Basic C hemistry Lecture I. Basic Earth Chemistry.
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Transcript of Basic C hemistry Lecture I. Basic Earth Chemistry.
Physical Properties
•Density•Color
•Hardness•Melting Point•Boiling Point
•Ability to conduct
electricity
Density• Used to describe matter.• Density is the measure of the mass
of an object divided by its volume.• An object that is more dense than
water will sink, whereas one that’s less dense will float.
Density = Mass/Volume
•D=m/v• A small cube has a volume of 2 cubic
centimeters and its mass is 8 grams. What is the cubes density?
• ______grams per cubic centimeter
Chemical Properties
• Example: Water• Made up of 2 hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule.
• Has specific melting, boiling, and freezing point.
•Protons: positively charged subatomic particles (+)
•Neutrons: neutrally charged subatomic particles (N)
•Electrons: Negatively charged subatomic particles.
IONS
•Electrically charged (non-neutral) atoms are called ions.
•This happens when atoms gain or lose electrons.
Plasma
• Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state.
• Matter in this state is composed of ions and electrons.
• Stars are composed of matter found in the plasma state.
Chemical Bonds
• 1. Ionic Bonds: Interaction of electrons from the outermost energy level of two or more atoms.
• Example: NaCl
Which bonds are stronger?
•Covalent bonds are far weaker than the powerful attraction
in ionic bonds
Earth/Chemistry Link
• Alloys: solution of two or more metals• Brass: A solution of Copper and Zinc• Bronze: A solution of Copper and Tin