ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ - ICAR-SBI · 2016. 5. 27. · è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ ïiù...

è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ 1

è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ

Þ.«õ.Ý.è&è¼‹¹ ÞùŠªð¼‚° GÁõù‹«è£ò‹¹ˆÉ˜&641 007

2016

www.sugarcane.res.in

www.caneinfo.nic.in

g/ Kusp. J/ g[j;jpu gpujhg;. bt/ bt';flRg;gpukzpad;. j/ u$%yh rhe;jp

è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ2

ðFŠð£CKò˜èœ

ð. ºóO, ¶. ¹ˆFó Hóî£Š, ªõ. ªõƒèì²ŠHóñEò¡, î. óü§ô£ ê£‰F

© ICAR - Sugarcane Breeding Insititute, Coimbatore - 641 007.SBI/NABARD/2016/TA/01

ªõOf´ : Þò‚°ï˜

Þ. «õ. Ý. è. è¼‹¹ ÞùŠªð¼‚° GÁõù‹

«è£ò‹¹ˆÉ˜ & 641 007

«ð£¡ : 0422 2472621

Ü„C†«ì£˜ : àîò‹ Ü„êè‹, «è£¬õ «ð£¡ : 0422&2541551 I¡Ü…ê™ : [email protected]


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Kidth; gf;#puhk;,af;Fdh;

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nfhak;g[j;J}h;

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vLj;Jr; bry;tjpy; tphpthf;ff; fy;tp bgUk;g';F tfpf;fpd;wJ. xt;bthU ehSk; g[jpa bjhHpy;

El;g';fs; ntshz; Muha;r;rpf; Tl';fspypUe;J btspte;J bfhz;Ls;sd. ,j;bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

chpa neuj;jpy; tptrhapfisr; brd;wiltJ kpft[k; Kf;fpak;. tphpthf;fg; gzpahsh;fs; mjw;fhf

gy;ntW tHpKiwfisf; ifahs;tJ mtrpak;. tptrhapfSld; neuoj; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;L/

mth;fSf;Fj; njitahd bjhHpy;El;g';fisa[k; mtw;wpd; bray;Kiw tpsf;f';fisa[k;

Fwpj;j neuj;jpy; bjhpag;gLj;JtJ kpft[k; Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. fUk;g[ tptrhaj;jpy;


mzpe;Jiu

nf/ bt';fnl!;tu uht; Kjd;ik bghJ nkyhsh;

njrpa tptrha kw;Wk; Cuf tsh;r;rp t';fp

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fUk;g[ gapupd; kfNy; jkpHfj;jpy; fle;j rpy Mz;Lfshf bQf;nlUf;F 105 ld; vd;w

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jiyth]fis” cUthf;f ntz;Lk;.

njrpa tptrha kw;Wk; fpuhkg;g[w tsh;r;rp t';fpapd; (eghh]L t';fp) Kf;fpa nehf;fk;

xU';fpize;j kw;Wk; ePoj;j fpuhk tsh]r;rpahFk;. fpuhk';fspd; tsh]r;rpf;fhf gy rPupa

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,dg;bgUf;F fHfj;jpd; Kaw;rpf;F eghh]L t';fp jdJ gz;izj; Jiwia Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;

(Farm Sector Promotion) epjpapd; fPH; epjp cjtp mspj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; Kf;fpakhf gz;izj;

jiytu;fSf;F nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l fUk;g[ cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ghJfhg;g[ bjhHpy; El;g';fspy; gap;w;rp

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nfh/ nQkgpugh. rP/ myh;nkY. fp/nkhfd;uh$;

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5

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4/fUk;gpy; jukhd tpij kw;Wk; ehw;w';fhy; guhkhpg;g[

vd;/ ,uh$e;jpu gpurhj; 15

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J/ ePykjp kw;Wk; br/ b$angh!; 19

6/fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; kfNiyg; bgUf;f tHpKiwfs;

f/ rptuhkd; 23

7/fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; kz; ts nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; xU';fpize;j Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik

rp/ gHdprhkp kw;Wk; M/ gh!;fud;

29

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j/ MWKfehjd;/ rp/ gHdpr;rhkp kw;Wk; j/ u$%yh rhe;jp

35

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42

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rp/ gHdpr;rhkpM/ gh!;fud;

m/ btz;zpyh51

12/ fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; kz: ey nkyhz:ik M/ gh!;fud; 57


13/ fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; ePh; nkyhz;ik uh/ jdghy; 62

14/fUk;gpy; neha;fspd; jhf;fKk; mitfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; KiwfSk;

,uh/ tp!;tehjd; 71

15/xU';fpize;j fUk;g[ neha; fl;Lg;ghL nkyhz;ik

m/ unk&; Re;jh; 75

16/epiyahd fUk;g[ rhFgof;F tskhd ehw;w';fhy;

g/ khyjp79

17/fUk;gpy; g{r;rp nkyhz;ik fz;nzhl;lk;

e/ fPjhMh;/ eph;kyh nf/gp/ rypd;

82

18/ fUk;gpy; xU';fpize;j g{r;rp eph;thfk;jp/ ,uhkRg;gpukzpad; r/ nahfhk;ghs;

88

19/fUk;gpy; KJbfYk;g[g; gpuhzpfs; nkyhz;ik

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95

20/Cufj; jiyikg; gz;gpay;

bt/ bt';flRg;gpukzpad; g/ Kusp. J/ g[j;jpu gpujhg;

99

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j/ u$%yh rhe;jp 106

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J/ g[j;jpu gpujhg;g/ Kusp

112

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g/ Kusp. J/ g[j;jpu gpujhg; bt/ bt';flRg;gpukzpad;

115


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fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk/; nfhaKj;Jhh;-641007

,e;jpahtpy; fUk;g[ rhFgo epyg;gug;gpYk;/ cw;gj;jpapYk; gpnurpy; ehl;ow;F mLj;J ,uz;lhtJ epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; rh;f;fiu cw;gj;jp xU khbgUk; bjhHpy; Jiwahf cs;sJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; gaphplg;gLk; gzg;gaph;fspy; fUk;g[ xU Kf;fpa gapuhFk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; epyt[k; jl;g btg;g epiy/ fUk;gpy; mjpf kfNy; bgw rhjfkhf cs;sJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; ruhrhp fUk;g[ kfNy; vf;lUf;F 104 ld;fshFk;. Mdhy; mfpy ,e;jpa mstpy; ruhrhp fUk;g[ kfNy; vf;lUf;F 66-70 ld;fs;jhd;. fUk;g[ cw;gj;jpahy; ehk; ,e;jpahtpnyna Kjyplk; tfpj;jhYk;/ ruhrhp kfNy; jpwid mjpfg;gLj;j ntz;oa[s;sJ. jkpHfj;jpy;/ kj;jpa murpd; fPH; fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk; nfhaKj;Jhhpy; bray;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. 1912 Mk; Mz;L bjhl';fg;;gl;l ,e;j e[pWtdk; 1800-k] nkw;gl;l fUk;g[ ,uf';fis fz;L gpoj;Js;sJ. mtw;Ws; rpy ,uf';fspd; rpwg;gpay;g[fs; ,';F jug;gl;Ls;sd.

fUk;g[ rhFgof;fhd ,uf';fs;

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FWfpa fhy ,uf';fs;

nfh 94008 (rpahksh)

,J 2003-y; btspte;j ,ufk;. ,e;j g[jpa ,ufk; nfh 7201-k;/ nfh 775k; ,df;fyg;g[ bra;ag;gl;L cUthd ,ufk ;. ,J neuhf tsUk; kw;Wk; rhah jd;ika[ilaJ. elt[ bra;j 12 khj';fspy; mWtil bra;jhy; 126 ld; fUk;g[ kfNy; juty;yJ. ,e;j ,ufk; twl;rpiaj; jh';fp tsuf;Toa ,ufkhFk;. ,J 19.21 rjtPj rh;f;fiur;rj;Jk; kw;Wk; 15.51 ld; rh;f;fiu fl;Lkhdk; bfhLf;f Toa ,ufkhFk;. kWjhk;g[ elt[f;F Vw;w ,ufk;. brt;tGfy; neha;f;F kpjkhd vjph;g;g[j; jpwd; bfhz;l ,e;j ,ufk;/ cth; kz; tiff;F Vw;wJ. ,J jz;zPh; nj';f Toa tay;fspYk; tsUk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ.

nfh 0403

,e;j ,ufk; nfh 8371 cld; nfh 86011 ia ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Jt[k; Kd;;gl;lj;jpw;nfw;w eltpw;F Vw;wJ. ,e;j ,ufk; 101.5 -110 ld;fs; kfNy; juf;ToaJ. kw;Wk; 13.29 ld; rh;f;fiu fl;Lkhdk; juf;ToaJ. fUk;g[ caukhft[k; ntfkhft[k; tsUk; Mdhy; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il nehiaj; jh';fp tsUk;. mjpfkhd twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;epy';fspy; jh';fp tsuf; ToaJ. jkpH;ehl;od; vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fk; Vw;w ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg;gapUf;F cFe;jjhFk;;. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Jhh;fisf; bfhLf;Fk;. bty;yk; jahhpg;gjw;F Vw;w ufk;.


kj;jpa fhy ,uf';fs;

nfh 86032

nfh 62198 kw;Wk; nfh.f.671 Mfpa ,uz;L rpwe;j ,uf';fis ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J/

cUthf;fg;gl;l tPhpa xl;L ,ufk;. fle;j 15 Mz;Lfshf jkpH;ehl;oy; 75 rjtPj ,l';fspy; ,e;j

,ufk; gaphplg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;j ufk; vy;yh gl;l';fSf;Fk; Vw;wJ. mjpf fUk;g[ kfNy; kw;Wk;

rh;f;fiur; rj;J bfhLf;fToaJ. vf;lUf;F 120 ld; kfNy; kw;Wk; 15.09 ld; rh;f;fiuf; fl;LkhdKk;

juty;yJ. ,J mfyghh; eltpw;Fk; Vw;w ,ufk; MFk;. ,e;j ufk; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Jhh;fisf;

bfhLg;gJld; mjpf fUk;g[ kw;Wk; rh;f;fiu kfNy; jpwd; bfhz;lJ. kW jhk;g[ gaphpYk; mjpf

rh;f;fiu kw;Wk; fUk;g[ kfNy; juf;ToaJ. jPgfw;g ,e;jpahtpd; xU';fpize;j kugpay;

ghpnrhjidf; xg;gPl;L ,ufkhft[k; ,J gaph; bra;ag;gLfpwJ. Kd; kw;Wk; gpd; gl;lj;jpw;F Vw;Wk;

kWjhk;g[ gapUf;F Vw;w ,e;j ,ufk; jz;zPh; nj';fp epw;Fk; epyj;jpw;F Vw;wJ my;y. fhpg;g{l;il

neha;f;F vjph;g;g[j;jpwd; bfhz;lJ. ,e;j ,ufk; brt;tGfy; neha;f;F taypy; vjph;g;g[j;jpwd;

bfhz;lJ.

nfh 99004

,e;j ,ufk; nfh 62175k; kw;Wk; nfh 86250k; ,df;fyg;g[ bra;ag;gl;L cUthd ,ufk;. ,J

jkpH;ehl;oy; eLg;gl;lj;jpw;F Vw;wJ. ,J 2007y; btspte;j ,ufk;. mjpf fUk;g[ kfNy; (116

ld;) kw:Wk; 19.21 rjtPj rh;f;fiur; rj;Jk;/ 16.09 ld; rh;f;fiu fl;LkhdKk; bfhz;lJ. thly;/

brt;tGfy;/ fhpg;g{l;il neha;fSf;F vjph;g;g[j; jd;ika[ilaJ. mjpfkhd twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;

epy';fspy; ed;F tsuf;ToaJ. fUk;g[ ey;y caukhft[k;/ gUkdhft[k;/ vila[s;sjhft[k;

,Uf;Fk;/ bty;yk; jahhpf;f ,J kpft[k; Vw;w ,ufk;. fUk;g[ ntfkhf tsuf; ToaJ.

caukhft[k; tsUk;. ,e;j ,ufk; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. rpwpa gUtk; bfhz;l ,e;j ,ufk;

vy;yh gl;l';fSf;Fk; Vw;wjhFk;. bghJthfg; g{g;gJ ,y;iy. k";rs; fye;j gr;ir epwKilaJ

,ilf;fqf;fspy; btog;g[ ,y;yhky; ghh]itf;F mHfhf ,Uf;Fk;.

nfh 2001-13

,e;j ,ufk; nfh 7806 vd;Wk; ,ufj;ij jpwe;jbtsp ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;l

,ufk;. ,J eLg]gl;l elt[f;F Vw;wjhFk;. Vf;lUf;F 110 ld; kfNYk;/ 14.73 ld; rh;f;fiu

fl;LkhdKk; 19.00 rjtPj rh;f;fiur; rj;Jk; ju ty;yJ. mjpf Jhh; vz;zpf;if bfhz;l ,ufkhFk;.

brt;tGfy; neha; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il nehiaj; jh';fp tsUk;/ twl;rp kw;Wk; cth; epy';fspy;

ed;F tsuf;ToaJ. elt[g;gapiug; nghy fl;il gaphpYk; ey;y kfNy; bfhLf;fty;yJ.

bty;yk; jahhpf;f Vw;w ,ufkhFk;. Ks; kw;Wk; btog;g[ ,Uf;fhJ. xU';fpize;j kugpay; fUk;g[

ghpnrhjidj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPH; ,e;j ,ufk; vf;lUf;F 108.59 ld;fs; fUk;g[ kfNYk;/ vf;lUf;F 14.73

ld;fs; rh;f;fiu kfNy; bfhLj;Js;sJ. Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[ilaJ. ey;y caukhf

tsh;e;J Fiwthf rha[k; jd;ika[ilaJ.

nfh 2001-15

,e;j ,ufk; nfh 85002 cld; nfh 775ia ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Jt[k;

eLg;gl;l eltpw;F Vw;wJ. ,e;j ,ufk; 110-115 ld;fs; kfNy; juf;ToaJ. kw;Wk; 14-15 ld;

rh;f;fiu fl;Lkhdk; juf;ToaJ. fUk;g[ kfNypy;/ ,e;j ufk; nfh 86032it tpl 3.6 rjk; mjpfkhf

bfhLj;Js;sJ. fUk;g[ caukhft[k; ntfkhft[k; tsUk;. brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il nehiaj;

jh';fp tsUk;. mjpfkhd twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;epy';fspy; jh';fp tsuf; ToaJ. jkpH;ehl;od;

vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fk; Vw;wJ. Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg;gapUf;F

cfe;jjhFk;;. ,e;j ,ufk; caukhf tsUk; kw;Wk; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy;


Jhh;fisf; bfhLf;Fk;. bty;yk; jahhpg;gjw;F Vw;w ufk;. rptg;g[ epwKila fUk;g[ld; ePskhd fqf;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa mst[ gUf;fisf; bfhz;lJ.

nfh 06027

,e;j ,ufk; nfh.f. 671 cld; I$pp 91-1100 cld; ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;L 2013

Mk; Mz;L btspaplg]gl]lJ. Vf;lUf;F 111.3 ld; kfNYk;/ 14.74 ld; rh;f;fiu fl;LkhdKk; 19.06

rjtPj rh;f;fiur; rj;Jk; ju ty;yJ. caukhf tsUk; kw;Wk; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. twl;rp

kw;Wk; cth; epy';fspy; ed;F tsuf;ToaJ.

jkpH;ehl;ow;F btspaplg;gl;l g[jpa fUk;g[ ufk;

nfh 0212

,e;j ,ufk; fyg;g[ kw;Wk; njh;t[ Kiw \yk; nfh 7201 kw;Wk; I v!; vr; 106 Mfpa ,U

,uf';fis xl;L nrh;;j;J cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. nfh 0212 mjpf fUk;g[ tpisr;ry; kw;Wk;

cah; jukhd rh;f;fiur; rj;Jila g[jpa fUk;g[ ufkhFk;. ,J jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; g[Jr;nrhp Mfpa

khepy';fspy; gaphpl Vw;w ,ufkhFk;. ,J nfhak;g[j;J}hpy; elj;jg;gl;l epiyar; nrhjidapy;

156.63 ld; / bQf;lh;; fUk;g[ kfNy;/ 14.76 rjtPj thzpg rh;f;fiu mst[ kw;Wk; 23.04 ld; / bQf;lh;

rh;f;fiu kfNy; je;Js;sJ. jkpH;ehL kw;Wk; g[Jr;nrhpapy; elj;jg;gl;l xU';fpize;j cHtpay;

nrhjidj; jpl;lj;jpy;/ nfh 0212 ruhrhpahf 150.56 ld; / bQf;lh; fUk;g[ kfNYk; 12.80 rjtPj

thzpg rh;f;fiu mst[k; kw;Wk; 19.27 ld; / bQf;lh; rh;f;fiu kfNYk; gjpt[ bra;jJ. ,J

cah;jukhd bty;yk; jahhp;;f;f Vw;w[J. ,e;j ,ufk; mjpf J}h;fSld; neuhf tsuf; ToaJ kw;Wk;

,J fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wjhFk;. mjpf kw;Wk; rPuhd kfNYk; juty;yJk;/ g{r;rp kw;Wk;

g{";rhid neha;fSf;F vjph;g;g[ jd;ik bfhz;lJk; kw;Wk; twl;rp kw;Wk; cg;g[j;jd;ikia jh';fp

tsuf; ToaJ.

rpwg;;g[ ,uf';fs;

1/ FWfpa fhy ,uf';fs;

8 khjfhy mstpy; Kjph;r;rp mila[k; ,uf';fSk; cs;sd. ,it ,uz;L tUlj;jpy;

\d;W gaph; bra;tjw;Fk; Fiwe;j fhyj;jpYk; ,lj;jpYk; mjpfg;goahd kfNy; kw;Wk; rh;f;fiu

cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; nehf;fj;Jld; gaphplg;gLfpwJ.

v!:gpI 2007-291

FWfpa fhy ,ufkhf jkpH;ehl;o y; rptf']if khtl]l j;jpy; gaphplg;gLfpwJ. ,J 8

khjj;jpy; 18 rjtPj rh;f;fiu kw;Wk; 10 khjj;jpy; 21 rjtPj rh;f;fiu bfhLf;fty;yJ. mjpf

J}h;fSld; neuhf tsuf; ToaJ kw;Wk; ,J fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wjhFk;. caukhf

tsUk; Mdhy; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. Ks; kw;Wk; btog;g[ ,Uf;fhJ. brt;tGfy; neha; kw;Wk;

fhpg;g{l;il nehiaj; jh';fp tsUk;/ twl;rp kw;Wk; cth; epy';fspy; ed;F tsuf;ToaJ.

2/ twl;rp kw;Wk; ePh; njf;f gFjpfSf;F Vw;w ,uf';fs;

bghJthf mjpf twl;rpa[k; mjpfg;goahd ePh;j; njf;fKk;/ fUk;g[ tsh;r;rpia bghpJk;

ghjpj;J kfNy; kw;Wk; rh;f;fiu fl;Lkhdj;ij Fiwf;fpd;wd. rhjhuzkhf mjpf J}h; fl;Lk;

jpwDld; Kjypy; ntfkhf tsUk; ,uf';fs; bkype;j fUk;g[fSld; FWfpa ,iyfSld;

br';Fj;jhf tsh;e;J/ mjp[f ePiu nrkpj;J itj;J twl;rpia jh';fp tsuf; Toait. nfh 06022/

nfh 06027/ nfh 0212 Mfpa ,uf';fis twl;rp ,l';fspy; gaphplyhk;. mjpf kiH bgUk; gFjp/

Mw;Wg;goif kw;Wk; rhpahf tofhy; trjp ,y;yhj ,l';fspy; nfh 99006 gaphplyhk;.


3. flnyhu khtl;l';fSf;F Vw;w ,uf';fs;

nfh 06030

,J eLg;gl;l eltpw;F Vw;wJ. ,e;j ,ufk; 103.17 ld;fs; kfNy; juf;ToaJ. kw;Wk; 11-12 ld; rh;f;fiu fl;Lkhdk; juf;ToaJ. fUk;g[ caukhft[k; ntfkhft[k; tsUk;. brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il nehiaj; jh';fp tsUk;. mjpfkhd twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;epy';fspy; jh';fp tsuf; ToaJ. jkpH;ehl;od;; flnyhug;gFjp rhFgof;F Vw;wJ. Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ufk; fl;ilg;gapUf;F cfe;jjhFk;;. ,e;j ,ufk; caukhf tsUk; Mdhy; rhahj jd;ika[ilaJ. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; Jhh;fisf; bfhLf;Fk;. bty;yk; jahhpg;gjw;nfw;w ufk;. rptg;g[ epwKila fUk;g[ld; ePskhd fqf;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa mst[ gUf;fisf; bfhz;lJ.

nfh.ca;. 92102 ,e;j ,ufk; nfh.f. 671 kw;Wk; nfh 6806 Mfpa ,uf';fis ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. cth; kw;Wk; jz;zPh; nj';f Toa tay;fspYk; tsUk; jpwd; bfhz;lJ.

nfh.ca;. 09356 ,e;j ,ufk; 86m 146 kw;Wk; nfh.ca;. 92102 Mfpa ,uz;L ,uf';fis ,df;fyg;g[ bra;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J ruhrhpahf 130 ld;fs; fUk;g[ kfNy; kw;Wk; 19.5 rjtPjk; rh;f;fiu rj;J bfhLf;fty;yJ.

4/ fsh; kw;Wk; cth; kz;zpy; gaph; bra;a cfe;j ,uf';fs;

,t;tif kz;zpy; gaph; bra;ag;gLk; ,uf';fspy; J}h; tpLk; jd;ik/ tsh;r;rp/ fUk;g[ kfNy; kw;Wk; ,dpg;g[r; rj;jpd; jpwd; Fiwfpd;wJ. nfh 94008/ nfh 94012/ nfh 99004/ nfh 06027 kw;Wk; nfh 0212Mfpa ,uf';fs; ,tw;iwj; jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ.

ehSf;F ehs; mjpfhpj;J tUk; rhFgo bryt[/ fl;Lg;goahfhj rh;f;fiu tpiy/ cw;gj;jp bryt[/ ntiyahl;fs; gw;whf;Fiw nghd;wtw;iw rkhspf;f/ fUk;g[ rhFgoahdJ KGtJkhf ,ae;jpu Kiwfisf; bfhz;nl bra;a ntz;oa fhyf;fl;lk; te;Js;sJ. Mfnt FWfptUk; rhFgo epyg;gug;gstpy; mjpf kfNy; juf;Toa tPhpa fUk;g[ ,uf';fis njh;t[ bra;J gaphplntz;Lk;. ,k;KiwahdJ fUk;g[ tptrhapfSf;F tsk; bgUf tHptFf;Fk;. fUk;g[ tptrhak; rhpahd neuj;jpy;/ njitahd ,uf';fis njh;t[ bra;J rhFgo bra;ag;gl ntz;Lk;. gaphpd; kfNy; jpwDf;F mog;gilahf tps';FtJ tpij kl;Lnk. ey;y tpijf; fuizfisf; gad;gLj;jp rPhpa Kiwapy; gaphpl;lhy; mj[pf kfNiy bgw Koa[k;.


fUk;g[ kfNypy; gpd;j';fpa khtl;lj;jpw;nfw;w mjpf kfR{y; jUk; fUk;g[ uf';fs;

1rp/ mg;g[D. 2nfh/ nQkgpugh kw;Wk; 2m/ mz;zhJiu 1tp"]"hdp/ 2Kjd;ik tp":"hdp/ fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;

nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 007

jkpH;ehl;oy; btF fhykhf fUk;g[ gaph; gutyhfg; gaphplg;gl;L tUfpwJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; Rkhh; 3 yl;rk; vf;lhpy; rhFgo bra;ag;gl;L Vwj;jhH 350 yl;rk; ld; fUk;g[ cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLfpwJ. khepyj;jpd; 75 rjk; fUk;g[ cw;gj;jp tpGg;g[uk;/


bly;lh gFjpahd f+h; khtl;j;jpy; fUk;g[ kpf mjpfkhf gaphplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfspy; kiHf; fhy';fspy; jz;zPh; nj';FtJ kw;Wk; nfhil fhy';fspy; jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiw bghJthf fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfspy; brt;tGfy; neha; mjpf ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. f+h; khtl;j;jpw;F Vw;w ,uf';fis nfh tp 09356/ nfh # 92102/ nfh 99004/ nfh 06022/ nfh 06030/ nfh f 24 kw;Wk; nfh 0212 gaphpl;L kfNiy bgUf;fyhk;.

,e;j ,uf';fspd; rpwg;gpay;g[fs; fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd

twl;rpia jh';fp tsuf;Toa ,uf';fspd; rpwg;gpay;g[fs;

nfh 94008 (nfh 7201 x nfh 775)

v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 126 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 15.5%

v mjpf J}h;fis bfhLf;ff; Toa fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.

v brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il neha;fSf;F vjph]g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ

v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth]j;jd;ikia jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ

v 10-12 khj';fspy; gapiu mWtil bra;ayhk;

nfh 99004 (nfh 62175 x nfh 86250)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 116.8 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.2%

v g{f;fhj kw;Wk; rhahj J}h]fisf; bfhz;lJ


v 12 khj';fspy; gapiu mWtil bra;ayhk;

nfh 2001-13 (nfh 7806 PC)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 108.59 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.03%


v mjpf twl;rp kw;Wk; cth] epy';fSf;F Vw;w ,ufk;


nfh 2001-15 (nfh 85002 x nfh 775)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 115 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiu kfR{y; - 15 ld; / bQf;lh]

v Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ

v brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il neha;fSf;F kpjkhd vjph]g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ

v mjpf twl;rp kw;Wk; cth] epy';fspy; tsuf; ToaJ


nfh 0212 (nfh 7201 x I.v!.;vr;. 106) v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 150 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.3%

v Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.




nfh 0403 (nfh 8371 x nfh 86011)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 101.5 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 18.4%

v mjpf J}h]fSld; tsuf; ToaJ fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.

v brt;tGfy; neha;f;F vjph]g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ

v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth] epy';fspy; ed;whf tsuf; ToaJ



nfh 09004 (nfh.f 671 x nfh.jp 8201)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 102 ld; /bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.4%

v kpff; Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.




nfh 06015 (nfh 94009 $prp)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 117 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 18.5%

v kpff; Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.




nfh 06022 ($pa[ 92275 x nfh 86249)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 122.5 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 18.9%

v mjpf J}h;fis bfhLf;ff; Toa fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


v twl;rpia jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ


nfh 06027 (nfh.f 671 x I$p 91-1100)v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 110 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.3%


v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth] epy';fspy; gaphpl Vw;wJ


nfh 06030 (nfhf 671 x I$p 91-1100)

v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 104 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 16.6%

v tsh]j;jpahf tsuf; ToaJ

v mjpfkhd kw;Wk; rhahj J}h]fisf; bfhz;lJ




2007-291 (nfh. v vd ; nf 03044 x nfh 86002)

v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 118 ld; /bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 21.5%

v ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.




nfh 07015 (nfh 8371 x nfh 86011)

v fUk;g[ kfR{y; - 96.1 ld; / bQf;lh]/ rh]f;fiur; rj;J- 19.34%

v Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ.

v brt;tGfy; neha[f;F vjph]g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ




nfh 92102 (nfh f 671 x nfh 6806) nfh tp 92102 (nfh f 671 x nfh 6806)

v fUk;g[ kfNy; - 124 ld;/ bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur; Rj;J – 19.2%

v tsh;j;jpahf tsuf; Toait

v mjpfkhd kw;Wk; rhahj Jhh;fisf; bfhz;lJ

v brt;tGfy; neha;f;F vjph;g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ


v flnyhug; gFjpfSf;F Vw;wjhFk;


nfh tp 09356v fUk;g[ kfNy; - 136 ld; / bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur;rj;J 20.2 %

v jz;zPh; nj';fp epw;Fk; kw;Wk; flnyhu gFjpfSf;F Vw;wJ


v mjpfkhd Jhh;fisf; bfhz;nl fl;ilg; gapUf;F Vw;wJ


nfh f 24 (nfh 8371 x vk; v!; 68 / 47)

v fUk;g[ kfNy; - 140 ld; / bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur; rj;J 15.7%

v ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ

v brt;tGfy; kw;Wk; fhpg;g{l;il neha;fSf;F vjph;g;g[j; jd;ik bfhz;lJ

v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;j;jd;ikiaj; jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ

v flnyhug; gFjpfSf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


rp.8 (nfh f 90063 x nfh 8213)

v fUk;g[ kfNy; 120 ld ; / bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur; rj;J – 18.9%

v mjpf Jhh;fis bfhLf;ff; Toa fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


v jz;zPh; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; gFjpfSf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


nfh F 95076

v fUk;g[ kfNy; 132 ld;; / bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur; rj;J – 18.9%

v Fiwthf g{f;Fk; jd;ika[s;s ,e;j ,ufk; fl;ilg; gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;j;jd;ikia jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ


nfh F 5

v fUk;g[ kfNy; 115 ld; / bQf;lh;/ rh;f;fiur; rj;J – 19.3%

v mjpf Jhh;fSld; tsuf;ToaJ fl;ilg;gapUf;F kpft[k; Vw;wJ


v twl;rp kw;Wk; cth;j;jd;ikia jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ


,e;j ,uf';fs; Kd;gl;lk; kw;Wk; gpd;gl;l eltpw;F Vw;witfshFk;. tptrhapfs; j';fs; gFjpf;fSf;fhd rhpahd ufj;ij njh;e;bjLj;J jukhd tpijf;fuizfis njh;t[ bra;tjd; \yk;/ fUk;gpy; mjpf kfNy; bgwyhk;.


jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fis njh;t[ bra;jy; kw;Wk; tpij ehw;w';fhy; jahhpj;jy;

,uh/ fUg;igad;KJepiy tp";"hdp (gaph; bgUf;f gphpt[)

,.nt.M.f.- fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;/ nfhit - 641 007

1/ 1/ fw;wypd; nehf;fk;

,e;j ghlj;jpd; Kotpy; eP';fs; bjhpe;Jbfhs;tJ vd;dbtdpy;

- jukhd tpijf; fUk;g[fis vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;>

- jukhd tpijfis njh;t[ bra;tJ vg;go>

- \d;wLf;F tpij ehw;w';fhy; \yk; tpijf;fUk;g[ cw;gj;jp bra;tJ>

- \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhy; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ vt;thW>

1/ 2/ mwpKfk;

epyj;jpw;F mHF bey;Yk; fUk;g[k; vd;fpwJ ehd;kzpf;foif. epyj;jpw;F mHFk;/ Mapuf;fzf;fhd tptrhapfspd; thH;thjhuj;jpw;F cWJizahft[k; tps';Ffpd;w fUk;gpd; tpisr;rYf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ ey;y ,uf';fSk;/ jukhd tpijfSk;/ mtw;nwhL Toa gaph;bra; neh;j;jp Kiwfs; kw;Wk; jukhd tpijf;fUk;ig njh;t[ bra;tjd; \yk; 10% Kjy; 12% tiu cw;gj;jpia TLjyhf bgwKoa[k;. tpijf;fuizfs; jukhdjhf ,Ue;jhy;jhd; mtw;wpypUe;J cz;lhFk; gapUk; nehaw;wjhft[k;/ g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha;fSf;F vjph;g;g[ rf;jp bfhz;ljhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;. ehk; mspf;Fk; ePh;/ cuk; nghd;w ,LbghUs;fspd; KGg;gaDk; fUk;g[ gapUf;F fpilf;f ntz;Lkhapd;/ jukhd tpijfis cgnahfpg;gJ kpfkpf mtrpak;. brt;tGfy; neha;/ fhpg;g{l;il neha;/ k";rs; ,iy neha;/ kUjhk;g[ g[y;jz;L/ kUjhk;g[ Fs;sj;jd;ik nghd;w neha;fs; tpijf;fuizfs; \yKk; gwt[fpd;wd. vdnt/ Mnuhf;fpakhd gapiu cUthf;f. mjpf kfNiy bgw;wpl neha; ,y;yhj jukhd ehw;w';fshpy; ,Ue;J tpijf;fuizfis njh;e;bjLf;f ntz;Lk;. bgUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; j';fs; epyj;jpy; gaphpl;l neha; jhf;fpa taJ Kjph;e;j fUk;gpypUe;J tpijf;fuizfis vLj;J cgnahfpj;J tUfpwhh;fs;. ,t;thW Mz;lhz;L fhykhf gad;gLj;jptUk;bghGJ ,ufk; kw;Wk; tpijfspd; tPhpak; Fiwtjw;Fk; ,dr;rPuHpt[ ( Clonal degeneration ) Vw;gLtjw;Fk; tha;g;g[fs; mjpfk;. Mfnt/ Kiwahd tpij ehw;w';fhy; jahhpg;gJ vg;go/ jukhd tpijf;fuizfis njh;t[ bra;J vg;go vd tptrhapfs; mwptJ mtrpakhfpwJ. ,jid fUj;jpy; bfhz;L rpy bjhHpy;El;g jfty;fis ,';F bjhFj;jspj;Js;nshk;.

1/ 3/ jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fs; vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; >

jukhd tpijf;fuizfs; vd;gJ 85 rjtpfpjk; Kisg;g[jpwDk; 100% ,dj;J}a;ika[k; kw;Wk; 98 % g[wj;J}a;ika[k; bfhz;ljhft[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. tpijf;fuizfs; 65 %


,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;. ,ilf;fq g[G jhf;fpa fUk;g[fs; 10% f;F kpfhkYk; kw;w g{r;rpfspd; jhf;Fjy; kpf Fiwthft[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

1/ 4/ jukhd tpijfis njh;t[ bra;tJ vg;go >

,jw;F Kd; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l Muha;r;rpfspd; go ekf;F bjhpa tUk; jfty; vd;dbtdpy; EdpfUk;gpy; FSf;nfh!; kw;Wk; gpuf;nlh!; nghd;w xLf;Fk; rh;f;fiufspd; mst[ (reducing sugar) mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mtw;wpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; tpijf; fuizfspd; Kisg;g[j;jpwDk; Kisg;g[ ntfKk; eL kw;Wk; mof;fUk;gpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; tpij fuizfspd Kisg;g[j;jpwd; kw;Wk; Kisg;g[ ntfj;ij fhl;oYk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,f;fUj;jpd; mog;gilapy;jhd;/ ,s';fUk;ig tpijahf gad;gLj;j ntz;Lbkd ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. jkpH:ehl;oy; epyt[k; fhyepiyia fUj;jpy; bfhz;lhy;/ 6 Kjy; 8 khj taJila fUk;ig tpijf;fUk;ghf cgnahfg;gLj;jyhk;. ,s';fUk;g[ fpilf;fhj gl;rj;jpy; mjhtJ 12-khj fUk;ig cgnahfpf;f neh;e;jhy;/ 1 - 1 ½ mo mst[f;F mo fUk;ig ePf;fptpl;L kPjKs;s gFjpapypUe;J fuizfs; btl;lyhk;. gj;J khjj;jpw;F nkyhd taJ Kjph;e;j g{f;fhj fUk;ig tpijf;fhf cgnahfpf;f ntz;oa eph;g;ge;jk; te;jhy;/ ghjpast[ mof;fUk;ig ePf;fptpl;L nky;ghjpia kl;Lk; tpijf;fhf gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. g{f;fhj fUk;ig kl;Lnk tpijf;fhf njh;e;bjLf;f ntz;Lk;. xUntis g{ g{j;j fUk;ig cgnahfpf;f ntz;oa NH;epiy Vw;gl;lhy;/ Edp my;yJ bfhGe;jl;il gFjpapypUe;J 3 my;yJ 4 ,ilfqf;fis ePf;fptpl;L kPjKs;s eL gFjpapypUe;J fuizfs; btl;lyhk;. fuizfis btl;Lk;bghGJ Vw;fdnt Kisj;j gUf;fisa[k;/ g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha; ghjpj;j fuizfisa[k; ePf;fptpl;L Kistuhj gUf;fis kl;Lnk njh;e;bjLf;f ntz;Lk;. bghJthf 3 my;yJ 2 gUf;fs; bfhz;l fuizfs; mjpf Kisg;g[j;jpwd; cilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjpf Kisg;g[ jpwndhL mjpf kfNYk; bgWtjw;fhf 2 gUf;fs; bfhz;l fuizfis tzpf hPjpapy; gapupLtjw;F ghpe;Jiu bra;ayhk;.

1/ 5/ jukhd tpijfis cUthf;Fk; Kiwfs; ahit >

jukhd tpij ehw;Wfis cw;gj;jp bra;a ,uz;L Kiwfis gutyhf gad;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;fs;. mitahtd :- (1) \d;wLf;F tpij ehw;w';fhy; \yk; tpijf; fUk;ig cw;gj;jp bra;jy; kw;Wk; (2) jpR tsh;g;g[ Kiwapy; tpij ehw;Wfis cw;gj;jp bra;jy;. xU rhjhuz tptrhapahy; nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwfis filgpoj;J tpijf; fuizfis vspjpy; cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vd;gJ rw;W fodk;jhd; Mifahy;/ xt;bthU rh;f;fiu Miya[k; mth;fSila Ma;t[ Tlj;jpnyh my;yJ rh;f;fiu Miy gz;izapnyh my;yJ rh;f;fiu Miyapd; vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l gFjpapy; ,Uf;Fk; Kd;ndho tptrhapfspd; gz;izapnyh tpijf;fUk;ig cw;gj;jp bra;J gpd; mtw;iw kw;w tptrhapfSf;F tpepnahfk; bra;ayhk;. nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwfs; \yk; cw;gj;jp bra;j jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fis 2 my;yJ 2 gUf;fs; bfhz;l tpijf;fuizfs; \ynkh my;yJ gUr;rPty; kw;Wk; ghypj;jPd; igfs; tHpahf cUthf;fpa tpij ehw;Wfs; \ynkh gd;kl';fhf bgUf;fp gpwF tptrhapfSf;F tH';f Koa[k;. jpR tsh;g;g[ Kiwapy; tpij ehw;Wfis vt;thW cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vd;W gpd;tUk; ghl';fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjhy;/ \d;wLf;F tpij ehw;w';fhy; ( three - tier seed nurseries ) \yk; tpijf; fUk;ig cw;gj;jp bra;tJ gw;wp kl;Lk; ,';nf tphpthf bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1/ 6/ \d;wLf;F tpij whw;w';fhy; \yk; tpijf;fUk;ig cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vt;thW >

\d;wLf;F tpij ehw;w';fhy; Kiwapy; gjpe;js;s jj;Jtk; vd;dbtdpy; (1) tpijf;fhf gad;gLj;jnghFk; fUk;ig fhw;W brYj;jg;gl;l ePuhtp rpfpr;ir (aerated steam therapy) cl;gLj;jp tpijf;fUk;g[fspd; cs;spUe;J gut[k; fhpg;g{il (smut disease ) vd;Dk; g{";rhz neha;/ ghf;Ohpah \yKk; gut[k; kUjhk;g[ Fl;ilgaph; neha; (RSD ratoon stunting disease)/ igl;nlhgpsh!;kh \yk; gut[k; g[y;jz;L (GSD - grassy shoot disease ) neha; Kjypatw;iw


fl;Lg; gLj;Jjy;/ (2) ePuhtp rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l fUk;gpypUe;J cUthFk; fUk;gpd; tPhpaj;ija[k; (vigour)/ tpisr;riya[k;/ tpijg; bgUf;fj;ija[k; (seed multiplication) gah;bra; neh;j;jpfs; kw;Wk; \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhy; \yk; mjpfhpj;jy;.

\d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhy; vd;gJ Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhy;/ ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhy; kw;Wk; tzpf ehw;w';fhy; vd;w \d;W bgUf;f epiyfis bfhz;lJ. xt;bthU epiyapYk; cw;gj;jpahFk; tpijf;fUk;g[fspd; mst[ mLj;jLj;j epiyfspy; gaphpLk; bghGJ mjpfhpj;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;. nghjpa mst[ tpijf;fUk;g[ cw;gj;jpahdJk;/ tzpf ehw;w';fspypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fUk;ig tptrhapfSf;F tpepnahfk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW cUthd tpijf;fUk;ig 5 Kjy; 6 Mz;Lfs; tiu tptrhapfs; j';fs; epyj;jpy; gaphplyhk;. mjd; gpd;dh; mjhtJ/ 5 tUlk; gaph; bra;jgpd; tzpf ehw;w';fshypypUe;J tpijf;fuizfis vLj;njh my;yJ g[jpjhf fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;l ,uf';fspd; tpijf;fUk;ig bgw;nwh mtw;iw kPz;Lk; btg;g . ePuhtp rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jp Kjdik ehw;w';fshy; tHpahf mLj;jLj;j epiyf;F vLj;Jr; bry;y ntz;Lk; ,t;thW bra;tjd; \yKk;/ nehaw;w jukhd tpijf; fUk;g[fis FWfpa fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp bra;a Koa[k;.

1/ 6/ 1/ fhw;nwl;lg;gl;l ePuhtp rpfpr;ir ( aerated steam therapy ) AST bra;tJ vt;thW >

\d;wLf;F ehw;wh';fhy; Kiwf;fhf njh;t[ bra;ag;gl;l fUk;g[ ,ufj;jpd; neha; jhf;fhj ,s';fUk;ig 2 my;yJ 3 gUf;fs; bfhz;l fuizfshf btl;o mtw;iw AST vd;Dk; ePuhtp rpfpr;ir bra;a[k; ,ae;jpuj;jpy; mLf;fp itj;J 50 ofphp btg;gepiyapy; 1 kzp neuk; fhw;nww;wg;gl;l ePuhtp bfhz;L NLgLj;j ntz;Lk;. ePuhtp rpfpr;ir bra;j fUk;g[fs; kpft[k; bkd;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;. mtw;iw kz;zpy; $Ptpj;jpUf;Fk; er;Raphpfs;/ fiuahd; nghd;witfs; vspjpy; jhf;ff;TLk;. vdnt. AST fyd; Fsph;e;jt[ld; fuizfis btspapy; vLj;J 0.1% fhh;;bgd;lrpk; vd;Dk; g{";rhz bfhy;ypa[ld; 0.1% ,kplhf;nshg;hpl; vd;Dk; g{r;RkUe;J fye;j fiurypy; 5 epkplk; eidj;bjLf;f ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; mtw;iw cldoahf Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhypy; eLjy; ntz;Lk;. nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l btg;g rpfpr;ir GSD, RSD neha;fs; KGikahft[k; fupg;g{l;il nehia xust[f;Fk; guthky; jLf;Fk; Mdhy;/ ,e;j rpfpr;ir brt;tGfy; nehapd; tutiy fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ. Mifahy; tpijf;fUk;ig brt;tGfy; neha; ghjpj;j tay;fspypUe;J vLf;f TlhJ. ,Jkl;Lkpd;wp. ve;j xU taypy; fhpg;g{l;il neha; ghjpj;j fUk;g[fs; 5% f;F mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpwnjh my;yJ g[y;jz;L neha; ghjpj;j fUk;g[fs; 2% f;F mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpwnjh me;j taypy; ,Ue;J tpijf;fUk;g[ vLf;fyhfhJ.

1/ 6/ 2/ Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhy; (Primary nursery)

ePuhtp rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l fUk;g[fis (my;yJ jpR tsh;g;g[ Kiwapy; cUthf;fpa ehw;Wfis) Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhypy; eLjy; ntz;Lk;. ePuhtp rpfpr;ir bra;j fUk;g[fspd; Kisg;g[j;jpwd; (germination %) btg;g rprpf;iff;F cl;gLj;jglhj fUk;g[fspd; Kisg;g[j;jpwid fhl;oYk; Fiwthfnt ,Uf;Fk;. ,jid


Kiw Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhiy Ma;t[ bra;a ntz;Lk; (mjhJ 45 Kjy; 60 tJ ehs;/ 120 Kjy; 13 tJ ehs; kw;Wk; mWtilf;F 15 ehl;fSf;F Kd;g[)/ xt;bthU Ma;tpd;nghJk;/ neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;fpa fUk;g[fis fiye;bjLj;J tpijapd; juj;ij cWjp bra;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW cw;gj;jp bra;tpj;j tpijf; fUk;g[ 6 my;yJ 7 khjj;jpw;Fs; mWtilf;F jauhfptpLk;. xU Vf;fh; Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhypy; 6 - 7 khjj;jpy; tpise;j tpijf;fUk;ig bfhz;L 7 Vf;fh; ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhiy cUthf;f Koa[k;.

1/ 6/ 3 ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhy;

Kjd;ik ehw;w';fhypy; ,Ue;J 6-tJ/ 7-tJ khj';fspy; mWtil bra;j tpijf;fUk;ig Kd;ndho fUk;g[ tptrhapfsplk; bfhLj;J mth;fSila tay;fspy; ,uz;lhk;epiy ehw;w';fhiy cUthf;f ntz;Lk;. ghUf;F - ghh; ,ilbtsp 2 ½ moahfnth my;yJ 3 moahfnth mikj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;. xU Vf;fh; ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhYf;F 25/000 ,U - gU tpijf;fuizfs; njitg;gLk;. tpijf;fuizfis ,k;Kiw btg;g rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;j ntz;oajpy;iy. Kjy;epiy ehw;w';fhypy; nkw;bfhz;l kw;w gaph;bra; neh;j;jpfs; ahtw;iwa[k; ,';F filgpoj;J mjpf tpisr;ry; cs;s ehw;w';fhiy cUthf;f ntz;Lk;. neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;fpa fUk;g[fis fz;lhy; mt;tg;bghGnj fiye;J tpijapd; juj;ij cWjp bra;Jbfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhy; 8-tJ khjj;jpy; mWtilf;F jahuhFk;. ,e;j ehw;w';fhypy; tpijg;bgUf;f mst[ (seed multiplication ratio) 1 : 8 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

1/ 6/ 4 tzpf ehw;w';fhy;

,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhypypUe;J 8-tJ khjk; Kjy; mWtilahFk; tpijf;fUk;g[fis tzpf ehw;w';fhypy; el ntz;Lk;. tzpf ehw;w';fhiy Kd;ndho tptrhapfSk; gpw tptrhapfSk; cUthf;fyhk;. neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;fpa fUk;g[fis fz;lhy; mtw;iw fiye;bjLj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;. ,uz;lhk; epiy ehw;w';fhypy; nkw;bfhz;l gaph;bra; neh;j;jpfis ,';Fk; filgpoj;J mjpf tpisr;ry; bfhz;l gaph;bra; neh;j;jpfis ,';Fk; filgpoj;J mjpf tpisr;ry; bfhz;l ehw;w';fhiy cUthf;f ntz;Lk;. mWtilf;F xU khjj;jpw;F Kd; tpijf;fUk;gpy; 50 fpnyh a{hpah ,Ltjd; \yk; tpijf; fuizfspd;


ehw;w';fhypy; ,Ue;J vLj;J mtw;iw kPz;Lk; btg;g rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jp \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhy; RHw;wp Kiwia 5 Mz;Lfs; tiu ePof;fyhk;. ,jdhy; tptrhapfSf;F vd;d ed;ik> jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fSk; g[jpa ,uf';fspd; tpijfSk; tptrhapfSf;F tpiutpy; fpilj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. tpisr;ry; 10 % Kjy; 12 % tiu mjpfhpf;Fk;. gaph; ghJfhg;g[f;F brytpLk; gzk; kpr;rkhFk;. jukw;w fUk;g[fs; thapyhf kz;zpYk; fhw;wpYk; nrUk; er;Raphpfspd; mst[ Fiwe;J Rw;Wg;g[wk; nkk;gLk;.

rkPg fhyj;jpy; jpR tsh;g;g[ Kiwapy; Vw;gl;LtUk; Kd;ndw;wj;ij fUj;jpy; bfhz;L/ jpU. nkhfd; eha;L (2010) mth;fs; xU';fpize;j fUk;g[ tpij ehw;w';fhy; vd;Dk; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. ,e;j Kiwapy; \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhYld; itu!; ePf;fg;bgw;w jpR tsh;g;g[ ehw;Wfs; (virus indexed culture seedlings) kw;Wk; gUr;rPty; Kiwapy; \yk; (bud chip technique) jahh; bra;ag;gl;l ehw;Wfs; xU';fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU';fpize;j tpij ehw;w';fhy; Kiwapd; \yk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Fiwe;j brytpy; nehaw;w tpijf;fUk;g[fis cw;gj;jp bra;aKoa[k;. nkYk; tpgu';fis glk; 2 -d; \yk; mwpf.

glk; 1 10/000 Vf;fh; bfhz;l xU rh;f;fiu Miyapy; \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhs; \yk; jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fis 5 Mz;Lfspy; cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vt;thW vd tpsf;Fk; glk; (Mjhuk; mbyf;!hz;lh;/ 1995)

1/8/ ghlr;RUf;fk;

neha; ,y;yhj jukhd tpijf;fUk;g[fis cw;gj;jp bra;tijna ,yf;fhf bfhz;L ,e;j ghlk; totikf;fg;gl;lJ. tpijf; fUk;g[ cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; tptrhapfs epidtpy; bfhs;s ntz;oait ahbjdpy; 6 Kjy; 8 khj fUk;igna tpijf;fhf gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. btg;g rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ jpR tsh;g;g[ Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l tpijf;fUk;g[fis cgnahfpf;f ntz;Lk;. \d;wLf;F tpij ehw;w';fhypy; 25 % TLjy; cu';fis ,l;L ed;F fz;fhzpj;J tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;. tpijf;fUk;gpy; njhif chpj;jy; kw;Wk; njhifia bfhz;L tpl;lk; fl;Ljy; TlhJ. tpijf;fUk;ig kw;w ,l';fSf;F vLj;J bry;Yk;bghGJ cyh; njhifnahL vLj;J brd;why;jhd; gUf;fSf;F nrjk; tuhJ. fuizfis jahh; bra;a[k;bghGJ/ njhifia mUthshy; ePf;fhky; ifahy; kl;Lnk chpf;f ntz;Lk;. fuizfis btl;Lk;bghGJ gUf;fs; cilahky; btl;Ljy; ntz;Lk;. ve;j gUtj;jpy; ehw;w';fhy; jahhpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gij bjhpe;J bfhz;L gaph; bra;jhy; epr;rak; ,yhgk; fpilf;Fk;.


tzpf hPjpapy; fUk;g[ elt[ bra;a[k; gUtk;

vg;bghGJ tpij ehw;w';fhy; jahhpf;f ntz;Lk;>

Kd; gl;lk; (ork;gh; - $dthp ) $^d; / itfhrp - Mdp

eL gl;lk; (gpg;uthp - khh;r;) $^iy / itfhrp - Mdp

gpd; gl;lk; (Vg;uy; - nk) Mf!;l; / Mdp - Mo

rpwg;g[g; gl;lk; ($%d; - $^iy) ork;gh; / khh;fHp - ij

glk; 2 xU';fpize;j fUk;g[ tpij ehw;w';fhy; Kiw \yk; 2/500 ld; mwitj; jpwd; bfhz;l xU rh;f;fiu Miyf;F my;yJ 9/000 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpw;F ntz;oa tpijf;fUk;g[fis cw;gj;jp bra;tJ vt;thW vd;gij tpsf;Fk; glk;.

1. 9 ,g;ghlj;jpd; Kf;fpa thh;j;ijfs; : fUk;g[/ tpijf;fuizfs;/ \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fhy;

1. 10 c';fs; fw;wy; jpwid nrhjpj;jy;

1. jukhd tpijf;fuizfspd; Fiwe;j gl;r Kisg;g[ jpwd; vt;tsthf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

m) 30 % M) 50 % ,) 85 %

2. tpijf;fUk;ig vj;jid khj fUk;gpypUe;J njh;t[ bra;tJ ey;yJ >

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3. fhw;nwl;lg;gl;l ePuhtp rpfpr;irf;F ( aerated steam therapy ) Vw;w btg;gepiy kw;Wk; neuk; vt;tst[ >

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4. tzpf ehw;w';fhypy;/ mWtilf;F xU khjj;jpw;F Kd; tpijf;fUk;gpy; a{hpah ,Ltjd; \yk; tpijf; fuizfspd; jtwh >

m) rhp M) jtW

5. tpijf;fUk;gpd; gUf;fs; nrjkiltij ve;bje;j tHpfspy; jtph;f;fyhk; >

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fUk;gpy; jukhd tpij kw;Wk; ehw;w';fhy; guhkhpg;g[

vd;/ ,uh$e;jpu gpurhj; gaph; ,dg;bgUf;fk; kw;Wk; nkyhz;ik Jiw

,.nt.M.f.- fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk; nfhak;g[j;J}h;-641 007.

fUk;gpy; jukhd cw;gj;jpapid bgUf;Ftjw;F vy;yhtpj g[wf;fhuhzpfisa[k;/ jh';fp tsuf; Toa mjpf rh;f;fiu rj;J bfhz;l ,uf';fs; kw;Wky;yhky;/ jukhd tpij fUid cw;gj;jpa[k; kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. jukhd tpijahdJ 85% Kisg;g[ jpwDilaJk; ve;jtpj g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha; jhf;Fjy; ,y;yhj jha; fUk;gpypUe;J vLf;f glntz;Lk;. ,njhL kl;Lky;yhky; jha; fUk;gpd; gz;g[fs; khwhky; ,Ug;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nkYk; tpij\yk; gutf;Toa neha;fshy; jhd; fUk;gpd; brk;ikrhFgo ghjpf;fgLtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; me;j ,uf';fspy; ek;gfjd;ika[k; ghjpf;fgLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpj ghjpg;g[fis jtph;f;f kpfj;jukhd tpijgaph;fis tH';FtJ kpf Kf;fpakhd eltof;ifahf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

fUk;gpd; tpij ntW gaph;fs; nghy; my;yhky; fUk;gpy;/ jz;L tpijahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ 1/2 my;yJ 3 fz;fSila (Kiw FUj;J) jz;lhdJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. fUk;g[ jz;od; ,sk; jz;L gFjpapd; FUj;J Kisg;gjw;F njitahd


,e;j gaph;fs; neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;Fjy; ,y;yhky; rpwe;j Kiwapy; guhkhpf;fg;gl;L MW Kjy; vl;L khj';fspy; mWtil bra;ag;gl;L tpij kw;Wk; tzpf tpij ehw;w';fhy; tsh;f;Fk; tptrhapfSf;F tpdpnahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

3/ th;j;jf kw;Wk; bghJ tpdpnahf ehw;w';fhy;

,e;j Kiwapy; tpij kw;Wk; tpij ehw;w';fhy; kpf rPhpa Kiwapy; guhkhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j guhkhpg;nghL kl;Lky;yhky; fPH; Twg;gLk; KiwfSk; jukhd ehw;w';fhy; tptrhapfSf;F fpilf;f bra;a[k; Kiw kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;.

btg;grpfpr;irapd; tPhpak; Ie;J Mz;Lfs; tiu cs;sJ. vdnt xt;bthU Ie;jhz;L RHw;rpapy; tpijahdJ xt;bthU gFjpf;Fk; brd;wila[khW jpl;lkpLjy; kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,t;thW bra;tjhy; j';Fjilapy;yhky; Rj;jphpf;fg;gl;l tpij brd;wila[k;. \d;wLf;F ehw;w';fs; jpl;lk; vd;gJ xt;bthU rh;f;fiu Miya[k; bray;gLj;jp jukhd kw;Wk; Kiwahd tpij RHw;rp Vw;gl;L vy;yh fUk;g[ tptrhapfSk; jukhd tpij bgw;W vf;nlUf;F ruhrhp 10-12% mjpf kfNy; bgwyhk;. rh;f;fiu MiyfSk; ika tpijfis Muha;r;rp epiya';fspypUe;J mt;tg;nghJ bgw;W jukhd tpij RHw;rpia bray;gLj;jyhk;.

tpij cw;gj;jp Kiwfs;

1. gaph; ,dg;bgUf;f tpij

,t;tpij gaph; ,dg;bgUf;f tp";"hdpfspd; neuo nkw;ghh;itapy; cUthf;f gl;l kpfj;J}a;ikahd fyg;g[ ,y;yhj tpijahFk;.

2. Mjhu tpij

gaph; ,dg;bgUf;f tpijapypUe;J rh;f;fiu Miyfspd; gz;izfs; kw;Wk; tptrhaj;Jiw tpijg;gz;izfspy; cUthf;fg;gLtjhFk;.

3. rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l tpij

,e;j tpijahdJ Kd;ndho tptrhapfspDila gz;izfspy; rpwe;j Kiwapy; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L cUthf;fgLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ehw;w';fhypy; ,Ue;J tzpf hPjpahd gaph; cw;gj;jpf;F tpij ehw;Wf;fs; tH';fg;gLfpd;wJ.

btg;g rpfpr;ir

fUk;gpd; tpij fuizfspy; fhzg;gLk; neha; fpUkpfis ,e;j rpfpr;irKiwapdhy; mHpj;Jtpl Koa[k;. RL ePh;/


xw;iw tpij FUj;J rPty; Kiwapdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

1. fUk;gpd; jz;LgFjpia kpr;rg;gLj;j ,aYk; kw;Wk; ,yFthf xU ,lj;jpypUe;J kw;w ,l';fSf;F mDg;g Koa[k;.

2. Mnuhf;fpakhd tpij Kis FUj;jpid njh;t[ bra;J vLf;f ,aYk;.

3. fuiz \ykhf gut[k; neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j Koa[k;.

4. tpij FUj;jpid vLj;j gpd;g[ kPjKs;s fUk;gpid rhW vLf;fnth my;yJ rh;f;fiu Ml;lnth gad;gLj;jp bfhs;syhk;.

xw;iw tpij FUj;J rPty; jahh; bra;a[k; Kiw

1. neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp bjhw;W ,y;yhj 6-8 khj taJila fUk;gpid njh;t[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.

2. xw;iw FUj;J tpij rPty; jahhpf;f mof;fUk;gpiz jtph;j;J kw;w gFjpia vLf;fntz;Lk;.

3. rPty; vLf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ij cgnahfpj;J xw;iw FUj;J tpij rPty; vLf;fntz;Lk;.

4. ,tw;iw 1-2 kzpneuk; epHypy; cyh;j;j ntz;Lk;.

5. khyj;jpahd; 50Ec 0.1 % (2 kpyp - xU ypl;lh; jz;zPh;) kw;Wk; fhh;bgd;lhrpk; 0.1% (1 kpyp - xU ypl;lh; jz;zPh;) ,uz;Lk; nrh;e;j fyit jahhpj;J

6. ,e;j fyitapy; btl;o vLf;fg;gl;l xw;iw FUj;J rPtiy 10 epkpl';fs; itj;J mtw;iw ,uz;L kzp neuk; epHypy; cyh;j;j ntz;Lk;.

7. ntW ,l';fSf;F mDg;g[tbjd;why; Jisaplg;gl;l gpsh!;of; igfspy; fl;o gpd;g[ ml;ilg;bgl;oapy; itj;J mDg;g[tJ rpwe;jJ.

xw;iw tpij FUj;J (tpij gU rPty;) ehw;w';fhy; tsh;f;Fk; Kiw

kz;/ kzy;/ bjhG cuk; my;yJ bjd;id ehh; fHpt[ ,tw;iw rk mstpy; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L ed;whf fye;J ,e;j fyitia 15 x 10 br.kP mst[s;s gpsh!;of; igfspy; epug;gp cgnahfpf;fyhk;. ,J kl;Lky;yhky; gpsh!;of; ehw;w';fhy; jl;Lf;fisa[k; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

elt[ bra;antz;oa xw;iw tpij FUj;J rPtiy 0.1% fhh;bgd;ilrk; fiurypy; 10 epkplk; eidj;J gad;gLj;jt[k;.

,ij jahuhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghypjPd; igapnyh my;yJ ehw;w';fhy; jl;Lf;fspnyh bkhl;L neuhf ,Uf;FkhW elt[ bra;antz;Lk;.

jz;zPh; toe;J XLtjw;F rpwpa Jisfis ,LtJ kpf mtrpakhFk;.,e;j elt[ bra;ag;gl;l jl;Lf;fs mLf;fp itj;jgpd; mjd; nky; xU jhh; ghypd; fth;

bra;tJ ehw;Wf;fs; ntfkhf Kisg;gjw;F cjtp bra;a[k;.

FUj;J Kisg;gjw;F Muk;gpj;j gpd;g[ mtw;wpid gdpj;Jsp bjspg;ghd miwapy; itg;gJ ghJfhg;ghd tsh;r;rpf;F kpf mtrpakhd xd;whFk; my;yJ ,ij xU epHy; tiy miwapy; itg;gJk; xU Kiwahf ifahsg;gLfpd;wJ.

gdpj;Jsp bjspg;ghd; miwapd; \ykhf ehw;W tsh;tjw;F njitahd ePh; fpilf;Fk;. epHy; tiy miwapy; (gRik Foy;) nuh!; nfd; \ykhf njitahd ePh; bjspf;fyhk;.

Cl;lr;rj;J gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; g{r;rp/ neha; bjhw;W nghd;wtw;iw fz;fhzpj;J jf;f


ghJfhg;g[ eltof;if nkw;bfhs;tJ kpf mj;jpahtrpakhdjhFk;.

4-6 thu';fSf;F gpd;g[ ,e;j ehw;Wf;fis vLj;J 40 x 45 br.kP ,ilbtspapy; rpW FHpfis vLj;J elt[bra;a ntz;Lk;.

mjpf gf;f J}h;fs; jUk; ,uf';fs; vd;why; ,ilbtspia ruhrhpa vLj;J elt[bra;jy; cfe;jjhFk;.

xU Vf;fUf;F 5000 Kjy; 7000 ehw;Wf;fis nehpa Kiwapy; elt[ bra;ayhk;.mfy ghh; 5 mo ,ilbtsp elt[ nkw;bfhz;lhy; CL gaph;fshd jf;fhsp kw;Wk;

nrhahgPd;!; nghd;wtw;iw fUk;gpd; Muk;g epiy tsh;r;rp rkaj;jpy; elt[ bra;J mjpf gad; bgwyhk;.

cuk; kw;Wk; ePh; nkyhz;ikia me;j me;j ,l';fSf;F Vw;wgo cgnahfg;gLj;jyhk;.brhl;L ePh; ghrd Kiwapdhy; mjpf kfNy; bgwyhk;.fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;f epWtdj;jpy; ele;j Ma;t[fspy; xd;iw FUj;J rPty; \yk;

bgwg;gl;l ehw;Wf;fspy; mjpf gf;f fpis tsh;r;rpa[k; KG Kisg;g[ jpwDk; bfhLg;gJ fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;l cz;ikahFk;.


fUk;gpy; jpR tsh;g;g[ ehw;W cw;gj;jpa[k; gad;ghLfSk; 1J/ ePykjp kw;Wk; 2br/ b$angh!;

1Kjd;ik tp"]"hdp/ 2KJepiy tp":"hdp. fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;/

,.nt.M.f. - nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 007

fUk;gpy; tpijf; fuizfs; cw;gj;jp tpfpjk; kpff; Fiwthf (1:10) ,Ug;gjhy; g[jpa ,uf';fis

eilKiwf;F bfhz;Ltu gy Mz;LfshfpwJ. ,jid


tsh;r;rpf;nfw;g ,dg;bgUf;fk; bra;a[k; ntW Clfj;jpw;F khw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW khw;wpagpd;

fqbkhl;Lf;fspd; \yk; g[jpa gaph;fs; tsuj; bjhl';Ffpd;wd. ,g;gaph;fs; 15-20 ehl;fSf;Fg;

gpwF g[jpa Clfj;jpw;F khw;wg;gLfpd;wd. xt;bthU Kiw Clf khw;wg;gLk; nghJ g[jpa gaph;fs;

gy;fpg; bgUFfpd;wd. ,g;gaph;fs; 20-25 ehl;fSf;Fs; KGr;brofshf nth;tpl;L cUthf;fk;

bgWfpd;wd. ,e;j bray; Kiwfs; midj;Jk; Fsp+l;lg;gl;l (25°bry;rpa!;) kw;Wk; braw;if

xsp Cl;lg;gl;l miwapy; eilbgWfpd;wd.

rPnjh#;z epiyf;F gjg;gLj;Jk; Kiw

kz; : tz;ly; kz; : cuk; Mfpatw;iw 1:1:1 tpfpjj;jpy; fye;J 5 br.kP x 10 br.kP mst[s;s

ghypjPd; igapy; epug;gp gaph;fs; elt[ bra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gaph;fs;/ Ez;Jfpy; ePh;j; bjspg;ghd;

miwapy; 15-20 ehl;fs; tiuapYk; jpR tsh;g;g[r; brofs; btspg;g[w rPnjh#;z epiyf;nfw;g

gjg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,g;gaph;fs; 30-45 ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; 45 br.kP x 90 br.kP ,ilbtspapy; tay;fspy;

elg;gLfpwJ. ,k;Kiwapy; Vf;fUf;F 6/000 tpijg;gaph;fs; njitg;gLfpd;wd.

Ez; jz;L jpR tsh;g;g[ ,dg;bgUf;fj;jpd; gad;fs;

1. jpR tsh;g;g[ : Ez; ,dg;bgUf;fk; bra;J nehaw;w brofis mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; FWfpa fhy

mstpy; cUthf;fyhk;.

2. xt;bthU ,ufj;jpd; jdpj;jd;ik khwhky; ,Ug;gJ ,jd; jdpr;rpwg;ghFk;.

3. Fiwe;j gl;rk; vf;lUf;F 10 ld; TLjy; kfR{y; fpilf;f tha;g;g[s;sJ.

4. giHa ,uf';fspd; khwha; gz;gpid g[Jg;gpf;ft[k; ,e;j Kiw cjt[fpwJ.

5. tpij ehw;Wf;fis ve;j neuj;jpYk; bgw;Wf; bfhs;s ,aYk;.

jpR tsh;;g;g[ \yk; bgwg;gl;l brofis tptrhapfSk; neuoahf gad;gLj;jyhk;. Kjypy;

1000 jpRr; tsh;g;g[ brofis th';fp mtw;iw brof;Fr; bro 45 br.kP. ghUf;F ghh; 90 br.kP

,ilbtspapy; elt[ bra;J jpR tsh;g;g[ ehw;w';fhy; jahhpf;f ntz;Lk;. gpd;g[ 7-8 khjg; gapiu

btl;o tpijf;fuizfshf gad;gLj;jp nehaw;w ey;y jukhd gaph; tsh;e;J ey;y kfR{y;

milayhk;.

bray;Kiw RUf;fk;

• jukhd jz;L Edpia gphpj;bjLj;jy;

• fpUkp ehrpdp kw;Wk; My;fQhy; cgnahfpj;J Rj;jg;gLj;Jjy;

• jz;L EdpapypUe;J Edpf;FUj;ij vLj;J Clfj;jpy; itj;jy;

• Edpf;FUj;jpypUe;J fqbkhl;Lf;fs; tsh;j;jy;

• tsh;e;j fqf;fis gphpj;bjLj;J ntW Clfj;jpw;F khw;Wjy;

• nth;tpl;l brofisg; gjg;gLj;jy;.

jpR tsh;g;g[ brofspd; guhkhpg;g[

1. jpR tsh;g;g[g; gaph;fs; elt[ bra;jgpd; \d;W ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw ePh; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;.

2. ,g;gaph;fs; 45 my;yJ 55 ehl;fSf;F gpd; 45 br.kP. x 90br. kP. ,ilbtspapy; tay;fspy;

elntz;Lk;.


3. jpRg;gaph;fis 10 br.kP. mfyk; cs;s FHpfspy; elt[ bra;a ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ.

4. ghypj;jPd; igia gaph; elt[ bra;a[Kd; kz;fiyahky; gapUf;F nfL tuhky; fpHpj;bjLf;f

ntz;Lk;.

5. jpRg;gaph;fis el;lt[ld; ePh; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;. mjpYk; btg;gfhyj;jpy; thuj;jpy; ,uz;L

Kiw ePh; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;jJ Kjy; xU khjk; tiu ,t;thW bra;a ghpe;Jiu

bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

6. fisf;bfhy;yp ml;urpd; bQf;lUf;F 1.75 fpnyh elt[ bra;a[Kd; bjspf;f ghpe;Jiu

bra;ag;gLfpwJ.

7. ,urhad cu';fis Vf;fUf;F jiHr;rj;J (280 kg/ha) rhk;gy;rj;J (120 kg/ha) \d;W

jtizfspy rhprkkhf gphpj;J 30/ 60 kw;Wk; 90 ehl;fspy; ,lntz;Lk;.

8. jpRg;gaph;fs; elt[ bra;tjw;F Kd; Ng;gh; gh!;ngl; 75 kg/ha ,l ntz;Lk;.

9. cukpLk;nghJ kz; mizf;Fk; nghJk; jpRg;gaph;fs; nrjkhfhjthW ghh;f;f ntz;Lk;.

10. \d;whk; kz; mizj;jy; 90 my;yJ 100 ehl;fSf;Fs; ,l ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpoy;

xy;ypahd fUk;g[ my;yJ rhpahd tsh;r;rpapd;ik fhzg;gLk;.

11. ,s';FUj;J g[G jhf;fpdhy; Fnshh;ighpgh!; xU ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; 4 kpyp my;yJ

ypz;nld; ,lntz;Lk;.


fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; kfNiyg; bgUf;f tHpKiwfs;

f/ rptuhkd; Kjd;ik tp";"hdp/ fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;/

,e;jpa ntshz;ik Muha;r;rpf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 007

fUk;g[ kfNy;

fUk;g[g; gaphpy; mjpfgl;rkhf Vf;fUf;F 188 ld; kfNy; bgwf;Toa tha;g;g[ ,Ug;gjhf rkPgj;jpa Muha;r;rpapy; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Muha;r;rp epiya tay;fspy; my;yJ fUk;g[ rhFgoahsh;fspd; tay;fspy; ,e;j mjpf mst[ kfNy; bgwg;gltpy;iyahdhYk;. Vf;fUf;F 102 ld; tiu gy ,l';fspy; kfNy; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mdhy; ruhrhp fUk;g[ kfNy;/ cyf mstpy; Vf;fUf;F 28 ld; ,e;jpa mstpy; Vf;fUf;F 29 ld; jkpHfj;jpy; Vf;fUf;F 44 ld; vd;w mstpy; kl;Lnk ,Uf;fpwJ/ jkpHfj;jpy; ,e;j ruhrhp kfNiy Vf;fUf;F 70 ld; tiu cah;j;Jk; tha;g;g[s;sJ/ jdpg;gl;l fUk;g[ rhFgoahsh;fs; Vf;fUf;F 110 ld; tiu kfNy; vLf;f ,aYk;/ ,t;tpyf;if mila fUk;g[ rhFgoahsh;fs; bray;gLj;j ntz;oa Fwpg;g[fs; fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

fUk;g[ rhFgof;F Vw;w epyk; jahhpg;g[ Kiwfs;

epyk; jahhpg;g[ Vd;>

fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jt[k;. fuizfis kz;zpy; gjpa itf;ft[k;. nth;fs; vspjhf tsUk; tifapy; kz;iz ,sf;fp kpUJthf;ft[k;. kz;zpd; ePh;g;gpog;g[j; jd;ikia mjpfkhf;ft[k; kw;Wk; ,aw;if vUit kz;zpy; fyf;ft[k; epyj; jahhpg;g[ mtrpakhfpwJ.

cHt[ bra;a ntz;oa MHk;

bgUk;ghyhd fUk;g[ nth;fs; 2 mo MHk; tiu bry;fpwJ/ mjdhy; Kjy; cHt[ Fiwe;j gl;rk; xU mo MHkhtJ ,Uf;Fk;go bra;a ntz;Lk;.

ouhf;lh; \yk; epyk; jahhpg;g[

ouhf;lh; \yk; epyk; jahhpg;gjhdhy; Kjy; cHt[ rl;of; fyg;ig my;yJ ,wf;if fyg;ig \yk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/ gpwF nuhl;lntl;lh; \yk; fl;ofis cilf;f ntz;Lk;/ mjd; gpd;dh;. bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig \yk; ,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; \d;whtJ cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ mjd;gpd;/ rkd; bra;a[k; fUtp \yk; epyj;ij rkd;gLj;j ntz;Lk;/ epyk; rkd;gLj;jpagpd;/ bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig \yk; ehd;fhtJ kw;Wk; Ie;jhtJ cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ mjd;gpd; ghh; gpof;Fk; fyg;ig \yk; jFe;j ,ilbtspapy; ghh; gpof;f ntz;Lk;.

fhy;eil \yk; epyk; jahhpg;g[

fhy;eil \yk; epyk; jahhpg;gjhdhy;. ,wf;if fyg;ig \yk; Kjy; cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ mjd;gpd;. ehl;Lf; fyg;ig \yk; ehd;ife;J Kiw cHt[ bra;jy; mtrpak;/ gpwF ghh; fyg;ig \yk; jFe;j ,ilbtspapy; ghh; Xl;l ntz;Lk;.

epyk; jahhpg;gpd;nghJ ,aw;if cuk;

filrp cHt[f;F Kd; ,aw;if cu';fshd bjhGcuk;/ fk;ngh!;l;/ ed;F kf;fpa Miy mGf;F ,jpy; VjhtJ xd;iw Vf;fUf;F 10 ld; tiu ,LtJ ey;yJ/ gRe;jhs; cug;gaph; (rdg;g[/ jf;ifg;g{z;L) tsh;j;jpUe;jhy; Kjy; cHtpy; ,wf;if fyg;igia cgnahfpj;J klf;fp cGJ/ ,uz;L thu';fSf;F kf;ftpl;L/ gpwF cHt[ bra;J epyj;ij jahhpf;f ntz;Lk;.


ghUf;Fg; ghh; ,ilbtsp

ghUf;Fg; ghh; ,ilbtsp/ fUk;g[g; gaphpLk; taypd; kz; tsj;ija[k;/ rhFgo bra;ag;gLk; fUk;g[ ,ufj;jpd; J}h;tpLk; jpwida[k; bghUj;J khWgLk;/ ey;y tskhd kz;zpy; ed;F J}h; tpl;L tsUk; ,ufk; gaphpLtjhdhy; 3 mo ,ilbtspa[k;/ ey;y tskhd kz;zpy;/ Fiwe;j J}h;tpl;L tsUk; ,ufk; gaphpLtjdhy; my;yJ tsk; Fiwe;j kz;zpy;/ ed;F J}h;tpl;L tsUk; ,ufk; gaphpLtjdhy; 2½ mo ,ilbtspa[k;/ tsk; Fiwe;j kz;zpy;/ Fiwe;j J}h;tpl;L tsUk; ,ufk; gaphpLtjhdhy; 2 mo ,ilbtspa[k; bfhLj;J ghh; mikf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,ae;jpu';fs; \yk; elt/ mWtil bra;a 5 mo mfyg;ghh; mikf;f ntz;Lk;.

ghh; MHk;

fUk;g[g; gaph; ed;F nth; Cd;wp tsut[k;/ fUk;g[ tsh;e;jgpd; rhahky; ,Uf;ft[k;/ fUk;g[g; ghh; ¾ mo Kjy; xU mo tiu ed;F MHkhf ,Uf;Fk;go mikf;f ntz;Lk;/ MHkhd ghhpy; fUk;g[ elt[ bra;jhy;/ ed;F kz; mizf;f VJthf ,Uf;Fk;/ ed;whf kz; mizj;jhy;/ fUk;g[ mWtil bra;a[k;tiu rhahky; ,Ue;J ey;y kfNy; bfhLf;Fk;.

fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; elt[ bra;a[k; Kiwfs;

,ufk;

fUk;gpy; ey;y kfNy; bgw ntz;Lkhdhy;/ fUk;g[ rhFgo bra;a[k; ,lj;jpw;F Vw;w xU ey;y ,ufj;ij njh;t[ bra;J rhFgo bra;a ntz;Lk;/ rkPgj;jpy; jkpH;ehl;Lf;F Vw;w gy g[jpa fUk;g[ ,uf';fs; btspaplg;gl;Ls;sd/ ,tw;Ws; nfh 8021/ nfh 86032/ nfh 86249/ nfh 97009/ nfh f 90063/ nfh rp 95071 kw;Wk; nfh F 93076/ nfh F 94077 Kf;fpakhdit.

tpijf; fuizfs;

neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;fhj 6 Kjy; 8 khj taJila ehw;w';fhy; gaphpypUe;J fuizfis jahhpf;f ntz;Lk;/ xU gU kw;Wk; \d;W gU fuizfisf; fhl;oYk;. ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;tJ ey;yJ.

tpij neh;j;jp

fuizfis elt[f;FKd;. 100 fpuhk; ghtp!;od; kw;Wk; 1 fpnyh a{hpahit 100 ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fiuj;J cz;lhf;fpa kUe;J fiurypy; 10 epkplk; Cwitj;J elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.

elt[ bra;a[k; Kiw

ghUf;Fg; ghh; ,ilbtsp 3 mo vd;w epiyapy; xU Vf;fUf;F 30/000 ,U gU fuizfs; njit/ ,e;j vz;zpf;if/ ghUf;Fg; ghh; ,ilbtsp 3 moapypUe;J Fiwa[k;nghJ rw;W mjpfhpf;Fk;; 3 moiatpl mjpfkhFk;nghJ rw;W Fiwa[k;/ ghUf;Fg; ghh; ,ilbtsp 2 mo Kjy; 4 mo tiu ,Uf;Fk;nghJ/ fUk;g[ rhypy; xt;bthU mo ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,uz;L ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ 5 mo mfy ghh; Kiwapy; elt[ bra;a[k;nghJ/ fuizfis rhypd; FWf;fhfnth my;yJ rhypy; ¾ mo ,ilbtspapy; ,uz;L thpirfshfnth elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ ,jw;F rhypd; xt;bthU mo J}uj;jpw;Fk; \d;W ,U gU fuizfs; njit/ fuizfis elt[ bra;a[k;nghJ. gUf;fs; gf;f thl;oy; ,Uf;Fk;go elt[ bra;tJ ey;yJ/

kzw;gh';fhd kz;zpy; fuizfis rhypy; itj;J 2 m';Fy cauj;jpw;F kz;zhy; \oagpd; jz;zPh; gha;r;ryhk;/ fsp kz;zhf ,Ue;jhy;/ jz;zPh; gha;r;rpa gpwF fuizfis rhypy; mjpf MHk; nghfhky; elt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;.

fUk;g[f;F cukply;

kw;w gaph;fisg; nghynt fUk;g[f;Fk; gjpdhWf;Fk; nkw;gl;l Cl;lr; rj;Jf;fs;


njitg;gLfpd;wd/ ,urhad cu';fs; ,Ltjd; \yk; bgUk;ghYk; gapUf;F mjpf mstpy; njitg;gLk; jiHr;rj;J. kzpr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy;rj;J kl;Lnk gaph;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;wd/ ,aw;if cu';fs; ,Ltjd; \yk; gapUf;F ntz;oa xt;bthU Cl;lr;rj;Jk; rpwpjsthtJ fpilf;Fk;/ mjdhy; ,urhad cu';fspLtJ vt;tst[ mtrpankh mnjnghy; ,aw;if cu';fs; ,LtJk; ey;y kfNy;bgw ,d;wpaikahjJ.

,aw;if cu';fs;

bjhG cuk;/ gz;iz vU/ fk;ngh!;l;/ kf;fpa Miy mGf;F ,tw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;iw Vf;fUf;F 10 ld; tiu filrp cHt[f;F Kd; ,l ntz;Lk;/ fUk;g[ rhFgof;F Kd; rdg;g[ my;yJ jf;ifg;g{z;L gaph; bra;J mij ,wf;if fyg;igia cgnahfpj;J klf;fp cGtJ ey;yJ.

,urhad cu';fs;

kz; ghpnrhjid bra;J njitahd cu msit fzf;fpl;L ,LtJ ey;yJ/ kz; ghpnrhjid bra;a ,ayhj gl;rj;jpy;. ,urhad cu';fis Vf;fUf;F jiHr;rj;J 112 fpnyh. kzpr;rj;J 25 fpnyh/ rhk;gy;rj;J 48 fpnyh vd;w mstpy; fzf;fpl;L ,l ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mst[ rj;Jf;fis bgWtjw;F ,l ntz;oa btt;ntW tifahd ,urhad cu';fspd; mst[ fPnH ml;ltizfspy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/

1/ a{hpah. Ng;gh; kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; ,Ltjhdhy; cu mst[

cu';;fs;Vf;fUf;F fpnyhtpy;

elt[f;F Kd; 45-k; ehs; 90-k; ehs;

a{hpah - 120 120

Ng;gh; gh!;ngl; 150 - -

\hpnal; Mg; bghl;lh#; - 40 40

2/ 10-26-26 fhk;gsf;!;. a{hpah kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; ,Ltjhdhy; cumst[

cu';;fs;Vf;fUf;F fpnyhtpy;


10-26-26 fhk;gsf;!; 100 - -

a{hpah - 110 110


3/ 17-17-17 fhk;gsf;!;. a{hpah kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; ,Ltjhdhy; cumst[

cu';fs;Vf;fUf;F fpnyhtpy;


17-17-17 fhk;gsf;!; 150 - -

a{hpah - 100 100


4/ o/V/gp/. a{hpah kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; ,Ltjhdhy; cumst[



o/V/gp/ 55 - -


a{hpah - 110 110


5/ 20-20 fhk;g;sf;!;. a{hpah kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; ,Ltjhdhy; cumst[



20-20 fhk;gsf;!; 125 - -

a{hpah - 100 100


Ez;qaph; cu';fs;

mn!h!;ighpy;yk; caph; cuk; ,Ltjd; \yk; fhw;wpYs;s jiHr;rj;ij fUk;g[g;gaph; Xust[ bgw VJthFk;/ gh!;nghngf;Ohpah caph; cuj;ij ,Ltjd; \yk;. kz;zpy; cs;s ePhpy; fiuahj kzpr;rj;ij gapUf;F fpilf;Fk;go bra;ayhk;/ ,jw;F. mn!h!;ighpy;yk; caph; cuk; 2 fpnyh. gh!;nghngf;Ohpah caph; cuk; 2 fpnyh/ bjhGcuk; 200 fpnyh Mfpatw;iwf; fye;J fUk;g[ elt[ bra;j 30-k; ehs;/ fUk;g[ rhypy; ,l;L ePh; gha;r;r ntz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk; ,nj mst[ caph;cuf; fyitia 60-k; ehs; ,l ntz;Lk;/ caph;cuj;ij ,urhad cu';;fSld; fye;J ,lf; TlhJ/ ,urhad cukpLtjw;F 10-15 ehl;fs; Kd;djhfnth my;yJ ,urhad cukpl;l 10-15 ehl;fs; fHpj;njh caph; cu';fis ,l ntz;Lk;/ caph;cuk; ,Lk; tay;fSf;F. ,urhad cukhf ,lg;gLk; jiHr;rj;jpd; msit 25 rjtPjk; Fiwj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/

fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; gpd;bra; neh;j;jp Kiwfs;

nrhif cwpj;jy; kw;Wk; nrhif gug;g[jy;

fha;e;j kw;Wk; gGj;j nrhiffis 5-tJ khjj;jpy; xU Kiwa[k;. 7-tJ khjj;jpy; xU Kiwa[k; cwpj;J xU ghh;tpl;L xU ghhpy; gug;gyhk;/ ,J fUk;g[ rhahky; ,Uf;ft[k;/ brjpy;/ ,ilf;fDg;g[G kw;Wk; kht[g;g{r;rpfs; jhf;fhky; ,Uf;ft[k; cjt[k;/ ghhpy; gug;gg;gl;l nrhif/ fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJld;. kz;zpy;


vil ,Hg;g[ Vw;gLk;/ xU Vf;fhpypUe;J bgwg;gLk; fUk;gpd; vz;zpf;if 50/000 vd;W itj;Jf; bfhz;lhy;/ mhpths; cgnahfpj;J fUk;g[ btl;Lk;nghJ fpilf;Fk; kfNiytpl/ iff;nfhlhhp bfhz;L fUk;g[ btl;Lk;nghJ fpilf;Fk; kfNy;. xU Vf;fUf;F Rkhh; 1.5 ld; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;/ nkYk;/ iff;nfhlhhp cgnahfpj;J btl;lg;gl;l fUk;ig. fl;ilg;gaph; tpLk;nghJ. fl;ilrPt[jy; mtrpakpy;iy/ fl;ilg;gaph; ed;F J}h;tpl;L tsut[k; VJthfpwJ.

fUk;g[ nky;btl;L

Edpf;fUk;gpy; FSf;nfh!; kw;Wk; gpuf;nlh!; tifr; rh;f;fiu mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;/ ,J bty;yk; fha;r;Rk; nghJ my;yJ rh;f;fiu cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; nghJ gy gpur;ridfis cz;lhf;f ty;yJ/ mjdhy; ,e;j Edpf; fUk;ig (nfhe;jhis) fHpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;/ ve;jf; fqtpy; ,Ue;J Edpf;fUk;g[ vd;gijf; fz;lwpa. btl;o vLj;j 2-3 fUk;g[fspy; fUk;g[j; njhiffis ePf;fptpl;L. Edpghfj;jpy; cilj;jhy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fqtpy; fUk;g[ 'gl;’ vd;w rj;jj;Jld; cila[k;/ kw;w fqf;fspy; fUk;g[ tisa[k; Mdhy; cilahJ/ cila[k; fqit milahsk; fz;Lbfhz;L. vy;yh fUk;g[fspYk; Vwj;jhH cila[k; fqtpw;F mUfpy; nfhe;jhisia btl;o mfw;w ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; fUk;gpypUe;J vy;yh njhiffisa[k; ePf;fp Rj;jkhd fUk;ig fl;Lfshff; fl;o muitf;F mDg;g ntz;Lk;.

ml;ltiz 2/ mfy thpir kw;Wk; tHf;fkhd ,ilbtsp thpir Kiwfspy; rhFgo bra;j fUk;gpd; mst[ rhh;e;j Fzhjpra';;fs;

t/ vz; mst[ rhh;e;j Fzhjpra';;fs;mfy thpir Kiw

(150 br/kP/)tHf;fkhd ,ilbtsp thpir Kiw (75 br/kP/)

1/ 90-tJ ehspy; J}h;fspd; vz;zpf;if (vf;lUf;F)

2.70.000 4.14.000

2/ mWtilapd;nghJ fUk;g[fspd; vz;zpf;if (vf;lUf;F)

1.05.000 1.20.000

3/ fUk;gpd; cauk; (br/kP/) 430 322

4/ fUk;gpd; jokd; (tpl;lk;) (br/kP/) 2/64 2/35

5/ ,ilf; fqf;fspd; vz;zpf;if (xU fUk;g[f;F)

31 29

6/ xU fUk;gpd; ruhrhp vil (fpnyh) 1/98 1/52

7/ fUk;g[ kfNy; (vf;lUf;F ld;fspy;) 208 182

nfhit fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdj;jpy;/ mfy thpir Kiwapy; vf;lUf;F 75.000 ,U gU fuizfs; vd;w xnu mstpy; nfh 86032 vd;w ,ufj;jpd; fuizfis btt;ntW Kiwfspy; elt[ bra;J ghpnrhjidr; bra;ag;gl;lJ/ mfy thpirapy;/ ,U thpir Kiwapy; (mfykhf;fpa rhypy; ,U Xu';;fspYk; ,uz;L thpir. ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy; 20 br.kP/ ,ilbtsp tpl;L elt[ bra;tJ) rhFgo bra;j fUk;g[ vf;lUf;F 123.3 ld; fUk;g[ kfNy; bfhLj;jJ/ mfy thpirapy;. xU thpir Kiwapy; vf;lUf;F 114.7 ld; kfNYk;/ 90 br.kP/ ,ilbtsp thpir Kiwapy; vf;lUf;F 99.3 ld; kfNy; kl;Lnk fpilj;jJ.

nfhit fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdj;jpy; bra;ag;gl;l kw;WbkhU ghpnrhjidapy;. nfh 86032 vd;w ,ufj;jpd; fuizfis vf;lUf;F 75/000/ 60/000 kw;Wk; 45/000 ,U gU fuizfs; vd;w mst[fspy; mfy thpir Kiwapy; elt[ bra;J ghpnrhjpf;fg;gl;lJ/ mfy thpirfSf;fpilapy; nrhah bkhr;ir CLgapuhfg; gaphplg;gl;lJ/ mfy thpir Kiwapy; 75/000 ,U gU fuizfs; elt[ bra;jjpy; 107.0 ld;Dk;/ 60/000 ,U gU fuizfs; elt[ bra;jjpy; 104.6 ld;Dk;. 45/000 ,U gU fuizfs; elt[ bra;jjpy; 96.8 ld;Dk; xU vf;lhpy; kfNyhff; fpilj;jJ/


tHf;fkhd 90 br.kP/ thpir ,ilbtspapy; 75/000 ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;J rhFgo bra;jjpy; vf;lUf;F 110/0 ld; kfNy; fpilj;jJ/ ,e;j ghpnrhjidapypUe;J. mfy thpir Kiwapy; 60/000 ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;tJ Vw;wJ vdj; bjhpe;jJ.

ntbwhU ghpnrhjidapy;/ nfh 86032 vd;w ,ufj;jpid mfy thpir Kiwapy; 60/000 ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;J rhFgo bra;j fUk;g[k;. tHf;fkhd 90 br.kP. thpir ,ilbtspapy; 75/000 ,U gU fuizfis elt[ bra;J rhFgo bra;j fUk;g[k; xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;f;fgl;lJ/ mfy thpir Kiwapy; vf;lUf;F 119.1 ld; kfNYk;. tHf;fkhd Kiwapy; vf;lUf;F 119.8 ld; kfNYk; fpilj;jJ/ ,t;tpuz;Lf;Fk; bghpa ntWghL ,y;iy vd;gJ fhzj;jf;fJ.

mfy thpir rhFgo Kiwapy; fUk;g[f;Fj; njitahd cu mst[ kw;Wk; ePh;g;ghrdj; njit fzf;fplg;gl;lJ/ ,it tHf;fkhd Kiwapy; rhFgo bra;a[k; fUk;gpd; njitnahL xj;Jg; nghdJ.

mfy thpir Kiwapy;/ thpirfSf;fpilapy; mjpfkhd ,ilbtspapUg;gjhy;/ gth; oy;yh; nghd;w rpwpa ,ae;jpu';;fis/ ,ila[Ht[ bra;jy/ fisbaLj;jy; kw;Wk; kz; mizj;jy; nghd;w ntiyfSf;F gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;g[ gpufhrkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. nkYk;. ePh;g;gha;r;Rjy;/ nrhif cwpj;jy;. kUe;J moj;jy; nghd;w ntiyfisr; bra;a rpukkpy;yhky; fUk;g[ taypy; brd;W tu Koa[k;.

beUf;fkhd thpirfspy; fUk;g[ rhFgo bra;a[k;nghJ/ fUk;g[ thpirfSf;fpilna cs;s ,lj;ij kiwf;f Rkhh; \d;W khj fhykhfpwJ. Mdhy;. mfy thpir Kiwapy; ,jw;F Rkhh; ehd;F khjj;jpw;F nkyhfpwJ. fUk;g[g; gaphpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy;/ mfy thpir Kiwapy;/ thpirfSf;fpilna nghjpa ,lKk; Nhpa btspr;rKk; ,Ug;gjhy;/ fUk;g[g; gapUf;F rpwpJk; ghjpg;g[ Vw;glhky; CLgaph; rhFgo bra;a[k; tha;g;g[ ,Uf;fpwJ.


fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; kz; ts nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; xU';fpize;j Cl;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik

rp/ gHdprhkp1 kw;Wk; M/ gh!;fud;21Kjd;ik tp";"hdp kw;Wk; jiyth;/ gaph; cw;gj;jpj; Jiw/

2 KJepiy tp";"hdp/ kz;zpay;

fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 007

Kd;Diu

,e;jpa ntshz;ikapy; fUk;g[ xU Kf;fpakhd gzg;gaph;. kz; tsj;ij nkk;gLj;Jtjd;

\yk; kfNy;


fUk;g[ tsh;r;rpapy; gap+l;l';fspd; g';F

fUk;g[f;F kpft[k; njitahdit jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fshFk;. xt;bthd;Wk;

xt;bthU tifapy; gaphpd; tsh;r;rpf;F cjt[fpd;wd. jiHr;rj;jpd; \yk; gaph; gRik milfpwJ.

tpiuitpy; tsh;r;rp mile;J mjpf fpisfis cUthf;FfpwJ. kzpr;rj;jpd; \yk; gaph;fspd;

nth;fs; ed;F tsh;e;J gut[k;. mjd; \yk; mjpf rj;Jf;fs; vLj;Jf;bfhs;s ,aYk;. rhk;gy; rj;J

g{r;rp kw;Wk; neha; jhf;Fjiy vjph;f;Fk; jpwd; kw;Wk; fUk;gpy; rhahj;jd;ik Mfpatw;wpw;F

cjt[fpwJ.

fUk;gpw;Fj; njitahd cukply;

kz;zpy; fpilf;Fk; rj;Jf;fspd; mst[ ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ntWgLfpwJ. Mfnt kz;

ghpnrhjidf;nfw;g jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis ,l ntz;Lk;. kz; ghpnrhjid bra;a

,ayhj rkaj;jpy; bghJ ghpe;Jiug;go cukply; ntz;Lk;. ,aw;if cu';fshd bjhG cuk;

gz;iz vU fk;ngh!;l; kf;fpa miy fHpt[ ,tw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;iw vf;lUf;F 25 ld; tiu

filrp cHt[f;F Kd; ,l ntz;Lk;. fUk;g[ rhFgof;F Kd; rzg;g[ my;yJ jf;ifg; g{z;L gaph;

bra;J mij ,wf;if fyg;igia cgnahfpj;J klf;fp cGtJ ey;yJ. fUk;g[f;F njitahd

cuj;jpid kz; ghpnrhjid \yk; kz;zpd; tsk; mwpe;J njitahd mst[ cuj;ij kl;Lk;

gphpj;J ,l ntz;Lk;. bghJ ghpe;Jiug;go xU vf;lh; fUk;gpw;F 280 fpnyh jiH 62.5 fpnyh kzp

kw;Wk; 120 fpnyh rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis ,l ntz;Lk;. ,lg;gl;l cuj;jpd; KGg;gaida[k; mila

ntz;Lkhdhy; gapUf;Fj; njitahd jUzj;jpy; njitahd rj;jpid njitahd mst[ ,l

ntz;Lk;.

cukpLk; jUzk;

fUk;gpd; tsh;r;rpg; gUtj;jpw;nfw;g Cl;lr;rj;jpd; njita[k; ntWgLk;. bghJthf

jiHr;rj;jpd; njitahdJ J}h;tpLk; gUtj;jpYk; Kd; tsh;r;rpg; gUtj;jpYk; (90 Kjy; 120

ehl;fs; tiu) mjpfk;. fUk;g[ Kisg;gpw;F njitahd rj;jpid mJ fuizfspypUe;J vLj;Jf;

bfhs;tjhy; jiHr;rj;J mtrpak; ,y;iy/ Kisg;g[g; gUtj;jpy; ,lg;gLk; jiHr;rj;J gy

tHpfspYk; tPzhfpwJ. jiHr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;jpid ,uz;L rkghfkhf gphpj;J 45 kw;Wk;

90-k; ehl;fspy; ,l ntz;Lk;. el;l 120 ehl;fSf;F gpd; ,lg;gLk; jiHr;rj;jpdhy; fUk;g[r;rhw;wpd;

juk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. bty;yj;jpd; juKk; btFthfg; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. kzpr;rj;J fUk;g[ nth;fs;

mlh;j;jpahf tsh;tjw;Fk; J}h; fpisg;gjw;Fk; njitg;gLfpwJ. vdnt kzpr;rj;jpid fUk;g[

elt[ bra;a[k; Kd; ghh;fspy; ,l;L kz;zpy; ed;whf fyf;Fk;go bfhj;jp tpl ntz;Lk;.

cu';fSk; mtw;wp;y; cs;s rj;Jf;fSk;

1. a{hpah 46 rjk; jiHr;rj;J

2. mk;nkhdpak; ry;ngl; 20.6 rjk; jiHr;rj;J

3. mk;nkhdpak; FnshiuL 25.0 rjk; jiHr;rj;J

4. Ng;gh; gh!;ngl; 16 rjk; kzpr;rj;J

5. bghl;lh#; 60 rjk; rhk;gy; rj;J

6. o.V.gp. 18 rjk; jiH kw;Wk; 46 rjk; kzpr;rj;J

fsh; epy';fspy; fUk;g[ rhFgo bra;nthh; a{hpahtpw;F gjpyhf mk;nkhdpak; ry;ngl; ,Ltjhy;

epyj;jpd; fsh; jd;ik rw;nw Fiwa[k;. kzw;gh';fhd kz; cs;s tay;fspy; jiHr;rj;ija[k;

rhk;gy; rj;ija[k; \d;whfg; gphpj;J 30/ 60 kw;Wk; 90-k; ehl;fspy; ,LtJ ey;yJ. a{hpaht[ld;


ntg;gk; g[z;zhf;if 5:1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; fye;J xU ehs; itj;jpUe;J ,Ltjhy; cuj;jpd;

cgnahfj;jpwd; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;NHy; khRgLtJk; Fiwfpd;wJ. nkYukpLk;nghJ

fUk;gpd; J}upypUe;J 8 br/kP J}uk; js;sp 8 br.kP. MHj;jpy; FHp Kiwapy; cukpLtjhy; cur;rj;J

tpuak; Fiwfpd;wJ. xt;bthU Kiw cukpLk;nghJk; clnd kz; midj;J jz;zPh; gha;r;r

ntz;Lk;.

fUk;g[ nrhif kw;Wk; njhifapypUe;J ,aw;if cuk; jahhpj;jy;

mWtil bra;a[k; fUk;gpypUe;J xU vf;lUf;F 10 Kjy; 15 ld; fUk;g[r;nrhif fpilf;fpwJ.

fUk;g[r; nrhif kw;Wk; fha;e;j njhifia tay;fspy; vhpf;Fk;nghJ mjpYs;s jiH kw;Wk;

fe;jfr; rj;Jf;fs; tpuakhfpd;wd. tay;fSf;F mtrpakhd m';ffg; bghUs;fSk; vhpe;J

rhk;gyhfp tpLtnjhL fhpakpytha[k; g[ifa[k; fhw;W kz;lyj;ij khRgLj;Jfpd;wJ. fUk;g[j;

njhifia vhpf;fhky; gaDs;s tifapy; kf;f itj;J ,aw;if vU jahhpg;gjw;fhd tHpKiwfs;

fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;f epWtdj;jhy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. xU vf;lh; taypy; fpilf;Fk; njhifia

2.5 brd;l; FHpapy; fk;ngh!;l; bra;ayhk;. fUk;g[ tay; Xu';fspy; 15 kP ePsk; 3 kP mfyk; 1 kP MHk;

cs;s FHp btl;o mjpy; 13 kP ePsk; kw;Wk; 3 kP mfyj;jpw;F Rkhh; 500 fpnyh fUk;g[j;njhifia

gug;g ntz;Lk; ,jd;nky; kz; my;yJ kf;fpa bjhG cuk; my;yJ Miyf;fHptpid 5 br.kP.

cauj;jpw;F gug;g ntz;Lk;. ,Jnghy nkYk; xU mLf;F gug;gpagpd; ,jd;kPJ xU ld; nrhiff;F

Ez;qaph; fyitahd gpspnuhl;l!; (m) l;iunfhblh;kh 1 fpnyh/ a{hpah 7.5 fpnyh/ khl;Lr;rhzk;

75 fpnyh ,itfis ePhpy; fiuj;J rPuhf bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW 10 Kjy; 15 mLf;Fs;s

tiu FHpapy; gug;gyhk;. filrp mLf;fpd; kPJ 15 br.kP. fdj;jpw;F kz; nghl;L Ftpaiy

\oagpd; ed;F eida[k;go ePh; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw jz;zPh; bjspj;J

\d;W khj';fSf;Fg;gpd; kz;btl;oahy; njhif Ftpaiyg; gphpj;J ed;whf fye;J kPz;Lk;

Ftpayhff;f ntz;Lk;. bjhlh;e;J thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw jz;zPh; bjspj;Jtu ehd;fhtJ

khjj;jpy; njhif ed;F kl;fp Cl;lnkw;wpa fk;ngh!;l; vU fpilf;Fk;/ a{hpah cuk; mspg;gjhy;

fhpk - jiHr;rj;J tpfpjk; 30f;F xd;W vd;w mstpw;F Fiwe;J Ez;qaph;fs; nrhifia vspjhf

kf;f itf;fpwJ. nrhifia rpW Jz;Lfshf eWf;fp nghLtjd; \yk; njhif kf;Ftij

Jhpjg;gLj;jyhk;. kf;fpa vUit kPz;Lk; nrhifia kf;f itf;f cgnahfg;gLj;jyhk;.

nrhifia kz;zpd; kPJ Ftpay;fshf itj;Jk; kf;f itf;fyhk;. elt[g;gaphpy; fUk;ig

btl;oa gpwF kWjhk;g[ tpLk;nghJ fUk;g[ nrhif kw;Wk; njhifia rhy;fspy; gug;gptpl;L

fUk;g[f; fl;lilfis jiu kl;lj;jpy; rPtptpl ntz;Lk;/ fUk;g[j;njhif tpiutpy; kf;f xU

vf;lUf;F Ez;qph; fyit (oiuf;nfhblh;kh tphpo (m) gpspnuhl;l!;) 15 fpnyh/ a{hpah 100 fpnyh/

khl;Lrhzk; 1500 fpnyh Mfpatw;iw ePhpy; fiuj;J fUk;g[ njhif kPJ bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

rhy;fspy; gug;gpa njhif 60-90 ehl;fspy; gFjp kf;fpapUf;Fk;/ filrp cukpl;L KG kz;

mizf;Fk;nghJ fUk;g[j; njhif ed;whf kf;fpa tay;fspy; vUthf gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;

5-6 ld; m';ffr; rj;J tay;fSf;F fpilg;gnjhL fisfis fl;Lg;gLj;jp kz;zpd; ePh; gpog;g[

jpwida[k; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.

,uz;lhk; epiy ng+l;lr;rj;J cu';fs;

,uz;lhk; epiy ng+ul;l';fshd Rz;zhk;g[/ bkf;dPrpak; kw;Wk; fe;jf rj;Jf;fspy;

Rz;zhk;g[ kw;Wk; bkf;dPrpak; nghjpa mst[ kz;zpy; cs;sJ. kzpr;rj;J cukhd Ng;gh;

gh!;ngl; ,Lk;nghJ mjpy; fe;jf rj;Jk; nrh;e;Js;sJ. Mdhy; o.V.gp ,Lk;nghJ mj;Jld;

vf;lUf;F 200 fpnyh $pg;rkplntz;Lk;.


Ez;q}l;lr; rj;J FiwghLfSk; epth;j;jp KiwfSk;.

,Uk;g[/ kh';fdP!;/ Jj;jehfk;/ brk;g[/ khypg;odk; kw;Wk; nghuhd; nghd;w

jdpk';fs; gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;F kpft[k; Fiwe;j msnt njitg;gLtjhy; mtw;iw

Ez;q}l;lr;rj;Jf;fs; vd;fpnwhk;. gaph;fSf;F bjhlh;e;J ng+l;lr;rj;Jf;fis kl;Lnk

,Ltjhy; epyj;jpy; Ez;q}l;lr; rj;Jf;fs; Fiwe;J gw;whf;Fiw mwpFwpfs; njhd;Wk;.

fUk;g[g;gaphpd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; tpisr;ry; kw;Wk; rh;f;fiuf; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;Fk; Ez;q}

l;lr;rj;Jf;fs; mtrpakhdit. fUk;ig xnu epyj;jpy; bjhlh;e;J rhFgo bra;tjhYk;

bjhlh;r;rpahf fl;ilg; gaph; rhFgo bra;tjhYk; fUk;g[f;Fj; njitahd Kf;fpa

Ez;q}l;lr;rj;Jf;fs; kz;zpy; Fiwe;JtpLfpd;wd. kz;zpy; Rz;zhk;g[r; rj;J TLjyhf

,Ue;jhYk; kz;zpd; fhu mkpy epiy 8-f;Fk; nky; cah;e;jhYk; ghrd ePhpy; igfhh;gndl;od;

mst[ TLjyhf ,Ue;jhYk; fUk;gpy; Ez;q}l;lr;rj;J gw;whf;Fiw mwpFwpfs; njhd;Wk;.

kz;zpYs;s Ez;q}l;l';fspd; tuk;g[ mst[fs;

Ez;q}l;lk; tuk;g[ mst[ (gp.gp.vk;)

,Uk;g[ (Rz;zhk;g[f;fy; ,y;yhj kz;) 4.2

,Uk;g[ (Rz;zhk;g[f;fy; cs;s kz;) 6.3

Jj;jehfk; (tz;ly; kz;) 1.2

Jj;jehfk; (fsp kz;) 2.0

kh';fdPR 2/0

brk;g[ 1.2

btz;zPhpy; fiua[k; nghuhd; 0.44

,Uk;g[r;rj;J

,J ,iyapy; gr;iraj;ijj; bjhFg;gjw;F mtrpakhdJ. ,jd; gw;whf;Fiwahy;

xsph;rnrh;f;if ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nthpd; tsh;r;rpa[k; bray;jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Uk;g[g;

gw;whf;Fiwahy; kfNy; 74 rjtpfpjk; tiua[k; rh;f;fiur;rj;J 42 rjtpfpjk; tiua[k; Fiwayhk;.

jkpH;ehl;oy; njhl;lg;gapuhf fUk;g[ rhFgo bra;a[k; khtl;l';fshd nfhaKj;J}h;/ nryk;/

ntY}h;/ jpUtz;zhkiy/ tpGg;g[uk;/ flY}h; Mfpa gFjpfspy; ,Uk;g[g; gw;whf;Fiw mjpfk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

gw;whf;Fiw mwpFwpfs;

,sk; ,iyfspd; euk;gpilg;gFjp k";rs; epwkhf khwp ehsiltpy; btspwpa gr;irakw;w

njhiffshf khwptpLk;. ,g;go btSj;j ,iyfs; ehisiltpy; fha;e;J tpLfpd;wd. ,t;twpFwp

,sk; gaph;fspYk; fl;ilg;gaph;fspYk; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk;. kz;zpy; Rz;zhk;g[r; rj;J

mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; fUk;g[g; gaphpy; ,e;j mwpFwpfs; bjd;gLk;.

epth;j;jp Kiw

mwpFwpfs; fz;l gapUf;F md;dngjp vdg;gLk; @bgh;u!; ry;@ngl;il cg;ig 10 ypl;lh;

jz;zPUf;F 25 Kjy; 50 fpuhk; tiu fiuj;J (0.25 - 0.5 rjk;) ,iyfs; KGtJk; ed;whf

eida[k;go thuk; xU Kiw mwpFwpfs; khWk; tiuj; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jDld; 50 fpuhk;

a{hpahit fiuj;Jj; bjspj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,sk; ,iyfs; tpiutpy; gRik mila[k;.

mwpFwpfs; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; epy';fspy; bjhG cuk; ,l;L vf;lUf;F 100 fpnyh md;dngjp

cg;ig cukhf bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;.


Jj;jehfk;

Jj;jehfk; Mf;!pd; vdg;gLk; brofspd; tsh;r;rp Cf;fpahd ,d;nlhy; mrpof; mkpyj;ijj;

jahhpg;gjw;F kpft[k; mtrpakhFk;. ,ijj;jtpu gy ntjpapay; bray;KiwfSf;Fj; njitahd

behjpfisr; bray;gLj;jt[k; ,J mtrpak;.


Jj;jehfk; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; fUk;gpd; jz;L tsh;r;rp jilgl;L J}hpypUe;J gf;fr; rpk;g[fs;

Kisf;f Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,e;jr; rpk;g[fspd; tsh;r;rpa[k; gpd;dh; ghjpf;fg;gLk;/ ,iyapd; gug;gst[

Fiwe;J ,iyfspy; gutyhf ,sk; k";rs; epwg;g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. ,g;gw;whf;Fiw Kw;wpa

epiyapy; ,iyapd; euk;g[fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l gFjpfs; cs;s jpRf;fs; koe;J fha;e;JtpLk;.

Jj;jehff; FiwghL mjpfhpf;Fk; nghJ fUk;gpd; jz;Lg;ghfj;jpy; cs;s ehh; jpRf;fs;

ghjpf;fg;gl;L g";Rj;jd;ik mile;J kj;jpapy; FHha; nghd;Wj; njhw;wk; mspf;Fk;/ ,jdhy;

rh;f;fiu kpft[k; Fiwe;J tpLk;.

epthh;j;jp Kiw

Jj;jehff; Fiwg;ghl;il epth;j;jp bra;a 0.25 rj Jj;jehf ry;@ngl;il mwpFwpfs; khWk;

tiu thuk; xU Kiw bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. Jj;jehfg; gw;whf;Fiw cs;s epy';fspy; vf;lUf;F 37.5

fpnyh Jj;jehf ry;@ngl;il mo cukhff; bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;.

kh';fP!;

kh';fdP!; ,iyfspy; gr;raj;ijj; bjhFg;gjpYk; brofSf;F jiHr;rj;J gad;gLj;Jjy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;l ntjpapay; bray;fspYk; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpwJ.


bjhlf;fj;jpy; ,Uk;g[ gw;whf;Fiwapd; mwpFwpfs; nghd;nw njhw;wkspj;J ehsiltpy;

,iyapd; eLg;gFjpapYk; Edpg;gFjpapYk; kl;Lk; ,ilg;gl;l jpRf;fs; btspwpa njhw;wj;Jld;

fhzg;gLk;. kz;zpy; fhh;gndl;/ igfhh;gndl; cg;g[fs; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; Rz;zhk;g[r;rj;J

mjpfhpj;jhYk; kw;Wk; ,Uk;g[ kh';fdP!; tpfpjk; mjpfkhdhYk; kh';fdP!; FiwghLfs;

njhd;Wk;.

epth;j;jp Kiw

kh';fdP!; gw;whf;Fiwiag; nghf;f 0.25 rjk; kh';fdP!; ry;@ngl; mwpFwpfs; khWk; tiu

thuk; xU Kiw bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. tpijf;fUk;ig 1 rj kh';fdP!; ry;@ngl; jputj;jpy; xU

epkplk; eidj;J eLtjhYk; vf;lUf;F 10 fp kh';fdP!; ry;@ngl;il mo cukhf bfhLg;gjhYk;

,f;Fiwg;ghl;il epth;j;jp bra;ayhk;.

brk;g[

brk;g[ gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;Fr; rk;ge;jg;gl;l bejpr;bray;fspy; ,urhad Cf;fpahfg;

gad;gLfpwJ. g[ujk; kw;Wk; gr;irak; jahhpg;gjpYk; Kf;fpag; g';F tfpf;fpwJ.


J}h;fs; bkype;J tho tj';fpf; fhzg;gLk;. fUk;g[g; gaphpd; nky; ghf ,iyfs; jhH;e;J

bjh';Fk; ,iyj; njhiffs; btsphp ,ug;gh; nghy fhzg;gLk;.


epth;j;jp Kiw

vf;lUf;F 10 fp fhg;gh; ry;@ngl; cg;ig moa[ukhf ,l ntz;Lk;.

nghuhd;

brofspd; ghf';fspy;


fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; rpwpa ,ae;jpu';fspd; gad;ghLfs;

1j/ MWKfehjd;/ 2rp/ gHdpr;rhkp kw;Wk; 2j/ u$%yh rhe;jp1KJepiy tp";"hdp/ 2Kjd;ik tp":"hdp/ fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;F epWtdk;

,e;jpa ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp fHfk;/ nfhaKj;J}h; - 641 007

fUk;g[ rhFgoapy; ,ae;jpukakhf;Fjy; vd;gJ bghpa tptrhapfSf;F kl;Lnk rhj;jpag;gLk;

vd;w jtwhd fUj;J tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; epytp tUfpwJ. ,e;j jtwhd fUj;jhdJ ePf;fg;gl

ntz;oa xd;whFk;. ,ae;jpukakhf;Fjy; vd;gJ rpwpa kw;Wk; FWtptrhapfshYk; rhj;jpag;gLk;.

fUk;g[ tptrhapfspd; ,ae;jpukakhf;fy; njitfis g{h;j;jp bra;a[k; nehf;fpy; ,f;fl;Liuapy;

rpy njitahd fUtpfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fs; cs;sd.

xU Vf;fh; gug;gst[ epyk; cs;s tptrhapfs; Tl fUk;g[ rhFgoia ,ae;jpukakhf;f

,aYk;. Xust[ rkkhd fw;fsw;w/ ePskhd tay;fshf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,ae;jpu rhFgoia

nkw;bfhs;syhk;. bghJthf ,ae;jpu rhFgo Kiwapy; gapuhFk; fUk;ghdJ bjhlh;e;J gy

Mz;Lfs; tiu fl;ilg;gaph;fshf guhkhpf;fg;gLtjhy; Muk;gj;jpnyna ey;y Kiwapy; epyj;ij

jahh; bra;a ntz;Lk;. tay;fspy; njitaw;w FWf;F tug;g[fs; ePf;fg;gl;L taypd; ePsj;ij

ve;j mstpw;F ePl;l Koa[nkh me;j mst[f;F ePl;l ntz;Lk;. bgUk;ghYk; fUk;g[ nth;fs; 1½

mo MHk; tiu bry;fpwJ. mjdhy; Kjy; cHt[ Fiwe;j gl;rk; xU mo MHkhtJ ,Uf;FkhW

bra;a ntz;Lk;.

1/ ouhf;lh; \yk; epyk; jahhpg;g[

ouhf;lh; \yk; epyk; jahh; bra;a[k;nghJ/ Kjy; cHt[ rl;of; fyg;ig my;yJ

,wf;iff; fyg;ig mjhtJ MH cHt[ bra;a[k; fyg;igfisf; bfhz;L ¾ mo

Kjy; 1 mo tiu MHkhf cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. gpwF nuhl;lntl;lh; (RHy;

fyg;ig) \yk; fl;ofis cilf;f ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dh; bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig \yk;

,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; \d;whtJ cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;/ rkd; bra;a[k; fUtp

\yk; epyj;ij rkd;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. epyk; rkd;gLj;jpagpd; njitg;gl;lhy; bfhj;Jf; fyg;ig

\yk; cHt[ bra;J/ ghh; fyg;ig \yk; jFe;j ,ilbtspapy; ghh; gpof;f ntz;Lk;.

2/ nyrh; \yk; epyk; rkg;gLj;Jk; fUtp

nyrh; cjtpa[ld; epyj;ij rkg;gLj;Jk; fUtp \yk; xU jpirapnyh my;yJ ,U

jpirfspYnkh kpfj; Jy;ypakhf epyj;ij rkg;gLj;jyhk;. ,f;fUtp \d;W ghf';fisf;


bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; nyrh; fw;iwiar; brYj;Jk; gFjp/ nyrh; fw;iwia th';Fk; gFjp kw;Wk;

jhdpa';fp rkg;gLj;Jk; gFjp Mfpad cs;sd. nyrh; brYj;Jk; gFjpahdJ taypd; Xuj;jpy;

xU bghJthd ,lj;jpy; itj;J mjpy; njitg;gLk; epykl;l msitf; Fwpf;f ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

kl;lj;ijj; bjhptpf;Fk; tifapy; ,f;fUtpahdJ nyrh; fw;iwfis epyj;jpd; gy ghf';fSf;Fk;

brYj;JfpwJ. ,f;fw;iwia ouhf;lhpy; bghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s nyrh; fw;iwia th';Fk; gFjp

bgw;Wf;bfhz;L mij jhdpa';fp gFjpapy; cs;s kpd; fl;Lg;ghl;L gFjpf;F mDg;g[fpwJ. mjw;Fj;

jFe;jthW njitahd mstp rkd;gLj;jpia nkYk; fPGk; efur; bra;tjd; \yk; xU ,lj;jpy;

cs;s kz;iz kw;bwhU ,lj;jpy; js;sp/ ek; njitf;nfw;wthW epyk; rkg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,f;fUtpapd; \yk; tayhdJ kpfr; rhpahf rkg;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; ePh;gha;r;Rtjw;F

njitg;gLk; ePhpd; mst[k; neuKk; nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

3/ rl;of; fyg;ig

,J Kjy; epiy cHt[f;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ. bgUk;ghYk; twz;l kw;Wk; fodkhd ghiwfs;/

fw;fs; epiwe;j epy';fspYk; kz; mhpg;g[ cs;s epy';fspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

4/ ,wf;if (m) nkhy;L nghh;L fyg;ig

,Jt[k; Kjy; epiy cGjYf;F Vw;w fyg;igahFk;. ,J kz;iz KGikahf btl;o

gz;gLj;JtnjhL ,aw;if kw;Wk; Kf;fpa cu';fis kz;qld; fyg;gjw;Fk; gug;g[tjw;Fk;

gad;gLfpwJ/ ,jpy; hpth;rpg[y; (jpUg;gp cGk; Kiw) bjhHpy; El;gk; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; tpiuthf


xnu jpirapy; ghj;jp mikf;f ,aYk;. ,jd; \yk; ntiy neuk; kw;Wk; Ory; njit bgUkst[

Fiwf;fyhk;.

5/ RHy; fyg;ig

,e;j fyg;igahdJ ey;y Kiwapy; ,sfpa kz; gLf;if jahh; bra;a gad;gLfpwJ.

,jid cgnahfpg;gjd; \yk; ,aw;if cu';fs; kw;Wk; ,iy jiHfis kz;qld; fyf;f

gad;gLfpwJ.

6/ ghh; fyg;ig

,e;j fyg;igapy; 3-5 cWjpahd

ghh; fyg;igfSk; mjd; gpd;nd cspf;

bfhj;JfSk; cs;sd. ,jd; \yk; fspkz;

gh';fhd epy';fspy; Tl MHkhd ghh;fs;

mikf;f ,aYk;. fuizfs; tpijf;Fk;

,lj;jpy; cspf; bfhj;Jfshy; kz; ,sFtjhy;

ed;F nth;fs; tpl VJthFk;. fuiz gug;g[k;

gFjp xnu rPuhd MHkhf ,Ug;gjhy; ePh;

gha;r;RtJk; vspjhFk;. xU ehisf;F Rkhh; 5

Vf;fh; tiu ghh;fs; mikf;f ,aYk;.

7/ fuiz btl;Lk; fUtp

ouhf;lh; my;yJ gth; oy;yhpd; cjtpa[ld; bgy;l; \yk; ,f;fUtpia ,izj;J ,af;fyhk;.

Xnu rkaj;jpy; ,uz;L Ml;fisf; bfhz;L fuizia btl;l ,aYk;. fuizap;d; ePsk; xU

gU fuiz my;yJ ,U gU fuiz vd;w njitf;nfw;wthW btl;of; bfhs;s ,aYk;. btl;oa


fuizfs; tpGk; ,lj;jpy; g{";rhzf; bfhy;yp fiury; bfhz;l gpsh!;of; bjhl;ofis itj;J

xt;bthU 10 epkplj;jpw;Fk; khw;wpf; bfhs;syhk;. fuizapy; cs;s gUf;fs; nrjkilahjjhy;

gaph; Kisg;g[ ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;. xU kzp neuj;jpy; 2 Ml;fisf; bfhz;L 2 ypl;lh; Ory; brytpy;

4000 fuizfs; btl;lyhk;.

8/ fUk;g[ elt[f; fUtp

,jpy; cWjpahd \d;W ghh;

fyg;igfSk; mjd; gpd;nd \d;W

cspf;bfhj;Jf;fSk; fuiz epuk;g[k;

bgl;oa[k;/ \d;W egh;fs; ,Uf;ifapy;

mkh;e;J fuiz brYj;Jk; trjpa[k;/ fuiz

nghl;lgpd; kz; mizf;Fk; bfhj;Jf;fSk;/

mizj;j kz;iz Xust[ ,Wfr; bra;a[k;

cUisfSk; cs;sd. ,f;fUtpahdJ

ghh;j;jpfis jahh; bra;J mjpy; btl;oa

,U gU fuiza[ld; cuk;/ g{r;rpf; bfhy;yp

kUe;Jfisj; bjspj;J kz;iz \otpLk;.

,jidf; bfhz;L xU ehspy; Rkhh; 3 Kjy; 4 Vf;fh; ghh; mikj;J elt[ bra;ayhk;. fuizfis

ePz;l J}uk; Rke;J brd;W/ gug;gp/ kz; mizf;Fk; ntiyiaj; jtph;f;f ,aYk;. fuizfis

MHkhf eLtjd; \yk; gaph; rha;jy; jLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

9/ ,ila[Ht[ my;yJ fis vLf;Fk; fUtp

fUk;gpd; Kjy; 90 ehl;fs; gUtj;jpw;Fs; ,uz;L \d;W Kiwfs; fis vLg;gJ


mtrpakhFk;. jw;nghJ fisf;bfhj;J \yk;

mjpf Ml;fisf; bfhz;L fis vLf;fg;gLtjhy;

gzr; bryt[k; fhy tpuaKk; mjpfk;. njitahd

Ml;fs; fpilf;fhjjhy; jf;f neuj;jpy; fis

vLf;ft[k; ,aYtjpy;iy. ,f;fUtpahdJ ouhf;lhpy;

,izf;fg;gl;L ghh;fspy; gaphplg;gl;Ls;s fUk;g[ gaph;

thpirfSf;F ,ilna cs;s fisfisg; gapUf;F

ve;j nrjKk; ,y;yhky; mjpf gug;gstpy; Fiwe;j

brytpy; mwnt ePf;f ,aYk;. ,J my;yhJ Ory;

vd;$pdhy; ,a';ff;Toa fis vLf;Fk; ,ae;jpu';fSk;

gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd.

10/ kz; mizf;Fk; fUtp

,e;jf; fUtpapy;

,uz;L bghpa cWjpahd

ghh; fyg;igfs; cs;sd.

fisfis ePf;fpa gpd;g[ 2

my;yJ 3 ehl;fs; epyj;ij

cyu tpLtjhy; ntUld;

gpL';fg;gl;l fisfs;

fha;e;JtpLk;. mjd;gpd;

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l a{hpah kw;Wk; bghl;lh#; cu';fspy; ghjpast[ vLj;J gaph; thpirf;F ,ilna

Kjy; 45-k; ehspYk; gpd; kPjp ghjpia 90-k; ehspYk; ,l;L ,e;jf; fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp kz;

mizf;fyhk;. ,g;gzpahdJ gzpahl;fshy; kz;btl;o \yk; bra;ag;gLk;nghJ kpFe;j

bryt[k;/ mjpf neuKk; MfpwJ. Ml;fSk; MHkhf btl;Ltjpy;iy. mjdhy; gpd;ehspy; gaph;

rha;tjw;F tha;g;g[fs; mjpfk;. ,f;fUtpiaf; bfhz;L nkw;Twpa Fiwfisf; fisa ,aYk;.

,f;fUtpapd; \yk; 3 Kjy; 4 Vf;fh; tiu xU ehspy; kz; mizj;J tplyhk;. kz; mizj;jgpd;

nkL gs;s';fs; ,y;yhjjhy; jz;zPh; rPuhfg; gha;fpwJ.

11/ fUk;g[ mWtil bra;a[k; ,ae;jpuk;

,e;j ,ae;jpuk; fUk;g[ mWtil

bra;ag; gad;gLfpwJ. fUk;ig mWtil

bra;J rpwpa Jz;Lfshf btl;o

njitaw;witfis ePf;fpa gpd; mnj

rkak; mUfpy; ,Uf;ff;Toa nyhL

tz;ofspy; btl;oa Jz;Lfis nyhL

bra;a[k; jpwd; bfhz;lJ. fUk;gpid

jiuf;F fPnH Rkhh; 2”mstpw;F gjpe;J btl;Ltjdhy; TLjyhf 2 ld;fs;

Vf;fUf;F kfNy; fpilg;gJld; rh;f;fiu

MiyfSf;Fk; mjpf rh;f;fiu rj;Js;s

J}h;gFjpahdJ muitf;F fpilg;gjhy;

rh;f;fiu mst[ mjpfk; fpilf;f


tha;g;g[s;sJ. nkYk; g[jpa fl;ilg; gapuhdJ epyj;jpw;Ff; fPH; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Kisj;J

tUtjhy; ey;y fl;ilg;gaph;fisg; bgwyhk;. 10 br.kP. moapypUe;J Kisj;J tUk; kWjhk;g[

fUk;g[ xnu rPuhf Kisj;J ed;F fpisj;J gUkdhf tsUk; vd Muha;r;rpfs; \yk;

bjspt[gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhifahdJ bghoahf;fg;gl;L taypny nghh;itnghy; J}tg;gLtjhy;

tpiuthf kf;fp vUthf gapUf;F fpilf;fpwJ. btl;lg;gl;l fUk;g[fs; 1 kzp neuj;jpw;Fs;

Miyia mile;J tpLtjhy; tptrhapfSf;F njitaw;w kd cisr;ry; jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

12/ kWjhk;gpy; ghh; cilf;Fk; (m) f';F mWf;Fk; fUtp

fUk;g[ mWtilf;Fg; gpd; taypy; cs;s nrhiffis mfw;wpagpd; ed;F ePh;

gha;r;rg;gLfpwJ. rhpahd kz;


rhFgoapdhy; tptrhapfs; chpa fhyj;jpy; j';fSila rhFgo Kiwfisf; Fiwe;j brytpy;

bra;a KofpwJ. ,jd; \yk; fUk;g[ kfNy; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. fUk;g[ rhFgoia ,yhgfukhf;f

Vf;fUf;fhd kfNiy cah;j;JtnjhL fUk;g[ cw;gj;jpf;fhd bryitf; Fiwf;f ntz;Lk;.

,ij eilKiwg;gLj;j epiwa ntiy Ml;fis vjph;ghh;f;fhj/ ,ae;jpukakhf;fg;gl;l rhFgo

Kiwna rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;. fUk;g[ tptrhapfspd; ,ae;jpukakhf;fy; njitfis g{h;j;jp bra;a[k;

nehf;fpy; ,f;fl;Liuapy; rpy njitahd fUtpfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fs; cs;sd.

ghlj;jpd; Kf;fpa thu;j;ijfs;

fUk;g[ rhFgo, ,ae;jpukakhf;fy;/ mfy elt[ tupir/ ,ae;jpu';fs;

c';fs; fw;wy; jpwid nrhjpj;jy;

1. ouhf;lh; \yk; epyk; jahh; bra;a[k;nghJ/ Kjy; cHt[ bra;a ------------------------- fyg;ig my;yJ ---

---------------- fyg;ig bfhz;L MHkhf cHt[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. (rl;of; fyg;ig my;yJ ,wf;iff;

fyg;ig)

2. nyrh; cjtpa[ld; epyj;ij rkg;gLj;Jk; fUtp \yk; xU jpirapnyh my;yJ ,U jpirfspYnkh

kpfj; Jy;ypakhf epyj;ij rkg;gLj;jyhk;. (rhp / jtW)

3. fUk;ig mWtil bra;a[k; ,ae;jpuj;jpw;F Vw;w tifapy; ghh;fspd; ,ilbtspia --------

moahf mikf;f ntz;Lk;.


fUk;g[j; njhif kf;fitj;jy; kw;Wk; njhif nkyhz;ik bjhHpy; El;g';fs;

1bgh/ fPjh kw;Wk; 2m/ rh/ jahnl1tp";"hdp/ 2KJepiy tp";"hdp/ ,.nt.M.f. fUk;g[ ,dg]bgUf;F epWtdk;/

nfhak;g[j;J}h]-641 007

ekJ ehL xU tptrha ehL vd;why; kpifahfhJ. cyfj;jpy; kf;fs; bjhif mjpfKs;s

ehLfspy; ekJ ehL ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. tsh;e;J tUk; kf;fs; bjhiff;F Vw;g czt[

cw;gj;jpia bjhlh;e;J mjpfg;gLj;j ntz;oa[s;sJ. ,jw;F kz;zpd; tsk; ed;whf guhkhpf;fg;gl

ntz;Lk;. ekJ kz;zpy; bghJthf fhpkrj;J kw;Wk; jiHr;rj;J gw;whf;Fiw epyt[fpwJ. mjpf

kfNy; jUk; gaph; ,uf';fis bjhlh;e;J gaphpLtjhYk;/ gaph; RHw;rp Kiwia filgpof;fhky;

xnu gapiu bjhlh;e;J gaph; bra;tjhYk;/ ,aw;if vU ,lhky; ,urhad cu';fisna

gad;gLj;JtjhYk; kz;zpd; tsk; Fd;wp gaphpd; kfNy; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. kz;zpy; fhpkrj;J

Fiwe;j gl;rk; 0.75 rjj;jpw;F nky; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,urhad cu';fisna gad;gLj;Jtjhy;

kz;zpy; m';ffr;rj;J Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ/ ,jdhy; kz;zpd; bgsjPfj;jd;ik ghjpg;gilfpwJ.

Ez;qaph;fs; kw;Wk; kz;g[Gf;fspd; tsh;r;rp Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; rkr;rPuhf

fpilg;gjpy;iy. Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fspd; FiwghLfs; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,urhad cu';fSk; nghjpa

mstpy; fpilg;gjpy;iy. nkYk; cu';fspd; tpiy ehSf;F ehs; mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl

bry;fpwJ. jw;nghJ ekf;F njitahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fspy; 2/3 g';F mstpy;jhd; cu';fs;

fpilf;fpd;wd. kPjp 1/3 g';fpid ,aw;if vUf;fs;/ Ez;qaph; cu';fs;/ gRe;jhs; cu';fspd;

\yk; jhd; mspf;fg;glntz;Lk;. xU';fpize;j cu eph;thfj;ij filg;gpof;f ,aw;if vU

mjpfk; njitg;gLfpwJ. ,aw;if vU gw;whf;Fiwia gz;izf;fHpt[/ gaph; fHpt[/ fUk;g[j;

njhif/ rh;f;fiu Miy mGf;F/ bjhHpw; rhiy fHpt[fs;/ bjd;idehh; fHpt[/ efu Fg;igfs;/

fha;fwp kw;Wk; gHf;fil Fg;igfs; Mfpaitfis kf;fitj;J ey;y ,aw;if vUf;fshf

gad;gLj;jp kz; tsj;jpid guhkhpf;fyhk;. nkYk; ,e;j njitaw;w bghUl;fis gaDs;s

vUthf epytsj;ij nkk;gLj;j cgnahfpg;gjd; \yk; ,aw;if Rw;Wg;g[wr;NHy; ghjpf;fg;glhky;

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. kz;zpd; ePh;g; gpog;g[j; jpwid nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. kz;iz ,yFthf;fp nth;

tsh;r;rpf;F njitahd fhw;nwhl;lj;ija[k; nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. ,j;jifa gad;jUk; ,aw;if

vUit kz; tsj;jpw;fhd “nyfpak;” vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

fUk;g[ njhif/ rh;f;fiu Miyf;fHpt[/ bjd;id ehh; fHpt[ Mfpaitfis tp";"hd

Kiwapy; kf;f itj;J Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j ,aw;if vUthf khw;Wk; cj;jpfs; gw;wp fPnH

fhzyhk;.

fUk;g[j;njhif

mWtil bra;a[k; fUk;gpy; 10–15 rjtpfpj mstpy; fUk;g[j; njhif fpilf;fpwJ.

xU bQf;lUf;F Rkhh; 10-15 ld; mstpy; fUk;g[j; njhif fpilf;fpwJ. fUk;g[j;njhifapy;

0.35 % jiHr;rj;Jk;/ 0.13% kzpr;rj;Jk;/ 0.31% rhk;gy; rj;Jk;/ 0.27% Rz;zhk;g[r; rj;Jk; kw;Wk;

fzprkhd mstpy; fe;jfk;/ kf;dPrpak; kw;Wk; Ez;qhl;lr; rj;Jf;fSk; cs;sd. ,e;j

fUk;g[j; njhifia mWtilf;Fg;gpd; tay;fspnyna vhpj;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. fUk;g[j;njhif

vhpf;fg;gLk;nghJ mjpYs;s jiHr;rj;Jk;/ fe;jfr;rj;Jk; tha[thfp fhw;wpy; tpiuakhfpwJ. ek;

tay;fSf;F kpft[k; mtrpakhff; fUjg;gLk; m';ffg; bghUs;fSk; vhpe;J rhk;gyhfp tpLfpwJ.


fhpakpytha[t[k; g[ifa[k; btspahfp tsp kz;lyk; khRgLfpwJ. fUk;g[j;njhif vhpa[k;nghJ

mjpf mstpy; btg;gk; btspahfpwJ. ,jdhy; kz;zpy; thGk; gaDs;s Ez;qaph;fSk;/

kz;g[Gf;fSk; mHpe;JtpLk;. nkYk; mjpf btg;gj;jpdhy; fUk;g[j;Jhh;fs; fUfp fl;ilg;gaph;

Kisg;g[j;jpwd; ghjpg;gilfpwJ. kWjhk;g[f; fpisg;g[fs; tsh;tJ jilgLfpwJ. ,jdhy;

kWjhk;g[f; fUk;g[ tay;fspy; nghf;fpl';fs; Vw;gl;L fUk;g[j; Jhh;fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J

fUk;g[ kfNYk; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. mUfpy; cs;s bjd;id ku';fs; nghd;w kw;w gaph;fSk;

btg;gj;jhy; ghjpg;gilfpwJ.

Mfnt/ ,e;j fUk;g[j; njhifia vhpf;fhky; gaDs;s tifapy; kf;f itj;J ,aw;if

vUthf cgnahfpf;fyhk;. fUk;g[ ,dg;bgUf;f fHfj;jpy; fUk;g[j;njhifia ntfkhf kf;f

itj;J fk;ngh!;l; vU jahhpg;gjw;fhd tHpKiwfs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. fUk;g[ tay;fspd;

Xu';fspy; my;yJ tptrhapfSf;F brsfhpakhd ,lj;jpy; 15 kP ePsk; (45 mo)/ 3 kPl;lh; (10 mo)

mfyk;/ 1 kPl;lh; (3 mo) MHk; cs;s FHpfis btl;of;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,e;jf; FHpapy; 13 kPl;lh;

ePsk;/ 3 kPl;lh; mfyk; gug;gstpy; Rkhh; 500 fpnyh fUk;g[j;njhifia gug;g ntz;Lk;. ,jd;kPJ

kz; my;yJ kf;fpa bjhGcuk; my;yJ Miyf;fHptpid 5 br. kP (2”) mstpw;F gug;g ntz;Lk;. ,jd;kPJ Ez;qaph; fyit (gpspnuhl;l!; (m) l;iunfhlh;kh – 1 fpnyh/ld;)/ a{hpah (7.5 fpnyh /

ld;)/ khl;Lr;rhzk; (75 fpnyh / ld;) ,itfis ePhpy; fiuj;J ,e;j fiuriy ,jd;kPJ xnu rPuhf

bjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW fUk;g[j;njhif/ Ez;qaph;f; fyit/ a{hpah/ khl;Lr; rhzf;fiury;

Mfpatw;iw cgnahfpj;J 10 Kjy; 15 mLf;Ffs; tiu njhifia FHpapy; gug;gyhk;. xt;bthU

njhif mLf;Fk; ed;F eida[k;go Ez;qaph; fyit/ a{hpah

ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ - ICAR-SBI · 2016. 5. 27. · è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ ïiù...

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Transcript of ïiù ªî£N™¸†ðƒèœ - ICAR-SBI · 2016. 5. 27. · è¼‹¹ àŸðˆFJ™ ïiù...