I NTRODUCTION TO C HEMISTRY Matter Science 10 Modified.
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Transcript of I NTRODUCTION TO C HEMISTRY Matter Science 10 Modified.
![Page 1: I NTRODUCTION TO C HEMISTRY Matter Science 10 Modified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfe01a28abf838cb3533/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
Matter
Science 10 Modified
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WHAT IS MATTER?
Matter: anything that takes up space (volume) and has a mass.
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PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical Property
a property that you can observe
without changing one kind of matter
into something new.
Examples:DensitiesMelting pointsBoiling pointsFreezing pointsColour OdourDuctilityBrittleness
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Chemical Property
a property that you can observe
when one kind of matter is
converted into a different kind of
matter.
Examples:Reactivity with
water/air/acidsCombustibilityToxicity
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STATES OF MATTER
Soliddefinite shapemolecules close
togetherfirm formationlittle molecular
movement,
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Liquidindefinite shapemolecules further
apart than solidsmore molecular
movement
Pressure and temperature influence it.
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Gasindefinite shape
and formationMolecules are far
apartThe most molecular
movementconstant motion
Easily affected by temperature and pressure
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Solid Liquid Gas
Melt Evaporate
CondenseFreeze
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TYPES OF CHANGE:
Physical change: a change that occurs when no new
substance is formed.Properties such as size, shape, colour or
state may change (eg. Boiling water) The reverse is possible.
Chemical change: new substances (with new properties)
are formed from 2 or more different elements. (eg. Rusting of iron)
The reverse is not possible.
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS (CHANGE)
When one or more substances are changed into new substances.
Reactants- stuff you start with
Products- what you make
NEW PROPERTIES
Not easily reversed
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INDICATIONS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION
Energy absorbed or released – we see this by a temperature change Energy absorbed = temperature increase Energy released = temperature decrease
Permanent color change
Gas produced
Precipitate- solid that separates from solution
Not easily reversed
THERE IS ALWAYS A NEW SUBSTANCE!
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
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Pure substance: contains one type of particle. Ex. Elements & compounds
Mixture: contains two or more types of particles intermingling, no chemical bonding.Ex. Homogeneous & Heterogeneous
mixtures
PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?
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Composed of two or more different atoms
Can be broken down by chemical methods and each part will have different properties
Ex: water (H2O), 2 atoms of hydrogen, I atom of oxygen)salt (NaCl), 1 atom of sodium, 1 atom of chlorine
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An element is a substance made up of only one kind of atom
The periodic table arranges elements according to their properties
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MIXTURES Heterogeneous mixtures are not
uniform in composition. You will see different layers
Ex: sand and salt oil & water
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Homogeneous Mixtures
Appear to be one substance
May be solutions (something dissolved)
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WHICH IS IT?
ElementCompoundMixture