiTia, is xsnis mTavarSi nacvalsaxeliT

gadmocemuli pirdapiri damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

106

pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis misaTi-

Tebeli sityvebis rols mTavarSi asrulebs swored igive

CvenebiTi da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, rac gvqonda

qvemdebaruli damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi.

esenia: e ès~, is èg~, o ìs~, ebi / ebe èseni~, ifsi ègeni~,

obi ìsini~, Ĉmaõ `yvela~, daniõ `yvelaferi.~

gansxvavebas maT Soris mocemul SemTxvevaSi qmnis is ga-

remoeba, rom zmnis gardamavloba-gardauvlobis mixedviT

qvemdebaris rolSi isini moTxrobiTsa, an saxelobiT brunva-

Si gvxvdeba, pirdapiri damatebis SemTxvevaSi ki mxolod gar-

damaval zmnebTan da mxolod saxelobiTi brunvis formiT

funqcionireben.

pirdapirdamatebiTi saxis damokidebul winadadebas

mTavarTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã àrom~ da mi-

marTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: menđ / menã àvinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã àrac~.

magaliTad:

1. coôanã deõ÷ sù saCuqreR o, vunã zora×Si stexras – kuø

vardi àravin momitana saCuqrad is, rasac Zalian

velodebodi – TeTri vardebi.~

2. daô dicdinas Ĉmaõ, ôangè sikeTå co ×ago×makø sù

`daviviwye yvela, visac sikeTe ver davanaxe.~

3. fôeô ôamivaõ o dexor mTavrbax, mã setyvas ×eõené zaral

anazRaërebad×oralé `sofelSi yvela imas sTxovda

mTavrobas, rom setyvis moyenebuli zarali aenazRaure

bina.~

107

sagulisxmoa, rom pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli

winadadebis misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli mTavarSi xSirad

aris gamotovebuli da is advilad igulisxmeba im SemTxveva-

Si, roca is araa gansazRvrebiTi ćëmaõ `yvela~, an daniõ

`yvelaferi, yovelive~ nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatuli.

magaliTad:

1. Txalomcø defcé alni, moô vaôir osi alznev Cu

×čog×aløCé ôeïkikel Tasvaliné bRujrö mixel `dRemde

yvebian alvanSi, alazanma rogor Caitana Catexili zvavis

qveS Cavardnili bRujoanT mixeili.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 238)

2. e melodia zora×S dakox Ùaõu×nç ×aã, dakÙelé ôaminaõ,

mã bednierebđ, ubidrobđ ôaminaõ qu×rTmaq ×a `es melodia

Zalian gulze mosaxvedria, STaagonebs yvelas, rom

bednierebac da ubedurebac yvelas Tavsaa.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 240)

3. ÙeCnair ambu× Tag×alø Ù÷. daklavrđ, xaw÷ baían nanā

qoíxola×né `sxvanairi ambavi moxda mere. ifiqrebdi,

gaigona mTvarem dedebis wuxilio.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 167)

pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis pozicia

mTavaris mimarT sxvadasxvanairia, ufro xSirad is mosdevs

mTavars, magram gvxvdeba mTavaris wina poziciaSic da SuaSic.

Sdr.:

1. co ǤefxeTeS ćëmaõ daô dicdi÷ a×nkos, vunã Txalomcø

as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas `usircxvilod yvelaferi dai-

viwya

anikom, rac dRemde me mas kargi gavukeTe.~

108

2. vunã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas, co ǤefxeTeS

ćëmaõ daô dicdi÷ a×nkos `rac dRemde me mas kargi

gavukeTe, usircxvilod yvelaferi daiviwya anikom.~

3. ćëmaõ, Ĉnã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas, co

ǤefxeTeS daô dicdi÷ a×nkos `yvelaferi, rac dRemde me

mas kargi gavukeTe, usircxvilod daiviwya anikom.~

mocemul magaliTebSi pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebu-

li winadadebaa: vunã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas àrac

dRemde me mas kargi gavukeTe~; pirvel SemTxvevaSi mas mTav-

ris momdevno pozicia ukavia, meoregan is mTavris wina dgas,

mesame magaliTSi ki is mTavris SuaSia moqceuli. rogorc

aRvniSneT, rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavrisa da pirda-

pirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis ganlagebis samive

varianti fiqsirdeba wovaTuSurSi metnaklebi sixSiriT.

II. iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

mocemul sakiTxSi wovaTuSuri enis viTareba Tavisebu-

ria im mxriv, rom tradiciulad aq iribi damateba zmnaSi ara

fiqsirdeboda raime formantiT. Tu qvemdebare da pirdapiri

damateba klasniSnian zmnebSi yovelTvis gamoixateboda

klasniSniT, iribi damateba mudmivad gamouxatavi rCeboda.

metyvelebis procesSi mas gamoarCevda saxelis uTandebulo

brunvis-micemiTis gansakuTrebuli formebi. es formebi ic-

vleba zmnis Sinaarsobrivi niuansebis Sesabamisad, ris safuZ-

velzec wovaTuSurSi oTxi saxis micemiTi brunvaa gamoyofi-

109

li saTanado formantebiT. es brunvebia: micemiTi I (mawarmo-

ebeli formantia sufiqsi -n), micemiTi II (sufiqsi -go), mice-

miTi III (sufiqsi -gé), micemiTi IV (sufiqsi -x).

rogorc aRvniSneT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brun-

vis mravalsaxeobas iwvevs saxelTan Sewyobili zmnis gansxva-

vebuli Sinaarsobrivi niuansebi. magaliTad, Tu zmna masTan

Sewyobili saxeliT aRniSnuli sagnebis sasargeblo moqme-

debas gamoxatavs, saxeli nariani micemiTis formiT Seewyoba

mas, xolo roca am TvalsazrisiT viTardeba sapirispiroa, sa-

xeli -go-sufiqsiani micemiTis formas iRebs.6

am mxriv viTareba Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi ucvleli

darCa, magram kardinalurad Seicvala zmnaSi iribi obieqtis

formaluri gamoxatvis sakiTxi. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs amje-

rad is garemoeba, rom qarTuli enis intensiuri zegavleniT

bolo dros ukve iribi damateba piris niSniT gamoixateba

wovaTuSuri enis zmnaSi. aRniSnuli interferentuli pro-

cesiT gamowveuli cvlilebis Sedegad iribi damatebisa da

zmnis formaluri urTierToba TiTqmis gaTanabrda am or ena-

Si, gansxvavebas axla ukve wovaTuSurSi arsebuli micemiTi

brunvis mravalsaxeoba qmnis.

mocemuli viTarebis mixedviT SegviZlia ganvacxadoT,

rom Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi iribi damateba zmnis iribi

obieqturi piris fardi saxelia. Sesabamisad, iribdamatebi-

Tia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic asrulebs iribi da-

matebis rols mTavari winadadebis SemasmenelTan, an kidev

6 dawvrilebiT ix. miqelaZe 2011 – 21-50.

110

xsnis da azustebs mTavar winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli nacval-

saxeliT gadmocemuli iribi damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

iribdamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcveli rTuli qvew-

yobili winadadebis mTavarSi misaTiTebel sityvebad gvxvde-

ba igive CvenebiTi da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, rac

qvemdebarulsa da pirdapirdamatebiT damokidebul winada-

debebSi dafiqsirda, kerZod, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e

ès~, o ìs~, is èg~ da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:

ćëmaõ / Ĉmaõ `yvela, yvelaferi~. mTavarSi warmodgenili

korelatebis kiTxvebadac igive m÷? `vin?~ da Ĉx? `ra?~ nac-

valsaxelebi ixmareba. sagulisxmoa isic, rom kavSirebadac

igive mimarTebiTi menđ / menã `vinc~ da Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~ nac-

valsaxelebi funqcionirebs, romlebic amjeradac isev da-

mokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis Sesatyvis brunvaSi

warmogvidgebian.

miuxedavad amdeni damTxvevisa, iribdamatebiTi damoki-

debulis Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis specifi-

kas qmnis is garemoeba, rom CamoTvlili CvenebiTi, gansaz-

RvrebiTi da kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi mocemul SemTxvevaSi

oTxi zemoT CamoTvlili ganxsvavebuli micemiTi brunvis

formiT warmogvidgebian.

magaliTad:

1. as daCok oÙu×-n Cuqbados s÷ Jagné, ôanã dok diîoS

ôalé xaïé qorTi laTiné bolèmcø `me mxolod imas vaCu-

qeb Cems wigns, vinc guldasmiT waikiTxavs Tavidan bo-

lomde.~

111

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria as daCok

oÙu×n Cuqbados s÷ Jagné àme mxolod imas vaCuqeb Cems wigns~;

damokidebulia ôanã dok diîoS ôalé xaïé qorTi laTiné

bolomcø àvinc Tavidan bolomde waikiTxavs guldadebiT.~

mTavari winadadebis misaTiTebel sityvas warmoadgens

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oÙu×-n `imas~, romelic mocemulia

nariani micemiTis formiT da pasuxobs iribi damatebis kiT-

xvaze ôann? `vis?~

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelic na-

rian micemiTSia gaformebuli, iribi damatebis imave kiTxvaze

pasuxobs damokidebuli winadadebac. CamoTvlili yvela niS-

nis mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba iribdama-

tebiTia.

2. taTeb oÙar-go aôđl yuiv, ôögoôã duÙ da böke gagdiené

`fuli imaT hparon qurdebma, visac bevri aqvs bankSi Se-

naxuli.~

mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: taTeb

oÙar-go aôđl yuiv àfuli imaT hparon qurdebma~; damokide-

bulia ôögoôã duÙ da böke gagdiené àvisac bevri aqvs bankSi

Senaxuli~. daqvemdebarebisaTvis damaxasiTebeli yvela saxis

mimarTeba mTavarTan amjeradac iribi damatebisTvis niSan-

dobliv -go-sufiqsian micemiTSi gaformebuli korelatiTa

da maqvemdebarebeli kavSiriT aris gamoxatuli. gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba eniWeba imasac, rom damokidebuli winadadeba

iribi obieqtis kiTxvaze pasiurobs. SegviZlia amjeradac da-

112

vaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba iribda-

matebiTia.

3. wa oÙu×-gé dewiS TagdiTö, ôögoôã ×aóù gamocdileb ×a

`saxli imas unda gaakeTebinoT, visac didi gamocdileba

aqvs.~

saanalizo rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria Sem-

degi winadadeba: wa oÙu×-gé dewiS TagdiTö àsaxli imas unda

gaakeTebinoT~; damokidebulia ôögoôã (< ôögé? àvis?~) ×aóù

gamocdileb ×a àvisac didi gamocdilba aqvs.~

amjerad ukve iribi damatebis gadmosacemad mocemul

rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi -gé-sufiqsiani micemiTi fun-

qcionirebs: am brunvaSia warmodgenili korelati, am brunva-

Si dgas mTavris mimarTi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelic. cxadia,

rom mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba iribdamatebiTia,

raki kiTxvac iribi damatebisa daesmis.

4. doS oÙu-x TeSdebaT, ôanã ÙeCon Raltbadar co

kisrbado `sityva mas andeT, vinc sxvis Ralats ar

ikisrebs.~

mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria doS

oÙu-x TeSdebaT àsityva mas andeT~; damokidebulia ôanã

ÙeCon Raltbadar co kisrbado àvinc sxvis Ralats ar ikis-

rebs.~ aq yvelaferi zemoT warmodgenili sqemis mixedviT

aris realizebuli – mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba

yvela niSnis mixedviT iribdamatebiTia, erTaderTi gansxva-

veba zemoT ganxiluli sxva saxis pirdapirdamatebiTi damoki-

113

debuli winadadebebisagan -x-sufiqsiani micemiTis gamoyene-

baSi mdgomareobs.

ganxilul sailustracio magaliTebSi erTmaneTis mi-

marT mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebebis pozicia erTna-

iria: oTxsave SemTxvevaSi mTavari uswrebs, damokidebuli

mosdevs mTavars. mTavari da iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli

winadadebebis aseTi mimdevroba yvelaze farTod aris rea-

lizebuli wovaTuSurSi, Tumca sakmaod xSiria maTive Seb-

runebuli wyobis SemTxvevebic, mTavarSi moqceuli iribda-

matebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ki am enaSi TiTqmis ar

gvxvdeba.

davasaxelebT mTavrisa da iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli

winadadebebis Sebrunebuli mimdevrobis magaliTebs:

1. ôögôã somaq amag ×a, oÙu×n bčđ leõeS la×tas `visac Cem-

ze amagi aqvs, imas yovelTvis siamovnebiT davexmarebi.~

2. menã fsare gakveTilmaq co dar, uCitles oÙargé Txa

bodiS bčofiT÷ `vinc guSin gakveTilze ar iyo,

maswavlebelma imaT dRes bodiSi moaxdevina.~

3. ôanã Sa×r droô co gaToÙnadi÷, oÙargo simød daô

daydalø `vinc Tavis droze ar gaToxnes, imaT simindi

gauxmaT.~

4. is Jagné högôã ôalé xaïiné da, oÙux xaïaT is ambu× `eg

wigni visac wakiTxuli aqvs, imas hkiTxeT eg ambavi.~

misaTiTebeli sityva iribdamatebiTi damokidebulis

Semcvel Cvens mier damowmebul yvela rTuli winadadebis

mTavarSi saxezea, magram zogjer is SeiZleba arc iyos war-

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modgenili. Cveulebriv es damaxasiaTebelia gabmuli metyve-

lebisaTvis, sadac konteqstis mixedviT misi gaTvaliswineba

advilia.

magaliTad:

1. zora×Sç qast÷ ÙiTnor nan, støCoôđ ×aric saqm `Zalian

male mimxvdariyo deda, raSic iyo saqme.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

107)

2. ôögè xaõiTnaTx, haminaõ zora×Si RosxeTø oÙ busluCé

Sekreb÷ ambu× `visac gavagebineT, yvelas Zalian gauxarda

imRamindeli Sekrebis ambavi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 165)

III. ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

axla, roca wovaTuSuri enis iribi damatebac qvemdeba-

resa da pirdapir damatebasTan erTad qarTuli enis gramati-

kul sqemaze gadaerTo da piris niSani gaiCina, ubralo dama-

teba ukve upirisniSnobiT SegviZlia davupirispiroT sxva sa-

xis damatebebs: pirdapirsa da iribs. aseT SemTxvevaSi realu-

ria ukve misi Semdegi ganmarteba: `ubraloa damateba, rome-

lic ar aris Sewyobili zmnis obieqtur pirTan.~

ubralo damateba am enaSi Cveulebriv arsebiTi saxeliT

da nacvalsaxelebiT gadmoicema, zogjer ki – gaarsebiTebu-

li sxva metyvelebis nawilebiTac. igi uTandebuloa, an Tan-

debuliani. misi brunvebia: micemiTi, naTesaobiTi, moqmedebi-

Ti da gardaqceviTi (viTarebiTi), kiTxvebad ki daesmis `vin?~

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da `ra?~ kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi im brunvis formiT, ra

brunvis formiTac TviTon ubralo damatebaa gadmocemuli.

winadadebaSi ubralo damateba ZiriTadad Semasmenels

axlavs: ôaSi doiv daxk÷ àstumrebi cxenebiT movidnen~;

gvxvdeba winadadebis sxva wevrebTanac:

qvemdebaresTan: masTxu×cø buô gamarjvbev damTavrbad-

balø àmterTan omi gamarjvebiT damTavrda.~

damatebasTan: garmonmaq Tefxar Ǥamdos àgarmonze dak-

vras vswavlob.~

gansazRvrebasTan: sicxogor÷da qoídaløCé ôaSiv ÷ le-

xor àsicxisgan Sewuxebuli stumrebi Crdils eZebdnen.~

garemoebasTan: báder Cu xaõ÷ gakviTli Ǥam×ö àbavSvi daj-

da gakveTilebis saswavleblad.~

sxva saxis damokidebul winadadebebTan erTad wovaTu-

SurSi aqtiurad funqcionirebs ubralodamatebiTi damoki-

debuli winadadeba. ubralodamatebiTia damokidebuli wina-

dadeba, romelic asrulebs ubralo damatebis rols mTavari

winadadebis romelime wevris mimarT, an kidev xsnis da azus-

tebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli ubralo

damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

magaliTad:

øc ukve stemaxeõ qoílas, Ĉxã s÷ saqm ×aã, co ×a `axla uk-

ve yvelaferze vwuxdebi, rac Cemi saqme aris da ar aris.~

mocemul SemTxvevaSi mTavari winadadebaa øc ukve stemaxeõ

qoílas àexla ukve yvelagferze vwuxdebi~; damokidebulia

Ĉxã s÷ saqm ×aã, co ×a àrac Cemi saqme aris da ar aris.~ sakorela-

116

cio sityvaa stemaxeõ àyvelaferze~, kavSirad ki warmodgeni-

lia mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli Ĉxã àrac~. mTavars daesmis kiT-

xva stenax qoílas øc ukve? àraze vwuxdebi exla ukve?~

saanalizo winadadebaSi sakorelacio sityva asrulebs

ubralo damatebis rols da kiTxvasac mTavari winadadeba

ubralo damatebisas daisvams, ris gamoc damokidebuli wina-

dadeba aris ubralodamatebiTi.

sagulisxmoa, rom ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis

Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sarealizacio sqe-

ma TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva iribdamatebiTi damokidebu-

lis Semcveli qvewyobilisas, kerZod:

1. gvaqvs igive sakorelacio sityvebi:

a) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e ès~, o ìs~, is èg~, ebi /

ebe ~ èseni~, ifsi ègeni~, obi ìsini.~

b) gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli: Ĉmaõ / ćëmaõ àyvela-

feri, yvela.~

2. igivea kavSirebad gamoyenebuli mimarTebiTi nacvalsa-

xelebi: Ĉxđ / Ĉxã àrac~, menđ / menã àvinc.~

3. igivea mTavris mimarTi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi: m÷?

àvin?~, Ĉx? àra?~

4. meordeba sakavSirebeli, misaTiTebeli Tu kiTxviTi

sityvebis brunvebi: micemiTi I (-n-sufiqsiani), mic. II (-go-su-

fiqsiani), mic. III (-gé-sufiqsiani), mic. IV (-x-sufiqsiani).

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, am ori saxis rTul qvewyobil

winadadebas Soris seriozul gansxvavebas qmnis is garemoeba,

rom:

117

1. iribi damateba axlavs mxolod pirian zmna-Semasmenels,

ubralo damateba ki sintaqsur wyvils qmnis pirian zmnebTa-

nac da gaarsebiTebuli Tu gazedsarTavebuli upiro zmniT

gadmocemul sxva wevrebTanac winadadebisa;

2. iribi damateba mxolod uTandebulod ixmareba yvela

saxis micemiTSi, ubralo damateba ki Tandebulianic gvxvde-

ba xSirad.

3. garda micemiTi brunvisa, ubralo damateba wovaTu-

SurSi xSirad gvxvdeba sxva brunvaSic: saxelobiTSi, moT-

xrobiTSi, moqmedebiTSi da viTarebiTSi.

davasaxelebT ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Sem-

cvel rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis magaliTebs:

1. oÙu×na×né (Tandebuliani micemiTi – àimas-Tvis~)

gametebados a×sù diené Cxødri, ôannđ waniS Ùmarbadö ÙeTå

`imisTvis gavimeteb Cem moqsovil windebs, vinc kargi

xmareba icis.~

2. oÙu×gor÷ (Tandebuliani micemiTi – àimas-gan~) ste-

xos daxmareb, ôannmaqđ amag ×a sogo `imisgan velodebi

daxmarebas, viszec amagi maqvs.~

3. ×aóù Secdom ×a oÙux (uTandebulo micemiTi – àimas~)

TeSar, menã RaziS co dapw ôù `didi Secdomaa imisi ndo-

ba, visac kargad ar icnob.~

4. Tin oÙuv (uTandebulo moqmedebiTi – àimiT~) amyebala,

Ĉnã Sa×rù da×cç Tagdiené `Tina imiT amayobs, rac Tavisi

gakeTebulia.~

5. dal oÙuR (uTandebulo gardaqceviTi – àimad~) ma

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verwvebalasé, ôanã denle valar natrodo `RmerTi imad

nu gadamaqcevs, vinc sicocxleSi sikvdils natrobs.~

garda zemo aRniSnulisa, wovaTuSuri enis ubralo dama-

teba amave enis irib damatebasTan mimarTebiT kidev erT arse-

biTi xasiaTis gansxvavebas gviCvenebs. Tavisebureba amjerad

SemdegSi mdgomareobs.

mimReobasa Tu sawyisTan qvemdebarisebr, pirdapirobieq-

tisebr Tu iribobieqtisebr ubralo damatebad Sewyobili

saxeli inarCunebs formas imave brunvebisa, riTac isini (qvem-

debare, pirdapiri Tu iribi damateba) ukavSirdebodnen piri-

an zmnas. Sesabamisad:

I. qvemdebarisebri ubralo damateba gardamavali zmnis

sawyissa da mimReobasTan moTxrobiT brunvaSia warmodgeni-

li, gardauvali zmnis sawyissa da mimReobasTan – saxelobiT-

Si, an moTxrobiTSi;

II. imave kategoriis saxelebTan Sewyobili iribdamatebi-

sebri ubralo damateba mudmivad micemiTSia, pirdapirdama-

tebisebri ubralo damateba ki aseve yovelTvis saxelobiT

brunvaSia.

Sdr.:

1. a) gardamavali zmnis piriani forma: dadas aSenbadi÷

àmamam aaSena.~

b) gardamavali zmnis mimReoba: dadas aSenbadiené àmamam

aSenebuli.~

g) gardamavali zmnis sawyisi: dadas aSenbadar àmamam

aSeneba.~

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2. a) gardauvali zmnis piriani forma: báder doJ÷ àbavSvi

waiqca.~

b) gardauvali zmnis mimReoba: doJené báder àwaqceuli

bavSvi.~

g) gardauvali zmnis sawyisi: báder doJar àbavSviǩsǪ

waqceva.~

analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs iribsa da pirdapir damate-

bebTan mimarTebiTac.

aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, saTanado gavlenas axdens

qvemdebarisebri, iribdamatebisebri Tu pirdapirdamatebi-

sebri ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcvel rTul

qvewyobil winadadebaSi warmodgenili sakorelacio, sakav-

Sirebeli Tu kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelis formaze. konkretuli

viTarebis mixedviT es nacvalsaxelebi saxelobiT brunvaSic

Segvxvdeba, moTxrobiTSic da micemiTSic.

magaliTad:

I. mTavarSi warmodgenili misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli

moTxrobiT brunvaSia:

oÙus (àiman~) Cuqbadiené Jagné dewå sù, hannđ Jagnuû max

xeõicç àiman naCuqari wigni minda, vinc wignis fasi icis.~

II. misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli saxelobiT brunvaSi:

sù o (àis~ – sax. br.) aĉö leõ, vunã Sugé Txalomcø coôanã

aĉøda `me is (imis) Tqma minda, rac TqvenTvis dRemde ara-

vis uTqvams.~

III. aô oÙu×n (àimas~) latar loõdina, ôannđ Ùenaõ comenđ

120

letå `Sen imas (imis) daxmareba moimdome, visac sxva ara-

vin exmareba.~

garda mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebisa, ubralo damatebi-

Ti damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars xSirad uerTeba maqvem-

debarebeli mã àrom~ kavSiriT.

magaliTad:

1. sù Sugé o (àis~) xaõiTö leõ, mã is saqm ôalé co Tagla

øc `me imis gagebineba minda TqvenTvis, rom eg saqme ar ga-

keTdeba axla.~

2. tyveni denæô-busê oÙux daklevir, mã banker÷ moôeÙda

Su×n dewer aôdalö `tyveebi dRemde imaze fiqrobdnen,

rom rogorme banakidan unda gaparuliyvnen.~

3. se nango oÙuû gasqö miCe ×ar, mã Txo nifsiCé naymaq

oídoralé – swavl-ganaTleb loralé Txù `dedaCems

imis SesZlebloba sad hqonda, rom Cven swor gzaze dave-

yenebineT – swavla-ganaTleba moeca CvenTvis.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 70)

mTavarTan dasakavSireblad aRniSnuli saxis damokide-

bulSi zogjer erTdroulad gvxvdeba esa Tu is mimarTebiTi

nacvalsaxelic da kavSiri mã àrom.~

magaliTad:

1. oÙu×na×né co gametbad×omak sù côanaxcôa ×a×nç ×oô,

ôannđ mã fstu×n RaziS gag×ö co makå `imisTvis ver

gavimeteb Cems erTaderT qaliSvils, visac rom qalis

kargad Senaxva ar SeuZlia.~

2. sù oÙu×na×né metbala daCok sikeTå, ôannđ mã o

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dafasbad×an ÙeTã, daô co ×icla `me imisTvis memeteba

mxolod sikeTe, vinc rom misi dafaseba icis da ar

iviwyebs.~

rogorc yvela sxva saxis damokidebuli, ubralodamate-

biTi damokidebulic umetes SemTxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars.

aseTia mTavrisa da ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winada-

debis poziciuri urTierTmimarTeba Cvens mier dasaxelebu-

li ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcveli rTuli

qvewyobili winadadebis yvela magaliTSi.

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, mocemuli saxis damokidebuli

winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSic xSirad gvxvdeba, mTav-

ris Sida poziciaSi ki is Zalian iSviaTad fiqsirdeba.

magaliTebi, sadac ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli wi-

nadadeba mTavriswina poziciaSia:

1. ôanæ imed ×ar sogo daxmarb÷, ôamigor÷daôoõ uar

miRebadinas `visic imedi mqonda me daxmarebisa, yvelas-

gan uari miviRe.~

2. Ĉne mã comacnã ôalé co asrulbala, oÙux daklevar

×aóù gùwol moí sù `rac rom arasodes asruldeba, ima-

ze fiqri didi sisulele mgonia.~

3. menã mã Cuô dagur yùCè buôlo, oÙu×gor÷da xeõ sù is

ambu× `vinc rom Sig eria axalgazrdobis CxubSi, imisgan

gavige eg ambavi.~

122

§22. gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

gansazRvrebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic

raime niSnis mixedviT axasiaTebs anu gansazRvravs mTavari wi-

nadadebis arsebiTi saxeliT gamoxatul romelime wevrs, an

kidev gadmogvcems aseT wevrTan gansazRvrebad dakavSire-

buli misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxelis konkretul Sinaarss. mo-

cemuli saxis damokidebuli winadadeba mogvigebs gansaz-

Rvrebis kiTxvebze, kerZod:

menux? `romeli?~, molú? `rogori?~, meĉ? `ramdeni?~,

ôa×nç? `visi?~, stinç? / stenø? `risa?~, miCr÷? `saidan? / sada-

uri?~, maclú? `rodindeli?~, stenair? `ranairi?~…

gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis korelate-

bad gvxvdeba saTanado CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e ès~, o

ìs~, is èg~, iStú àseTi~, oStú ìseTi~, eÙumfl÷ àmdeni, am-

xela~, oÙumfl÷ ìmdeni, imxela~, eÙnair àmnairi~, uÙnair

ìmnairi~, eôaTlú `maSindeli~…

damokidebuli winadadebis mTavarTan mimarTebas yvela-

ze xSirad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã àrom~ gamoxatavs, mag-

ram saTanado SemTxvevaSi aseve xSirad asrulebs imave fun-

qcias mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:

menuxđ `romelic~, molunđ / mu×lnã `rogoric~, meĉã

`ramdenic~, ôanæ / ôa×nđ `visic~, stinæ / stenæ `risic~, miCrenđ

`sadauric~, maclunđ `rodindelic~, meĉđ / meĉã `ramdenic~,

stenairđ `ranairic~…

magaliTad: oStú lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ, mã ôeWuS co

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Ǥapmakralé admenen `iseTi lamazi yofiliyo nefioni (ne-

fe da patarZali), rom yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme

adamiani.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)

mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: oStú

lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ `iseTi lamazebi yofiliyvnen

nefe-patarZali oriveni~; damokidebulia mã ôeWuS co Ǥap-

makralé admenen `rom yurebiT ver gaZRebnoda Turme adamia-

ni.~ korelatia CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oStú àiseTi~, rome-

lic mTavar winadadebaSi asrulebs gansazRvrebis rols; da-

mokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs gansazRvrebis kiTxvaze

molú? àrogori?~

yvela mocemuli niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damokide-

buli winadadeba gansazRvrebiTia.

analogiurad qarTulisa, gansazRvreba wovaTuSurSi

ori saxisaa: atributuli da substantiuri. sazRvrulTan

urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT orive saxis gansazRvreba gar-

kveul Taviseburebas gviCvenebs sakvlev enaSi. atributuli

gansazRvrebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom garda

saxelobiTisa, yvela sxva brunvaSi -Co sufiqss dairTavs da

ubrunvisniSnod Seewyoba sazvruls. rac Seexeba substanti-

ur gansazRvrebas, is saxelobiTSi sazRvruls naTesaobiTi

brunvis formiT Seewyoba, sxva brunvaSi ki naTesaobiTi

brunvis fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili. aRniSnuli garemoeba,

cxadia, saTanado gavlenas axdens korelatebisa Tu sakavSi-

rebeli sityvebis formaze.

124

magaliTad:

oStu-Cé stakø imed ×a sogo, ôanæ vaJkacb÷ ambu× ôaminaõ

xawen×a ìseTi kacis imedi maqvs, visic vaJkacobis ambavi

yvelas gagonili aqvs.~

mocemul winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli

oStú àiseTi~ sazRvrulis naTesaobiTi brunvis formasTan

Co-sufiqsiani ubrunvisniSno fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili,

xolo mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli ôanæ / ôa×nđ àvisic~ naTesao-

biTi brunvis formas warmoadgens kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelisa

ôa×nç? àvisi?~

gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba umetes Sem-

TxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars, naklebad gvxvdeba mTavriswina po-

ziciaSi, xolo rac Seexeba mTavrisSua pozicias, aq is, sxva

saxis damokidebulTagan gansxvavebiT, sakmaod xSirad fiq-

sirdeba.

magaliTad:

a) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

momdevno poziciaSi.

1. oStú niWier vanor taté, mã ôamivaõ gadawyvetadi-

nor o Ǥamdö sazRvargareT ôaWvar ìseTi niWieri yofi-

liyo tato, rom yvelas gadaewyvita misi saswavleblad

sazRvargareT gagzavna.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)

2. oStú mawrø dđxar levdor i naxgo vaSicø eôaT, mã daniõ

Tamar mefå maTxox dadralé ìseTi tkbili cxovreba

hqonoda am xalxs erTmaneTTan maSin, rom yvelani Tamar

mefis mzes ficulobdnen Turme.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 198)

125

3. o pirob daô mamacnã ×ico×é, Ĉnã yùle ×a×ĉraô sé `im

pirobas nurasodes daiviwyeb, rac axalgazrdobaSi

momeci.~

4. oÙuû imed ×ar Txogo, ubnereCé bádrigo, mã ba×í maSa×ô

dedmiw gogix ×erwar co deôlar Txogo àimis imedi

gvqonda Cven, ubnel bavSvebs, rom mTvaris Suqze dedami-

wis Semotrialeba ar gamogvepareboda~. (miqelaZe 2014 –

166)

b) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris wi-

na poziciaSi:

1. ôanã RaziS Ǥamodé, uÙ bádrin skolas qeb÷ sigeli da-

rigbadi÷ `vinc kargad swavlobs, im bavSvebs skolam qe-

bis sigelebi dauriga.~

2. macnã yenđ, baxđ co xiĉugå, oStuCé droô ×đxö leõer sù

`rodesac Raribi da mdidari aRar iqneba, iseT droSi

mindoda cxovreba.~

3. miCôe iónè da, uÙ naymaq du× TxiloS leldebaT! `sadac

mkveTri daxrilobaa, im gzaze cxenebi frTxilad ata-

reT!~

g) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

SuaSi:

1. ôeï÷ o naWer, stennmaqđ sogo qok laíer, xiv Sarn

×oï×or `zvavis is naWeri, romelzedac me fexi medga,

wyals mihqonda.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 43)

2. o lekđ stakgo, ôanã o báder datdiøc, zora×Sç

RaziCé dakø fstu gu×aĉ÷ `im lekis kacs, vinc is bavSvi

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moitaca, Zalian kargi gulis coli aRmoaCnda.~ (miqela-

Ze 2011 – 118)

3. o fstu×né, ôanæ ambu× ×efcor sogé nanas, waro

×axraloã, mehir weralé `is qali, vis ambavsac miyveboda

deda, waroSi cxovrobda Turme da mehiri rqmeoda.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 143)

§23. garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavarTan fun-

qciuri Tu poziciuri mimarTebis imave principebiT realiz-

deba, rac gvqonda qvemdebaruli, damatebisebri Tu gansaz-

RvrebiTi damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi da fiqsirdeba imdeni-

ve saxis garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, ra saxeebic

gaaCnia TviTon garemoebas; gvaqvs: droisgaremoebiTi damo-

kidebuli winadadeba, adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli

winadadeba, viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba,

mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da miznisga-

remoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

I. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

droisgaremoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic

asrulebs drois garemoebis rols mTavarTan mimarTebiT, an

kidev xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli zmnizediT

127

gadmocemuli drois garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas. misi

kiTxvebia:

macö? `rodis?~, maclomcø? `rodemde?~, macödolø? `ro-

didan?~, meĉ xane? `ramden xans?~

mTavarSi korelatebad gvxvdeba Semdegi zmnizedebi: øc

èxla~, eôaT `maSin~, dudax `weRan~, øcdolø àmieridan~,

eôaTdolø `maSindlidan~, dudaxdolø `weRandelidan~,

øclomcø àqamde, am dromde~, eôaTlomcø ìqamde, manamde, im

dromde~, oÙumfleCé xane ìmden xans~, icxumfleCé xane `mag-

den xans~, eÙumfleCé xane àmden xans~…

mTavarTan damokidebulis sakavSirebel ZiriTad saSua-

lebas kavSiri mã àrom~ warmoadgens. konkretuli viTarebis

mixedviT imave funqcias asruleben agreTve mimarTebiTi

zmnizedebi: macnã àrodesac, roca~, maclomcinđ àrodemdec~,

macödolinđ àrodidanac~, meĉ xaneôđ àramden xansac~…

magaliTad:

1. marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar, bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu×

×or `rogori Zalian didi kargoba iyo maSin, TuSebi

(bacbebi) TuSurad (bacburad) rom laparakobdnen.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 194)

mocemul rTul orSemadgenlian winadadebaSi mTavaria

marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar àrogori Zalian didi kargoba iyo

maSin~; damokidebulia bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or àTuSe-

bi TuSurad rom laparakobdnen.~

128

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs drois garemoebis

kiTxvaze macö dar Raznđ? àrodis iyo kargoba?~ da xsnis misa-

TiTebeli eôaT àmaSin~ zmniszedis zogad mniSvnelobas.

dasaxelebuli yvela niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damoki-

debuli winadadeba drois garemoebiTia.

2. tyu×ôsølú sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes, macnã

maq leki ÙeTø eõmaq sufren gogix ǤedaxkCu×Sn `bolo

sadRegrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada, rodesac Tavs

lekebi daesxnen mwvane molze sufris garSemo

msxdomareebs.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 109)

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria tyu×ôsølú

sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes `ukanasknel sadRegrZe-

los ambobda Turme Tamada~; damokidebulia macnã maq leki

ÙeTø eõmaq sufren gogix ǤedaxkCu×Sn `rodesac Tavs lekebi

daesxnen mwvane molze sufris garSemo msxdomareebs.~ mTa-

var winadadebas aklia korelati, anu ara aqvs drois garemo-

ebis amsaxveli wevri, ris gamoc mas daesmis drois garemoe-

bis kiTxva macö levbor Tamdes tyu×ôsølú sadRegrZelo?

àrodis ambobda Tamada ukanasknel sadRegrZelos?~

dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli winadade-

ba, anu is asrulebs drois garemoebis rols mTavarTan mimar-

TebiT. yvela niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damokidebuli wina-

dadeba drois garemoebiTia.

sagulisxmoa, rom drois garemoebiTi damokidebulis

Semcveli qvewyobili winadadeba sxvebTan SedarebiT gaci-

lebiT meti sixSiriT funqcionirebs wovaTuSuri enis zepir-

129

metyvelebasa Tu werilobiTs wyaroebSi, rac Sepirobebuli

unda iyos im gansakuTrebuli roliT, rac drois faqtors

ukavia adamianis piradsa Tu sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.

drois garemoebiTi damokdiebuli winadadeba samsave pozi-

ciaSi fiqsirdeba mTavris mimarT: TavSic, SuaSic da bolo-

Sic.

magaliTad:

a) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

momdevno poziciaSi:

1. ×uymaíde levdor, macnã wøgor nayv uÙ deni laëmì

du×tniSi meRorđ wyaru×gé óa×Cnor `SuadRe yofili-

yo, roca winagoris gziT im dRes mTaSi mimavlebma meRo-

ris

wyaros miaRwies.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)

2. sworeT eôaT stabè lev×or, macne za×rzenin da×qrđ

zurbes ôaWdiené marWkel oínor sögé `swored maSin

Semodgoma yofiliyo, roca zariZeebs abaSiZe zurabis

gagzavnili maWankali misdgomodaT kars.~ (miqelaZe 2011

– 107)

3. eôaT cu× Teĉer, macne mã aTxa zurita ixora `maSin

ar sjobda, roca rom zuretSi davdiodiT.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 163)

4. Txđ tyoõ dakv ôeWyé sù, macnã oÙuû natyirđl÷ bčarki

dakixé sù `dResac isev guli miWers (mtkiva), roca misi

cremliani Tvalebi magondeba.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 55)

130

b) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris-

wina poziciaSi:

1. macnã bčex vaser ôafsbö ÙaW baÙøc fôexobiv, levé ojxe

lazren Ùa×Cnor vaxar, vaÙu×Cé vaSen `rodesac omSi

kacebis gagzavnaze wili eyaraT soflelebs, leos ojax-

Si lazars Sexvedria wasvla, ufros Zmas.~ (miqelaZe 2011

– 129)

2. macnã vaôox ôerCeS nan daô mal×alø, døjaT, co qastlaS

maq vaxnoer dad vaôon, WčaRoS, vaJka×craT daôđ ôa×rCnor

`roca Svilis xvevniT deda daiRala, dinjad, auCqareb-

lad misuliyo mama SvilTan da magrad, vaJkacurad Caek-

ra gulSi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 121)

3. savarZlđx ǤebaxkeCé vaWrilor÷ macnã gamoZaxbadvu×nç

comenđ vis÷, sanigo qokimaq laíinç su×mö daklevadvinor

`savarZlebSi msxdar vaWarTagan roca gamosaZaxebeli

aRaravin darCa, karebTan fexze mdgari simoni moekiT-

xaT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 155)

4. sanam as ifsi daklevdoras, o ǤarWiS dofxdaløCé naxø

alzö daô Tiĉ÷ sox `sanam me mageebs vfiqrobdi, is

SavadCacmuli adamianebis mdinare (alazani) gamcda.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 177)

5. Ĉnã aTx rusTil÷ alu×n Camosaxlbada×lnaTx, eôaT-

dolø duÙ dro ×ax÷ `rac Cven alvanSi CamovsaxldiT ru-

seTidan, maSindlidan didi dro gavida.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –

69)

131

g) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

Sua poziciaSi:

1. øcaä, macnã Sugé e daSni defcos, oStiõ o bčarkiv

naTbado sù saxex, baxé bčarkiv... `axlac, roca mis am

sityvebs gadmogcemT, isev is saocari Tvalebi minaTeben

saxes, baxvas Tvalebi...~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 29)

2. qiqoõ, macnã lekianob ×ar, duó moČø ambu× Teglar

`winaT, roca lekianoba iyo, bevri cudi ambavi xdeboda.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 118)

3. wye, macnã taté opere levvor, scenenmaq nikloz÷

suraT ×eõnor `erTxel, roca tato operaSi yofiliyo,

scenaze nikolozis suraTi SemoetanaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

133)

4. eôaTdolø, skolas mã dikraTva× eqskursienmaq, so mcxe-

Ta co xiĉen×ag `mas Semdegidan, skolam rom eqskurisia-

ze wagviyvana, me mcxeTaSi aRar vyofilvar.~

5. eôaT, aTx mã kawkù bakal ôoS rusudö ×agö daxer, o

moČøW SariS dar `majSin, Cven rom cotaodeni saWmliT

rusudanis sanaxavad wavediT, swored is gausaZlisi

wlebi iyo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 52)

droisgaremoebiT damokidebul winadadebasa da mis mTa-

vars xSirad moepovebaT saerTo sityva, romelic gamotove-

bulia oriveSi da igulisxmeba wina naTqvamisa Tu zmnis pirian

formaTa mixedviT; xSirad aseTi SemTxvevebic gvaqvs, roca

saerTo sityva dasaxelebulia erT-erTSi, meoreSi ki igu-

lisxmeba.

132

magaliTad:

1. macnã ôal qorTmi di÷, le o `bradiag~ co levvoger

osiôã, le oÙuû böjglđr÷ fôu `rodesac Tavebi aswies,

aRarc is `bradiaga~ yofiliyo iq da aRarc misi

banjgvliani ZaRli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 25)

2. taté mã Ǥamdđ safrögiT vaxer, eôaT icxu×na×né u×s

comenđ ixor `tato rom saswavleblad safrangeTSi wavi-

da, maSin magisTvis iq aravin dadioda. ~

3. ćëmaõ mokiTxodinas, macnã ôaSilé Cu ignas `yvela

movikiTxe, roca stumrebSi Severie.~

II. adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba asru-

lebs mTavarSi gamotovebuli adgilis garemoebis rols, an

xsnis da azustebs mTavar winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli zmnize-

diT gadmocemuli adgilis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

adgilisgaermoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxve-

bia: miCe? / miCux? `sad, ra adgilas?~, miCrenđ? `saidan? ~, mi-

Cemcø? `sadamde? ~, miCivô? `saiTken?~

mTavar winadadebaSi korelatebad gvxvdeba misaTiTebe-

li zmnizedebi: ese àq~, isi~ `mand~, osi ìq~, esernđ àqedan~,

isirnđ `mandedan~, osirnđ ìqidan~, esemcø àqamde~, isimcø

`mandamde~, osimcø ìqamde~, ese×vô àqeTken~, isivô `mandeT-

ken~, osivô ìqiTken~.

133

adgilis garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebas mTavar-

Tan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTde-

biTi zmnizedebi miCôã `sadac~, miCrenaôè `saidanac~, miCemcinđ

`sadamdec, sadamdisac~, miCe×vôđ `saiTkenac~.

magaliTad:

1. alu×nç baRu×nç Sivè, oÙuû naybistđ Su× Jevaõ osi

binebalar, miCôã uCø xiĉur àlvanSi momavali Sio da misi

amxanagi TavianTi cxvriTve iq binavdebodnen, sadac dau-

RamdebodaT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 51)

2. daô oídebal i lamzur TefSđ, miCôe Ùeni TefSi datic!

`gadadgi ra es lamazi TefSic, sadac sxva TefSebi ala-

gia!~

magaliTad dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi

mTavaria alu×nç baRu×nç Sivè, oÙuû naybistđ Su× Jevaõ osi bi-

nebalar àlvanSi momavali Sivo da misi amxanagi TavianTi

cxvriTve iq binavdebodnen~; damokidebulia miCôã uCø xiĉur

`sadac dauRamdebodaT~. mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs kore-

lati, adgilis zmnizeda osi ìq~; damokidebuli winadadeba

pasuxobs adgilis garemoebis kiTxvaze miCe binebalar Sivè,

oÙuû naybistđ? `sad binavdebodnen Sio da misi amxanagi?~ da

azustebs korelatis zogad Sinaarss. CamoTvlili niSnebis

mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba adgilis gare-

moebiTia.

meore qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria daô oTídebal i

lamzur TefSđ `gadadgi ra es lamazi TefSic~, xolo damoki-

debulia miCôã Ùeni TefSi datic `sadac sxva TefSebi alagia~.

134

mTavarSi ara gvaqvs adgilis garemoeba, damokidebuli wina-

dadeba ki pasuxobs adgilis garemoebis kiTxvaze da asru-

lebs imave wevris rols mTavris mimarT, ris gamoc is adgi-

lisgaremoebiTia.

adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba samsave

poziciaSi fiqsirdeba mTavris mimarT: TavSic, SuaSic da

momdevnodac, Tumca yvelaze xSirad momdevno poziciaSi

funqcionirebs.

magaliTad:

a) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-

ris momdevnmo poziciaSi:

1. duÙ nax Tivur ôaTxeõ u×sç, xãn qoxmđx, miCôã øc tbaTinaû

×as÷ gorkni laíå `bevri xalxi isvenebda winaT iq, xis

qoxmaxebSi, sadac axla tbaTanis carieli gorebi dgas.~

2. osimcø lilnaTx TuSiT daxö manqanev, miCrenaôè ukve

aRmarTđ ×ebllar `iqamde viareT TuSeTSi asasvlelad

manqaniT, saidanac ukve aRmarTi iwyeboda.~

3. kaxiTaû mefå bacbin dđxö adgil ×aĉrex osimcø

Sepirbadvalø, miCemcinđ alnirna xaxkøCé donen baxmaker

`kaxeTis mefe TuSebs sacxovrebeli adgilis micemas

iqamde Sehpirda, sadamdec alvnidan gaWenebuli cxeni

ivlida.~

b) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-

ris wina poziciaSi:

1. miCôã co divè, u×s cèm dacmak ôù `sadac ar daTes, iq

verafers moimki.~

135

2. miCôã muSebadö ×ol×a×lnas, miCxmaõ saqm CaSlad×alø

sogo `sadac muSaoba daviwye, yvelgan saqme CameSala.~

3. miCemcinđ maker sù lelö, osimcø lixnas baviné ×eí

mødre `sadamdec SemeZlo siaruli, iqamde veZebe min-

dorSi dakarguli Zroxa.~

g) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-

ris SuaSi.

roca adgilis garemoebiTi damokidebuli mTavris Sua-

Sia da sakavSirebel saSualebas mimarTebiTi zmnizeda war-

moadgens, is TiTqmis yovelTvis wevrkavSiriT iwyeba da uSu-

alod mosdevs korelats:

magaliTad:

1. osi, miCôã `vefxistyaosö~ dexklar, ×aò÷ rig laíer ìq,

sadac `vefxistyaosani~ iyideboda, grZeli rigi idga.~

2. osimcø, miCôã Sobö fôe ba, manqan÷ niy co bu×tì ìqamde,

sadac fSavlebis sofelia, samanqane gza ar midis.~

3. osirnđ, miCã va× du×tì ôaSeR, sù qu×TaT ×ux co ×aõmakå

ìqidan, sadac Cven mivdivarT stumrad, me fexiT ukan ver

davbrundebi.~

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, zogjer gvxvdeba iseTi Sem-

Txvevebic, roca amgvari mimdevroba darRveulia.

magaliTad:

osi, TiSiCé Teatr÷ Senob miCôã laíric, iustici÷ wa

Tagdi÷ ìq, Zveli Teatris Senoba sadac idga, iusticiis

saxli aaSenes.~

136

sagulisxmoa, rom kavSiris poziciuri ganawilebis mxriv

sapirispiro viTareba iqmneba, roca adgilisgaremoebiTi da-

mokidebuli winadadeba mTavars maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~

kavSiriT uerTdeba: es kavSiri arasodes dgas damokidebu-

lis TavSi, anu arasodes iwyebs mas. aseTi viTareba gvaqvs yo-

velTvis, sul erTia, damokidebuli mosdevs mTavars, us-

wrebs, Tu mTavris SuaSia moqceuli. Sdr.:

1. dadas venaÙ gaSenbadi×÷ osi, ôaTxeõ mã ×ase sögè laíer

`mamam venaxi gaaSena iq, winaT rom carieli ezo idga.~

2. aô mã Tivö ×ikraô so, duxane co ×čiõmakø sù osi `Sen rom

dasasveneblad wamiyvane, didxans ver gavCerdi iq.~

3. døgas osi, fôe qorTix mã lamzur gornak laíå,

xTiSobel ma×ram÷ saydar Tagdi÷ `dingam iq, soflis Tav-

Si rom lamazi gora dgas, mariam RvTiSoblis eklesia aa-

Sena.~

imdenad aqtiuria mã `rom~ kavSiris roli adgilis gare-

moebiTs damokidebul winadadebaSi, rom is nebismier Sem-

TxvevaSi paralelurad SeiZleba axldes sakavSireblad ga-

moyenebul ama Tu im wevr-kavSirs.

magaliTad:

u×srenđ, miCôã mã leTxö ixu×n stak laíer, wča×qù daxaõé

deqar xa×wnor lekin `iqidan, sadac rom mocekvave kaci

idga, uceb SurTxis xmianoba gaegoT lekebs.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 178)

137

III. viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

gasagebi mizeziT, adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis

Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba naklebi sixSiriT

funqcionirebs wovaTuSuri enis werilobiT wyaroebSi, rac

zedmiwevniT dafiqsirda masze msjelobisas damowmebuli ma-

galiTebis mixedviT; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs amjerad is gare-

moeba, rom dasaxelebul magaliTebSi mxolod erTia weri-

lobiTi wyaroebidan amoRebuli. sapirispiroa am mxriv mdgo-

mareoba viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis Semcvel

rTul qvewyobil winadadebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac imaSi

gacxaddeba, rom yvela saanalizo magaliTi axla ukve weri-

lobiTi wyaroebidan iqneba amoRebuli.

viTarebisgaremoeba sxva saxis garemoebebTan mimarTebiT

garkveul Taviseburebas gviCvenebs im mxriv, rom is mniSvne-

lobis mixedviT mravalferovania. masSi garda sakuTriv vi-

Tarebis garemoebisa, pirobiT aerTianeben mniSvnelobis mi-

xedviT masTan axlo mdgom sxva garemoebebsac, rogoricaa

zoma-odenobisa da jerobis garemoebebi. aRniSnuli viTare-

ba Tavis mxriv, cxadia, saTanado asaxvas poulobs viTarebis-

garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebebis Sinaarsobriv mra-

valferovnebaSi. Sesabamisad: viTarebisgaremoebiTia damoki-

debuli winadadeba, romelic gamoxatavs msgavseba-Sedare-

bas, rogorobas, zoma-odenobasa Tu jerobas im moqmedebisa,

rac gadmocemulia mTavar winadadebaSi.

mTavar winadadebaSi, romelsac erTvis viTarebisgare-

moebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, korelatebad gvxvdeba

138

CvenebiTi zmnizedebi: iSt àse~, u×St ìse~, iÙna×raT /

eÙna×raT àmnairad~, icxna×raT `magnairad~, uÙna×raT ìmnai-

rad~, oÙumfleSw ìmdenjer~, iÙumfleSw / eÙumfleSw àm-

denjer~…

kiTxvebad gvaqvs saTanado kiTxviTi zmnizedebi: moô?

`rogor?~, stena×raT? `ranairad?~, meĉw? `ramdenjer?~,

meĉwlǩoǪReS? `meramdened?~

viTarebis garemoebiTi damokidebul winadadebas mTa-

varTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimar-

TebiTi zmnizedebi: moôã `rogorc~, stena×raTđ `ranairadac~,

meĉwđ / meĉwã `ramdenjerac~…

viTarebisgaremoebiT damokidebuli winadadebis dasaxa-

siaTeblad ganvixiloT Semdegi ori magaliTi:

1. Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×Sç zora×Sç dak ôa×Wnor, mã moCvenbi

damarTbad×a×lnor `mere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian

damwuxrebuliyo, rom Cvenebebi damarTvoda.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 52)

2. zora×Si ma×xvoralé universitete profesriv tato,

moôã ÙeCna×raT niWier stud÷t `Zalian afasebdnen Turme

universitetSi profesorebi tatos, rogorc sxvanairad

niWier students.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)

magaliTebad dasaxelebuli rTuli qvewyobili winada-

debebidan pirvel winadadebaSi mTavaria Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×Sç zo-

ra×Sç dak ôa×Wnor àmere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian damwuxre-

buliyo~, damokidebulia mã moCvenbi damarTbad×a×lnor àrom

moCvenebebi damarTvoda~. mTavarSi korelatia CvenebiTi

139

zmnizeda u×Sç àise~, romlis zogad mniSvnelobasac xsnis da

azustebs damokidebuli winadadeba. yvela niSnis mixedviT

mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba viTarebisgaremoebiTia.

meore qvewyobili wiandadebaSi mTavaria zora×Si

ma×xvoralé universitete profesriv tato àZalian afaseb-

dnen Turme universitetSi profesorebi tatos~, damokide-

bulia moôã ÙeCna×raT niWier stud÷t àrogorc sxvanairad

niWier students~. damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs viTa-

rebis garemoebis kiTxvaze moô ma×xvor universitete pro-

fesriv taté? àrogor afasebdnen universitetSi profeso-

rebi tatos?~

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs viTarebis garemoe-

bis kiTxvaze da mTavari winadadebis mimarT asrulebs viTare-

bis garemoebis funqcias, ris gamoc is viTarebisgaremoebiTi

damokidebulia.

viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars

yvelaze ufro xSirad maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~ kavSiriT

uerTdeba. aseTi dakavSirebisas damokidebuls umeteswilad

mTavris momdevno pozicia ukavia, magram sakmaod xSirad

mTavris wina poziciaSic fiqsirdeba.

magaliTad:

a) mã `rom~-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokide-

buli winadadeba mTavris momdevno poziciaSi:

1. u×Sç mowonad×alø sù o winç musik, mã búglãr÷ toti ka-

bax daô wam×ienes, baòeCé bilikmaqđ aôè ôitnas Saregomcø

`ise momewona is axali musika, rom mtvriani xelebi kaba-

140

ze Seviwminde da grZeli bilikiT gaviqeci quCamde.~ (mi-

qelaZe 2014 – 177)

2. u×S ÙeCna×raT Secxadbadinor laëmreCé naxv Tamar

mefå ×alar, mã yovel ojxego Cuô Txu×lđ levdor ìse

sxvanairad Seecxadebina mTis xalxs Tamar mefis sikvdi-

li, rom yovel ojaxs Sin satirali hqonoda gamarTuli.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 198)

3. saydregor÷ dux derwiné nax u×S qastlaS dotur, mã

gaZnelbadalø sù oÙar na×bjex awyobad×alar èklesii-

dan gamobrunebuli xalxi ise Cqara midioda, rom gami-

Wirda maTTvis nabijis awyoba.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 170)

b) mã `rom~-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokide-

buli winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSi:

1. uÙé bu×sì mã ma×m balkonmaq baíagé ôiWnas, u×St ÙeCé

droô co ôeWen×ages ìm Rames me rom mamidas aivanze

mTvares vuyure, ise sxva dros aRar miyurnia.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 166)

sagulisxmoa, rom mTavrisa da viTarebisgaremoebiTi da-

mokidebuli winadadebis zemoT ganxilul konstruqciaSi

kavSiri mã àrom~ xSirad gamotovebulia.

magaliTad:

1. u×Sç levbor gamwarbadbaliné vaø vaser, lekin ba-

cuCé nayv ôaTxđ ×a×Ùnoer, côaõ dinç co vaxiTinor

ìse yofiliyvnen gamwarebulebi Cveni kacebi, lekebis-

Tvis mokle gziT win gadaeswroT da erTic cocxali ar

gaeSvaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 110)

141

2. u×St viqnor e kawkù stak mã, leki baniõ caxcaxa×né

bekbinor `ise daeyvira am patara kacs, rom lekebi yvela-

ni acaxcaxebuliyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)

sxva kavSirebis anu wevr-kavSirebis SemTxvevaSi viTare-

bisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ZiriTadad isev

mTavris momdevno poziciaSi funqcionirebs, magram zogjer

wina da Sua poziciebSic gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

a) wevr-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli

winadadeba mTavris momdevno poziciaSi:

1. lamni dakdaxkCe s÷ doka× daS, moôe warmaq – daí÷ `mTe-

bis gaxsenebaze Cemi guli dneba, rogorc cecxlze er-

bo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 83)

2. ma×rxu×n taté u×S zora×S vewer, moôã dewødar Sa×rù

diené báder `marexs tato ise Zalian uyvarda, rogorc

eyvareboda sakuTriv Tavisi gaCenili Svili.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 132)

3. u×St co bčarbax÷ TaTbirmaq se didvaWar babu×n, moôã

kuTnbalar oÙumfl÷ taTeb daCé stakon `ise ar Sexvdnen

TaTbirze Cems didvaWar papas, rogorc ekuTvnoda imdeni

fulis patron kacs.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 152)

b) wevr-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli

winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSi:

1. moôã iÙus co Ùoíogå foTol, oStiõ s÷ dok ôalé

co ayovbalagegå `rogorc amas aRar moesxmeba foToli

(aRar Seimoseba foTliT), ise Cemi guli aRar ayvavdeba.~

142

(miqelaZe 2011 – 131)

2. moôã darigbadvi÷ æqmes, u×Stç dinor se yaûCé dadas

`rogorc daerigebina eqims, ise gaekeTebina papaCems.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 144)

3. wkipé vaôoã, moôe xaten ôaTx, u×St deweTx ôox

locadalö `wkipo xar da, rogorc xatis win, ise unda

vilocoT Senze.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)

IV. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebukli winadadeba

mizezis garemoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, rome-

lic asrulebs mTavar winadadebaSi gamotovebuli mizezis

garemoebis rols an kidev xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTi-

Tebeli zmnizediT gadmocemuli mizezis garemoebis zogad

mniSvnelobas. is mogvigebs kiTxvaze: Ĉ? `ratom?~, sten-

ndaîa? `ris gamo?~, ste mizzuv? `ra mizeziT?~

mTavarSi gvxvdeba misaTiTebeli zmnizedebi: isa×né ìmi-

tom~, daxeõ àmitom~, oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gamo~, iÙuûdaîa /

eÙuûdaîa àmis gamo~.

mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars

ZiriTadad mã `rom~ kavSiriT uerTdeba; amave funqciiT

gvxvdeba mimarTebiTi zmnizedebic: Ĉnđ / Ĉnã `ratomac~,

stenndaîaôè `ris gamoc~, ste mizzuvđ `ra mizeziTac~. ore-

novnebis bolo periodSi ukve wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi dava-

fiqsirebT qarTulidan yovelgvari cvlilebis gareSe nases-

xeb raki da radgan kavSirebsac.

143

magaliTad ganvixiloT Semdegi ori qvewyobili winada-

deba:

1. ôamaxeõ yeniã, mac-ma×lnã daraTxé fôeô, raki s÷ dad

tyavoĊĉa×ï Sare daô var daxvretadviené `yvelaze

Raribebi da mSier-mwyurvalebi viyaviT sofelSi, raki

mamaCemi ocdaCvidmet welSi daxvretili iyo.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 163)

2. merabđ, medikè daxeõ daTanxmadalø sox ôaTeõ, mã sogo

×aóù avtoritet ×ar oÙarcø `merabi da mediko imitom

dameTanxmnen maSinve, rom me didi avtoriteti mqonda

imaTTan.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 165)

magaliTad warmodgenil pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi

mTavaria ôamaxeõ yeniã, mac-ma×lnã daraTxé fôeô àyvelaze Ra-

ribebi da mSier-mwyurvalebi viyaviT sofelSi~; damokidebu-

lia raki s÷ dad tyavoĊĉa×ï Sare daô var daxvretadviené

àraki mamaCemi ocda-Cvidmet welSi daxvretili iyo~. damoki-

debuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezis garemoebis kiTxvaze Ā

daraTxé ôamaxeõ yenã, macma×lnã fôeô? àratom viyaviT yvelaze

Raribi da mSier-mwyurvalebi sofelSi?~ da asrulebs mize-

zis garemoebis rols mTavari winadadebis mimarT, romelsac

mizezis garemoeba saerTod ar gaaCnia. CamoTvlili niSnebis

mixedviT irkveva, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba

mizezisgaremoebiTia. amgvar daskvnas mxars uWers wevr-kav-

Siric raki.

meore qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria merabđ, medikè

daxeõ daTanxmadalø sox ôaTeõ àmerabi da mediko imitom dam-

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Tanxmdnen maSinve~. damokidebulia sogo ×aóù avtoritet ×ar

oÙarcø àme didi avtoriteti mqonda maTTan~.

mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs mizezis garemoebis gamom-

xatveli korelati daxeõ ìmitom~.

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezisgaremoebis

kiTxvaze: Ā daTanxmadalø sox merabđ, medikè ôaTeõ? àratom

damTanxmdnen merabi da mediko maSinve?~

damokidebuli winadadeba mizezis garemoebiTia, radgan

is ganmartavs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli

mizezis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas.

mTavarTan maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~ kavSiriT SeerTe-

buli mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba TiTqmis

yovelTvis mTavris momdevno poziciaSia, mTavarSi ki aseve

yovelTvis gvaqvs misaTiTebeli zmnizeda daxeõ ìmitom~ an

oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gamo~. aRniSnuli viTareba saTanadod dafiq-

sirda Cvens mier mizezis garemoebiTi damokidebulis Sem-

cveli qvewyobilis magaliTad ganxilul meore winadadeba-

Si.

roca korelatad gamoyenebuli misaTiTebeli zmnizede-

bi daxeõ ìmitom~ an oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gamo~ mTavari winadade-

bis boloSi moxvdeba, intonaciurad isini damokidebul wi-

nadadebas ekedlebian da vRebulobT rTul kavSirebs: daxeõ

mã ìmitom rom~, oÙuûdaîđ mã ìmis gamo rom~.

magaliTad:

1. marixé coôanna ×a×gnor ×aTxinç, daxeõ mã vaø nax

delir mar vaTxvoCé fstunax `marexi aravis enaxa

145

mtirali, imitom rom Cveni xalxi dascinoda qmris moti-

ral qals.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 130)

2. e Ùeob zora×S saSiS da, oÙuûdaîđ mã zora×Sç kčokrú

daã, gviölomcø ×aóù ôeï Ǥaëfì maq kikel ×aRoCé alznego

ès xevi saSiSia, imis gamo rom Zalian Rrmaa da gvianamde

sqeli zvavi afaria aq alazans, zvavis qveS rom moedineba.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 238)

3. taté ôalé co Ùiínor qokimaq, daxeõ me oÙu×n co

wonalaralé mef÷ wyu×blob, respublikđ wonalaralé

`tato ar amdgariyo fexze, imitom rom imas ar moswonda

Turme mefis wyobileba, respublika moswonda Turme.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 133)

mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic

mTavars wevr-kavSiriT uerTdeba, ZiriTadad mTavris momdev-

no an wina poziciaSi realizdeba. roca am tipis damokidebu-

li winadadeba boloSia, maSin mTavarSi ara gvaqvs misaTiTe-

beli zmnizeda, maSin ki, roca damokidebuli winadadeba Tav-

Sia, mTavarSi TiTqmis yovelTvis gvaqvs korelati daxeõ ìmi-

tom~ an oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gamo~.

magaliTad:

a) mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-

ris momdevno poziciaSi:

1. cèm da×ĉnor lekin, raki bacbđ vaserv ToôSã co

dastralé maqr÷ gerw àraferi gamosvlodaT lekebs,

raki TuSis kacebi ZilSic ar ixsnidnen Turme iaraRs.~

(miqelaZe 2011 – 109)

146

2. o Ta×lza× kawkù voô xaõviené megarmonaä daô ×ow×alø

oÙarx, raki oÙuû mar osi vawur Jex `xurjinSi patara

biWCasmuli megarmonec gahyva imaT, raki imisi qmari iq

dasdevda cxvars.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 137)

3. sonđ co ×aÙmakø krebemaq iS, raki aôa× atiné laíra `mec

ver amoviRe krebaze xma, raki Senc Cumad ideqi.~

b) mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-

ris wina poziciaSi:

1. radgan janmrTelbev qo co wyobado ôù, daxeõ SilReCé

specialbemaq Ǥamdaren may bewã baĉö `radgan janmrTelo-

ba xels ar giwyobs, amitom meore specialobaze swavlas

Tavi unda daanebo.~

2. raki s÷ ya×nç babé vagur Cuô, as na×x ambu×gé daxeõ

ǤefölaTras lark qorTé wonalaS `raki papaCemi eria Sig,

me xalxis laparaks imitom vugdebdi yurs Tavmomwoned.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 152)

3. Sesaferis kab mã co ×ar sogo, daxeõ co ×arasù SabTine

ivseb qu×rwlex `Sesaferisi kaba rom ar mqonoda, imitom

ar viyavi SabaTs iosebis qorwilSi.~

mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

Sua poziciaSi Zalian iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba, ma-

galiTad:

1. ôe biZixø, raki zora×Si buôlak var, ćëmaõ CaÙ ridbalar

`biZaSenisgan, raki Zalian CxubisTavi iyo, yvela Sors

iWerda Tavs.~

147

2. s÷ qorTé, raki zora×Sç ubedur ×arasé, daxeõ yaxeTer

sù `Cemi Tavi, raki Zalian ubeduri viyavi, imitom meco-

deboda.~

V. miznis garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

miznisgaremoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic

xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli zmnizediT gadmo-

cemuli miznis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas, an kidev as-

rulebs miznis garemoebis rols mTavar winadadebasTan mi-

marTebiT.

mTavar winadadebaSi korelatebad gvxvdeba nacvalsaxe-

luri warmoSobis miznis zmnizedebi: isa×né ìmisTvis~ da

oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gulisTvis~. damokidebuli winadadeba pasu-

xobs miznis garemoebis kiTxvebze stenna×né? `risTvis?~,

stenndaîđ? `risi gulisTvis?~, ste miznuv? `ra mizniT?~. mTa-

varTan miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis sakav-

Sirebel saSualebas ZiriTadad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã

`rom / raTa~ warmoadgens, Tumca zogjer amave funqciiT

Segvxvdeba mimarTebiTi zmnizedebic: stenna×nè `risTvisac~,

stenndaîaôè `risi gulisTvisac, ris gamoc~.

magaliTad:

1. Sin-Ùđ deni wye aôé ixor Ùevbi o Tx÷ dad, mã xiv

gamoriyadiené Ĉnaxi vaSđr daquCadoeralé, ôalè

daôralé Txù òr-sam dReSi erTxel Cadioda xevSi

mamaCveni, rom (raTa) wylis gamoriyuli nivTebi

148

moegrovebina da amoetana CvenTvis.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)

2. aôéõ bax÷ eserna vaser Siriq isa×né, mã Tôaqmaq u×íralé

i ×awiCé saqmun `isev wavidnen aqedan kacebi SiraqSi imis-

Tvis, rom (raTa) kvalze dasdgomodnen am mZime saqmes.~


magaliTad dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi

mTavaria Sin-Ùđ deni wye aôé ixor Ùevbi o Tx÷ dad àor-sam

dReSi erTxel Cadioda xevSi mamaCveni~; damokidebulia: mã xiv

gamoriyadiené Ĉnaxi vaSđr daquCadoeralé, ôalè daôralé

Txù àrom / raTa wylis gamoriyuli raRacebi erTad moegro-

vebina da amoetana CvenTvis~.

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis

kiTxvaze: stenna×né ixor Ùevbi Tx÷ dad? àrisTvis Cadioda

xevSi mamaCveni?~

mTavar winadadebaSi korelati ara gvaqvs, ris gamoc da-

mokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs miznis garemobis rols

mTavarTan mimarTebiT, aRniSnulis gamo is miznisgaremoebiT

damokidebul winadadebas warmoadgens.

meore qvewyobili winadadebis mTavaria aôéõ bax÷ eserna

vaser Siriq isa×né àCavidnen isev aqedan SiraqSi kacebi imis-

Tvis~; damokidebulia mã Tôaqmaq u×íralo i ×awiCé saqmun

àrom (raTa) kvalze dasdgomodnen am mZime saqmes~.

mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs korelati: isa×né àimisTvis~.

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis kiT-

xvaze stenna×né bax÷ Siriq vaser aôoõ? àrisTvis Cavidnen ka-

cebi SiraqSi isev?~

149

damokidebuli winadadeba amjerad xsnis da azustebs

mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli miznis garemo-

ebis zogad mniSvnelobas, ris gamoc is miznisgaremoebiTi

damokidebilia.

miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba TiTqmis

yovelTvis mTavris momdevno poziciaSi funqcionirebs, Tum-

ca iSviaTad mTavris wina poziciaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes.

a) miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris

momdevno poziciaSi:

1. zurbes Sarø vaSé ôaWvi÷ koxđx, mã ojx÷ wevri barel÷

ôalé dikralé `zurabma Tavisi Zma gamogzavna kaxeTSi,

rom (raTa) ojaxis wevrebi baridan aeyvana.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 108)

2. vaxenå, o ibos larki daô Tetinå o Cáigo, daôđ ×aôø

naJtri, mã osi Ǥui daô TeSboralé, mã as, Ùoiï SarluCé

feSkrev, Cá bčivnas `adga is ibo da yurebi daaWra im daTvs

da waiRo binaSi, raTa iq daerwmunebina mwyemsebi, rom me,

cameti wlis biWunam, daTvi movkali.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –

120)

3. zurbes oÙu×na×no nifsdor vaSbđx dã-bu×sđ, mã moôeÙda

ojax qokimaq oí×oralé `zurabi dRe-Rames imisTvis as-

worebda, rom rogorme ojaxi fexze wamoeyenebina.~

b) miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli mTavris wina pozi-

ciaSi:

1. misaReb gamocdi mã warmatbiT Cabarbad×orlos, daxeõ

mzadbalaras kerZé uCitlicø `misaRebi gamocdebi rom

150

warmatebiT Camebarebina, imisTvis vemzadebodi kerZo

maswavleblebTan.~

§24. Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba

rogorc win ukve aRvniSneT, Tanamedrove wovaTuSur

enaSi gvaqvs TiTqmis yvela saxis damokidebuli winadadeba,

rac qarTulSi fiqsirdeba, maT Soris Semasmenluri damoki-

debulic.

Semasmenluria damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic xsnis

da ganmartavs mTavari winadadebis Sedgenil SemasmenelSi

nacvalsaxeliT warmodgenili saxeladi nawilis zogad Sina-

arss.

magaliTad:

ôo o vaôé, ôanã se ×aóu×Cé gaWirba gametbiT latdira sù

qo `Sen is xar, vinc Cems did gaWirvebaSi gametebulad

SemaSvele xeli.~

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria ôo o vaôé

àSen is xar~; dmokidebulia ôane se ×aóu×Cé gaWirba gametbiT

latdira sù qo àvinc Cems did gaWirvebaSi gametebiT SemaS-

vele xeli~. mTavari winadadebis Sedgenili Semasmenelia o

vaôé àis xar~, romlis saxeladi nawili o àis~ zogadi Sinaar-

sisaa da moiTxovs axsnas da dakonkretebas. mas daesmis kiT-

xva: m÷ daôé ôo? àvin xar Sen?~, romelzec pasuxs iZleva damo-

kidebuli winadadeba. maSasadame, ganxiluli damokidebuli

winadadeba Semasmenluria.

151

Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadebis Semcveli mTa-

vari wianadadebis Sedgenil SemasmenelSi saxelad nawilad

gvxvdeba Semdegi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e ès~, o ìs~, is

èg~, iStú àseTi~, oStú ìseTi~, iÙnair / eÙnair àmisTana~,

uÙnair ìmisTana~… saxelad nawilad gamoyenebuli CamoT-

vlili nacvalsaxelebi mudmivad saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas.

meSvelad am dros vasé `var~ zmna funqcionirebs sxvadasxva

pirisa, ricxvisa, droisa Tu kilos formiT. aRniSnuli tipis

damokidebul winadadebas mTavarTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebe-

li kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: menđ /

menã `vinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~, molunđ / mu×lnã `rogoric~,

menuxđ `romelic~…

rac Seexeba mTavrisa da Semasmenluri damokidebuli wi-

nadadebis poziciur urTierTmimarTebas, damokidebuli, ro-

gorc wesi, umetes SemTxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars, magram zog-

jer mTavris wina poziciaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes.

magaliTad:

a) Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris mom-

devno poziciaSi:

1. o oStú co va, mã Sarn qo TeĉoCé saqmox uar aĉolé ìs

iseTi araa, rom TavisTvis xelsayrel saqmeze uari

Tqvas.~

2. obi u×Sni ba, ôanã Suø javr coôannđ meyo×é ìsini iseTe-

bi arian, vinc Tavis javrs aravis SearCens.~

3. so oStú ×asé, mu×ĉnã uÙé ×awiCé droô se Jeré nanas

×aÙ×÷sé `me iseTi var, rogoric im Znel droSi Cemma

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qvrivma dedam gamzarda.~

b) Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris wina

poziciaSi:

1. ôannđ ÙeCov ×iené sikeTå daô co ×icla, so o vasé `visac

sxvisi gakeTebuli sikeTe ar aviwydeba, me isa var.~

2. ôanxã sa× qorTixsö TeSes, ôo o vaôé `visac sakuTar

TavsaviT vendobi, Sen isa xar.~

Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba iSviaTad mTav-

ris SuaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes, magaliTad:

so, ôanã bádrole ôo sikvdlex gadarCenadvier, o vasé `me,

vinc bavSvobaSi Sen sikvdils gadagarCina, isa var.~

§25. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

garda iseTi damokidebuli winadadebebisa, romlebic

mTavari winadadebis ama Tu im konkretul wevrs miemarTebian,

wovaTuSur enaSi gvxvdeba mTlianad mTavrisadmi mimarTuli

damokidebuli winadadebebic. am rigis winadadebaTagan Tana-

medrove wovaTuSur enaSi farTo gavrceleba aqvs pirobiT

damokidebul winadadebas.

pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba gadmogvcems piro-

bas, razec aris damokidebuli imis Sesruleba, rac mTavar

winadadebaSia gadmocemuli. am dros damokidebul winada-

debaSi pirobaa dasaxelebuli, mTavarSi ki – Sedegi, ris ga-

moc am tipis rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba pirobiT-Sede-

gobiTis saxeliTac moixsneba.

153

mTavari winadadeba, romelsac pirobiTi damokidebuli

axlavs, daisvams kiTxvas: macö? àrodis? ra SemTxvevaSi?~, ro-

melzec pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli; ZiriTadi kavSiria Tu-

ki.

magaliTad:

zora×Sç nanbadoô, Tuki deniõ dro swavlen co

moÙmarbad×oô `Zalian inaneb, Tuki mTel dros swavlas ar

moaxmar.~

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria zora×Sç nan-

badoô àZalian inaneb~; damokidebulia Tuki deniõ dro swav-

len co moÙmarbad×oô àTuki mTel dros swavlas ar moaxmar~.

damokidebuli pasuxobs pirobiTi damokidebulis kiTxvaze:

macö nanbadoô zora×Sç? àra SemTxvevaSi inaneb Zalian?~

niSandoblivia am mxriv damokidebulSi gamoyenebuli

kavSiric Tuki. mocemuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba piro-

biTia.

kavSiri Tuki Zalian produqtiulia wovaTuSuri enis pi-

robiTi damokidebulis Semcvel rTul qvewyobil winadade-

baSi. aRniSnuli kavSiriani pirobiTi damokidebuli winada-

deba gvxvdeba rogorc mTavris win, ise momdevnod:

magaliTad:

1. as is saqmux qo co Ùawdos, Tuki voô co la×tì sù `me

mag saqmes xels ar movkideb, Tuki biWi ar miSvelis.~

2. Tuki bazre wesier max co ba, as sa× baÙCa pamidor co

doõdoges `Tuki bazarSi wesieri fasi ara aqvs, me Cems

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ezoSi pamidors aRar moviyvan.~

3. as niné qu×rwlex co Ros, Tuki dakreS co ×exosé `me

ninos qorwilSi ar waval, Tu gulianad ar dampatiJebs.~

§26. ukavSiro rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba

rogorc cnobilia, `rTuli ukavSiro winadadebaTa erTi

wyeba azrobriv da struqturulad axlo dgas rTul kavSi-

rian qvewyobil winadadebasTan. am tipis rTuli ukavSiro wi-

nadadebebis erTi nawili mogvagonebs mTavar winadadebas, me-

ore ki damokidebuls, romelic, sazogadod, imave sintaqsur

funqcias asrulebs, rasac kavSiriani damokidebuli winada-

deba~ (kvaWaZe 1966 – 420).

wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebasa Tu werilobiTs

wyaroebSi sakmao sixSiriT funqcionirebs ukavSiro rTuli

qvewyobili winadadeba. es is SemTxvevebia, roca rTuli ukav-

Siro winadadebis erTi nawili mogvagonebs mTavar winadade-

bas, meore ki damokidebuls, romelic ukavSirobis SemTxve-

vaSic imave sintaqsur funqcias asrulebs, rasac saTanado

kavSiriani winadadeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, roca kavSiri gamo-

tovebulia, damokidebuls mTavarTan akavSirebs azrobrivi

mimarTeba da saTanado intonacia. amitomaa, rom Sesaferisi

kavSiris aRdgena cnobierebaSi Zalian advilad, TiTqmis me-

qanikurad xdeba.

magaliTad:

1. oStú lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ, ôeWuS co

155

Ǥapmakralé admenen ìseTi lamazi yofiliyo nefioni (ne-

fe da patarZali), yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme adamia-

ni.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)

mocemul ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi Semavali me-

ore martivi winadadeba xsnis da azustebs pirvel martiv wi-

nadadebaSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliT gadmocemuli gansaz-

Rvrebis zogad mniSvnelobas iseve, rogorc es moxdeboda

kavSiriani daqvemdebarebis SemTxvevaSi:

oStú lamzur levdor nifani Sikeõ, mã ôeWuS co

Ǥapmakralé admenen ìseTi lamzebi yofiliyvnen nefioni

oriveni, rom yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme adamiani.~

2. molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù, ×a×ln×otu×nç

Ǥefweíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa qalisa,

momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~ (miqelaZe 2011

– 110)

meore magaliTSi ukve damokidebuli winadadeba qvemde-

barulia, radgan pasuxobs kiTxvaze qvemdebarisa: Ĉx ×a zo-

rol? àra aris siyoCaRe?~ da asrulebs qvemdebaris rols wi-

namavali mTavari winadadebis mimarT.

saanalizo ukavSiro qvewyobili winadadebis pirvel na-

wilSi SeiZleba CavsvaT korelati o ìs~, xolo meore nawil-

Si kavSiri mã `rom~ gveqneba:

molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù o, mã ×a×ln×otu×nç oS-

tiõ Ǥef-weíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa qalisa

is, rom momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~

156

korelati ganamtkicebs amjerad kiTxvis dasmiT miRe-

bul Cvens daskvnas imis Sesaxeb, rom damokidebuli winadade-

ba mocemul SemTxvevaSi qvemdebarulia.

ukavSiro qvewyobili winadadebis nawilebs Soris Sina-

arsobriv mimarTebas zepirmetyvelebaSi ZiriTadad intona-

cia warmarTavs; amasve emsaxureba winadadebaTa wyoba da

zmnur formaTa urTierTmimarTeba; rac Seexeba werilobiT

wyaroebs, aq mTeli datvirTva sasven niSnebs eniWeba. ukavSi-

ro qvewyobilSi martiv winadadebaTa wyobis gansakuTrebul

rols Sinaarsobriv mimarTebaTa gamoxatvaSi warmoaCens is

garemoeba, rom maTi wyoba myaria da TanamimdevrobaTa Sec-

vlas ar eqvemdebareba: damokidebuli uswrebs an mosdevs

mTavars.

Sinaarsobrivi funqciis mixedviT ukavSiro qvewyobil

winadadebaSi Semavali damokidebuli winadadeba imdenive

saxisaa, rac kavSiriani daqvemdebarebisas dafiqsirda.

gvaqvs:

I. ukavSiro qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba

aseTi damokidebuli winadadeba yovelTvis mosdevs mTa-

vars, romelSic qvemdebare ara gvaqvs saerTod an gadmoce-

mulia nacvalsaxeliT.

magaliTad:

1. wesuR dar, duÙ mezobliđ, naTesviđ côāR ixor laëmì

`wesad iyo, naTesavebi da mezoblebi erTad midiodnen

mTaSi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)

157

2. bacbilo zora×Sç daóù Ǥef dar, mã dadas báder le a×rkç

xaõdoraloã, le ôalé ecralé `wovaTuSebSi didi sir-

cxvili iyo, rom mamas Svili an kalTaSi Caesva, an kidev

xelSi aeyvana.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 201)

orive dasaxelebul qvemdebarul damokidebul winada-

debaSi SeiZleba aRvadginoT kavSiri mã `rom~; rac Seexeba

korelats, meore magaliTSi is warmodgenilia CvenebiTi o

ìs~ nacvalsaxeliT, pirvelSi ki SeiZleba misi aRdgena, gveq-

neba isev o ìs~.

II. ukavSiro pirdapidamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

1. SilReCé deni samsaëxri vax÷Cé tatu×gé

gamocxadbadinor, Tavisufal vaôu×né `meore dRes

samsaxurSi misuli tatosTvis gamoecxadebinaT,

Tavisufali xaro.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 133)

2. alnireCé mamasaxlises fôe vaSbar Ùiblnoer,

davalbadinor, mã yovel ojxer÷ côac yonù voô vewå

bčex vaxana×né àlvnel mamasaxliss sofeli daebarebina

da daevalebina, yoveli ojaxidan TiTo axalgazrda vaJi

unda laSqarSi wavideso.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)

ukavSiro pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

iseve, rogorc qvemdebaruli damokidebuli, yovelTvis

mTavris momdevno poziciaSia. korelati aq TiTqmis yovel-

Tvis gvaklia da uSualod asrulebs damokidebuli winada-

deba pirdapiri damatebis rols mTavari winadadebis Semasme-

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nelTan. yovelTvis SesaZlebelia aRdgena korelatisa da sa-

Tanado kavSirisa.

III. ukavSiro iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

poziciuri Tu struqturuli urTierTmimarTeba mTavar-

sa da damokidebuls Soris aqac iseTive gvaqvs, rogoric

ukavSiro qvemdebaruli Tu pirdapirdamatebiTi damokide-

bulis SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda: ara gvaqvs korelati. damoki-

debuli winadaedba asrulebs iribi damatebis rols mTavar-

Tan mimarTebiT.

magaliTad:

lekiv vatvi÷Cé va×ô nanen co ÙeTmakø, Ĉxa×né Teĉor

eÙumfl÷ SekiTxvi ôaSeR ×eõ÷Cé ucxé fstuûCov `lekebis

mier motacebuli biWis deda ver mixvda, ratom aZlevda

amden SekiTxvas stumrad mosuli ucxo qali.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 120)

IV. ukavSiro ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

ukavSiro ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

TiTqmis yovelTvis moiTxovs korelats, raki mTavris zmna

mis Sesaxeb, qvemdebarisa da sxva saxis damatebaTagan gansxva-

vebiT, raime saxis miniSnebas ar iZleva, anu masSi ar aisaxeba

piris niSnisa Tu klasniSnis saSualebiT.

magaliTad:

159

1. as miCxmaõ oÙuv amyebalas, duÙã, Raz÷ bádri daÙdinas

sa× qveyana×nç `me yvelgan imiT vamayob, bevri da kargi

Svili gavuzarde Cems qveyanas.~

2. oÙux comenđ daklivç, molú Znel da is saqm bolomcø

×ikar `imaze aravin fiqrobs, rogori Znelia mag saqmis

bolomde miyvana.~

orsave magaliTSi damokidebuli winadadeba ubralo da-

matebiTia. niSneulia is garemoeba, rom amjerad orsave mTa-

varSi gvaqvs nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatuli ubralo damateba,

romlis zogad mniSvnelobasac ganmartavs damokidebuli wi-

nadadeba. mTavarSi korelatis qona ganapirobebs imasac, rom

mTavarsa da damokidebul winadadebebs meqanikurad, yovel-

gvari cvlilebis gareSe SeiZleba SevunacvloT adgilebi.

V. ukavSiro gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba saerTod ga-

morCeuli sixSiriT funqcionirebs sxva saxis damokidebul

winadadebaTa Soris, rasac komunikaciis procesSi saganTa

da movlenaTa daxasiaTebis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnadoba

ganapirobebs. wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebasa da weri-

lobiTs ZeglebSi xSiria mTavrisadmi gansazRvrebiTi damo-

kidebuli winadadebis rogorc kavSiriani, ise ukavSiro daq-

vemdebarebis SemTxvevebi.

ukavSirod daqvemdebarebul gansazRvrebiT damokide-

bul winadadebas mTavarSi TiTqmis yovelTvis moepoveba Se-

160

sabamisi korelati, Tumca zogjer ukorelato daqvemdeba-

rebis SemTxvevebic gvaqvs. misaTiTebeli sityvis rols asru-

lebs CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oStú ìseTi~. korelatiani

daqvemdebarebis SemTxvevaSi damokidebuli winadadeba Tavi-

sufal poziciur mimarTebaSia mTavarTan, uswrebs an mosdevs

mas, ukorelato daqvemdebarebis dros ki wyoba qvewyobilSi

Semavali martivi winadadebebisa Seucvlelia da myari.

magaliTad:

1. ×awø ambu× ×a, Txalomcø tyoõ ag-babu×v báder-bádrigé

×efcé `mZime ambavia, dRemde kidev bebia-papebi

SviliSvilebs uyvebian.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 236)

2. i zora×Si kawku×Cé dãR stakgo, wkipu×go, oStú ×aóù

iS lev×or, zurtilnđ tbaTin daô vuRölaTralé àm Zalian

patara tanis kacs, wkipos, iseTi didi xma hqonoda, zuros-

goridan tbaTanaSi gadasZaxoda Turme salaparakod.~ (mi-

qelaZe 2014 – 188)

mocemuli orive rTuli ukavSiro qvewyobili winadade-

bis damokidebuli gansazRvrebiTia. maT Soris struqturul

gansxvavebas qmnis is garemoeba, rom pirvelSi damokidebuli

ukorelatoa, meoreSi ki gvaqvs korelati oStú ìseTi~. aR-

niSnuli gansxvaveba qmnis imis safuZvels, rom pirvelSi Sema-

val martiv winadadebebs adgilebs ver SevucvliT, radgan

aseT SemTxvevaSi damokidebulma SeiZleba sxva funqciuri

datvirTva miiRis; samagierod, aseTi adgilgadanacvleba meo-

re magaliTSi Tavisuflad gakeTdeba, raki aq korelati yvela

poziciaSi zustad gansazRvravs damokidebulis statuss.

161

orive damokidebulSi SeiZleba aRvadginoT erTi da

igive kavSiri mã `rom~, pirveli magaliTis mTavarSi ki gan-

sazRvrebiTi damokidebulis korelati oStú `iseTi~.

VI. ukavSiro droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

ukavSiro drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

wovaTuSurSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba. aseTi mimarTeba mTavarsa

da damokidebuls Soris dasturdeba mxolod iseT gansa-

kuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, roca mTavarsa da damokidebulSi

movlenaTa erTdrouloba an Tanamimdevrobaa gamoxatuli.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc gamotovebuli, damokidebulSi

igulisxmeba kavSiri macnã `roca, rodesac~, mTavarSi ki Se-

iZleba daculi iyos korelati eôaT `maSin~. aseTi konstruq-

ciis ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi damokidebuli mTa-

vars tireTi gamoeyofa.

magaliTad:

1. goCnadvos – vilç sogé s÷ kawkù voô, jarbalđs – eôaTđ

vilç sogé `veferebi – micinis Cemi patara biWi, vuwyrebi

– maSinac micinis.~

2. mTavrbax daxmareb ×ixnas – co lat÷ sù, daô a×tnas –

ojax maclelé Tas×alø sogo `mTavrobas daxmareba vTxo-

ve – ar damexmara, gavCumdi – ojaxi SimSilSi Camivarda.~

saTanado kavSirisa da korelatis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi

orivegan miviRebT drois garemoebiTi damokiedbuli wina-

dadebebis Semcvel trafaretul qvewyobil winadadebebs.

162

VII. ukavSiro viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli

winadadeba

viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli ukavSiro winada-

deba sakmao sixSiriT gvxvdeba wovaTuSur enaSi. am tipis da-

mokidebuli mosdevs an uswrebs mTavars, mTavarSi TiTqmis

yovelTvis gvaqvs misaTiTebeli zmnizeda u×Stç ìse~, SesaZ-

lo kavSirs ki damokidebulSi warmoadgens mã `rom~.

magaliTad:

1. u×St dazæanebad×i÷ setyvas s÷ venaÙ, côa gag qa×nz÷ co

eóobmakø sù ìse daaziana setyvam Cemi venaxi, erTi mteva-

ni yurZeni ver movwyvite.~

2. wyeõ co daxmarbad×almakø sù, u×St daÙdi÷ se ×aôov

côavCov bádri èrTxelac ver davexmare, ise gazarda Cem-

ma gogom martom Svilebi.~

mTavar winadadebaSi mocemuli korelati qmnis myar sa-

fuZvels mTavrisa da damokidebulis poziciaTa Tavisufali

SenacvlebisaTvis, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes meqanikurad, am wi-

nadadebaTa yovelgvari struqturuli cvlilebis gareSe.

VIII. ukavSiro mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

ukavSiro mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

gvxvdeba mTavris wina an momdevno poziciaSi. rogorc yvela

sxva saxis garemoebiTi damokidebuli ukavSiro winadadeba,

mTavarSi is yovelTvis saWiroebs saTanado korelats. aseTi

korelatebia: daxeõ ìmitom~, oÙuûdaîđ ìmis gamo~, êÙ miz-

zuv ìm mizeziT~. saTanado kiTxvebia: Ĉxa×no? `ratom?~,

163

stenndaîđ? `ris gamo?~, ste mizzuv? `ra mizeziT?~. mTavarSi

korelatebis mqoneoba Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs im garemoe-

bas, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad xerxdeba mTavaris mi-

marT damokidebulis poziciaTa cvla.

magaliTad:

daxeõ co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR, merias co lacø sù fe ìmitom ver gavedi arCevnebSi deputatad, meriam

ar damiWira mxari.~ damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezis garemoebis

kiTxvebze: Ĉxa×né co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR? àra-

tom ver gavedi arCevnebze deputatad?~

kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli da xsnis mTavarSi

mocemuli korelatis daxeõ ìmitom~ zogad mniSvnelobas.

CamoTvlili niSnebis mixedviT ganxiluli ukavSiro damoki-

debuli winadadeba mizezis garemoebiTia.

rogorc aRvniSneT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi mTavari da da-

mokidebuli winadadebis struqtura da Sinaarsobrivi ur-

TierTmimarTeba saSualebas iZleva, yovelgvari gardaqmnis

gareSe SevunacvloT maT adgilebi, gveqneba: merias fe co

lacø sù, daxeõ co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR `meriam mxa-

ri ar damiWira, imitom ver gavedi arCevnebSi deputatad.~

IX. ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

rogorc wesi, ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damokiedbu-

li winadadeba mTavarSi yovelTvis saWiroebs korelats. ko-

relatebad gvaqvs oÙu×na×né ìmisTvis~, êÙ miznuv ìm miz-

164

niT~, damokidebuli winadadeba ki pasuxobs kiTxvebs sten-

na×né? `risTvis?~, ste miznuv? `ra mizniT?~

ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damikidebuli winadadeba

gvxvdeba mTavris wina an momdevno poziciaSi. mTavrisa da da-

mikidebulis adgilebis cvla meqanikurad, yovelgvari gar-

daqmnis gareSe xdeba.

magaliTad:

oÙu×na×né nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbđx, ×oô Ǥamdö

sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù `imisTvis vasworeb SromaSi

dRe-Rames, qaliSvilis sazRvargareT saswavleblad

gagzavna minda.~

mocemul ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi damokide-

bulia ×oô Ǥamdö sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù `qaliSvilis sas-

wavleblad sazRvargareT gagzavna minda.~

damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis

kiTxvaze Ĉxa×né nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbax? `ris-

Tvis vasworeb SromaSi dRe-Rames (dRes da Rames)?~

is xsnis da ganmartavs mTavarSi mocemuli korelatis –

oÙu×na×né `imisTvis~ zogad mniSvnelobas. yvela niSnis mi-

xedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba miznisgaremoe-

biTia.

mTavar winadadebaSi mocemuli korelati iZleva SesaZ-

leblobas martivad SevucvaloT pozicia damokidebuls.

gveqneba ×oô Ǥamdö sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù, oÙu×na×né

nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbđx `qaliSvilis saswavleb-

165

lad sazRvargareT gagzavna minda, imisTvis vasworeb Sroma-

Si dRe-Rames.~

X. ukavSiro Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba

Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba saerTod Sez-

Rudul Sinaarsobriv konteqsts moicavs, ris gamoc sxva six-

SiriT funqcionirebs qarTuli enis zepirsa Tu weriTs met-

yvelebaSi. kidev ufro naklebia aRniSnuli tipis damokide-

bul winadadebaTa ukavSirod gamoyenebis SenTxvevebi. moce-

mul sakiTxSi kidev ufro SezRuduli viTareba gvaqvs wova-

TuSurSi, Tumca mainc vxvdebiT aRniSnuli tipis damokide-

bul winadadebaTa mTavarTan ukavSiro SeerTebis erTeul

SemTxvevebs.

magaliTad:

1. so oStú vasé, javr coôannđ ×iTos `me iseTi var, javrs

aravis SevarCen.~

2. eôaT dro oStú ×ar, ôamego ÙeCon latu×la co dar

`maSin dro iseTi iyo, vinmes sxvisi daxmarebis saSualeba

ar hqonda.~

magaliTad, dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadeba-

Si mTavaria so oStú vasé àme iseTi var~, meoreSi ki eôaT dro

oStú ×ar àmaSin dro iseTi iyo.~

korelatis sakiTxs amjerad calke ver davsvamT, radgan

aq, orive mTavar winadadebaSi, Semasmenlis nacvalsaxeliT

gadmocemuli saxeladi nawili asrulebs korelatis rols.

166

gamodis, rom aseTi tipis qvewyobili winadadebis mTavarSi,

rogorc savaldebulo, yovelTvis gvaqvs korelati, romlis

mimarT dasmul kiTxvasac pasuxobs damokidebuli. pirveli

winadadebis damokidebuli pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze molú vasé

so? àrogori var me?~

meore damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxvaa molú dro ×ar

eôaT? àrogori dro iyo maSin?~

orive damokidebuli winadadebas xsnis da akonkretebs

mTavari winadadebis Semasmenlis saxeladi nawilis zogad

mniSvnelobas, anu orive ukavSiro Semasmenluri damokide-

buli winadadebaa.

sainteresoa, rom gvaqvs martiv winadadebaTa daqvemde-

barebis iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca kavSirianTan SedarebiT

stiluri upiratesoba mTavarTan damokidebulis ukavSiro

SeerTebas eZleva.

magaliTad:

1. xkolix bare ×isené ÙSiroS daklevlarasé, oStiõ ka× fex

laíelé tčera×lC lamnicø, le s÷ bádrolsö CaÙ da×xno-

lu×né `zafxulSi barad darCenils xSirad mefiqreboda,

isev ise axlos udganan varskvlavebi mTebs, Tu Cems bavSvo-

basaviT Sors wavidodneno.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)

2. Txđ tyoõ dok epwé s÷ osævô. mSvidaT, TivuS lamnigé co

ôeWmakå sù: ôaTeõ deídalö ixé i s÷ dok `dResac kidev

guli mimiwevs iqiT. mSvidad, mosvenebiT mTebs ver vuyu-

reb: maSinve aCqarebul Zgeras iwyebs es Cemi guli!~ (miqe-

laZe 2014 – 44)

167

Tavi IV.

rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi

§27. ramdenime erTgvari da araerTgvari damokidebuli wina-

dadeba mTavarTan

Cven mier aqamde ganxiluli winadadebaTa daqvemdebare-

bis TiTqmis yvela SemTxveva iseTia, sadac erT mTavars erTi

damokidebuli axlavs. wovaTuSur enaSi, sadac ukve bolom-

de aris damkvidrebuli rTulSi Semaval martiv winadadeba-

Ta daqvemdebarebis mdidari da daxvewili qarTuli sistema,

Tavisufal mimoqcevaSia rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqcie-

bic, sadac erT mTavars ramdenime damokidebuli ukavSirde-

ba.

rogorc cnobilia, rTul winadadebaSi Semavali ramde-

nime damokidebulidan SeiZleba yvela uSualod mTavars

ukavSirdebodes, an kidev gvqondes Tanamimdevruli daqvem-

debareba, roca mTavars axlavs erTi damokidebuli, damoki-

debuls ki Tavisi damokidebuli.

damokidebuli winadadebebi, romlebic saerTo mTavars

ukavSirdeba, ori saxisaa: erTgvari da araerTgvari.

erTgvaria erT mTavarTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime da-

mokidebuli winadadeba, romlebic erTi da imave funqciisani

arian, yvela qvemdebarulia, an gansazRvrebiTi da a. S. aseTi

damokidebuli winadadebebi erTnairad miemarTebian mTavris

erTsa da imave wevrs, an mTlianad mTavar winadadebas.

magaliTad:

168

zezvaû we, raki Sa×rç vaJkacbev daô gaku×rbad×ier qveyanđ,

raki daô gadarCenad×ier kaxiTđ TaTriv aoxrbad×arexø, va×

naxlo daô comacnã ×aë `zezvas saxeli, raki Tavisi vaJka-

cobiT qveyana gaakvirva, raki kaxeTi gadaarCina TaTre-

bisgan aoxrebas, Cvens xalxSi arasodes daikargeba.~

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria zezvaû we va×

naxlo daô comacnã ×aë àzezvas saxeli Cvens xalxSi arasodes

daikargeba~. aq mocemul Semasmenels ori mizezisgaremoebi-

Ti damokidebuli winadadeba axlavs:

1. raki Sa×rç vaJkacbev daô gakvirbad×ier qveyanđ `raki

Tavisi vaJkacobiT gaakvirva qveyana.~

2. raki daô gadarCenad×ier kaxiTđ TaTriv aoxrbad×arexø

`raki gadaarCina kaxeTi TaTrebisgan aoxrebas.~

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli qvewyobili winada-

deba erTgvar damokidebul winadadebiania.

analogiuri viTareba gavqvs Semdeg rTul qvewyobil wi-

nadadebaSic, sadac mTavari winadadebis erT Semasmenels

ori droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wiandadeba ukavSir-

deba:

marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar,

bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or,

doinmaq Ta×lzi ÙoxkøCu×Sv

fsti-bádri laëmì mã ôalo Ùelor

`ra kargi iyo maSin,

TuSebi TuSurad rom laparakobdnen,

cxenebze xurjinebakidebulebs

169

col-Svili mTaSi rom mihyavdaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 194)

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: marā Raznđ

moõ eôaT dar àmaSin iyo ra kargi~.

mTavar winadadebaSi mocemul korelats eôaT àmaSin~

ganmarteba-dazustebisaTvis axlavs ori drois garemoebiTi

damokidebuli winadadeba:

I. bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or `TuSebi TuSurad rom

laparakobdnen.~

II. doinmaq Ta×lzi ÙoxkøCu×Sv fsti-bádri laëmì mã

ôalo Ùelor `cxenebze xurjinebakidebulebs, col-Svi-

li mTaSi rom mihyavdaT.~

rogorc analizma gviCvena, mTavari winadadebis erT

wevrs amjerad ori droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wina-

dadeba axlavs, anu es damokidebuli winadadebebi erTgvaria.

roca damokidebuli winadadebebi erTgvaria anu erTma-

neTis mimarT Tanwyobilia, isini xSirad maerTebeli kavSiriT

uerTdebian erTmaneTs.

magaliTad:

o adgil, miCôã wa deweTx Tagdanã, miCôã dđxö deweTx xabJö,

fôeqorTix ×a `is adgili, sadac saxli unda avaSenoT da

sadac unda davbinavdeT, soflis TavSia.~

aq mTavari winadadebis erT wevrs (o adgil `is adgili~)

axlavs ori gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, rom-

lebic, rogorc Tanwyobilni, `da~ kavSiriT aris SeerTebu-

li.

170

erT mTavarTan dakavSirebuli damokidebuli winadade-

bebi araerTgvarovania, roca isini sxvadasxva tipisani arian,

an mTavris sxvadasxva wevrs miemarTebian.

magaliTad:

1. Jagné, menxê dudax icnas, uÙé admenev qebadi÷ sogé, menã

zora×Sç xeïiné da `wigni, romelic weRan viyide, im ada-

mianma miqo, vinc Zalian nakiTxia.~

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: Jagné uÙé ad-

menev qebadi÷ sogé `wigni im adamianma miqo.~ mocemul mTavar

winadadebas axlavs ori gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli wina-

dadeba; pirveli: menxê dudax icnas àromelic weRan viyide~;

da meore: menã zora×Sç xeïiné da àromelic Zalian nakiTxia~.

miuxedavad erTtipiurobisa, es damokidebuli winadadebebi

araerTgvaria, radgan isini mTavari winadadebis sxvadasxva

wevrebs miemarTebian. es wevrebia Jagné `wigni~ da uÙé `im~.

rogorc aRvniSneT, damokidebuli winadadebebi araer-

Tgvaria maSinac, roca isini erTsa da imave wevrs miemarTebi-

an, magram sxvadasxva tipisani arian.

magaliTad:

I. momxseneblegé yuradRebiT lark Ǥu×fnoôra×Sç,

ueWvelaT datyobadora×Sç, mã moxseneb zepiraT ×ar

Ǥam×iené `momxseneblisTvis yuradRebiT rom mogesminaT,

ueWvelad SeatyobdiT, rom moxseneba zepirad hqonda

daswavlili.~

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavari wiandadebaa

ueWvelaT datyobadora×Sç àueWvelad SeatyobdiT~.

171

mas axlavs ori damokidebuli:

1. momxseneblegé yuradRebiT lark Ǥu×fnoôra×Sç

`momxseneblisTvis yuradRebiT rom mogesminaT.~

2. mã moxseneb zepiraT ×ar Ǥam×iené `rom moxseneba zepi-

rad hqonda daswavlili.~

mocemuli damokidebuli winadadebebi araerTgvaria, imi-

tom rom isini sxvadasxva tipisani arian: pirveli pirobiTi da-

mokidebulia, meore ki pirdapir damatebiTi damokidebuli.

II. sanam eÙus defciné defcu×cas, ohđ dewes Sug aĉö, mã

×uymaí xkulix ×ar e ambu× `sanam amis moyolils

movyvebode, isic unda giTxraT, rom Sua zafxuls iyo es

ambavi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 77)

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi gvaqvs agreTve erT

mTavarTan Sewyobili ori damokidebuli winadadeba;

mTavaria: ohđ dewes Sug aĉö àisic unda giTxraT~.

damokidebuli:

1. sanam eÙus defciné defcu×cas àsanam amis monayols

movyvebi~.

2. mã ×uymaí xkulix ×ar e ambu×ã àrom Sua zafxulSi mox-

da es ambavi~.

mocemuli damokidebuli winadadebebi mTavris erTsa da

imave wevrs – Semasmenels – miemarTeba, magram isini araer-

Tgvaria, radgan sxvadasxva tipisani arian: erTi drois gare-

moebiTia, meore ki – pirdapir damatebiTi.

172

§28. Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebareba

damokidebuli winadadebebis Tanamimdevruli daqvemde-

bareba gvaqvs maSin, roca mTavris damokidebuls Tavisi da-

mokidebuli axlavs, damokidebulis damokidebuls Tavisi

damokidebuli da a. S. am gziT iqmneba daqvemdebarebis kibise-

buri saxe: winadadeba, romelic erTi winadadebis mimarT da-

mokidebulia, meoris mimarT aris mTavari da es wesi grZel-

deba bolomde.

magaliTad:

ibos as bčevøCé Cáigo larki daô Tetø, mã bini ôoralé,

miCôã mwyemsi darwmunbadbor se simarTlex `ibom Cem mok-

lul daTvs yurebi daaWra, rom (raTa) binaSi waeRo, sa-

dac mwyemdebs daarwmunebda Cems simarTleSi.~ (miqelaZe

2014 – 120)

mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria pirveli wina-

dadeba ibos as bčevøCé Cáigo larki daô Tetø `ibom Cem mok-

lul daTvs yurebi daaWra.~

mTavarzea damokidebuli meore winadadeba mã bini

ôoralé `rom (raTa) binaSi mietana.~ es damokidebuli wina-

dadeba miznis garemoebiTia, radgan pasuxobs miznis garemoe-

bis kiTxvaze da asrulebs miznis garemoebis rols mTavris

SemasmenelTan.

meore damokidebuli winadadebaa: miCôã mwyemsi darwmun-

badbor se simarTlex `sadac mwyemsebs daarwmunebda Cems si-

marTleSi.~ es damokidebuli winadadeba ukve eqvemdebareba

pirvel damokidebul winadadebas, radgan asrulebs garkve-

173

uli wevris (miznis garemoebis) rols swored pirveli damo-

kidebulis SemasmenelTan. cxadia, amjerad daqvemdebareba

Tanamimdevrulia.

Tanamimdevrulad daqvemdebarebuli winadadebebis ric-

xvi SeiZleba orze metic iyos. magaliTad:

samsaëxrel÷ Cu ×eõené gakvirbad×a×lné ×is÷sé, macnã

ojxe oStú nax bčardax÷ sù, ôanxinđ bčđ CaÙ ridbalaras,

raki oÙarx duÙ moČø Ĉm xaw÷dar sù, vuxã daô coôanã

leWydoger `samsaxuridan dabrunebuli gakvirvebuli

davrCi, roca ojaxSi iseTi xalxi damxvda, visac yovel-

Tvis veridebodi, raki maTs Sesaxeb bevri cudi msmenmo-

da, rasac aRaravin malavda.~

mocemuli qvewyobili winadadeba xuTi martivi winada-

debisgan Sedgeba, romelTa Soris mTavaria samsoëxrel÷ Cu

×eõené gakvirbad×a×lné ×is÷sé àsamsaxuridan dabrunebuli

gakvirvebuli davrCi~.

mTavari winadadebis damokidebulia (I xarisxis damoki-

debulia) macnã ojxe oStú nax bčardax÷ sù àroca ojaxSi

iseTi xalxi damxvda~.

I xarisxis damokidebuli winadadebis damokidebuli wi-

nadadebaa, anu II xarisxis damokidebulia ôanxinđ bčđ CaÙridba-

laras àvisac yovelTvis veridebodi~.

III xarisxis damikidebulia raki oÙarx duÙ moČø Ĉm

xaw÷dar sù àraki maT Sesaxeb bevri cudi msmenmoda~.

IV xarisxis damikidebulia Ĉxã daô coôanã leWydoger

àrasac aRaravin malavda~.

174

Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebarebis dros erTmaneTis mom-

devno sxvadasxva xarisxis damokidebul winadadebebs Soris

iseTive mimarTeba gvaqvs, rogoric gvaqvs mTavarsa da mis da-

mokidebuls Soris. magaliTad, mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirve-

li xarisxis damokidebuli winadadeba damokidebulia mTav-

ris mimarT, magram mTavaria meore xarisxis damokidebulis

mimarT. meore xarisxis damokidebuli winadadeba mTavaria mi-

esame xarisxis damokidebulis mimarT da a. S.

§29. Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba

iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, wovaTuSurSic xSirad vxvde-

biT erTdrouli Tanwyobisa da qvewyobis Semcvel rTul wi-

nadadebebs. iseT rTul winadadebas, sadac Tanwyobac gvaqvs

da qvewyobac, Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba hqvia. aRniS-

nuli tipis rTulSi Semavali Tanwyobili winadadebis nawi-

lebi erTmaneTs uerTdeba majgufebeli an mapirispirebeli

kavSirebiT, rogoricaa: ã `da~, mđ `magram~, xoloT `xolo~…

zogjer maTive ukavSiro SeerTebac gvxvdeba.

magaliTad:

duxane co Ǥeda×xknor obi u×sã, ukve ukanasknel

sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes, macnã maq leki

ÙiTnor `didxans ara msxdariyvnen isini iq-da ukve

ukanasknel sadRegrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada, roca

zed lekebi dasxmodnen~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 109)

175

mocemuli magaliTi sam martiv winadadebas aerTianebs,

esenia:

1. duxane co Ǥeda×xknor obi u×sç `didxans ara

msxdariyvnen isini iq.~

2. ukve ukanasknel sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes `uk-

ve ukanasknel sadregrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada.~

3. macnã maq leki ÙiTnor `roca Tavs lekebi dasxmod-

nen.~

CamoTvlili martivi winadadebebidan rTulis Semadgen-

lobaSi pirveli ori Tanwyobis gziTaa erTmaneTTan SeerTe-

buli da orSemadgenlian Tanwyobil winadadebas qmnian. rac

Seexeba mesame martiv winadadebas, is, rogorc drois gare-

moebiTi damokidebuli, daqvemdebarebiTs mimarTebaSia Tan-

wyobili winadadebis meore nawilidan. gvaqvs Tanadrouli

Tanwyobac da daqvemdebarebac, ris gamoc ganxiluli rTuli

winadadeba Sereuli saxisaa.

wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebisa Tu werilobiTs

wyaroebSi gvxvdeba Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadebis kom-

ponentTa poziciuri urTierTmimarTebis iseTi saxeebic, ro-

ca qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis pirveli na-

wili, an qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore

nawili, an kidev misive orive nawili.

magaliTad:

I. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore na-

wili:

1. iÙu×godolø samudmoT daô a×tnor ×oô, levö mđ u×S

176

daô eSarva×lnor, mã saswafoT donn xaõené tyu×ô

vowva×lnor mdevrex àmis mere samudamod gaCumebuliyo

qali, levani ki ise gagiJebuliyo, rom cxenze Semomjda-

ri saswrafod ukan gamosdevneboda mdevars.~ (miqelaZe

2011 – 110)

2. dodoSeõ fsarlè xiĉenå, ǤambarCå daô gubaĉ÷Cé mdev-

rin dagø, mã o Sobigo osi wariS akur àmasobaSi moRamda

da alaznisTavSi gadaCenilma mdevarma dainaxa, rom im

fSavlebs iq cecxlebi enToT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 20)

dasaxelebuli Sereuli saxis rTuli Tanwyobili winada-

debebidan pirveli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawili Se-

icavs viTarebisgaremoebiT damokidebul winadadebas, meore

Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawils ki eqvemdebareba pir-

dapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

II. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis pirveli

nawili:

magaliTad:

1. xeïralé ×aôox nanas, xum comenđ vewå ôùna×né, mđ ×oô ×ux

co livralé àekiTxeboda Turme gogos deda, xom aravin

giyvarso, magram gogo ar pasuxobda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

107)

2. buôexø vux co verwma×kCe, lazrego bádri bádé disé,

sogo mđ jer báder co da×cç òmidan Tu ver dabrunda,

lazars Svilebi oblad darCeba, me ki xom jer Svili ara

myavs.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)

177

magaliTebad dasaxelebul orsave rTul winadadebaSi

damokidebuli axlavs Tanwyobili winadadebis pirvel na-

wils. damokidebuli winadadeba pirvel SemTxvevaSi pirdapir

damatebiTia, meore SemTxvevaSi ki – pirobiTi.

III. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis orive na-

wili.

magaliTad:

1. Txa ×a wyegeõ ×awø mdgomareob va× maïgo daxeõ, mã

yùCu×Sn axnaõ co makegå va×ReS ambu× ×ö, ôanna mđ miTom

ÙeTå e vaø mott, ÙeCna×raT duÙ Secdomi Svebad×o `dRes

aqvs nametani mZime mdgomareoba Cvens enas imitom, rom

axalgazrdebis naxevarsac ki aRar SeuZliaT Cveneburad

laparaki, xolo vinc viTom icis, Zalze bevr Secdomas

uSvebs.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 105)

2. sù zora×Sç gaku×rbadalø, mã akademikos SaniZen sox

RaziS ÙeTer vaø moï, o mđ niko Ziegé verwø ku×xraT, mã

yùCu×Sv zora×S yiul baxraTx Txaø moï `me Zalian

gamikvirda, rom akademikosma SaniZem Cemze kargad icoda

Cveni ena, man ki Zia nikos SesCivla qarTulad, rom

axalgazrdebi Zalian vaRaribebdiT sakuTar enas.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 109)

magaliTebad dasaxelebuli Sereuli saxis orsave rTul

winadadebaSi gvaqvs erTdrouli Tanwyobac da qvewyobac.

Tanwyobili winadadebebi orivegan orSemadgenliania, ro-

melTagan TiToeuls axlavs TiTo damokidebuli winadadeba.

pirvel magaliTSi gvaqvs mizezis garemoebiTi da qvemdeba-

178

ruli damokidebuli winadadebebi, meoreSi ki – qvemdebaru-

li da pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli wiandadebebi.

cxadia, Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba SeiZleba Sei-

cavdes ara mxolod orSemadgenlian Tanwyobil winadadebas,

aramed sam- da metSemadgenliansac iseve, rogorc SeiZleba

meti iyos Tanwyobili winadadebis TiToeul Semadgenelze

damokidebuli wiandadebebis ricxvic.

zogjer iseTi SemTxvevebic gvaqvs, roca Tanwyobili wi-

nadadebis orsave nawils erTi saerTo daqvemdebarebuli wi-

nadadeba gaaCnia.

magaliTad:

oStú lamzur lev×or winusgo bčarkiã, oStú dard

laíralé Cuô, mã aRelbadvaløCé miqlego deR

la×stnor `iseTi lamazi hqonoda patarZals Tvalebi da

iseTi dardi mdgariyo Sig, rom aRelvebul miqels tani

Sehqaneboda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 30)

mocemul SemTxvevaSi saerTo damokidebuli winadadeba

gansazRvrebiTia. niSneulia amjerad is garemoeba, rom Tan-

wyobili winadadebis orsave nawilSi gvaqvs damokidebulis

korelati oStú àiseTi~.

179

Tavi V.

winadadebaTa qvewyobis

arqauli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi

§30. sakiTxis zogadi mimoxilva

rogorc wina TavebSi ganvixileT, Tanamedrove wovaTu-

Sur enaSi srulad dafisqirda martiv winadadebaTa daqvem-

debarebis yvela is tipuri SemTxveva, rac Tanamedrove qar-

TulSi gvaqvs; maTematikuri sizustiT aris gadmoRebuli

kavSiriani Tu ukavSiro qvewyobis maorganizebeli korela-

tebi Tu kavSirebi da wevr-kavSirebi, Sonaarsobrivi Tu in-

tonaciuri mimarTeba mTavarsa da damokidebuls Soris, mar-

tivi, erTsafexuriani qvewyobisa Tu rTuli, mravalsafexu-

riani qvewyobis modelebi.

mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul yu-

radRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom, miuxedavd wovaTuSuri

enis martiv winadadebaTa qvewyobis axali modelebis sruli

Sesatyvisobisa qarTuli enis saTanado modelebTan, am mo-

delTa maorganizebeli masala: korelatebi, kavSirebi Tu

wevr-kavSirebi – yvela, garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa, msesxe-

belma enam sakuTari leqsikuri inventaridan awarmova qar-

Tuli standartis mixedviT. am movlenas safuZvlad, cxadia,

wyaro enis gavlenisgan msesxebeli enis Tavdacvis instinqti

udevs. aRniSnuli faqtidan kargad ikveTeba is garemoebac,

rom enobrivi gavlenebi ZiriTadad saazrovno modelTa gar-

180

daqmnas emsaxureba, saorganizacio masala ki teqnikuri mom-

saxurebis rigiT samuSaos asrulebs mxolod.

wovaTuSurSi dRes martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebare-

bis ori sistema moqmedebs paralelurad: sakuTari da qarTu-

lidan SeTvisebuli. qarTuli sistema aqtiur momiqcevaSia am

enaze mosaubreTa Soris, sakuTari ki daviwyebas eZleva swo-

red nasesxebi sistemis aqtiuri zegavleniT.

zemoT, martiv winadadebaTa qvewyobis sakiTxebze msje-

lobisas, Cven davaxasiaTeT wovaTuSurSi farTod moqmedi

daqvemdebarebis qarTuli sistema, axla ki imave daqvemdeba-

rebis sakuTriv wovaTuSur sistemas SevexebiT. winaswar aR-

vniSnavT, rom es araa bolomde Camoyalibebuli da dasrule-

buli sistema qvewyobisa, es martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdeba-

rebis didi xnis win dawyebuli, magram daumTavrebeli nage-

bobaa, romlis Semdgom sruloqmnisa da gafarToebis xeli

SeuSala qarTuli enis mza, mravlismomcvelma sistemam. yvelaze didi Tavisebureba daqvemdebarebis Zveli sis-

temisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mTavari da damokidebuli wi-

andadebebis zmnur formaTa funqciur urTierTobas calke,

damokidebul sityvebad warmodgenili kavSiri da korelati

ki ar gansazRvravs, aramed zmnis konkretuli aspeqtisa Tu

drois formaze darTuli maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebi. Tana-

medrove wovaTuSur enaSi sul ramdenime aseTi sufiqsi fun-

qcionirebs. esenia: -S, -Ce, -ô, - ôer, -Cu×, -Ceôer. maTze day-

rdnobiT xdeba organizeba sami saxis damokidebuli winada-

debisa, rogoricaa: droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wian-

181

dadeba, mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da pi-

robiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis sakuTriv wovaTu-

Suri sistemis siZveles cxadyofs ramdenime garemoeba:

I. aRniSnuli saxiT is dRes aqtiurad funqcionirebs wo-

vaTuSuris uaxloesad monaTesave CeCnursa da inguSur eneb-

Si;

II. wovaTuSuri enis winadadebaTa qvewyobis sakuTari sis-

temis yvelaze Zvel modelSi, rogoricaa droisgaremoebiTi

damokidebuli winadadeba, Semasmenlebi monacvleoben ara

drois, aramed aspeqtis mixedviT.

samecniero literaturaSi dadgenilad iTvleba ukve is

garemoeba, rom, rogorc gramatikuli kategoria, aspeqti

uswrebda dros. mocemul sakiTxze vrclad msjelobs prof.

z. WumburiZe. mkvlevari askvnis, rom: `drois gramatikuli

kategoriis Camoyalibebas win uswrebda aspeqti: diuratiu-

li da momentobrivi. es ori aspeqti safuZvlad daedo ori

drois, awmyosa da warsulis, garCevas, momavali dro ki Se-

darebiT gvian gamoiyo~ (WumburiZe 1986 – 3).

daqvemdebarebis aRniSnuli sistemis siZveles CeCnuri

enis masalaze dayrdnobiT adasturebs prof. n. iakovlevi:

`Подчинение придаточных предложений с помощью особых

глагольных форм, которые мы назвали придаточными формами сказуемого, представляет собою более древнее явление в языке, чем подчинение их с помощю относительных союзов и местоимений~ (iakovlevi 1940 – 178).

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§31. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom Tanamedrove wovaTuSur enaSi

daqvemdebarebis Zveli sistema sami saxis damokidebul wina-

dadebas moicavs, gvaqvs: droisgaremoebiTi, mizezisgaremoe-

biTi da pirobiTi damokidebuli wiandadebebi. droisgaremo-

ebiT damokidebul winadadebas konkretuli viTarebis mi-

xedviT ori sxvadasxva sufiqsi gamoxatavs, esenia: -Ce da -ô.

ganvixilavT TiToeul maTgans cal-calke.

maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsi `-Ce~ ZiriTadad droul mimar-

Tebas gamoxatavs mTavar winadadebaSi gadmocemuli moqme-

debis mimarT, magram sakmaod xSirad pirobasac gadmogvcems

imave mTavarSi gadmocemuli moqmedebisa,

gvaqvs: -Ce 1. àmaSin, roca~; 2. àmaSin, Tu~.

Sdr.:

1. niké veõ-Ce, so u×sç varasé `niko roca movida, ǩmaSinǪ me

iq viyavi.~

2. niké veõ-Ce, as u×s co vaRos `niko Tu mova, ǩmaSinǪ me iq

ar moval.~

sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom mocemuli sagaremoebo

sufiqsi daerTvis zmnis mxolod srulaspeqtiani formebis

fuZes da gamoxatavs moqmedebis srul aspeqts drois gareSe.

Sesabamisad, rogorc zmnis srulaspeqtian formas, mas SeuZ-

lia gamoxatos mxolod ori dro: warsuli da momavali; xo-

lo is, Tu am ori droidan romelia gamoxatuli zmnis -Ce-su-

fiqsiani formiT, zustdeba mTavari winadadebis zmnis drois

mixedviT: dasaxelebuli ori droidan isaa damokidebuli wi-

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nadadebis zmnis dro, ra drocaa gamoxatuli mTavari winada-

debis zmniT.

Sdr.:

1. niké veõ-Ce, so u×sç varasé `niko roca movida, ǩmaSinǪ me

iq viyavi.~

2. niké veõ-Ce, asđ u×sç xiĉas `niko roca mova, ǩmaSinǪ mec

iq viqnebi.~

rogorc es TargmanebSi gamoixata, zmnis erTma da imave

formam (veõCe) konkretuli viTarebis mixedviT anu mTavari

winadadebis zmnis drois mixedviT ori sxvadasxva dro gamoi-

xata: warsuli da momavali.

dgeba kiTxva: riT avsebs ena damokidebuli winadadebis

Riad darCenili axlandeli drois formebs? sagulisxmoa,

rom es xdeba imave moqmedebis aRmniSvneli zmnis usruli as-

peqtis formebze dayrdnobiT, axla ukve am formas daerTvis

maqvemdebarebeli afiqsi. zogadenaTmecnieruli Tvalsazri-

siT sainteresoa is garemoebac, rom imave zmnis usruli as-

peqtis formebs maqvemdebarebeli funqciiT sul sxva saniSno

sufiqsi daerTvis, esaa -S.

magaliTad:

nan samsoxrel÷ ×aRo-S, as sanigo bčarixas `deda

samsaxuridan roca modis, ǩmaSinǪ me karebTan vxvdebi.~

mocemuli -Ce da -S sufiqsiani magaliTebis Sedareba

naTlad warmoaCens im garemoebas, rom wovaTuSurSi aspeqtis

mixedviT erTmaneTs upirispirdeba erTi da imave zmnis gan-

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sxvavebuli fuZeebi, anu sruli da usruli aspeqtis gamom-

xatveli fuZeebi.

aRniSnuli aspeqtobrivi dapirispireba damokidebuli

winadadebis sxvadasxva drois formebs Soris gansakuTrebiT

naTlad iCens Tavs, roca saanalizod qarTulidan nasesxeb

zmniswinian formebs viRebT. aseTi dakvirvebis saSualebas

gvaZlevs is garemoeba, rom wovaTuSurma enam qarTulidan

nasesxebi auarebeli zmnis zmniswinian da uzmniswino formeb-

ze dayrdnmobiT aspeqtis gamoxatvis sakuTari sistemis para-

lelurad gaiTavisa da nasesxebi zmnebisaTvis dauSva aspeq-

cis gamoxatvis qarTuli, zmniswinze agebuli sistema.

magaliTad:

1. as davaleb dawerad×iCe, nan Cuô ×ar `me davaleba

davwere-roca, deda Sin iyo.~

2. as davaleb dawerad×iCe, nan Cuô xiĉì `me davalebas

davwer-roca, deda Sin iqneba.~

3. as davaleb werad×oS, nan sù fenix Ǥe×aRå `me davalebas

vwer-roca, deda CemTan axlos zis.~

4. as davaleb werad×oS, nan sù fenix Ǥe×aRer `me davale-

bas vwerdi-roca, deda CemTan axlos ijda.~

dasaxelebul magaliTebSi yuradRebas iqcevs is garemo-

eba, rom nasesxeb `dawera~ zmnaSi sruli da usruli aspeqtis

formebi qarTuli sistemiT, anu zmniswinis darTva-daurTve-

lobiT upirispirdeba erTmaneTs. mravlismetyvelia is faq-

tic, rom erTi da igive forma nasesxebi zmnisa dawerad×iCe

mTavari winadadebis zmnis drois mixedviT erT SemTxvevaSi

185

srul aspeqtian warsul drod gaiazreba, meore SemTxvevaSi

ki isev srulaspeqtiani momavali drois gagebas iZleva. rac

Seexeba imave zmnis meore formas werad×oS, is usruli aspeq-

tis fuZes eyrdnoba da erT SemTxvevaSi rom axlandel dro-

is gamoxatavs, meore semTxvevaSi usrulaspeqtiani warsuli

drois formad gaiazreba.

rogorc vxedavT, damowmebuli qarTuli zmnis magali-

TebSi damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis aspeqtisa da drois

gamoxatvis sistema najvaria anu hibridulia:

I. qarTulia is, rom aspeqti zmniswiniT gamoixateba;

II. wovaTuSuria is, rom damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis

dro mTavari winadadebis zmnis droiT ganisazRvreba, iseve

rogorc es xdeboda am enis sakuTari zmnebis SemTxvevaSi.

sainteresoa, rom Cven mier mocemul sakiTxebze faqtob-

rivi masalis mosaZieblad aRebul wovaTuSuri teqstebis

orsave tomSi sxva saxis damokidebul winadadebebTan Seda-

rebiT yvelaze meti sixSiriT swored drois garemoebiTi da-

mokidebuli winadadeba dafiqsirda, Tanac umetesoba maTgan

sayrdeni Semasmenlebis -Ce sufiqsian warsuli drois forme-

biT aris realizebuli. maTma saerTo ricxvma orsave tomSi

36-s miaRwia qarTuli modeliT agebuli imave Sinaarsis 8

drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis sapirispi-

rod.

vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli Sinaarsis damokidebulis Semcve-

li qvewyobili winadadebebis simravle werilobiT wyaroeb-

Si imiT unda aixsnas, rom maTSi Setanili mTliani masala wo-

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vaTuSebis ganvlil cxovrebas anu warsul dros asaxavs da

Txrobac ZiriTadad warsul droSi xdeba; sakiTxavia oRond,

enaSi ukve farTod damkvidrebuli gamocalkevebul-kavSi-

riani qarTuli modelis damokidebuli winadadebebis gver-

diT ras unda gamoewvia imave Sinaarsis sagaremoebo-sufiq-

siani damokidebuli winadadebebis gverdiT ras unda gamoew-

via imave Sinaarsis sagaremoebo-sufiqsiani damokidebuli

winadadebebis simravle? amisi erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi,

vfiqrobT, tradicia unda iyos, meore mizezad ki, albaT, is

unda CaiTvalos, rom damokidebuli winadadebis aseTi for-

mebi sametyvelo droisa da energiis ekonomiis Tvalsazri-

siT aSkarad momgebiania.

saanalizo werilobiTi wyaroebidan amoRebuli qarTu-

li modelis droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis

Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis magaliTebi wina

TavSi gvaqvs damowmebuli saTanado msjelobasTan dakavSi-

rebiT. amjerad davasaxelebT -Ce sufiqsiani droisgaremoe-

biTi damokidebulis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebis maga-

liTebs imave wovaTuSuri teqstebidan: damokidebuli us-

wrebs, an mosdevs mTavars:

magaliTad:

I. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba uswrebs

mTavars.

1. aTx ôalé ayradba×l-Ce, maTx a×rTvö daô bagbanor

lastené `Cven rom aviyareniT, mze ukve sakmaod iyo

gadaxrili.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 27)

187

2. baxtrilné as aôé guva×ĉ-Ce, nata vaCnaZe ×eõ÷ sworeT

eôaTaW `baxtrionSi me-roca CavaRwie, nata vaCnaZe movida

swored maSin.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 75)

3. aTx guba×ĉ-Ce xaxkøCé doiv, naxv niy baĉø Txù `Cven

gamovCndiT-roca gaWenebuli cxeniT, xalxma gza mog-

vca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 196)

4. ôalé Ùií-Ce, Cili toti ×axiTienå baxos, qaRaldđ ow-

di÷ ôalé àdga-roca, ubeSi xelebi Caiyo baxvam da qa-

Raldi amoiRo.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 28)

5. universitet daô damTavrbad×i-Ce, dixnor profesriv

tatox osi včiõar ùniversiteti daamTavra-roca, eTxo-

vaT profesorebs tatosTvis iq darCena.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

132)

6. Si bacav naymaq Cu u×í-Ce, bu×nReS ×ociTva× ambua òri

TuSi gzaze gavCerdebiT-roca, qarTulad viwyebT aki

laparaks.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 105)

7. u×sr÷ dux dirw-Ce, nax ukve qastlaS dotur ìqidan

gamobrundnen-roca, xalxi ukve swrafad modioda.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 179)

8. asđ Cu xaõnas… so ×a×g-Ce, ma daklav, leõ sù Tivö `mec

davjeqi… daminaxav-roca, nu ifiqreb, dasveneba minda.~


9. iČlR÷ klas damTavrbad×i-Ce, mar vinas `mecxre klasi

davamTavre-roca, qmari SevirTe.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 78)

188

10. lamni dakdaxk-Ce, s÷ doka× daS, moôã warmaq daí÷ `mTe-

bi gamaxsenda-roca, Cemi guli dneba, rogorc cecxlze

erbo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 83)

II. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mosdevs

mTavars.

1. ôo ×agar deniõ Ùenaõ da: gaëgđx Cu vexosé, ôo ×a×g-Ce

`Seni danaxva sul sxvaa: muxlebi merTmeva, daginaxav-ro-

ca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 97)

2. fsarlè lev×oralé, obi alu×nç ôalé Ùa×C-Ce `saRamo

yofiliyo, imaT miaRwies-roca alvans.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –

120)

3. tye×xwlReCé saukun÷ bolé levbor, rusiT-TurqiTaû

buô bolba×l-Ce `mecxramete saukunis bolo yofiliyo,

ruseT-TurqeTis omi daiwyo-roca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)

4. matr÷ dro miCux xiĉur jer, aTx nayn u×í-Ce `sadilis

dro sad iqneboda jer, Cven gzas davadeqiT-roca.~ (miqe-

laZe 2014 – 26)

mTavrisa da droisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis pozici-

uri mimarTebis ganxiluli ori wyobidan, rogorc sailus-

tracio winadadebebis raodenobrivi Sefardeba gviCvenvri-

sebs, didi sixSiruli sxvaobiT upiratesoba eniWeba pirvels.

sagulisxmoa, rom damokidebuli winadadebis mTavris wina

poziciis dasaxelebuli aTi magaliTis garda, bevri darCa sa-

analizo teqstebSi iseTi, romelTa damowmebac kidev Tavi-

suflad SeiZleboda, mTavris momdevnmo poziciaSi ki imave

189

saxis damokidebuli mxolod damowmebul oTx magaliTSi da-

dasturda.

rogorc zeviT ukve aRvniSneT, droisgaremoebiTi damo-

kidebuli winadadebis usrul aspeqtian zmnebSi imave Sinaar-

sis daqvemdebareba sufiqsi -S gamoxatavs. gvaqvs, magaliTad:

1. as disertacia dacod×o-S, laraõ burWulaZe genadis

gagua rusudn÷ recenzia cu× xaïø se disertacienmaq! `me

disertacias vicavdi-roca, uceb burWulaZe genadim

rusudan gaguas recenzia ar waikiTxa Cemi disertaciis

Sesaxeb!~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 52)

2. øcaä, Sug e daSni defco-S, oStiõ o bčarkiv naTbado

sù `axlac, am sityvebs giyvebiT-roca, isev is Tvalebi

minaTeben.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 29)

3. buô bo-S, wkipos aSarv ÙeĊĉbiTölaTralé masTxu×

`omobda-roca, wkipo xmas aSinebinebda Turme mters.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 188)

sayuradReboa, rom imave ganxilul maqvemdebarebeli

kavSirebis funqciis sagaremoebo -S da -Ce sufiqsebs gan-

sxvavebul enobriv situaciaSi sxva funqciebic aqvT, kerZod:

a) martivi winadadebis farglebSi sagaremoebo sufiqsi

-S viTarebis garemoebis funqcias aniWebs zmnur formas.

b) zmnis fuZeze darTuli sufiqsi -Ce garkveul situa-

ciaSi pirobiT damokidebul winadadebas awarmoebs.

ganvixilavT TiToeul maTgans cak-calke. daviwyebT sa-

garemoebo -S sufiqsiT. aRniSnuli funqciiT anu viTarebis

garemoebis mawarmoeblis funqciiT is daerTvis zmnis awmyos

190

mwkrivis fuZes; magaliTebi: vaTx `tiris~ – vaTxeS `tiriliT~;

vuR `yviris~ – vuReS `yviriliT~; kvnesala `kvnesis~ – kvnesa-

laS `kvnesiT~…

magaliTebi teqstebidan:

1. daô maldaløTxé ubner÷ maxkar-knaTi nikloz stexo-S

`daviRaleT ubnis gogo-biWebi nikolozis lodiniT.~


2. kampa×né Ùđ saaTu Ǥeba×xknaTx qæfebala-S,

sadRegrZelu× aĉö vaSin jibrbala-S `zustad sam saaTs

visxediT qeifiT, sadRegrZeloebis TqmaSi erTmaneTTan

SejibriT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 27)

3. Cu xabJueraTx bawar ha×né gaëgđx ôerCdo-S, ôalé gavi

TegdoraTx `davsxdebodiT, bawris ase muxlebze xveviT

Suloebs vakeTebdiT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 82)

-Ce sufiqsis meore, damatebiT funqcias pirobiT damo-

kidebulTan dakavSirebiT ganvixilavT.

§32. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba

mizezis garemoebis funqciis daqvemdebarebiTs urTier-

Tobas damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis axla ukve ara aspeq-

tis, aramed konkretuli drois formaze darTuli maqvemde-

barebeli sufiqsi -Cu× gamoxatavs.

SevadaroT:

a) konkretuli drois usufiqso formebi:

1. axlandeli dro: meĉé `svams~

191

2. momavali dro: maĉé `dalevs~

3. warsuli dro: maĉ÷ `dalia~

b) konkretuli drois maqvemdebarebel-sufiqsiani for-

mebi:

1. axlandeli dro: meĉ-Cu× `raki / radgan svams~

2. momavali dro: maĉ-Cu× `raki / radgan dalevs~

3. warsuli dro: maĉ÷-Cu× `raki / radgan dalia~

magaliTad:

1. Ǥa eíC-u×, ôamivaõ dos margebado `zamTari dgeba-raki,

yvela SeSas imaragebs.~

2. dadas sù wa ec-Cu×, TamamaT vollas vđxö `mama me saxls

miyidis-raki, Tamamad daviwyeb cxovrebas.~

3. lav deõ÷-Cu×, ćëmaõ Su× wenbèx Cu laôdalø `Tovli

movida-radgan, yvela TavianT saxlebSi Sebinavda.~

es ukve daqvemdebarebis axali safexuria, raki damokide-

buli winadadebis Semasmenlis drois gasarkvevad amjerad

aRar aris saWiro mTavari winadadebis Semasmenlis drois mo-

Zieba, rogorc, magaliTad, es aucilebeli iyo zemoT ukve

ganxiluli droisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi;

samive drois gageba ukve TviTon mizezis garemoebiTi damo-

kidebukli winadadebis Semasmenlis fuZeSi devs. cxadia, wi-

nadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis warmodgenili modeli Sedare-

biT gviandeli drois SenaZenia, radgan damokidebuli wina-

dadebis Semasmeneli aspeqtis magier drois orientacias iZ-

leva. Tanac myofadi, romelic drois formaTagan yvelaze

192

gviandelad aris miCneuli samecniero literaturaSi, aq uk-

ve calke, damoukideblad funqcionirebs.

aRniSnuli saxis damokidebuli winadadeba Cvens saanali-

zo teqstebSi ar dadasturda, ris gamoc magaliTebs zepiri

metyvelebidan vasaxelebT. gvaqvs, magaliTad:

1. gakviTli RaziS Ǥam×i÷-Cu×, iliké RosxeTeS vax÷ skoli

`gakveTilebi kargad iswavla-radgan, iliko sixaruliT

wavida skolaSi.~

2. sogo ôo va-Cu×, cxovrba costenxđ ÙeĊĉisé `me Sen

myavaxar-radgan, cxovrebaSi arafrisa meSinia.~

3. bádrilo vaóuxì va-Cu×, dadas ćëma sox valbado

`SvilebSi ufrosi var-raki, mama yvelafers me mavalebs.~

4. pirob ôalé asrulbad×o-Cu×, naxv ôo Cavarvo deputa-

teR `pirobas Seasruleb-raki, xalxi Sen agirCevs depu-

tatad.~

5. Raz÷ amødu× oí÷-Cu×, naxv xorbl÷ ×aóù mosaval stexé

`kargi amindebi dadga-radgan, xalxi xorblis did

mosavals elodeba.~

6. RaziS Ǥamdo-Cu×, skolas s÷ ×oô sigelev dajildbad×i÷

`kargad swavlobs-radgan, skolam Cemi gogo sigeliT

daajildova.~

§33. pirobiTidamokidebuli winadadeba

damokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis ama Tu im drois

formaze darTuli maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebi -ô, - ôer, -Ce,

193

-Ceôer gamoxataven pirobas, razec aris damokidebuli mTava-

ri winadadebis SemasmenliT gadmocemuli moqmedebis Sesru-

leba Tu Seusrulebloba. maTgan Tavisi funqciiT sufiqsi -ô

zustad Seesatyviseba qarTuli pirobiTi damokidebuli wi-

nadadebis `Tu~ kavSirs, xolo -ôer imave qarTuli pirobiTi

damokidebuli winadadebis `rom~ kavSirs esadageba. sufiqsi

-Ce, romelic ZiriTadad droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli

winadadebis maxasiaTebelia da saTanado `rodesac~ kavSiris

funqcias atarebs, garkveul pirobebSi pirobiTi damokide-

bulis `Tu~ kavSiris funqciasac iTavsebs. rac Seexeba su-

fiqss -Ceôer, is rTuli Sedgenilobisaa, warmomdgaria ori

sxvadasxva, -Ce da -ôer, sufiqsebis SeerTebiT da Sinaarsob-

rivadac orive maTgans moicavs: iTargmneba rTuli `Tu rom~

kavSiris saxiT.

pirobiTi Sinaarsis damokidebul winadadebas wovaTu-

SurSi aqvs Tavisi sakuTari intonaciuri modeli, rasac qmnis

misi Semasmenlis pirveli marcvlidan bolo marcvalze gada-

tanili intensiuri maxvili. aseTi adgilgadanacvleba maxvi-

lisa mxolod am erTi saxis damokidebuli winadadebis Semas-

menelSi xdeba, rac qmnis misi intonaciis specifikas, anu,

garda maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsisa, intonaciac gamoarCevs

mas sxva saxis damokidebulTagan.

Sdr.:

werado `wers~

werado-ô `Tu wers~

werado-ôer `rom werdes~

194

rogorc aRvniSneT, pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadebis

ZiriTadi maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebia -ô àTu~ da -ôer `rom~.

sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnul maqvemdebarebel

sufiqsebs sayrdenad aqvT ukve Semasmenlis konkretuli

drois formebi, iseve rogorc es gvqonda mizezis garemoe-

biTi damokidebuli winadadebis SemTxvevaSi. arc amjerad

xdeba saWiro damokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis drois

saZieblad mTavari winadadebis drois garkveva. gvaqvs:

I. axlandeli dro – werado `wers~, werado-ô `Tu wers~,

werado-ôer `rom werdes.~

II. momavali dro – dawerado `dawers~, dawerado-ô `Tu

dawers~, dawerado-ôer `rom dawerdes.~

III. warsuli dro – daweradi÷ `dawera~, daweradino-h `Tu

dawera~, daweradino-ôer `rom daewera~.

rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, pirobiTi daqvemdebarebu-

lis formis gadmosacemad sufiqsebi -ô da -ôer yovelgvari

cvlilebis gareSe daerTvis zmnis axlandeli drois mza

formebs. erTaderTi sxvaoba am mxriv fuZis boloSi gadata-

nili maxvili qmnis.

magaliTad:

a) -ô-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

1. saëbì ambu× xaõö leõe-ô Sú, se ×aSax xaïaT, tasox `meti

ambis gageba gindaT-Tu Tqven, Cems das hkiTxeT, tasos.~

(miqelaZe 2014 – 283)

2. nanas davalbado-ô sox, is saqm ueWvelaT ôal Tag×os

`deda damavalebs-Tu, mag saqmes ueWvelad gavakeTeb.~

195

3. wesier xelfas Teĉo-ô, ôalé vewe volvalö Saxte

muSebadö `wesier xelfass iZlevian-Tu, unda daiwyo

SaxtSi muSaoba.~

4. Tamros gakviTli ôal Ǥam×ino-ô, maRazii ôaWos ma×Ù ecö

`Tamarma gakveTilebi iswavla-Tu, maRaziaSi gavgzavni

puris sayidlad.~

5. fsarelú ambu× ôamen xa×õno-ô, nax delödoluTva×xç

`guSindeli ambavi vinmem gaigo-Tu, xalxi dagvcinebs.~

b) -ôer-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli wiandadeba:

1. báder balkonmaqr÷ aôé Tefsla-ôer, eôaTđ co

SeZlebalar dadas o ôalé ecar `bavSvi aivnidan

vardeboda-rom, maSinac ar SeiZleboda is xelSi aeyvana

mamas.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 201)

2. Raz÷ amødu× disu-ôer, venÙev Raz÷ mosaval

×aĉin×araTva×nç `kargi amindebi darCebodes-rom, venaxi

karg mosavals mogvcemda.~

3. voô ×oô ×exö votu-ôer, oÙus vowor le biZç, le nanvaSé

`biWi gogos saTxovnelad midioda-rom, is gaiyolebda

biZas, an dediZmas.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 25)

4. va× CuliCé aíav đs droô dino-ôer, laëmì

ôaWbienbaraTva× nđx Jabcø cāR `Cvens make Zroxas boCola

droze moego-rom, mTaSi gavgzavnidiT sxvebis Zroxeb-

Tan erTad.~

5. ivnego kaZikù moõ vaJkacob xiĉno-ôer, iSt coôannđ

daCagrodvomaker `ivanes cota mainc vaJkacoba hqonoda-

rom, ase veravin daCagravda.~

196

-Ce-sufiqsian formebs disonansi SeaqvT pirobiTi damo-

kidebuli winadadebis zemoT ganxilul mwyobr sistemaSi. aq

is qmnis gamonakliss, radgan mTeli sistema pirobiTi damoki-

debuli winadadebisa Semasmenlis samive drois erTmaneTisa-

gan aSkarad gansxvavebul formebs eyrdnoba, -Ce sufiqsis

SemTxvevaSi ki sayrdens sruli aspeqtis erTaderTi, drois

mixedviT ganurCeveli forma warmoadgens. mas arc sagangebo

intonaciuri modeli ukavSirdeba, radgan Semasmenlis fuZe-

ze misi darTvisas. maxvili tradiciul pirvel xmovanze rCe-

ba. yvela aspeqtiT -Ce-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli

winadadeba gansxvavebulia amave funqciis -ô da -ôer-sufiq-

sebiani winadadebebisagan.

vfiqrobT, -Ce-sufiqsiani formebis pirobiTidamokide-

buli winadadebis sferoSi SemoWra droisa da pirobiTida-

mokidebukli winadadebebis garkveulma funqciur-Sinaar-

sobrivma msgavsebam ganapiroba. aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT arc

is unda iyos mniSvnelobas moklebuli, rom droisa da piro-

biT damokidebul winadadebebs aqvT saerTo kiTxva macö?

`rodis?~

igive viTareba dasturdeba wovaTuSurSi -Ceôer-sufiq-

siani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadebis SemTxvevaSic. ro-

gorc es zeviT aRiniSna msjelobaSi, Semasmenelze calke

darTuli -ôer sufiqsi ar arRvevs pirobiTi damokidebuli

winadadebis ZiriTad morfologiur models. amjerad masTan

dakavSirebuli gamonaklisi misi -Ce-sufiqsTan kavSiriT un-

da aixsnebodes.

197

gvaqvs, magaliTad:

a) -Ce-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.

1. bádri ôal xiT-Ce, taTbuv daxsnador mSobliv, co xiT-Ce

mđ RaígiR daÙdor mSobliv `bavSvebs ipovidnen-Tu, fu-

liT ixsnidnen mSoblebi, ver ipovidnen-Tu, mojamagire-

ebad zrdidnen mSoblebi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 119)

2. SemTxveviT Txa so daô va×l-Ce, côav÷ ma viTlesé osi,

ÙeĊĉisé `SemTxveviT dRes me movkvdi-Tu, mart ar

damtovo, meSiniao.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 195)

3. iÙu×n Ĉm xiĉ-Ce, as eÙu× dadegé Ĉx aĉos? `amas rame

mouvida-Tu, me amis mamas ra vuTxra?~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 118)

4. gibal o gu×rgaõRarø ×oô, mowonad×a×l-Ce ôù, Cu

×oõ×oTva× `naxe is gorgiSvilebis qali, mogewoneba-Tu,

moviyvanoT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 216)

5. is Jagné co mowonada×l-Ce sù, bolomcø ôal co xaïos

`eg wigni ar momewona-Tu me, bolomde ar wavikiTxav.~

b) -Ceôer-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damikidebuli winadadeba.

1. ma×Jdar ôamas ba×ĉ-Ceôer sù, ×aóù miRwev ×ar `mWads

vinme momcemda-Tu-rom, didi miRweva iyo.~

2. qiqoõ ×aôov mar vi-Ceôer, ×as÷ co ×otur ojxi `Zvelad

gogo gaTxovdeboda-Tu-rom, carieli ar midioda

ojaxSi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 90)

3. maran finxđ ×otu×nç fstu×né aôé ×u×J-Ceôer, co

SeZlebalar o ôalé Ùeí×ana×né mar fenix vaxar `qmris

gverdiT mimavali coli rom waqceuliyo, ar SeiZleboda,

asayeneblad qmari masTan misuliyo.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 204)

198

4. amødu× mosarda×l-Ceôer, bare Teg×oraTx e saqm

`amindebi gafuWdebnoda-Tu-rom, barSi vakeTebdiT am

saqmes.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 262)

5. vaø nax Ĉmaõ dakav cadda×l-Ceôer, i va× ag-babă mawrø

moï daô bisbaÙinbaraTva× daô bavrexø `Cveni xalxi yvela

guliT ecdebodes-Tu-rom, am Cveni mama-papebis tkbil

enas gadavarCendiT dakargvisagan.~

199

literatura

1. gigaSvili 2014 – q. gigaSvili, wovaTuSebis Tanamedrove

eTno-sociologiuri profili, Tb., 2014.

2. dondua 1949 – k. dondua, damokidebuli winadadebis gan-

viTarebidan Zvel qarTulSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. 37, Tb., 1949.

3. enuqiZe 1987 – ZiriTadi sintaqsuri Teoriebi Tanamedro-

ve sazRvargareTul enaTmecnierebaSi, Tb., 1987.

4. kvaWaZe 1966 – l. kvaWaZe, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sin-

taqsi, Tb., 1966.

5. miqelaZe 2008 – m. miqelaZe, interferentuli procesebi

wovaTuSur enaSi, naw. I, leqsika da fonologia, Tb., 2008.

6. miqelaZe 2011 – m. miqelaZe, wovaTuSuri enis saxelTa mor-

fologiis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2011.

7. miqelaZe 2013 – m. miqelaZe, wovaTuSuri zmnis morfolo-

giis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2013.

8. miqelaZe 2013 – m. miqelaZe, Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis

martivi winadadebis sintaqsi, Tb., 2015

9. quTaTelaZe 1988 – ar. quTaTelaZe, pirveldawyebiTi qar-

Tuli gramatika, Tb., 1888.

10. Ciqobava 1998 – arn. Ciqobava, ra Tavisebureba axasiaTebs

qarTuli zmnis agebulebas, Tb., 1998.

11. WikaZe 1995 – r. WikaZe, winadadebis parataqsuli kon-

struqcia qarTulSi, Tb., 1995.

12. WumburiZe 1986 – z. WumburiZe, myofadi qarTvelur eneb-

Si, Tb., 1986.

200

13. deSerievi 1953 – Ю. Д. Дешериев, Бацбийскиц язык, М.,

1953. 14. iakovlevi 1940 – Н. Ф. Яковлев, Синтаксис чеченского

литературного языка, М., 1940. 15. meie 1938 – А. Мейе, Введение в сравнительное изучение

индоевропейских языков, М., 1938. 16. miqelaZe 2018 – M. Mikeladze, Basic Cases in the Tsova-Tush

Language, Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, vol. 12, no.3, 2018, pp. 117-121.

17. peSkovski 1956 – А. М. Пешковский, Русский синтаксис в

научном освещении, М., 1956.

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi

1. miqelaZe 2011 – m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, m.

ciskariSvili, wovaTuSuri teqstebi, nawili I, Tb., 2011.

2. miqelaZe 2014 – m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, wo-

vaTuSuri teqstebi, nawili II, Tb., 2014.

201

sarCevi

Sesavali................................................................................................................. 3

Tavi I. Serwymuli winadadebis sintaqsi..........................................6

§1. Serwymuli winadadebis raoba........................................................ 6

§2. Serwymuli winadadebis tipebi .................................................... 9

§3. erTgvar wevrTa SeerTebis saSualebani .............................. 12

§4. kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba .............................................. 14

§5. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba ................. 25

§6. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba ................. 35

§7. erTgvarpirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba ...... 41

§8. erTgvariribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba ............ 45

§9. erTgvarubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba......... 49

§10. erTgvargansazRrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba............. 51

§11. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba .................. 55

§12. gansxvavebuli tipis Serwymuli winadadeba .................... 68

Tavi II. rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis sintaqsi......................70

§13. rTuli winadadebis raoba da saxeebi ...................................... 70

§14. majgufebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba ............................................................................................. 72

§15. macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba ........................................................................................... 74

§16. mapirispirebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba ............................................................................................ 77

202

§17. maigivebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba............................................................................................... 81

§18. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba........................... 82

Tavi III. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sintaqsi......................91

§19. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis genezisisa da

struqturis sakiTxebi ................................................................ 91

§20. qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba ......................... 99

§21. damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.................................. 104

§22. gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................... 122

§23. garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ............................. 126

§24. Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba........................... 150

§25. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................................... 152

§26. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba.......................... 154

Tavi IV. rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi ..................................167

§27. Ramdenime erTgvari da araerTgvari damokidebuli

winadadeba mTavarTan...................................................................... 167

§28. Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebareba ............................................... 172

§29. Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba............................................ 174

Tavi V. winadadebaTa qvewyobis arqauli sintaqsuri

konstruqciebi...................................................................................179

§30. sakiTxis zogadi mimoxilva ......................................................... 179

§31. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadaeba ................. 182

203

§32. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba .......... 190

§33. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................................... 192

literatura....................................................................................................... 199

sarCevi .................................................................................................................... 201

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi, 0186, a. politkovskaias #4. : 5(99) 33 52 02, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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