I. HIDROCARBURI : alcani, alchene, alchine, arene...

FORMULE CHIMICE COLEGIUL TEHNIC „CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI” ORADEA Anul şcolar 2015 - 2016

1 Prof. KASTNER ELISABETA CHIMIE ORGANICĂ

I. HIDROCARBURI : alcani, alchene, alchine, arene

ALCANI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară

Formula structurală Denumire Categoria Formula generală

n = 1 CH4 CH4 metan

alcan (legături simple)

CnH2n+2

n = 2 C2H6 H3C - CH3 etan


CnH2n+2

n = 3 C3H8 H3C - CH2 - CH3 propan


CnH2n+2

n = 4 C4H10 H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 butan


CnH2n+2

n = 5 C5H12 H3C - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 - CH3 pentan


CnH2n+2

n = 5 C5H12 H3C -( CH2)3 - CH3 pentan


CnH2n+2



n = 6 C6H14 H3C -( CH2)4 - CH3 hexan alcan

(legături simple)

CnH2n+2

n = 7 C7H16 H3C -( CH2)5 - CH3 heptan


CnH2n+2

n = 8 C8H18 H3C -( CH2)6 - CH3 octan


CnH2n+2

n = 9 C9H20 H3C -( CH2)7 - CH3 nonan


CnH2n+2

n = 10 C10H22 H3C -( CH2)8 - CH3 decan


CnH2n+2

*****************************************************************

metan CH4 metan CH4



*****************************************************************

etan C2H6 etan H3C - CH3 *****************************************************************



propan C3H8

propan H3C - CH2 - CH3 *****************************************************************

n-butan C4H10



n-butan C4H10

n-butan H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

**************************************************************************************************

izobutan C4H10



izobutan C4H10

*****************************************************************

decan C10H22



decan C10H22 sau H3C -( CH2)8 - CH3 *****************************************************************



ALCHENE

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 2 C2H4 H2C = CH2 etenă

alchenă (legătură

dublă) CnH2n

n = 3 C3H6 H2C = CH - CH3 propenă


dublă) CnH2n

n = 4 C4H8 H2C = CH -CH2 - CH3 1 - butenă


dublă) CnH2n

n = 4 C4H8 H3C- HC = CH - CH3 2 - butenă


dublă)

CnH2n

n = 5 C5H10 H2C = CH -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - pentenă


dublă)

CnH2n

n = 5 C5H10 H3C- HC = CH -CH2 - CH3 2 - pentenă


dublă)

CnH2n

n = 6 C6H12 H2C = CH-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3 1 - hexenă


dublă)

CnH2n

n = 6 C6H12 H3C- HC = CH- CH2 -CH2 - CH3 2 - hexenă


dublă)

CnH2n



n = 6 C6H12 H3C-CH2- HC = CH -CH2-CH3 3 - hexenă alchenă (legătură

dublă)

CnH2n

***********************************************************************

etenă C2H4 etenă H2C = CH2 ***********************************************************************



propenă C3H6

propenă H2C = CH - CH3 ***********************************************************************

1-butenă H2C = CH -CH2 - CH3 1-butenă C4H8



***********************************************************************

2-butenă H3C- HC = CH - CH3 2-butenă C4H8

****************************************************************



izobutenă C4H8

***********************************************************************

3-hexenă C6H12



3-hexenă C6H12

3-hexenă H3C-CH2- HC = CH -CH2-CH3

*****************************************************************



ALCHINE

Nr de atomi de C

Nr de

atomi de C

Formula moleculară


Formula

moleculară

Formula structurală

n = 2 C2H2 HC ≡ CH etină sau acetilenă alchină (legătură triplă) CnH2n-2

n = 3 C3H4 HC ≡ C - CH3 propină alchină

(legătură triplă) CnH2n-2

n = 4 C4H6 HC ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 1 - butină alchină


n = 4 C4H6 H3C - C ≡ C - CH3 2 - butină alchină


n = 5 C5H8 HC ≡ C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - pentină alchină


n = 5 C5H8 H3C- C ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 2 - pentină alchină


n = 6 C6H10 HC ≡ C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - hexină alchină


n = 6 C6H10 H3C - C ≡ C- CH2 -CH2 - CH3 2 - hexină alchină


n = 6 C6H10 H3C- CH2 - C ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 3 - hexină alchină




***********************************************************************

etină sau acetilenă C2H2 etină sau acetilenă HC ≡ CH ***********************************************************************

propină C3H4

propină HC ≡ C – CH3

***********************************************************************



1-butină C4H6 1-butină HC ≡ C -CH2 - CH3

*******************************************************************************

2-butină C4H6

2-butină H3C - C ≡ C - CH3



*****************************************************************

HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE mononucleare (arene)

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 6 C6H6 C6H6 benzen

arene sau

hidrocarburi armatice

CnH2n-6

n = 7 C7H8 C6H5 - CH3

toluen sau metil benzen

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 8 C8H10 C6H5 -CH2 - CH3 etil benzen

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 8 C8H10 C6H5 –C2H5 etil benzen

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 8 C8H10 CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

dimetil benzen sau xilen (poate fi orto 12,

meta 13, para 14)

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 9 C9H12 C6H5 -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 propil benzen

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 9 C9H12 C6H5 -CH(CH3)2 izopropil benzen

arene sau


CnH2n-6



n = 9 C9H12 C6H5 –C3H7 propil benzen arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 9 C9H12 CH3 - C6H4 -CH2 - CH3

metil etil benzen (poate fi orto 12, meta

13, para 14)

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 9 C9H12 CH3 - C6H4 –C2H5

metil etil benzen (poate fi orto 12, meta

13, para 14)

arene sau


CnH2n-6

n = 9 C9H12 C6H3 (CH3)3

trimetil benzen (poate fi vicinal 123,

simetric 135, asimetric 124)

arene sau


CnH2n-6



***********************************************************************

benzen C6H6

benzen C6H6



***********************************************************************

toluen C7H8

toluen sau metilbenzen C6H5 - CH3

formula moleculară C7H8



***********************************************************************

C8H10 izomeri etilbenzen C6H5 –CH2-CH3 sau C6H5 –C2H5

dimetilbenzen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3 dimetilbenzen sau xilen (poate fi orto 1,2; meta 1,3; para 1,4) *****************************************************************



etilbenzen C6H5 –CH2-CH3 sau C6H5 –C2H5

Formula moleculară C8H10

*****************************************************************



1,2-dimetilbenzen sau orto-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3


***********************************************************************



1,3-dimetilbenzen sau meta-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3


***********************************************************************



1,4-dimetilbenzen sau para-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3


***********************************************************************



Izomeri C9H12 ***********************************************************************



propilbenzen izopropilbenzen C6H5 -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 C6H5 -CH(CH3)2


derivaţi monosubtituiţi ai benzenului ***********************************************************************



o m p

metil-etilbenzen CH3 - C6H4 -CH2 - CH3

formula moleculară C9H12 derivaţi disubstiuiţi ai benzenului ***********************************************************************



1,2,3-trimetilbenzen (izomer vicinal)

trimetilbenzen C6H3(CH3)3

formula moleculară C9H12 derivat trisubstiuit ai benzenului ***********************************************************************



1,2,4-trimetilbenzen (izomer asimetric)


formula moleculară C9H12 derivat trisubstiuit ai benzenului



***********************************************************************

1,3,5-trimetilbenzen (izomer simetric)


formula moleculară C9H12 derivat trisubstiuit ai benzenului



HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE polinucleare (arene)

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 10 C10H8

sau

naftalină

arene sau


dinucleare

CnH(2n+2)-14

naftalina C10H8



RADICALI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH3 - CH3 - metil radical

monovalent CnH2n+1 -

n = 1 - CH2 - -CH2- metilen radical

divalent CnH2n -

n = 1 -CH - -C∕H - metin radical

trivalent CnH2n-1 -

n = 2 C2H5 - CH3 - CH2 - etil radical


n = 2 -C2H4- -CH2 - CH2 - 1,2 -etilen radical

divalent CnH2n -

n = 2 -C2H4- CH3 -C∕H -

1,1 -etilen sau etiliden

radical divalent CnH2n -

n = 3 C3H7 - CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - propil radical


n = 3 C3H7 - CH3 - C∕H - CH3 izopropil radical




n = 4 C4H9 - H3C - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 - n -butil radical monovalent CnH2n+1 -

n = 4 C4H9 - H3C - CH2 - C∕H - CH3 secbutil radical


n = 4 C4H9 - (CH3)2 CH - CH2 - izobutil radical


n = 4 C4H9 - (CH3)3 C - terţbutil radical


n = 6 C6H5 - C6H5 - fenil radical

monovalent CnH2n-7 -

n = 6 C6H4 - -C6H4 -

fenilen (poate fi orto 12, meta

13, para 14)

radical divalent CnH2n-8 -



II. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE MONOVALENTE : compuşi halogenaţi, compuşi hidroxilici, amine

COMPUŞI HALOGENAŢI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH3Cl CH3-Cl

clorură de metil sau

monoclormetan derivat

monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl

n = 1 CH2Cl2 CH2Cl2

clorură de metilen sau diclormetan

derivat diclorurat CnH2nCl2

n = 1 CHCl3 CHCl3

clorură de metin sau cloroform sau

triclormetan

derivat triclorurat CnH2n-1Cl3

n = 1 CCl4 CCl4

tetraclorură de carbon sau

tetraclormetan

derivat tetraclorurat CnH2n-2Cl4

n = 2 C2H5-Cl CH3 - CH2 -Cl clorură de etil derivat




n = 3 C3H7 -Cl CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -Cl clorură de propil derivat monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl

n = 3 C3H7 -Cl (CH3)2 CH -Cl clorură de izopropil derivat


n = 4 C4H9 -Cl CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -Cl clorură de n -butil derivat


n = 4 C4H9 -Cl CH3 - CH2 -CHCl - CH3

clorură de secbutil

derivat monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl

n = 4 C4H9 -Cl (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -Cl clorură de izobutil derivat


n = 4 C4H9 -Cl (CH3)3 C - Cl clorură de terţbutil derivat




***********************************************************************

monofluorometan monoclorometan monobromometan fluorură de metil clorură de metil bromură de metil CH3-F CH3-Cl CH3-Br

***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

monoclorometan diclorometan CH3-Cl CH2Cl2 clorură de metil clorură de metilen ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

Triclorometan tetraclorometan CHCl3 CCl4 clorură de metin (cloroform) tetraclorură de carbon ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

monocloroetan CH3-CH2-Cl clorură de etil formula moleculară C2H5Cl **********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

1-monocloropropan CH3 –CH2-CH2-Cl clorură de propil formula moleculară C3H7Cl **********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

2-monocloropropan CH3 –CH(Cl)-CH3 clorură de izopropil formula moleculară C3H7Cl



COMPUŞI MONOHIDRIXILICI - ALCOOLI MONOHIDROXILICI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH4O CH3-OH

alcool metilic sau metanol

alcool monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O

n = 2 C2H6O CH3 - CH2 -OH

alcool etilic sau etanol


n = 3 C3H8O CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -OH

alcool propilic sau propanol


n = 3 C3H8O (CH3)2 CH -OH

alcool izopropilic sau izopropanol


n = 4 C4H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -OH

alcool butilic sau

1-butanol alcool

monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O

n = 4 C4H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH(OH) - CH3

alcool secbutilic sau 2-butanol


n = 4 C4H10O (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -OH

alcool izobutilic sau izobutanol


n = 4 C4H10O (CH3)3 C - OH

alcool terţbutilic sau terţbutanol




***********************************************************************

1-hidroximetan metanol CH3-OH alcool metilic formula moleculară CH4O ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

1-hidroxietan etanol CH3-CH2-OH alcool etilic formula moleculară C2H6O **********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

1-hidroxipropan 1-propanol CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -OH alcool propilic Formula moleculară C3H8O ***********************************************************************



2-hidroxipropan 2-propanol (CH3)2 CH -OH alcool izopropilic Formula moleculară C3H8O



COMPUŞI POLIHIDROXILICI - POLIOLI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 2 C2H6O2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH

1,2 dihidroxi etan sau 1,2 etandiol sau

glicol diol CnH2n+2O2

n = 3 C3H8O3 HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH

1,2,3 trihidroxi propan sau 1,2,3 propantriol sau

glicerina

triol CnH2n+2O3

n = 6 C6H14O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH hexitol hexitol CnH2n+2O6



***********************************************************************

1,2-dihidroxietan

1,2 etandiol sau glicol HO-CH2-CH2-OH Formula moleculară C2H6O2 ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

1,2,3-trihidroxipropan 1,2,3 propantriol sau glicerina

HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH Formula moleculară C3H8O3



***********************************************************************

1,2,3,4,5,6-hidroxihexan hexitol

HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH formula moleculară C6H14O6 ***********************************************************************



AMINE

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH5N CH3-NH2 metil amină

amină primară

CnH2n+1-NH2 sau R -NH2

n = 2 C2H7N CH3 - CH2 -NH2 etil amină

amină primară


n = 3 C3H9N CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -NH2 propil amină

amină primară


n = 3 C3H9N (CH3)2 CH -NH2 izopropil amina

amină primară


n = 4 C4H11N CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -NH2 n-butil amina

amină primară


n = 4 C4H11N CH3 - CH2 -CH(NH2) - CH3 secbutil amina

amină primară




n = 4 C4H11N (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -NH2 izobutil amina amină

primară


n = 4 C4H11N (CH3)3 C - NH2 terţbutil amina

amină primară


n = 2 C2H7N CH3 - NH -CH3 dimetil amina

amină secundară R1 -NH -R2

n = 3 C3H9N CH3 -CH2 - NH -CH3 etil metil amina


n = 3 C3H9N C2H5 - NH -CH3 etil metil amina


n = 3 C3H9N (CH3)3 N trimetil amina

amină terţiară

(R1)(R2)(R3)N

n = 4 C6H15N (CH3 -CH2)3 N trietil amina

amină terţiară

(R1)(R2)(R3)N

n = 4 C6H15N (C2H5)3 N trietil amina

amină terţiară

(R1)(R2)(R3)N



***********************************************************************

aminometan

metilamina CH3-NH2 formula moleculară CH5N amină primară ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

aminoetan

etilamina CH3 - CH2 -NH2

formula moleculară C2H7N amină primară ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

dimetilamina CH3 - NH -CH3

formula moleculară C2H7N amină secundară *****************************************************************



*****************************************************************

trimetilamina (CH3)3 N formula moleculară C3H9N amină terţiară **********************************************************************



III. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE DIVALENTE : COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - aldehide şi cetone

COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - ALDEHIDE

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH2O H2C = O

aldehidă formică sau metanal

aldehidă CnH2nO sau R-HC = O

n = 1 CH2O H - HC = O

aldehidă formică sau metanal


n = 2 C2H4O CH3 - HC = O

aldehidă acetică sau etanal


n = 3 C3H6O CH3 -CH2 - HC = O

aldehidă propanoică sau

propanal aldehidă

CnH2nO sau R-HC = O

n = 4 C4H8O CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - HC = O

aldehidă butirică sau butanal




n = 4 C4H8O (CH3)2 CH -HC = O aldehidă

izobutirică sau izobutanal


n = 4 C7H6O C6H5 -HC = O

aldehidă benzoică sau benzaldehidă

aldehidă aromatică Ar - HC = O

*********************************************************************************************

metanal H2C = O aldehida formică formula moleculară CH2O ********************************************************************************************



*********************************************************************************************

etanal CH3 - HC = O aldehida acetică sau acetaldehidă formula moleculară C2H4O *******************************************************************************************



********************************************************************************************

propanal CH3 -CH2 - HC = O aldehidă propanoică formula moleculară C3H6O *********************************************************************************************



********************************************************************************************

Aldehidă benzoică C6H5 -HC = O Benzaldehidă Formula moleculară C7H6O *******************************************************************



COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - CETONE

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 3 C3H6O (CH3)2 C = O

dimetil cetonă sau acetonă sau propanonă

cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 3 C3H6O CH3- CO -CH3

dimetil cetonă sau acetonă sau propanonă

cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 4 C4H8O (CH3)(CH3-CH2) C = O

metil etil cetonă sau butanonă

cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 4 C4H8O CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH3


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 4 C4H8O (CH3)(C2H5) C = O


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 4 C4H8O C2H5 - CO -CH3


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0



n = 5 C5H10O (CH3)(CH3-CH2-CH2) C = O metil propil cetonă

sau 2-pentanonă cetonă

CnH2nO sau (R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CO -CH3

metil propil cetonă sau 2-pentanonă

cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O (CH3)(C3H7) C = O


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O C3H7 - CO -CH3


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O (CH3-CH2)2 C = O

dietil cetonă sau 3-pentanonă

cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH2 -CH3


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O (C2H5)2 C = O


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0

n = 5 C5H10O C2H5 - CO –C2H5


cetonă CnH2nO sau

(R1)(R2)C = 0



n = 8 C8H8O (C6H5)(CH3)C = O

fenil metil cetonă sau acetofenonă

sau acetilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

mixtă (Ar)(R)C = 0

n = 8 C8H8O C6H5 - CO - CH3

fenil metil cetonă sau acetofenonă

sau acetilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

mixtă (Ar)(R)C = 0

n = 8 C8H8O C6H5 - CO - CH3 acetilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

mixtă (Ar)(R)C = 0

n = 13 C13H10O (C6H5)2C = O difenil cetonă sau benzofenonă sau benzoilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

(Ar)(Ar)C = 0

n = 13 C13H10O C6H5 - CO - C6H5 difenil cetonă sau benzofenonă sau benzoilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

(Ar)(Ar)C = 0

n = 13 C13H10O C6H5 - CO - C6H5 benzoilbenzen

cetonă aromatică

(Ar)(Ar)C = 0



***********************************************************************

propanonă (CH3)2 C = O dimetilcetonă CH3- CO -CH3 acetonă formula moleculară C3H6O ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

butanonă (CH3)(CH3-CH2) C = O metil-etil-cetonă CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH3 formula moleculară C4H8O *****************************************************************



***********************************************************************

2-pentanonă (CH3)(C3H7) C = O metil-propil-cetonă C3H7 - CO -CH3 formula moleculară C5H10O ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

3-pentanonă (CH3-CH2)2 C = O dietilcetonă CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH2 -CH3

formula moleculară C5H10O



*****************************************************************

fenil-metil-cetonă C6H5 - CO - CH3 acetofenonă sau acetilbenzen formula moleculară C8H8O ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

difenilcetonă C6H5 - CO - C6H5

benzofenonă sau benzoilbenzen formula moleculară C13H10O ***********************************************************************



IV. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

TRIVALENTE : COMPUŞI CARBOXILICI - acizi carboxilici

ACIZI MONOCARBOXILICI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 1 CH2O2 H - COOH

acid formic sau acid metanoic

acid carboxilic

CnH2nO2 sau R - COOH

n = 2 C2H4O2 CH3 - COOH

acid acetic sau acid etanoic

acid carboxilic


n = 3 C3H6O2 CH3 -CH2 - COOH acid propanoic

acid carboxilic


n = 4 C4H8O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

acid butiric sau acid butanoic

acid carboxilic


n = 4 C4H8O2 (CH3)2 CH -COOH

acid izobutiric sau acid izobutanoic

acid carboxilic




n = 5 C5H10O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH acid pentanoic acid

carboxilic


n = 6 C6H12O2 CH3 –(CH2)4 - COOH acid hexanoic sau

acid capronic acid

carboxilic


n = 7 C7H6O2 C6H5 - COOH acid benzoic

acid carboxilic aromatic

Ar - COOH



***********************************************************************

acid metanoic H - COOH acid formic formula moleculară CH2O2

***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

acid etanoic CH3 – COOH acid acetic formula moleculară C2H4O2

***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

acid propanoic CH3 -CH2 - COOH formula moleculară C3H6O2 ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH Acid butiric Formula moleculară C4H8O2 ***********************************************************************



***********************************************************************

acid benzoic C6H5 – COOH formula moleculară C7H6O2

***********************************************************************



ACIZI GRAŞI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 4 C4H8O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

acid butiric sau acid butanoic

acid gras (unt de vacă)


n = 12 C12H24O2 CH3 –(CH2 )10 - COOH acid lauric

acid gras (unt de cocos)


n = 16 C16H32O2 CH3 –(CH2 )14 - COOH acid palmitic

acid gras (fructe de palmier,

orice grăsime)


n = 18 C18H36O2 CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH acid stearic

acid gras (orice

grăsime)


n = 18 C18H34O2 CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH acid oleic

acid gras nesaturat (uleiuri – uleiul de măsline)

CnH2n-2O2



******************************************************************************************************

Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH Acid butiric Formula moleculară C4H8O2 ******************************************************************************************************



******************************************************************************************************

acid lauric CH3 –(CH2 )10 - COOH

formula moleculară C12H24O2 ******************************************************************************************************



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acid palmitic CH3 –(CH2 )14 - COOH formula moleculară C16H32O2 ******************************************************************************************************



******************************************************************************************************

acid stearic CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH




******************************************************************************************************

acid oleic CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH formula moleculară C18H34O2 ******************************************************************************************************



V. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU FUNCŢIUNI MIXTE :

aminoacizi, zaharide

AMINOACIZI

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n caz general R- CαH(NH2)-COOH α aminoacid aminoacid α aminoacid

n = 2 C2H5NO2 H2N- CαH2 -COOH

acid α amino acetic sau glicină

aminoacid α aminoacid

n = 2 C2H5NO2 H- CαH(NH2)-COOH

acid α amino acetic sau glicină


n = 3 C3H7NO2 CH3- CαH(NH2)-COOH

acid α amino propionic sau

α alanină aminoacid α aminoacid

n = 5 C5H11NO2 (CH3)2CH- CαH(NH2)-COOH

acid α amino izovalerianic


n = 4 C4H7NO4 HOOC-CH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

acid α amino succinic sau acid

asparagic aminoacid

acid monoamino dicarboxilic



n = 5 C5H9NO4 HOOC-CH2-CH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH acid α amino

glutaric sau acid glutamic

aminoacid acid monoamino

dicarboxilic

n = 6 C6H14N2O2 H2N-CεH2-(CH2)3-CαH(NH2)-COOH acid α, ε diamino

capronic sau lisina aminoacid

acid diamino monocarboxilic

n = 3 C3H7NO3 HO-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

acid α amino β hidroxi propionic

sau serina

hidroxi aminoacid

nu e cazul

n = 3 C3H7NO2S HS-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

acid α amino β tio propionic sau

cisteina

tio aminoacid

nu e cazul



H2N-C2H2-C1OOH acid 2-aminoetanoic (IUPAC) acid α aminoacetic glicină sau glicocol *****************************************************************************************



*****************************************************************************************

α alanina CH3- CαH(NH2)-COOH

acid 2-aminopropanoic (IUPAC) *****************************************************************************************



*****************************************************************************************

Valina Acid 2-amino-3-metilbutanoic (IUPAC) Acid α aminoizovalerianic

(CH3)2CH- CαH(NH2)-COOH *****************************************************************************************



*****************************************************************************************

HO-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH acid α amino β hidroxi propanoic serina acid 2-amino-3-hidroxipropanoic (IUPAC)

*****************************************************************



*****************************************************************************************

HS-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH acid α amino β tio propanoic cisteina acid 2-amino-3-tiopropanoic (IUPAC) *****************************************************************************************



MONOZAHARIDE

Nr de atomi de

C

Formula moleculară


n = 6 C6H12O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-HC=O glucoză monozaharidă CnH2nO6

n = 6 C6H12O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]3-CO-CH2-OH fructoză monozaharidă CnH2nO6



*****************************************************************************************

Glucoză (aldohexoză) C6H12O6

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Fructoză (cetohexoză) C6H12O6 ******************************************************************************************************

I. HIDROCARBURI : alcani, alchene, alchine, arene...

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