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Karnataka Textbook Society (R.)100 Ft. Ring Road, BSK 3rd Stage,

Bengaluru - 560085.

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PrefaceSince June 2010 the Textbook Society, Karnataka has been

engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabiwhich in turn are designed based on NCF – 2005. Textbooksare prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as media ofinstruction. From standard 1 to 4 there are EVS, mathematicsand from 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namelymathematics, science and social science.

NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are:

• Connecting knowledge to life activities

• Learning to shift from rote methods

• Enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks

• Learning experiences for construction of knowledge

• Making examinations flexible and integrating them withclassroom experiences

• Caring concerns within the democratic policy of thecountry.

• Make education relevant to the present and future needs.

• Softening the subject boundaries, integrated knowledgeand the joy of learning.

• The child is the constructor of knowledge.

The new books are produced based on three fundamentalapproaches namely Constructive Approach, Spiral Approachand Integrated Approach.

The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities,master skills and competencies. The materials presented inthese books are integrated with values. The new books are notexamination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they

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G. S. MudambadithayaCoordinator

Curriculum Revision andTextbook Preparation

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bangaluru, Karnataka

Nagendra KumarManaging Director

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bangaluru, Karnataka

help the learner in the total development of his/her personality;thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthysociety and a productive citizen of this great country, India.

The most important objectives of teaching language are:listening, speaking, reading, writing and reference work. Theseskills have been given a lot of importance in all the languagetextbooks. Along with the inculcation of these skills,fundamental grammar, opportunities for learners to appreciatebeauty and imbibe universal life values have been integrated inthem. When learners master these competencies, they wouldstop studying textbooks for the sake of passing examinations.In order to help learners master these competencies, a numberof paired and group activities, assignments and project workhave been included in the textbooks. It is expected that theseactivities would help learner master communicative skills.Ultimately, it is expected that students master the art of learningto learn and make use of these competencies in real life.

The Textbook Society expresses its gratitude to thechairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs andCTEs and the members of the Editorial Board and printers inhelping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks. Afew works of some writers and poets have been included inthese textbooks. The Textbook Society is extremely grateful tothem for giving their consent for the inclusion of these piecesin the textbooks.

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gXñ` :S>m°. am{JZr. Ama, qhXr AÜ`m{nH$m (ñd¡pÀN>H$ AdH$me àmá) 738/4, gmopßnZH$mobm ñQ´>rQ>, H$mern{VAJ«hma, Ho$.Ama. _whëbm, _¡gyé - 24lr_Vr gw_m Eg². Ho$., {df` n[adrjrH$m ({hÝXr) ~|Jbya {d^mJ Am wdVmb`, ~|Jbyé - 01.S>m°. Eg. E. _§OwZmW, ghm`H$ àmo\o$ga Ed§ {d^mJmÜ`j, qhXr {d^mJ, nmo§n¡ H$m°boO, EoH$bm,_§Jbyé-574141S>m°. Eg. {d{O, gh-{ejH$ (qhXr), gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, dm|Q>rH$moßnb, _¡gyé-570020lr Or. E_. _§OwZmW, gh-{ejH$ (qhXr), gaH$mar nr. w. H$m°boO, Jm¡Zrnëbr, lr{Zdmgnwam VmëbwH$m,H$mobma {Obm-563161lr_Vr. dg§VHw$_mar ~mB©, gh-{e{jH$m (qhXr), Eg. Eg. nr. Eg. hmB©ñHy$b, H$moßnm VmëbwH$m,{MŠH$_Jbyé {Obm - 577126dmgwXod_y{V© Eg., qhXr AÜ`mnH$, gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, Or.~r. gaJyé, EM.S>r.H$moQ>o (Vm),_¡gyé {Obm - 570026.

CÞV n[aerbZ g{_{V :S>m°. H$merZmW A§~bJo, AdH$me àmá àmo\o$ga, Jwb~Jm© {díd{dÚmb`, H$b~wa{J.S>m°. Ho$.E. go~mpñQ>`Z, H«$mBñQ> {díd{dÚmb`, hmogya amoS>, ~|JbyéS>m°. JUoe ndma, AÜ`j, qhXr {d^mJ, AH$Zm©Q>H$ H|$Ðr` {díd{dÚmb`, H$b~wa{J.

H$bmH$ma:lr S>r. EZ. d|H$Q>oe, gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, Ca_ma Ho$gbJoao, _§S²>`m {Obm.

H$m ©H«$_ g§ moOH$ :lr_Vr O`bú_r gr.S>r., ghm`H$ {ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²> nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

nmR²>` nwñVH$ n[aîH$aU g{_{V

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AZwH«$_{UH$m

H«$.g§. nmR> H$m Zm_ {dYm n¥.g§.1. {H$Vm~ H${dVm 1

2. àm`píMÎm JX²` 6

3. ZmJßnm H$m e§I JX²` 10

4. naN>mB© H${dVm 16

5. K_§S>r XrnH$ JX²` 20

6. ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg JX²` 25

7. Hw$g§J{V go ~M| JX²` 31

8. grImo H${dVm 36

9. H$am_mVr EoZH$ JX²` 40

10. X`mdmZ {gX²YmW©$ JX²` 45

11. gmhgr C{_©bm JX²` 52

12. `h Xoe h_mam H${dVm 58

13. gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob JX²` 62

14. {Ibm¡Zo JX²` 66

15. YaVr ~b H${dVm 72

16. VoZmbram_ JX²` 75

17. Ob hr OrdZ h¡ JX²` 81

18. S>m`ar H$m EH$ nÝZm JX²` 86

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gmar MrµOm| _| g~go ß`marhmoVr h¡ {H$Vm~,

CbPo-CbPo ha gdmb H$mXoVr h¡ Odm~Ÿ&1Ÿ&

H$moB© N>moQ>r, H$moB© _moQ>r,hmoVr h¡ {H$Vm~,

H$moB© H${R>Z Vmo H$moB© gab,hmoVr h¡ {H$Vm~Ÿ&2&

n‹T>Zm-n‹T>mZm AÀN>r AmXVBgH$mo Vw_ AnZmAmo,

AÜ``Z go ~ZVo BZgmZBggo Z H$VamAmoŸ&3Ÿ&

****H${dVm - gma

{H$Vm~ AWm©V² nwñVH$ h_mao {bE {_Ì O¡gr h¡Ÿ& dh h_mam _mJ©Xe©ZH$aVr h¡Ÿ& h_mao gdmbm| H$m R>rH$-R>rH$ Odm~ XoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE h_|{H$Vm~ go ñZoh H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a Cggo Xya Zht OmZm h¡Ÿ&

nmR>1 {H$Vm~

Ame` : {H$Vm~m| Ho$ à{V ~ÀMm| Ho$ _Z _| àoaUm CËnÞ H$aZm& ~ÀMm| _|_mZdr`Vm Ho$ JwU {H$Vm~m| Ûmam _mÌ g§ d h¡&

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OmZmo :CbPo-CbPo - H${R>Z, qMVm; gdmb - àíZ, nyN>Zo H$m ^md;AÜ``Z - n‹T>mB©, H$VamZm - ZµOa ~MmH$a {ZH$b OmZm, Xya OmZm&

Aä`mgI. ~VmAmo :

1) gmar MrµOm| _| ß`mar MrµO H$m¡Z-gr h¡?

2) ha gdmb H$m Odm~ {H$ggo {_bVm h¡ ?

3) H$moB© {H$Vm~ H${R>Z hmoVr h¡, Vmo H$moB© {H$Vm~ H$¡gr hmoVr h¡ ?

4) {H$Vm~| H¡$gr hmoVr h¢ ?

5) H$m¡Z-gr AmXV AÀN>r h¡?

6) BZgmZ H$¡go ~ZVo h¢ ?

II. ghr eãX MwZH$a [aŠV ñWmZ ^amo :

1) g~go ß`mar hmoVr h¡ &

2) ha H$m XoVr h¡ Odm~Ÿ&

3) H$moB© N>moQ>r H$moB© hmoVr h¡ {H$Vm~Ÿ&

4) n‹T>Zm-n‹T>mZm AÀN>r BgH$mo Vw_ AnZmAmoŸ&

5) AÜ``Z go ~ZVo Bggo Z H$VamAmoŸ&

AmXV, BZgmZ, gdmb, {H$Vm~, _moQ>r

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III. ewÕ ê$n {bImo :

1) ß`mam {H$Vm~ - ß`mar {H$Vm~

2) AÀN>m AmXV -

3) N>moQ>m {H$Vm~ -

4) gmam MrµO -

5) _moQ>m {H$Vm~ -

IV. dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$amo :

1) {H$Vm~ : Ÿ&

2) gdmb : Ÿ&

3) BZgmZ : Ÿ&

4) AZn‹T> : Ÿ&

5) AÜ``Z : Ÿ&

6) AmXV : Ÿ&

7) N>moQ>r : Ÿ&

V. AmnHo$ Ka _| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z {H$Vm~| n‹T>Vo h¡§ ?

(CZHo$ AmJo ghr (✓) {Mh²Z bJmAmo)

1) _mVm ( )

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2) {nVm ( )

3) ^mB© ( )

4) ~hZ ( )

5) Zm¡H$a ( )6) Zm¡H$amZr( )

VI. {dbmo_ eãX {bImo:

O¡go : gdmb x Odm~

1) N>moQ>r x

2) _moQ>r x

3) x gab

4) x ~war

5) {_Ì x

6) JbV x

VII. AJa Vwåh| Bg H${dVm H$m Zm_ ~XbZo H$mo H$h|, Vmo Vw_ Bgo Š`m Zm_ XmoJo ?

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H${dVm go AmJo-

{MÌ ~ZmAmo :

1. _moQ>r {H$Vm~

2. H$b_ Am¡a {H$Vm~

3. n‹T>Vo hþE {dÚmWr©

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nmR>2 àm`píMÎm

-_mohZXmg H$a_M§X Jm§Yr

Ame` : JbVr H$aZm ghO h¡& Cg JbVr H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZm Am¡a CgHo${bE àm`píMÎm H$aZo H$s àoaUm ~ƒm| H$mo {_bVr h¡&

EH$ ~ma ~mbH$ _mohZXmg Zo AnZo Zm¡H$a H$s Oo~go Hw$N> én o Mwam o Wo& AnZr Bg haH$V na CÝh| ~hþVnN>Vmdm hþAm& CÝhm|Zo _Z _| V` {H$`m "A~ _¢ MmoarZht H$ê§°$Jm', bo{H$Z do AnZr ~mV {Z^m Z nmò&

Jm§YrOr O~ n§Ðh gmb Ho$ Wo V~ CZHo$ ^mB©Hw$g§J _| n‹S>H$a {H$grHo$ H$µO©Xma hmo Jò& CZHo$ ^mB©~mOy~§X nhZVo Wo& Cg_| EH$ gmoZo H$m VmdrµO ~§YmhþAm Wm& CZ XmoZm| Zo Cg VmdrµO _| go Wmo‹S>m-gm gmoZm

H$mQ> {b`m Am¡a Cgo ~oM {X`m& Cggo {_br aH$_ go H$µO© Ho$ nƒrg énòMwH$m {X o& H$µO© H$m ma Vmo CVa J`m bo{H$Z Jm§YrOr Ho$ D$na nmn ~moY H$m^ma M‹T> J`m& do ~ma-~ma _Z H$mo g_PmVo {H$ AmJo Mmoar Zht H$a|Jo, qH$VwOmo nmn hmo MwH$m Wm dh CZH$mo {XZ-amV H$MmoQ>Vm ahVm&

Jm§YrOr Zo V` {H$`m {H$ do {nVmOr H$mo AnZm AnamY ~Vm X|Jo bo{H$ZCZH$s {hå_V Z n‹S>r& CÝh| ^` Wm {H$ Mmoar H$aZo H$s ~mV go {nVmOr H$moVH$brµ\$ hmoJr& {\$a ^r CÝhm|Zo EH$ H$mJµO na gmar ~mV| {bIH$a H$m±nVohmWm| go Cgo {nVmOr H$mo nH$‹S>m {X`m& Jm§YrOr Zo nÌ _| AnZm AnamYñdrH$ma {H$`m Wm Am¡a {bIm Wm {H$ Cg H$m`© Ho$ {bE CÝh| gµOm {_bZrMm{hE& nÌ _| CÝhm|Zo dMZ {X`m Wm {H$ A~ do H$^r Mmoar Zht H$a|Jo&

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{nVmOr Zo O~ nÌ n‹T>m CZH$s Am±Im|go Am±gy Q>nH$Zo bJo& CÝhm|Zo nÌ \$m‹S>S>mbm Am¡a do boQ> J o& Jm§YrOr {N>nH$a`h g~ XoI aho Wo& do ^r amoZo bJo&{nVmOr Ho$ ào_ Ho$ CZ Am±gwAm| Zo CZH$mgmam H$bwf Ymo S>mbm& CÝhm|Zo gmoMm Wm{nVmOr ZmamµO hmo OmE±Jo, CZH$mo~wam-^bm H$h|Jo, bo{H$Z AmíM`© {H$ do {~ëHw$b em§V aho& Jm§YrOr Zo g_P{b`m {H$ `h CZH$s JbVr ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$m \$b h¡&

`mX aImo ""JbVr H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZm ewX²Y àm`píMÎm hmoVm h¡&''

****OmZmo:

haH$V-eamaV, ~wam H$m_; V`-{ZíM`, {Z^mZm-{Zdm©h H$aZm, nyamH$aZm; Hw$g§J-~wam gmW, ~mOy~§X - ~m±h na nhZZodmbm EH$ JhZm, MwH$mZm- AXm H$aZm, ~moY-kmZ, g_P; H$MmoQ>Zm-Mw Zm, J‹S>Zm ; {hå_V-gmhg,VH$br\$-H$ï>, XþI; H$bwf-_¡b, àm`píMÎm-nmn H$m ewX²YrH$aU&

Aä`mgI. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {bImo:

1) EH$ ~ma ~mbH$ _mohZXmg Zo Š`m {H$`m Wm?2) _mohZXmg Zo _Z _| Š`m V` {H$`m?3) CZHo$ ^mB© Š`m| H$µO©Xma hmo J o Wo?4) Jm§YrOr Zo nÌ _| H$m¡Z-gm dMZ {X`m Wm?5) {nVmOr Ho$ ào_ H$m n[aUm_ Š`m hþAm?6) Bg H$hmZr go H$m¡Z-gr grI {_bVr h¡?

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II. dmŠ` _| à`moJ H$amo:

1) nN>Vmdm hmoZm2) V` H$aZm3) {XZ-amV4) VH$br\$5) AmíM ©

III. eãXm| H$mo ghr T>§J go {bImo:

1) VmN>dmn

2) ~§~mXOy

3) AYnam

4) H$br\$V

5) nH$Q>Zm

IV. AÝ` qbJ eãX {bImo:

1) {nVmOr -

2) Zm¡H$a -

3) ^mB© -

4) - AÜ`m{nH$m

5) - ór

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V. ^maV Xoe _| _hmË_m Jm§YrOr O¡go AZoH$ _hmZ² Xoe^ŠV n¡Xm hþE&S>m°.~r.Ama. A§~oS>H$a ^r CZ_| go EH$ h¢&

A~ ~VmAmo A§~oS>H$a Or Ho$ ~mao _| Vw_ {H$VZm OmZVo hmo:

1) CZH$m OÝ_ {XZ

2) CZH$m OÝ_ ñWmZ

3) CZHo$ {nVmOr H$m Zm_

4) CZH$s _mVmOr H$m Zm_

5) A§~oS>H$a Or Bg à{gÕ Zm_ go OmZo OmVo h¢

nmR> go AmJo-

* nwñVH$mb` OmH$a Jm§YrOr H$s N>moQr-N>moQ>r H$hm{Z`m± n‹T>mo&

* ^maV Ho$ ñdV§ÌVm goZm{Z`m| H$m {MÌ BH$Q²>R>m H$amo Am¡a EH$Aë~_ ~ZmAmo&

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Ame` : N>mÌm| H$mo OmZH$mar {_bVr h¡ {H$ MVwamB© go A{YH$Va g_ñ`mAm| H$mg_mYmZ {ZH$mb gH$Vo h¢&

Mma Mmoa WoŸ& do g|Y_mar _| àdrU WoŸ& EH$ amV do EH$ n§{S>V Ho$ Ka _|g|Y_mar H$aZo Ho$ {bE MboŸ& do Mmam| Ka Ho$ nrN>o go g|Y bJmZo bJoŸ& hWm¡‹S>od H$sb| R>mo§H$Zo H$s AmdmµO gwZH$a n§{S>VmBZ H$s Am±I Iwb J`rŸ& CgZo AnZon{V ZmJßnm H$mo OJm`mŸ&

ZmJßnm h‹S>~‹S>mH$a CR>mŸ& nyN>m, ""Š`m ~mV h¡?''""Yrao ~mobmo! gwZmo ! H$moB© Xrdma _| g|Y _ma ahm h¡Ÿ&''ZmJßnm Zo Ü`mZ go gwZmŸ& {\$a JX©Z {hbmH$a ~mobm, ""`h ghr h¡Ÿ&

g|Y_ma hr h¡&''dh gmoMZo bJmŸ& {\$a CgZo H$hm {H$ dh µOam ^r Z K~amEŸ& `{X

CgH$s MrI gwZo Vmo ^mJH$a AmE Am¡a {MëbmE Vm{H$ n‹S>mogr OmJ OmEŸ&ZmJßnm H$s nËZr H¥$îUm Zo {ga {hbm {X`mŸ&

nmR>3 ZmJßnm H$m e§I

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ZmJßnm Zo EH$ W¡bm {b`mŸ& AnZo ~mbm| Am¡a _y±N>m| H$mo AñV-ì`ñV{H$`mŸ& ~mha Am`mŸ&

CgH$m eH$ ghr {ZH$bmŸ& dh {Z‹S>a hmoH$a CZ Mma g|Y_mam| Ho$ ZµOXrH$J`mŸ&

g|Y_ma Mm¢H$ n‹S>oŸ& do Hw$N> H$hVo BgHo$ nhbo hr ZmJßnm Zo H$hm,""^mB`mo, _¢ ñd § g|Y_ma hÿ±Ÿ& _wPgo S>aZo H$s H$moB© µOê$aV ZhtŸ&''

EH$ Zo H$hm, ""{\$a Vmo AÀN>r ~mV h¡Ÿ&''ZmJßnm h§°gmŸ& ~mobm, ""ImH$ AÀN>r ~mV h¡Ÿ& Aao nmJbmo, `h Vmo EH$

X[aÐ ZmamÙ ZmJßnm H$m _H$mZ h¡Ÿ& n§{S>V Ho$ nmg Vmo Hw$N> ^r Zht h¡Ÿ&Ò_mZr H$aHo$ òZ - Ho$Z - àH$maoU AnZm noQ> nmbVm h¡Ÿ& Mbmo, µO_tXmaHo$ Ka Mb|Ÿ& dhm± Iy~ _mb h¡Ÿ& g|Y_mam| H$mo ZmJßnm H$s ~mV R>rH$ bJrŸ& doµO_tXma H$s hdobr Jò& g|Y_mam| Zo Cgo g_Pm`m {H$ nhbo Vw_ hdobr _|OmAmoŸ& Vwåh| hdobr Ho$ Mßno - Mßno H$m nVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a XadmµOm Imob XoZm & h_^rVa Am OmE§°JoŸ&

ZmJßnm Zo BZH$ma Zht {H$`mŸ&`{X dh BZH$ma H$aVm Vmo g§Xoh hmoOmVm CZ g|Y_mam| H$moŸ& Cgo EH$ N>moQ>rXrdma go hdobr _| Hw$Xm {X`m J`mŸ&

ZmJßnm hdobr _| BYa-CYa Ky_ZobJmŸ& Š`m R>mR>-~mQ> Wo, Š`m gånXmWrŸ& Hw$N> g_` ~mX dh AnZo W¡bo _|go e§I {ZH$mbH$a ~OmZo bJmŸ& dhe§I ~OmVm J`m Am¡a ~mha H$s Amoa^mJVm J`mŸ& XadmµOm Imob {X`mŸ&

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BYa O_tXma Ho$ bR>¡V OmJo Am¡a CYa g|Y_ma ^rVa KwgoŸ&O_tXma H$o AmX{_`m| Zo CÝh| nH$‹S> {b`mŸ&ZmJßnm H$moo XoIH$a O_tXma Zo nyN>m, ""ZmJßnm Vy ?''ZmJßnm Zo gmar ~mV ~Vm XrŸ&O_tXma CgHo$ ~w{Õ - H$m¡eb go ~‹S>m hr àgÞ hþAm Am¡a Cgo YZ

{X`mŸ&

****OmZmo :

g|Y_mar - Mmoar H$aZo Ho$ {b`o Xrdma Vmo‹S>H$a ~Zm`m hþAm N>oX {Og_|go hmoH$a Mmoa Ka _| KwgVm h¡Ÿ, àdrU - {H$gr H$m`© _| {deof ê$n go{ZnwU , AñV-ì`ñV - Aì`dpñWV `m CëQ>m-nwëQ>m , eH$ - g§Xoh, e§H$mŸ;{Z‹S>>a - gmhgr, {Z © ; X[aÐ - Jar~, {ZY©Z; `O_mZr - `k, Ym{_©H$H$m © ; oZ-Ho$Z-àH$maoU - {H$gr-Z-{H$gr àH$ma, Mßnm-Mßnm - ha OJh ,gånXm - YZ, Xm¡bV, Eoíd`©&

Aä`mg

I. H$hmZr go :

1) Ka _| {H$VZo Mmoa AmE Wo?

2) n§{S>VmBZ H$s Am±I Š`m| Iwb JB©?

3) ZmJßnm H$s nËZr H$m Zm_ Š`m Wm?

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4) g|Y_ma Am¡a ZmJßnm H$hm± OmZo H$m {ZU©` boVo h¢ ?

5) g|Y_ma {H$gHo$ Ka _| Mmoar H$aZo AmVo h¢ ?

6) ZmJßnm Zo W¡bo _| go Š`m {ZH$mbm ?

7) ZmJßnm Ho$ ~w{Õ-H$m¡eb go àgÞ hmoH$a µO_tXma Zo Cgo Š`m {X`m?

II. ghr `m JbV :1) AmR> Mmoa Wo Ÿ& (✗)

2) Mmoa Ka Ho$ AmJo go g|Y bJmZo bJoŸ& ( )

3) n§{S>VmBZ Zo AnZo n{V H$mo Zht CR>m`mŸ& ( )

4) ZmJßnm Zo AnZo ~mbm| Am¡a _±yN>m| H$mo AñV-ì`ñV {H$`mŸ& ( )

5) ZmJßnm H$mo hdobr Ho$ Mßno-Mßno H$m nVm Zht WmŸ& ( )

6) ZmJßnm µO_tXma H$m ^r n§{S>V WmŸ& ( )

7) ZmJßnm AnZo W¡bo _| go e§I {ZH$mbH$a ~OmZo bJmŸ& ( )

III. ghr eãX MwZmo Am¡a [aŠV ñWmZ H$s ny{V© H$amo:

1) do Mmoa Ka Ho$ nrN>o go bJmZo bJoŸ& (g|Y / gwamI)

2) hWm¡‹S>o d H$sb| R>m§oH$Zo H$s AmdmµO gwZH$a H$s Am±IIwb JB©Ÿ& (n§{S>V / n§{S>VmBZ)

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3) Yrao ~mobmo, gwZmo, H$moB© _| g|Y _ma ahm h¡Ÿ&

(Xrdma / Ûma)

4) ZmJßnm Zo EH$ {b`mŸ& (H$n‹S>m / W¡bm)

5) `h Vmo EH$ Zmam`U ZmJßnm H$m _H$mZ h¡Ÿ&

(X[aÐ/YZr)

6) g|Y_mam| H$mo ZmJßnm H$s ~mV bJrŸ& (JbV/ghr)

IV. ghr Omo‹S>o {_bmAmo :-ZmJßnm e§In§{S>VmBZ n§{S>VW¡bm hdobrµO_tXma H¥$îUm

V. H$m¡Z Š`m h¡ ?e§I, V~bm, Xrdma, {I‹S>H$s, T>mobH$, g|Y_ma, S>H¡$V, _H$mZ,

hdobr, _wabr, bwQ>oam, XadmµOm, g_wÐr S>mHy$, hma_mo{Z`_²

BZ eãXm| Ho$ AW© g_Pmo Am¡a CÝh| ghr ñV§^ _| {bImo:

~mOm Amdmg Mmoar

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nmR> go AmJo-

* AnZr H$ënZm go :ZmJßnm Zo AnZr ~w{Õ - H$m¡eb go g|Y_mam| H$mo nH$‹S>dm`m & AJa

Vw_ ZmJßnm H$s OJh hmoVo Vmo Š`m H$aVo ?_¢

&

* Z`m erf©H$ :

AJa Vwåh| Bg H$hmZr H$m Zm_ ~XbZo H$mo H$h|, Vmo Vw_ Bgo Š`mZm_ XmoJo?

1)

2)

3)

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nmR>4

naN>mBª

gwZmo gwZmVm hÿ± EH$ H$hmZrHw$Îmo Zo H$s Š`m ZmXmZramñVo _| n‹S>r EH$ amoQ>r nmH$aZXr Vra na nhþ±Mm OmH$aŸ&

Ob _| XoIm AnZm gm`mgmar eoIr AnZr yb J`mg_Pm Xygam Hw$Îmm CgH$moAm`m {bE _w±h _| amoQ>r H$moŸ&

g_Pm AnZo _Z CgZoAm`m _oar amoQ>r N>rZZoŸ&gmoMm CgH$mo _ma ^JmD±${\$a gwI go _¢ amoQ>r ImD±$Ÿ&

bJm ^m¢H$Zo Am eoIr _|amoQ>r _w§°h go {Jar ZXr _|Ÿ&{~Zm gmoMo H$m_ Omo H$aVo h¢do Eogm hr \$b MIVo h¢Ÿ&&

****

Ame` : AÀN>m \$b nmZo Ho$ {bE h_oem gmoM-g_PH$a H$m_ H$aZm Mm{hE&

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H${dVm-gmaBg H${dVm _| H${d h_| EH$ Hw$Îmo H$s H$hmZr gwZm aho h¢Ÿ& Bg_| h_mao

{bE EH$ grI h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE `h EH$ Zr{VnaH$ H${dVm h¡Ÿ&EH$ Hw$Îmo H$mo amñVo na n‹S>r EH$ amoQ>r {_bVr h¡Ÿ& amoQ>r H$mo _w§°h _|

nH$‹S>>o dh nmg Ho$ ZXr {H$Zmao OmVm h¡Ÿ& nmZr _| AnZr naN>mBª XoI CgoXygam Hw$Îmm g_PVm h¡Ÿ& gmoMVm h¡ {H$ dh AnZr amoQ>r N>rZZo Am`m h¡Ÿ&Cgo ^JmZo Ho$ {bE ^m¢H$Vm h¡Ÿ& amoQ>r nmZr _| {JaH$a Xya ~h OmVr h¡Ÿ&

h_| R>rH$ gmoMo {~Zm H$moB© H$m_ Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

OmZmo :naN>mBª - gm`m, N>m`m; ZmXmZr - _mgy{_`V, Vra-{H$Zmam, eoIr -(amoQ>r {_bZo H$m) K_§S>, emZ>&

Aä`mg

I. H${dVm _| T±y>T>mo :

1) Hw$Îmo H$mo Š`m {_bm ?

2) Cgo boH$a dh H$hm± J`m ?

3) ZXr Ho$ nmZr _| CgZo Š`m XoIm ?

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4) naN>mBª H$mo CgZo Š`m g_Pm ?

5) Hw$Îmm Š`m| ^m¢H$m ?

6) CgH$m ZVrOm Š`m hþAm ?

II. "{~Zm gmoMo - g_Po h_| H$moB© H$m_ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE' Bg ~mV H$mo`mX aImo& Bggo g§~§{YV EH$ N>moQ>r-gr H$hmZr H$jm _| gwZmAmo&

III. ~o_ob eãX nhMmZmo Am¡a {bImo :

1. H$hmZr, ZXr, amoQ>r, amñVm

2. gm`m, J`m, Am`m, eoIr

3. h±ÿ, _°w§h, nh±wMm, _¢

IV. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma VwH$dmbo eãX {bImo :

CXm : H$hmZr-ZmXmZr

1. nmH$a -

2. ^JmD±$ -

3. H$aVo -

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V. nyU© H$amo:bJm

ZXr _|&{~Zm H$m_

\$b &&

VI. BZ eãXm| H$mo n‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo:

1) h±ÿ

2) nh±þMm

3) _w±h

4) ^JmD±$

5) ImD±$$

H${dVm go AmJo-

"Q>monrdmbm Am¡a ~§Xa' H$hmZr n‹T>mo Am¡a H$jm _| gwZmAmo &

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EH$ Ka _| EH$ nwamZo µO_mZo H$m Xr`m WmŸ& dh XoIZo _| ~‹S>m hr gw§XaWmŸ& amoµO em_ H$mo ^JdmZ Ho$ gm_Zo Cg XrnH$ H$mo Obm`m OmVm WmŸ& OmoH$moB© Cgo XoIVm, CgH$s àe§gm H$aVmŸ&

O¡go - O¡go {XZ ~rVVo JE, Xr`o _| Ah§H$ma nZnZo bJmŸ& dh gmoMZobJm - ""_¢ gy`© - M§Ð go r A{YH$ _hmZ hÿ±Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ gyaO Vmo Ho$db {XZ_| àH$me XoVm h¡Ÿ& Mm±X r Ho$db ~mha Ho$ A±Yoao H$mo Xya H$a nmVm h¡Ÿ& Ka Ho$A±Yoao H$mo Vmo _¢ hr Xya H$aVm hÿ±& Ka H$m ha H$moZm _wPgo hr amoeZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&''

dh `h ^r gmoMZo bJm - ""_¢ BVZm _hmZ hÿ± {H$ ha {XZ ^JdmZ Ho$gm_Zo _wPo Obm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ha g_mamoh H$m lrJUoe _wPo àÁd{bV H$aHo$hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

Hw$N> {XZ ~mX Xrnmdbr H$m Ë`mohma Am`m, ha Ka Ho$ Am±JZ _| XrnObmE JEŸ& XrnH$ H$m A{^_mZ `h gmoMH$a Am¡a ^r ~‹T> J`m {H$ CgHo$Zm_ H$m Vmo Ë`mohma ^r _Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{XZ na {XZ CgH$m K_§S> ~‹T>Vm hr Om ahm WmŸ& hdm, Xr o _| hmoZodmbo Bg~Xbmd H$mo XoI ahr WrŸ& CgH$mo XrnH$ H$m K_§S>r ^md ng§X Z Am`mŸ& CgZogmoMm {H$ Xr o H$mo _whmdao Ho$ AW© h¡Ÿ& dh ghr Adga H$s àVrjm H$aZo bJrŸ&

K_§S>r XrnH$nmR>5

Ame` : K_§S> ha MrµO H$mo nVZ H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡& K_§S> AmZo go ñd`§ H$mì`{ŠVËd Zï> hmo OmVm h¡&

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EH$ {XZ Xr o H$mo ObmH$a Xohar na aImJ`m WmŸ& XrnH$ K_§S> go BVamVo hþE Mm±X H$sAmoa {ga D±$Mm H$aHo$ XoIZo bJmŸ& V^r hdm H$mhëH$m Pm|H$m bJm Am¡a Xr`m [ga ZrMm H$aHo$~wP J`mŸ& CgHo$ _mWo na YwE± H$s H$mbr aoIm~Z JB©Ÿ&

V^r hdm éH$s Am¡a Xr`o go ~mobr - XrnH$ ^mB©, AmOH$b _¢ XoI ahrWr {H$ Vw_ Hw$N> Á`mXm Ah§H$mar hmo aho WoŸ& AnZr VwbZm gyaO Am¡a Mm±X goH$aZo bJo WoŸ& na XoImo Vmo, a{d-e{e H$m àH$me Am±Yr-Vyµ\$mZ go ^r Zht{_Q> nmVm Am¡a Vw_ _oao EH$ hëHo$ Pm|Ho$ go hr {_Q> JE Am¡a Vwåhmao _mWo naH$b§H$ ^r bJ J`mŸ&

hdm H$s `o ~mV| gwZH$a XrnH$ e{_ªXm hþAm Am¡a ~mobm {H$ AmJo go dhH$^r ^r K_§S> Zht H$aoJmŸ&

****OmZmo :

K_§S>r - Ah§H$mar, amoeZ - àH$me, lrJUoe hmoZm - àma§ hmoZm,àVrjm - B§VµOma, e{_ªXm - b{ÁOV, Xohar - XhbrO, BVamZm - K_§S>H$aZm &

I. H$hmZr go:1. ^JdmZ Ho$ gm_Zo ha amoµO Š`m Obm`m OmVm Wm ?

2. bmoJ {H$gH$s àe§gm H$aVo Wo ?

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22

3. Xr`m AnZr VwbZm {H$ggo H$aZo bJm Wm ?

4. ha g_mamoh Ho$ Ama§^ _| Š`m H$aVo h¢ ?

5. Xrnm| H$m Ë`mohma {H$go H$hVo h¢ ?

6. Xr`o H$mo {H$gZo g~H$ {gIm`m ?

7. Bg H$hmZr go h_| Š`m grI {_bVr h¡ ?

II. ZrMo Xr JB© dñVwE± amoeZr XoZodmbr h¢Ÿ& BZHo$ Zm_ {bImo:

III. {bImo :

Xrnm| H$m Ë`mohma Xrnmdbr

a§Jm| H$m Ë`mohma

^mB©-~hZ H$m Ë`mohma

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IV. ~VmAmo, BÝh| Am¡a Š`m H$hVo h¢ ?

Xr`mXrn

K_§S>Ah§H$ma

gyaO

Mm±X

V. ~mobmo :Xrnmdbr Ë`mohma H¡$go _Zm`m OmVm h¡ ?

VI. Xrnmdbr Ë`mohma Ho$ ~mao _| {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$amo&

VII.AmnH$mo H$m¡Z-gm Ë`mohma A{YH$ ng§X h¡? {MÌ g{hV nm±M dmŠ`{bImo…

1.

2.

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3.4.

5.

nmR> go AmJo-

Mma {d{^Þ AmH$ma Ho$ Xrnmo§ H$m {MÌ ~ZmAmo:

1. 2.

3. 4.

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nmR>6

ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg

Ame` : ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg Ho$ Am`moOZ H$s _hÎmm H$m n[aM` {_bVm h¡ &

ha amoµO H$s Vah AmO ^r gw~h {dÚmb` _| àmW©Zm hþB©Ÿ& CgHo$ µ\$m¡aZ~mX àYmZmMm ©Or Zo nyN>m :

""~ÀMmo ! `h AJñV H$m _hrZm h¡Ÿ& Bg _hrZo _| _Zm`m OmZodmbmamï´>r` Ë`mohma H$m¡Z-gm h¡? `mX h¡ Z ?g^r N>mÌ : Or hm±Ÿ& h_| `mX h¡Ÿ& ñdV§ÌVm {XdgŸ&

àYmZmMm`© : ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg H$m Š`m AW© h¡ ?

Jmonr : h_mam Xoe Cg {XZ ñdV§Ì hþAmŸ&

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_mohZ : BgH$m Š`m _Vb~ h¡, ga ?

àYmZmMm`© : Cg {XZ h_mam Xoe g{X`m| H$s Jwbm_r Ho$ ~mX ñdV§Ì hþAm WmŸ&dh {XZ Wm 15 AJñV 1947Ÿ& Bgr{bE h_ 15 AJñV H$moà{Vdf© ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg Ho$ ê$n _| ~‹S>>r Yy_Ym_ go _ZmVo h¢Ÿ&

Am_ra : Or ga ! h_ ^r ñdmV§Í`moËgd Yy_Ym_ go _Zm`|JoŸ&g^r : (C_§J go) Or hm± ga !àYmZmMm`© : CgHo$ {bE Š`m-Š`m V¡ m[a`m± H$aZr h¢ ?Xr{nH$m : ga, h_ AnZr ñHy$b H$mo gOm |Jo, g±dma|JoŸ& Am°§JZ H$mo gmµ\$-

gwWam H$a|Jo Am¡a a§J{~a§Jo H$mJµOm| go ~§XZdma ~ZmH$a gOm |JoŸ&hare : ÜdO ñV§^ H$mo ^r gOm`|JoŸ& {à`m§H$m gw§Xa a§Jmobr aMoJrŸ&

15 AJñV H$m {XZ Am`mŸ& g^r ~ÀMo gdoao hr CR>H$a ñZmZ H$aHo$y{Z\$m_© nhZH$a ñHy$b Am oŸ& g^r AÜ`mnH$ r Am oŸ& àYmZmMm © n§Mm`V

AÜ`j Ho$ gmW nYmaoŸ&ÜdOñV§^ Ho$ gm_Zo emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ AÜ`mnH$ lr ndma Or H$s

gyMZm Ho$ AZwgma g^r ~ÀMo H$Vma| ~ZmH$a I‹S>>o ahoŸ&n§Mm`V Ho$ AÜ`j Or Zo ÜdOmamohU {H$`mŸ& EH$ gmW g~Zo P§S>m d§XZ

{H$`m Am¡a amï´>JmZ Jm`mŸ& {Va§Jm gw~h H$s hdm _| emZ go bhamZo bJmŸ&n§Mm`V Ho$ AÜ`j Or Zo ñdV§ÌVm H$m _hËd ~Vm`mŸ& H$hm {H$ h_|

g§H$ën H$aZm h¡ {H$ h_ AnZr AmµOmXr na Am°§M Z AmZo X|JoŸ&^mfU H$s g_m{á Ho$ ~mX AÜ`j Or Zo VrZ ~ma "O` qhX' H$m Zmam

bJm`m Am¡a ~ÀMm| Zo Xwham`mŸ& Cggo Mmam| {XemE± Jy§°Om`_mZ hmo J`r§Ÿ&""ñdV§ÌVm H$mo ~Mm`o aIZm h_mam H$V©ì` h¡Ÿ&''

****

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g_Pmo :µ\$m¡aZ - Vwa§V, gXr - gm¡ df©, Jwbm_r - namYrZVm, XmgËd;

nYmao - Am o, g§H$ën - H$moB© H$m_ H$aZo H$m nŠH$m B>amXm, Am§°M Z AmZo XoZm- Hw$N> hm{Z Z hmoZo XoZm, Jy§°Om`_mZ - à{VÜd{ZV>&

Aä`mgI. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {bImo :

1) àYmZmMm ©Or Zo ~ÀMm| go Š`m nyN>m ?

2) AJñV Ho$ _hrZo _| H$m¡Z-gm amï´>r` Ë`mohma _Zm`m OmVm h¡?

3) {à`m§H$m Š`m H$aoJr ?

4) ~ÀMo ÜdOñV§^ Ho$ gm_Zo {H$g Vah I‹S>>o aho ?

5) ÜdOmamohU {H$gZo {H$`m ?

II. BÝh| gñda n‹T>mo :ñdV§ÌVm, µ\$m¡aZ, àYmZmMm ©, amï´>r` Ë`mohma, Yy_-Ym_, ~§XZdma,ÜdOñV§^, AmµOmXr, g§H$ën, Jy§°Om`_mZ

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III. n‹T>H$a A§Va g_Pmo :

EH$ (EH$dMZ) AZoH$ (~hþdMZ)

~ÀMm ~ÀMo

_hrZm _hrZo

H$Vma H$Vma|

{Xem {XemE±

IV. aoIm§{H$V eãXm| H$m {dbmo_ eãX {bImo:

1) AmO ^r gw~h àmW©Zm hþB©&

2) Or hm±& h_| `mX h¡&

3) Am±JZ H$mo gm\$ H$a|Jo&

4) ÜdOñV§^ Ho$ gm_Zo a§Jmobr aMoJr &

5) h_ AnZr AmµOmXr na Am±M Z AmZo X|Jo&

V. [aŠV ñWmZ ^amo:

1) ha H$s Vah {dX²`mb` _| àmW©Zm hþB© &

2) h_mam Xoe g{X`m| H$s Ho$ ~mX ñdV§Ì hþAm&

3) à{Vdf© ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg ~‹S>r go _ZmVo h¢&

4) h_ AnZr ñHy$b H$mo gOm`|Jo, &

5) Ho$ AÜ`j Or Zo ñdV§ÌVm H$m _hËd ~Vm`m&

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VI. "ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg' h_mam amï´>r` Ë`mohma h¡& AÝ` amï´>r` Ë`mohmam| H$sgyMr ~ZmAmo, CZH$mo _ZmZo Ho$ {XZm§H$ {bImo:

amï´>r` Ë`mohma {XZ1. ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg 15 AJñV2.3.4.

5.

nmR> go AmJo -

eãX Iob :

a§ Jm

b

ê$

V

hmo

1 2 3

4

7

5

6

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D$na go ZrMo

2. ÜdOñV§ Ho$ gm_Zo {à`m§H$m Zo gOm`m3. VmH$V4. Adí`6. dµOZ7. eara

~m`o§ go Xm`|

1. h_mam amï´>ÜdO

4. nmZr

5. a§Jm| H$m Ë`mohma

6. h_mam Xoe

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nmR>7

Hw$g§J{V go ~M|- lr{Zdmg Ho$. n§Mm[a`m

Ame` : Xþ>ï>m| H$s Hw$g§J{V go Xÿa ahZo H$s grI {_bVr h¡&

nwamZo µO_mZo H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& EH$ amÁ` _| EH$ amOm WmŸ& {H$gr H$maU godh AÝ` Jm±d OmZm MmhVm WmŸ& EH$ {XZ dh AnZo YZwf-~mU g{hV n¡Xbhr Mb n‹S>mŸ& MbVo-MbVo amOm WH$ J`mŸ& AV… dh amñVo _| hr EH${demb no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo ~¡R> J`mŸ& amOm AnZo YZwf-~mU ~Jb _| aIH$a AnZmCÎmar` Amo‹T>>H$a gmo J`mŸ& Wmo‹S>r hr Xoa _| Cgo Jhar ZtX Am J`rŸ&

Cgr no‹S> H$s S>mbr na EH$ H$m¡Am ~¡R>m hþAm WmŸ& CgZo ZrMo gmo`o amOmna ~rQ> H$a XrŸ& ~rQ> go amOm H$m CÎmar` J§Xm hmo J`m & amOm Iam©Q>o bo ahmWmŸ& Cgo nVm Zht Mbm {H$ CgH$m CÎmar` H¡$go Iam~ hmo J`m h¡Ÿ&

Hw$N> g_` Ho$ níMmV²> H$m¡Am dhm± go C‹S> H$a Mbm J`m Am¡a Wmo‹S>r - Xoa_| EH$ h§g C‹S>Vm hþAm Am`mŸ& h§g Cgr S>mbr na Am¡a Cgr OJh na ~¡R>m,

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Ohm± nhbo dhm± H$m¡Am ~¡R>m hþAmWmŸ& amOm H$s ZtX Iwbr Vmo CR>Vohr CgZo AnZm CÎmar` XoImŸ& amOmñd^md go ~‹S>m H«$mooYr WmŸ& CgH$sZµOa D$nadmbr S>mbr na JB©, Ohm±h§g ~¡R>m hþAm WmŸ& amOm Zo g_Pm{H$ `h g~ Bgr h§g H$s AmoN>rhaH$V h¡Ÿ& BgrZo _oam CÎmar` J§Xm{H$`m h¡Ÿ&

H«$moYr amOm Zo Amd XoIm Z Vmd,D$na ~¡R>o h§g na ~mU Mbm H$a CgoKm`b H$a {X`mŸ& h§g ~oMmam Km`bhmoH$a ZrMo {Ja n‹S>m Am¡a V‹S>nZo bJmŸ&dh V‹S>nVo hþE amOm go H$hZo bJm - ""ho amOZ²> ! _¢Zo Eogm H$m¡Z-gm AnamY {H$ m,{Oggo Vw_ Zo _wPo AnZo VrIo ~mUm| H$m {ZemZm ~Zm`m h¡? _¡§ Vmo {Z_©b Ob _|ahZodmbm njr hÿ±Ÿ& B©ída H$s H¡$gr brbm ! {g\©$ EH$ ~ma H$m¡E O¡go Xwï> njr H$s OJhna ~¡R>Zo _mÌ go hr ì`W© _| _oao àmU Om aho h¢, Vmo {\$a Xwï>m| H$m ghdmg H$aZodmbm|H$m Š`m hmb hmoVm hmoJm ?''

h§g Zo àmU N>mo‹S>Zo go nyd© H$hm - "amOZ²! Xwï>m| H$s g§J{V Zht H$aZmŠ`m|{H$ CZH$s g§J{V H$m \$b r Eogm hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&' amOm H$mo AnZo AnamYH$m ~moY hmo J`m>&

****g_Pmo:

AÝ` - AbJ (Xygam), {demb - ~‹S>m, ~Jb _| - ~mOy _|, CÎmar`- H$n‹S>>o Ho$ D$na Amo‹T>Zodmbm H$n‹S>m, ~rQ> - n{j`m| H$m _b, Iam©Q>o -ZtX _| ZmH$ m _w±h go AmZodmbr AmdmO, níMmV²> - ~mX _|, AmoN>r -Iam~ (VwÀN>), {Z_©b - n{dÌ, brbm - Iob, ì`W© - \$mbVy, ~oH$ma;ghdmg - g§J{V, \$b - n[aUm_, ~moY - kmZŸ&

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Aä`mgI. Ü`mZ _| aho :

qhXr _| Hw$N> eãX {ZË` ~hþdMZ hmoVo h¢ mZo h_oem ~hþdMZ ê$n _| hrà`wŠV hmoVo h¢, O¡go - àmU, Ho$e, ~mb, Xe©Z, hñVmja Am{XŸ&

II. _m¡{IH$ - nhbo, {bImo - ~mX _| :1) amOm H$hm± OmZm MmhVm Wm ?

2) no‹S> H$s S>mbr na Š`m Wm ?

3) amOm H$m ñd^md H¡$gm Wm ?

4) amOm H$mo AnZr JbVr H$m ~moY H¡$go hþAm?

III. Imbr OJh ^amo :

1) MbVo - MbVo amOm J`mŸ&

2) amOm bo ahm WmŸ&

3) amOm go ~‹S>m H«$moYr WmŸ&

4) H$s H¡$gr brbm!

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IV. {b{IV :

1) amOm H$hm± Am¡a Š`m| ~¡R> J`m ?

2) amOm H$m CÎmar` J§Xm Š`m| hþAm ?

3) amOm Zo h§g na ~mU Š`m| Mbm`m ?

4) Xwï> H$s g§J{V H$m Š`m n[aUm_ hþAm ?

V. BZ _| go ~o_ob eãX Ty>±T>mo Am¡a {bImo :O¡go - amOm, _hmamOm, MH«$dVr©, {^ImarŸ {^Imar

1) Am_, Ho$bm, A§Jya, no‹S>mŸ

2) Jm`, ~¡b, _moa, ^¢gŸ

3) D±$Q>, H$m¡Am, hmWr, Hw$ÎmmŸ

4) EH$, gm¡, hmW, VrZŸ

VI. ""a'' Ho$ VrZ ê$n hmoVo h¢ :

1) O¡go - Iam©Q>o, {g\©$, ì`W©, AWm©V²>Ÿ

2) O¡go - H«$moY, ào_, MH«$, àmUŸ

3) O¡go - amï´>, S´>m_m, Q´>H$, Q´>§H$Ÿ

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VII. ghr dV©Zr {bImo:1) {Z_b 2) XeZ 3) nmUr 4) H$moY 5) S>_

VIII. BZH$m {MÌ ~ZmAmo Am¡a a§J ^amo:

1) H$m¡Am

2) _moa

3) h§g

4) _wJm©

5) ~ÎmI

nmR> go AmJo -* Eogr hr Am¡a H$hm{Z`m± Ty>§‹°T>mo Am¡a n‹T>moŸ&* H$jm _| "Hw$g§J{V H$m \$b' H$hmZr gwZmAmoŸ&

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nmR>8

grImo

Ame` : ha dñVw go grI àmá H$aZm, OrdZ H$mo gw§Xa ~ZmZo H$s àW_gr‹T>>r h¡&

\y$bm| go {ZV h±gZm grImo,^m¡am| go {ZV JmZm&

Vé H$s PwH$s S>m{b`m| go,{ZV grImo ere PwH$mZm&grI hdm Ho$ Pm|H$m| go bmo,H$mo_b ^md ~hmZm&XÿY Am¡a nmZr go grImo,{_bZm Am¡a {_bmZm&

gyaO H$s {H$aUm| go grImo,OJZm Am¡a OJmZm&bVm Am¡a no‹S>m| go grImo,g~ H$mo Jbo bJmZm&Am¡a YwE± go grImo haX_,D$±MmB© na M‹T>Zm&

****

- lrZmW qgh

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H${dVm-gmaàñVwV H${dVm _| H${d Zo g§Ho$V {H$`m h¡ {H$ Bg g§gma Ho$ àË`oH$ dñVw goAdí` Hw$N>-Z-Hw$N> grIZo H$mo {_bVm h¡& \y$bm| go, ^m¡am| go, Vé H$sS>m{b`m| go, hdm Ho$ Pm|H$m| go, XÿY Am¡a nmZr go gyaO H$s {H$aUm| go VWmYwE± Am{X go _Zwî` H$mo g§gma _| H¡$gm ì`dhma H$aZm Mm{hE `h grI{_bVr h¡&

OmZmo :{ZV> - h_oem, gXm; Vé$-noS>, d¥j; H$mo_b md - _¥Xþ md, _Ywa md;

bVm-~ob, OJZm-OmJ¥V hmoZm, gMoV ; Jbo bJmZm-ß`ma H$aZm, ere -{ga, ere PwH$mZm - {dZ_« ahZm&

Aä`mgI. ~VmAmo…

1) bVm Am¡a no‹S>m| go Š`m grI {_bVr h¡?2) ere PwH$mZm h_ {H$ggo grI gH$Vo h¢?3) XÿY Am¡a nmZr go Š`m grI {_bVr h¡?4) YwE± go h_| H$m¡Z-gr grI {_bVr h¡?5) gyaO H$s {H$aU| h_| Š`m {gImVr h¢?

II. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma {bImo:O¡go : grIZm - {gImZm

1) PwH$Zm -2) ~hZm -

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3) {_bZm -

4) OJZm -

5) M‹T>Zm -

III. dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$amo:

1) ere PwH$mZm :

&

2) H$mo_b ^md :

&

3) Jbo bJmZm :

&

IV. Ka _| h_ g~Ho$ gmW {_bH$a ahVo h¢& A~ Vw_ ~VmAmo {H$ Ka _|BZgo Š`m grIVo hmo:

1) {nVmOr go

2) _mVmOr go

3) ~‹S>o mB© go

4) N>moQ>r ~hZ go

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V. [aŠV ñWmZ ^amo :

1) \y$bm| go {ZV grImo&

2) hdm Ho$ Pm|H$m| go ~hmZm&

3) {_bZm Am¡a {_bmZm XÿY Am¡a go grImo&

4) YwE± go grImo na M‹T>Zm&

5) gyaO H$s {H$aUm| go Am¡a OJmZm grImo&

6) ^m¡am| go grImo {ZV &

VI. {MÌ ~ZmAmo:

1) ^m¢am

2) \y$b

3) no‹S>

4) gy m}X`

H${dVm go AmJo-

* Eogr hr EH$ AÝ` H${dVm H$jm _| gwZmAmo Am¡a gm{W`m| H$mo AW© g_PmAmo&

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nmR9> H$am_mVr EoZH$

Ame` : n‹T>mB© Ho$ à{V àoaUm OJmZm& n‹T>mB© Ho$ {~Zm _Zwî` H$mo b{ÁOV hmoZmn‹S>>Vm h¡ Bg Amoa g§Ho$V {_bVm h¡&

hmoar EH$ AZn‹T> J§°dma Wm, AWm©V²> dh{bIZm-n‹T>Zm Zht OmZVm WmŸ& d¡go CgHo$ _m±-~mn Zo Cgo ñHy$b _| ^oOm Wm na hmoar H$mogrIZo H$s {~ëHw$b r BÀN>m Zht WrŸ& Bg{bEdh H$moam hr ah J`mŸ&

EH$ {XZ hmoar Zo S>m{H$`o H$mo XoIm Omo IVHo$ nVo H$mo n‹T>Zo go nhbo AnZr Oo~ go EoZH${ZH$mbr Am¡a nhZrŸ& ~mX _| ^r CgZo ~hþVgmao bmoJm| H$mo Eogm H$aVo XoImŸ& ñHy$b Ho$ _mñQ>aOr, Jm§°d Ho$ gan§M, Am¡a n§gmar g~ Ho$ g~EoZH$ nhZVo Am¡a {H$Vm~ `m AI~ma n‹T>>VoŸ&

""dmh ! H¡$gr H$am_mV h¡ !'' hmoar ZogmoMm ""EoZH$ BÝh| Omo Mmho n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE g_W©~Zm XoVr h¡!'' Cgr nb hmoar Zo V` {H$`m {H$ AJbr ~ma O~ dh ehaOm oJm Vmo EoZH$ µOê$a IarXoJmŸ&

""_¢ ^r n‹T>> gHy±$Jm'' ~‹S>>r Iwer go hmoar Zo AnZo Amn go H$hmŸ& Hw$N>{XZ ~mX Hw$N> ~aVZ IarXZo hmoar eha J`mŸ& dhm± nmg hr CgZo EH$ Mí_oH$s XyH$mZ XoIrŸ& hmoar XyH$mZ Ho$ A§Xa J`mŸ&

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""n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE H$moB© AÀN>m gm Mí_m{XImZm'', hmoar Zo emZ go XyH$mZXma go H$hmŸ&XyH$mZXma Zo hmoar H$mo H$B© EoZH$ {XIm o Am¡an‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE EH$ nwñVH$ ^r XrŸ& ~hþV à`ËZH$aZo na r hmoar EH$ Aja VH$ Zht n‹T>> gH$mŸ&

""`o g^r EoZH$ ~oH$ma h¢Ÿ&'' nhZo hþEEoZH$ H$mo Q>o~b na nQ>H$Vo hþE hmoar{Mëbm`mŸ& _¢ Hw$N> ^r Zht n‹T> nm ahm hÿ±Ÿ&

XyH$mZXma Zo Ame§H$m go hmoar H$s AmoaXoImŸ& CgZo XoIm {H$ hmoar Zo nwñVH$ H$mo CëQ>m nH$‹S>m h¡Ÿ&

""em`X Vw_ n‹T>Zm Zht OmZVo'' CgZo Yrao go H$hmŸ& ""{~ëHw$bŸ& _¢Zht OmZVmŸ& Bgr{bE Vmo _¢ EoZH$ MmhVm hÿ±Ÿ Vm{H$ Xygam| H$s Vah, {OÝh|Mí_m bJm o _¢Zo n‹T>Vo XoIm h¡, _¢ r n‹T>> gHy±$&''Ÿ hmoar Zo {ZarhVm go H$hmŸ&

AnZr h§°gr H$mo X~mVo XyH$mZXma ~mobm ""Vw_ Vmo {~ëHw$b ^mobo hmoŸ&EoZH$ Vwåh| n‹T>Zo _| ghm`Vm Zht H$aVrŸ& dh Vmo Vwåh| R>rH$ XoIZo _| _XXH$aVr h¡Ÿ& nhbo Vmo Vwåh| n‹T>Zm grIZm hmoJmŸ&'' Am¡a {Zame hþE hmoar H$snrR> Wn-Wnm`rŸ&

****g_Pmo :

H$am_mVr - M_ËH$mar, EoZH$ - Mí_m, J±dma-_yI©, H$moam-Imbr, n§gmar -{H$amZm ~oMZodmbm, emZ- gå_mZ, Ame§H$m-g§Xoh, {ZarhVm-CXmgrZVm,_XX - ghm`Vm&

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Aä`mgI. ghr Omo‹S>>o ~ZmAmo :

{H$amZm Hw$N> r Zht n‹T>Zm-{bIZm Zht~oMZodmbm grIZm OmZZodmbm

EoZH$ J§°dma H$moam

XohmVr Mí_m n§gmar AZn‹T>>

II. ~VmAmo - {bImo :1. hmoar H¡$gm AmX_r Wm ?

2. n‹T>>Zoo go nhbo CgZo {H$Z-{H$Z H$mo EoZH$ nhZVo XoIm?

3. hmoar Š`m g_P ~¡R>m ?

4. CgZo Š`m H$aZo H$m {Zü` {H$`m ?

5. dh eha Š`m| J`m ?

6. CgZo dhm± H$m¡Z-gr XyH$mZ XoIr ?

7. XyH$mZXma go CgZo Š`m {XImZo H$mo H$hm ?

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8. "" o g~ EoZH$ ~oH$ma h¢'' - hmoar Zo Eogm Š`m| H$hm ?

9. XyH$mZXma Zo H¡$go g_Pm {H$ hmoar AZn‹T>> h¡ ?

10. hmoar H$mo CgZo Š`m g_Pm`m ?

III. OmZmo :""EoZH$ n‹T>>Zo Ho$ {bE g_W© ~ZmVr h¡Ÿ&'' h hmoar H$s JbV\$h_r WrŸ&

BZ_| JbV\$h_r h¡-(✓) `m (×) {Mh²Z bJmAmo :n‹T>mB© {H$E {~Zm _¢ narjm nmg H$a gH$Vm hÿ±Ÿ& ( )AÞ _| Z_H$ Á`mXm hmo Vmo Im`m Zht OmVm Ÿ& ( )AmO h_ {g\©$ {XZ Ho$ COmbo _| hr {H«$Ho$Q> Iob gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ( )

IV. A§Va g_Pmo Am¡a {bImo:EH$ AZoH$

(EH$dMZ) (~hþdMZ)O¡go : IV IV|

1. Oo~2. {H$Vm~3. AI~ma4. XÿH$mZ5. nwñVH$

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V. {dbmo_ AW©dmbo eãX MwZH$a {bImo :(Jm±d, H$_, ~oMZm, grYm, Ag_W©, JbV, XþI)1. ~hþV x

2. g_W© x

3. eha x

4. Iwer x

5. IarXZm x

6. CëQ>m x

5. R>rH$ x

VI. dmŠ` nyU© H$amo:1. hmoar EH$ AZn‹T> Wm&2. EH$ {XZ hmoar Zo H$mo XoIm&3. g~Ho$ g~ nhZVo Am¡a {H$Vm~ n‹T>Vo&4. o g^r EoZH$ h¢&5. XyyH$mZXma Zo go hmoar H$s Amoa XoIm&

nmR> go AmJo -~yPmo Am¡a ~Šgo _| CgH$m {MÌ ~ZmAmo :"M‹T>>o ZmH$ na nH$‹S>o H$mZ', ~mobmo ~mobmo Š`m h¡ Zm_ ?

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nmR>10

X`mdmZ {gÕmW©

Ame` : qhgm Ho$ ~Xbo Aqhgm H$mo loð> {gÕ H$aZm& _mZdr` JwUm| H$s ñWmnZmH$aZm&

(g§Ü`m H$m g_`, amOHw$_ma {gÕmW© amO_hb Ho$ gm_Zo ~JrMo _| Q>hb ahm h¡Ÿ&AMmZH$ CgHo$ gm_Zo EH$ h§g njr Km`b hmoH$a Am {JaVm h¡Ÿ& {gÕmW© Cgo CR>mboVm h¡Ÿ&)

{gÕmW© - Amoh ! Bg njr H$mo {H$gr Zo _mam h¡; IyZ ~h ahm h¡Ÿ& _¢ BgH$sajm H$ê±$JmŸ&

(njr H$mo boH$a CgH$m Kmd YmoVm h¡Ÿ& Cgo nmZr {nbmVm h¡Ÿ& BVZo _| CgH$m MMoam^mB© XodXÎm dhm± AmVm h¡Ÿ& dh Jwñgo _| h¡Ÿ& hmW _| Vra-H$_mZ h¢Ÿ&)

XodXÎm - (amOHw$_ma go) Amoh ! _oam {eH$ma Vwåhmao nmg h¡Ÿ& _¢ {H$VZr Xoago Ty>§°‹T>> ahm hÿ±Ÿ&

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{gÕmW© - XodXÎm ! Š`m Vw_Zo Bgo _mam h¡?

XodXÎm - hm±! _¢ Zo hr Bgo Vra go _ma {Jam`m h¡Ÿ&

{gÕmW© - ^mB©, Vw_Zo AÀN>m Zht {H$`mŸ& {ZanamY Ord H$mo _maZm Y_©ZhtŸ& g~ Ordm| na X`m H$aZm _Zwî` Y_© h¡Ÿ&

XodXÎm - XoImo mB©, _¢ X`m-Y_© Am{X Zht gmoMVmŸ& h njr _oam {eH$mah¡Ÿ& Bgo _wPo Xo XmoŸ& (XodXÎm h§g H$mo N>rZ boZo hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡Ÿ& h§g `go H$m§°nVo hþE amOHw$_ma H$s JmoX _| Xw~H$ OmVm h¡Ÿ&)

{gÕmW© - (h§g Ho$ eara na ß`ma go hmW \o$aVo hþE) XoImo XodXÎm ! VwåhmamH$hZm R>rH$ h¡Ÿ& Vw_Zo Bg h§g H$mo _mam h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z _¢ Zo VmoBgH$s OmZ ~Mm`r h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE `h h§g _oam h¡Ÿ&

XodXÎm - (H«$moY àH$Q> H$aVo hþE) Zht, `h _oam hr h¡Ÿ& _¢ Bgo boH$a hrahÿ±JmŸ& (h§g H$mo boZo AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& {gÕmW© nrN>o hQ>Vm h¡Ÿ&)

{gÕmW© - _¢ Bgo Vwåho§ Zht Xy±JmŸ&

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XodXÎm - V~ _¢ _hmamO go {eH$m`V H$ê±$JmŸ&

{gÕmW© - R>rH$ h¡ Mbmo, CÝht go nyN>Vo h¢ {H$ h§g na {H$gH$m hH$ h¡Ÿ& (BVZo_| _hmamO Am¡a _§Ìr ~mV| H$aVo hþE dhm± AmVo h¢Ÿ& ~ÀMm| H$mo XoIH$anyN>Vo h¢Ÿ&)

_hmamO - Š`m ~mV h¡ ~ÀMmo ? `hm± Š`m H$a aho hmo ?

_§Ìr - _hmamO, bJVm h¡ {H$ XmoZm| _| H$moB© PJ‹S>m Mb ahm h¡Ÿ&

_hmamO - Š`m| XodXÎm ? PJ‹S>o H$m Š`m H$maU h¡ ?

{gÕmW© - PJ‹S>m Zht h¡, _hmamO ..............

_hmamO - XodXÎm, Vw_ ~mobmo Š`m ~mV h¡ ?XodXÎm - _hmamO, amOHw$_ma _oam {eH$ma Zht Xo aho h¢Ÿ& _¢Zo CgH$mo Vra

go _ma {Jam`m h¡Ÿ&_hmamO - {gÕmW©, Š`m `h gM h¡ ?{gÕmW© - hm± _hmamO, `h h§g Km`b hmoH$a V‹S>n ahm WmŸ& _¢Zo CR>mH$a

BgH$m Kmd Ymo m Am¡a nmZr {nbm`mŸ& A~ h§g _oam h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$_¢Zo BgH$s OmZ ~Mm`r h¡Ÿ&

_hmamO - amOHw$_ma, Š`m Vw_ _mZVo hmo {H$ XodXÎm Zo h§g H$m {eH$ma {H$`mh¡?

{gÕmW© - Or hm±, _mZVm hÿ±Ÿ&_hmamO - V~ Vmo `h {eH$ma XodXÎm H$mo {_bZm Mm{hEŸ&_§Ìr - Zht _hmamO ! Bg ~mV H$m {ZU©` ñd`§ h§g hr H$aoJmŸ&_hmamO - dh H¡$go?

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_§Ìr - Eogo ! ({gÕmW© Ho$ hmW go h§g H$mo AnZo hmW _| boH$a) XoImo, _¢ BgoZrMo N>mo‹S>Vm hÿ±Ÿ& Vw_ XmoZm| Cgo ~wbmAmoŸ& {OgHo$ nmg AmEJm,h§g CgH$m hmoJmŸ&(XmoZm| Hw$_ma _mZVo h¢Ÿ&)

_hmamO - XodXÎm, OmAmo, Vw_ h§g H$mo ~wbmAmo, AJa dh Vwåhmar Vaµ\$Am`m Vmo h§g µOê$a Vwåhmam hmoJmŸ&

(`h gwZH$a XodXÎm hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z h§g S>aH$a nrN>o hQ>Vo-hQ>VoEH$X_ {gÕmW© H$s Va\$ VoµOr go$ MbZo bJVm h¡Ÿ& Cgr g_` {gÕmW©hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡Ÿ& h§g H$mo AnZr JmoX _| boVm h¡Ÿ&)

_§Ìr - PJ‹S>m gwbP J`m & h§g H$mo XodXÎm Zo _mam WmŸ& bo{H$Z {gÕmW©Zo ~Mm`m WmŸ& Bg{bE h§g CgHo$ nmg J`mŸ&

_hmamO - gM h¡Ÿ& _maZodmbo go ~MmZodmbm ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&(_hmamO Am¡a _§Ìr amO_hb H$s Amoa MbVo h¢Ÿ& XodXÎm Jwñgo _| AmH$a~JrMo go ~mha {ZH$bVm h¡, {gÕmW© h§g H$s nrR> na hmW \o$aVoo hþE~JrMo _| Q>hbZo bJVm h¡Ÿ&)

****OmZmo :V‹S>nZm - AË §V Xw…Ir hmoZm, ~mU - Vra, ea; Jwñgm - H«$moY, PJ‹S>m -b‹S>mB©, Y_© - H$V©ì`, ~JrMm - N>moQ>m ~mJ &

Aä`mgI. EH$ go Á`mXm - n‹T>>mo Am¡a {bImo :

~ÀMm - ~ÀMoPJ‹S>>m - PJ‹S>o

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~mV - ~mV|

VmoVm - VmoVo

Hw$Îmm - Hw$Îmo

II. Imbr OJh _| Š`m AmEJm ?(h§g, X`m H$aZm, _maZm, ~MmZodmbm)

1) g~ Ordm| na _Zwî` Y_© h¡Ÿ&

2) _maZodmbo go ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

3) {ZanamY Ord H$mo Y_© ZhtŸ&

4) A~ _oam h¡Ÿ&

III. gmoMmo Am¡a {bImo :

1) {gÕmW© H$m¡Z Wm ?

2) XodXÎm H$m¡Z Wm?

3) {gÕmW© Zo {H$g H$mo nmZr {nbm`m?

4) Jwñgo _| H$m¡Z Wm ?

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5) {H$gZo h§g H$s OmZ ~Mm`r?

6) {eH$m`V {H$gZo H$s?

7) h§g H$mo {H$gZo _mam Wm?

8) h§g {H$gHo$ nmg J`m? Š`m|?

IV. n‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo:

O¡go : {JaZm - {JamZm O¡go : WH$Zm - WH$mdQ>1) CR>Zm - ~ZZm -2) ~‹T>Zm - éH$Zm -3) hQ>Zm - {bIZm -4) ~MZm -5) H$aZm -

V. dmŠ`m| H$m H«$_ nhMmZH$a CZH$s H«$_ g§»`m {bImo:1) g§Ü`m H$m g_` h¡&

2) h§g njr {gÕmW© H$s JmoX _| OmVm h¡&

3) XodXÎm H$hVm h¡ {H$ njr na CgH$m hH$ h¡&

4) h§g njr Km`b hmoH$a Am {JaVm h¡&

1

2

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5) BgH$m {ZU©` ñd`§ h§g njr hr H$aVm h¡&

6) {gX²YmW© CgHo$ Kmd YmoH$a nmZr {nbmVm h¡&

7) XodXÎm h§g njr H$m {eH$mar h¡&

8) _maZodmbo go ~MmZodmbm ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡&

VI. g_Pmo Am¡a {bImo:

O¡go : njr - {M{‹S>`m

1) IyZ - 2) nmZr -3) Jwñgm - 4) Vra -5) H$_mZ - 6) àmUr -7) Va\$ -

VII.dmŠ` _| à«`moJ H$amo:1) amO_hb 2) MMoam mB© 3) {ZanamY4) {eH$m`V 5) ~JrMm

nmR> go AmJo-* amOHw$_ma {gX²YmW© Zo h§g njr H$s ajm H$s& g_Pmo Bgr àH$ma

Vwåhmao Ka Ho$ nmg H$moB© Hw$Îmm Km`b hmo J`m h¡& Vw_ CgH$s ghm`VmH¡$go H$amoJo? VrZ dmŠ` ~VmAmo&

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nmR>11

Ame` : C{_©bm Ho$ gmhgr JwU H$m n[aM` H$amZm& ~ÀMm| _| C{_©bm O¡go ~ZZoH$s bbH$ n¡Xm H$aZm&

~mJbH$moQ> {Obo Ho$ Amb_Q²>Q>r Jm±d _| ñH$mCQ>-JmB©S> H$m {e{~a bJmhþAm WmŸ& {e{~a _| amÁ` Ho$ H$B© mJm| go AmE N>mÌ - N>mÌmAm| H$mo à{ejU{X`m Om ahm WmŸ&

em_ H$mo gmao ñH$mCQ> d JmB©S> gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©H«$_ Ho$ {bE BH$Q²>R>o hþEŸ&V^r AÜ`m{nH$m EH$ ~m{bH$m H$mo AnZo gmW boH$a AmBªŸ& g~H$s Am±I| Cgna {Q>H$s WtŸ&

AÜ`m{nH$m Zo g~ N>mÌm| H$mo XoIH$a H$hm - "~ÀMmo, `h h¡ C{_©bmŸ&

gmhgr C{_©bm

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~‹S>r gmhgr, ~hmXwa Am¡a hmo{e`maŸ& BgZo AnZo gmhg go AnZr ghobr H$sOmZ ~MmB©Ÿ&

EH$ JmB©S> Zo CR>H$a nyN>m - Q>rMa Or, CÝhm|Zo `h gmhg H¡$go {H$`m,h_| ^r ~VmBEŸ!

AÜ`m{nH$m Zo H$hm {H$ g~ Bg KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mao _| C{_©bm go hr gwZ|Ÿ&

C{_©bm I‹S>>r hmoH$a H$hZo bJr - "_wPo AmO ^r `mX h¡Ÿ& h_ g~{e{~amWu Cg {XZ N>moQ>r-gr nhm‹S>r na ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go M‹T> aho WoŸ& AMmZH$_oar ghobr g{dVm {\$gbH$a {Ja n‹S>rŸ& nhm‹S>r H$s VbhQ>r _| EH$ Zha ~hahr WrŸ& g{dVm Zha _| Om {JarŸ& Cgo V¡aZm Zhr§ AmVm Wm, D$na go nmZr H$m~hmd VoµO WmŸ& dh Sy>~ ahr Wr Am¡a ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE hmW ~‹T>m ahr WrŸ& g~K~amH$a XoIZo bJoŸ& Cgr jU _¢ ^r {\$gbVo hþE Zha _| Hy$XrŸ&

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VoµO aµµâVma go ~hVo hþE nmZr _| V¡aZm Am¡a g{dVm H$mo nH$‹‹S>ZmH${R>Z bJ ahm WmŸ& EH$ nb Ho$ {bE Vmo bJm {H$ _¢ IwX Sy>~ ahr hÿ±Ÿ& na_¢Zo gmhg ~Q>moam Am¡a g{dVm H$s Amoa AnZm hmW ~‹T>m`mŸ& g{dVm H$moItMH$a _¢ VQ> na bo AmB©Ÿ& CgZo ~hþV nmZr nr {b`m Wm Am¡a ~ohmoe hmo JB©WrŸ& _¢ ^r WH$H$a Mya hmo JB© WrŸ& V~ VH$ h_mao AÜ`mnH$ Am¡a {_Ì ^rdhm± Am nhþ±MoŸ&

g~go nhbo AÜ`m{nH$m Zo g{dVm H$mo noQ> Ho$ ~b na {bQ>mH$a CgHo$ noQ>_| ^ao nmZr H$mo {ZH$mbmŸ& Wmo‹S>r hr Xoa _| Cgo hmoe Am`mŸ& g~Zo h_ XmoZm|H$mo {e{~a VH$ nhþ±Mm`mŸ&'

C{_©bm Zo O¡go hr h gmar KQ>Zm H$h gwZmB©, Mmam| Amoa go Vm{b`m| H$sAmdmµO Jy±O CR>rŸ&

{\$a AÜ`m{nH$m Zo H$hm - C{_©bm Ho$ Bg gmhg Ho$ {bE Cgo amï´>r`draVm nwañH$ma Ho$ {bE Zm_m§{H$V {H$`m J`mŸ& 26 OZdar Ho$ {XZ {Xëbr _|hmoZodmbo JUV§Ì {Xdg g_mamoh _| Cgo amï´>n{V Ho$ hmWm| h nwañH$ma {_bmŸ&h_mao {bE CgH$m hm± AmZm Jd© H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& gmam {e{~a A~ Vm{b`m| H$sÜd{Z _| Sy>~ J`m WmŸ&

****g_Pmo :

{e{~amWu - {e{~a _| ahZodmbo, jU - nb, aµµâVma- J{V,~Q>moaZm- BH$Æ>m H$aZm, VbhQ>r - ZrMo&

Aä`mgI. nmR> go Ty>±‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo :

1. ñH$mCQ> Am¡a JmB©S>> H$m {e{~a H$hm± bJm hþAm Wm ?

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2. AÜ`m{nH$m AnZo gmW {H$go boH$a AmBª ?

3. C{_©bm H$s ghobr H$hm± {Jar ?

4. C{_©bm H¡$gr ~m{bH$m Wr?

5. C{_©bm Zo Cgo H¡$go ~Mm`m ?

6. C{_©bm H$mo H$m¡Z-gm nwañH$ma {_bm ?

II. BZ eãXm| H$s b‹S>r ~ZmAmo :

~m {b H$mH$m J O

O

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III. 26 OZdar H$mo JUV§Ì {Xdg _Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& h_mao Xoe _| _ZmEOmZodmbo AÝ` amï´>r` Ë`mohmam| Ho$ Zm_ CÝh| _ZmZodmbo {XZm| Ho$gmW Omo‹S>mo :1. ~mb{Xdg 5 {gV§~a2. ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg 14 Zd§~a3. {ejH$ {Xdg 2 AŠVy~a

4. Jm§Yr O §Vr 15 AJñV

IV. ghr eãX MwZH$a {bImo :

1. g{dVm H$mo Xoa _| hmoe Am`mŸ& (Wmo‹S>m/Wmo‹S>r)

2. VoµO aµµâVma _| ~hVo hþE nmZr _| V¡aZm H${R>Z bJ WmŸ&(ahm/ahr)

3. C{_©bm Zo KQ>Zm H$h gwZmB©Ÿ& (gmar/gmam)

V. C{_©bm Ho$ gmhg H$mo XoIH$a bmoJ Cgo gmhgr H$hVo WoŸ& ZrMo {XEJE JwUm|dmbo ì`pŠV`m| H$mo Š`m H$hVo h¢ ?

1. _ohZV -

2. CËgmh -

3. A{^_mZ -

4. K_§S> -

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VI. {dbmo_ eãX {bImo :O¡go : MVwa x _yI©1. {_Ì x

2. àgÞ x

3. x Xÿa4. x XþO©Z

nmR> go AmJo-Vwåhmao ñHy$b _| H$moB© gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m`©H«$_ MbVm hmoJm:

gm_y{hH$ Z¥Ë`

JmZm ZmQ>H$$H${dVm dmMZ

EH$nmÌm{^Z`

BZ_| go Vw_ {H$g_| mJ boZm MmhVo hmo? ~VmAmo&Bgr àH$ma Vwåhmar AÝ` à{V^mAm| H$s gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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nmR>12

`h Xoe h_mam- S>m°. nadrZ ~mZy \$méH$s

Ame` : ~ÀMm| _| Xoe^{ŠV H$s ^mdZm ^aZm& Xoedm{g`m| _| gË` Ho$ _mJ© naMbZo H$s Amg OJmZm&

`h Xoe h_mam eyam| H$m,`h Xoe h_mam dram| H$mŸ&

`ht hþAm h¡, OÝ_ ~mny H$m,`ht hþAm h¡, OÝ_ ^JV H$mŸ&gw§Xa gnZm Wm BZ g~H$m,CÁÁdb hmo {dî` maV H$mŸ&&

Š`m-Š`m {gIm JE do kmZr,yb JE h_ CZH$s ~mZrŸ&

gË` _mJ© go ^Q>H$ JE h_,amJ AmJ _| ~Xb {XE h_Ÿ&&

A~ Vmo ybmo oX-^md H$mo,A~ Vmo N>mo‹S>mo X²>dof-Šboe H$moŸ&Km`b Z H$amo AnZo Xoe H$mo,g_PmAmo Bg {µOX²>Xr _Z H$moŸ&&

H${dVm-gmaH$d{`Ìr H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ h_mam Xoe dram| H$m Am¡a eyam| H$m h¡Ÿ& ht

~mnyOr Am¡a JVqgh Or H$m OÝ_ hþAm WmŸ& CÝhm|Zo maV Ho$ CÁÁdb^{dî` H$m gnZm XoIm WmŸ&CÝhm|Zo gË` Am¡a ào_ H$m nmR> {gIm`m Wm na§Vw AmO h_ BZH$mo yb ~¡R>o

h¢Ÿ& AnZo _Z H$mo h_ g_Pm | Am¡a Amngr ^mB©-Mmao go AnZo Xoe H$mogwa{jV ~Zm |&

OmZmo :

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OmZmo :~mny - _hmË_m Jm§YrOr, JV - JV qgh, BÝhm|Zo Xoe Ho$ {bE AnZrOmZ Xr; ~mZr - dmUr, ~mV|; ^Q>H$ JE - (R>rH$) amñVo go Xya J o,amJ - ào_, AmJ - (`hm±) Ûof&

Aä`mgI. H${dVm n>‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo :

1) h_mam Xoe H¡$go bmoJm| H$m h¡ ?

2) h_mao Xoe _| OÝ_o Xmo ì`{ŠV`m| Ho$ Zm_ H${dVm _| {X o J o h¢Ÿ& CZHo$Zm_ {bImoŸ&

3) CZH$m Š`m gnZm Wm ?

4) h_ AmO {H$g amñVo go Q>H$ J`o h¢ ?

5) h_| Š`m ybZm h¡ ? Am¡a Š`m N>mo‹S>Zm h¡ ?

6) h_Zo {H$gH$mo AmJ _| ~Xbm h¡ ?

II. ghr eãX MwZH$a dmŠ` nyU© H$amo:(~hþ, g_¥X²Y, Z{X`m±, H$ÞS>, maV, H$Zm©Q>H$)1) _¢ dmgr h±ÿ&

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2) _oam amÁ` h¡&

3) _oar àm§Vr` ^mfm h¡&

4) _oam amÁ` ^mfr amÁ` h¡&

5) `hm± AZoH$ ~hVr h¢&

6) h_mam Xoe h¡&

III. BZ n§{ŠV`m| H$m Ame` ñnï> H$amo:

A~ Vmo ybmo oX-^md H$mo,

A~ Vmo N>mo‹S>mo X²dof-Šboe H$mo&

Km`b Z H$amo AnZo Xoe H$mo,

g_PmAmo Bg {µOX²Xr _Z H$mo&&

IV. BZ eãXm| Ho$ g_mZmW©H$ eãX H${dVm _| go T>±y‹T>H$a {bImo:

1) Iy~gyaV -

2) àH$me_mZ -

3) ~mV -

4) gÀMm _mJ© -

5) ào_ -

6) hR>r -

V. Bg H${dVm H$mo H§$R>ñW H$amo&

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VI. ^maV Xoe _| AZoH$ ^mfmE± ~mobr OmVr h¢& "qh§Xr' h_mar amï´>^mfmh¡& A~ ~VmAmo -

1) H$Zm©Q>H$ H$s àm§Vr` mfm h¡

2) _hmamï´> H$s àm§Vr` ^mfm h¡

3) JwOamV H$s àm§Vr` ^mfm h¡

4) CÎmaàXoe H$s àm§Vr` ^mfm h¡

H${dVm go AmJo-* H$^r Vw_Zo H$moB© gnZm XoIm h¡? AnZo XmoñVm| H$mo dh gnZm gwZmAmo&* Ka _| Vw_Zo {H$gr ~mV Ho$ {bE {µOX²X H$s h¡? H$jm _| ~VmAmo {H$ dh

{µOX²X {H$g{bE Wr? CgHo$ ~Xbo _| Vwåh| Š`m {_bm?

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nmR>13

gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob

Ame` : ^maV Ho$ _hmZ {d^y{V`m| H$s OmZH$mar XoZm& ~ÀMm| _| g§JR>Z MmVw`© H$m{dH$mg H$aZm&

gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob ^maV Ho$ ""bm¡h nwéf'' Ho$Zm_ go OmZo OmVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$m OÝ_ 31 AŠQy>~a 1875 H$moZ§{X`m‹S> (JwOamV) _| hþAm WmŸ& _¡{Q´>H$ H$s narjm _|CÎmrU© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo dH$mbV H$s narjm nmg H$abrŸ& BgHo$ ~mX JmoYam _| dH$mbV H$m H$m © H$aZo bJoŸ&

H${R>ZmB`m± CÝho§ PwH$m Zht gH$Vr Wt, ` CÝh| S>amZht gH$Vm WmŸ& O~ do ~mbH$ Wo V~ ^r CZ_| `hr {Z^r©H$Vm WrŸ& CZHo$~MnZ H$s EH$ KQ>Zm h¡ - CZH$s H$m±I _| EH$ µµ\$mo‹S>m hþAm WmŸ& EH$ J±dmad¡Ú Zo Xdm ~VmB©-"bmohm J_© H$aHo$ µµ\$mo‹S>o _| ^m|H$ XmoŸ&' ~mbH$ dëb^^mB©PQ> V¡`maŸ& bmohm J_© hþAmŸ& ^m|H$Zodmbo Zo Cgo AnZo hmW _| {b`m, naCgH$m {Xb Bg H$mo_b ~mbH$ H$mo XoIH$a H$m±n J`mŸ& dh {hM{H$MmZo bJmŸ&~mbH$ Pw§Pbm CR>m, ""Š`m XoI ahm h¡ mB©? bmohm R>§S>m hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& bo VwPgoZht ~ZVm, Vmo _¢ ^m|H$ by±Ÿ&'' ^m|H$Zodmbm X§J ah J`mŸ&

gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmobZ _| H$B© ~ma Oob JEŸ& gZ²>1931 _| H$amMr H$m±J«og A{YdoeZ H$s CÝhm|Zo AÜ`jVm H$sŸ& ñdV§ÌVmAm§XmobZ _| CÝhm|Zo ~‹T>-M‹T> H$a mJ {b`mŸ& dëb^^mB© EH$ Hw$eb g§JR>ZH$Îmm©^r WoŸ& AmµOmXr Ho$ ~mX 556 N>moQ>r - N>moQ>r [a`mgVm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo maV Xoe_| em{_b H$adm`mŸ& gZ²> 1947 go gZ²> 1950 VH$ do maV Ho$ Cn àYmZ_§ÌrAm¡a J¥h_§Ìr r ahoŸ& gaXma dëb^^mB© µÁ`mXm ~mobVo Zht WoŸ& do ~mobVo H$_Wo, H$aVo A{YH$ WoŸ& do JaOZo dmbo _oK Zht, ~agZodmbo _oK WoŸ& CZH$s_wI_wÐm go CZH$s Am§V[aH$ e{ŠV H$m nVm MbVm WmŸ&

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gaXma dëb^^mB© EH$ `moÕm, EH$ g\$b goZmZr Am¡a EH$ {gnhgmbmaWoŸ& 15 {Xg§~a 1950 H$mo CZH$m Xohm§V hmo J`mŸ& _aUmonam§V CÝh| maV-aËZH$s Cnm{Y go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`mŸ&

****OmZmo :

bm¡h nwéf - bmoho O¡gm nwéf AWm©V²> Ñ‹T> BÀN>m e{ŠVdmbm ì`{ŠV,{Z^uH$Vm - {ZS>aVm, ^`hrZ; H$m±I - ~mhþ_yb Ho$ ZrMo H$m JS²>‹T>m,~Jb ; µ\$mo‹S>m - eara H$m _dmX wŠV Kmd, m|H$Zm - Y§gmZm, {hM{H$MmZm- H$moB© H$m_ H$aZo go nhbo Ame§H$m Ho$ H$maU Hw$N> éH$Zm, Pw§PbmZm - H«w$Õ Ed§ ì`{WV hmoH$a ~mobZm, X§J - AmíM © _| n‹S>m hþAm,hŠH$m - ~ŠH$m; ~agZm - S>m±Q>Zm-S>nQ>Zm, JaOZm - J§ ra Ed§ Vrd«Üd{Z H$aZm, {MëbmZm; {gnhgmbma - goZmn{V, _aUmonam§V - _aZo Ho$~mX&

Aä`mgI. n‹T>mo Am¡a ~mobmo :

dëb^^mB© H$m±I H$m±nZmbm¡h nwéf Pm|H$Zm V‹S>nZm_wI_wÐm ^m|H$Zodmbm Omo{I_[a`mgV Hw$eb à{V{Z{Yì`mHw$b {Z_§ÌU

II. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX ~ZmAmo :gwYmagwYmagwYmagwYmagwYma ----- gwYmaH$gwYmaH$gwYmaH$gwYmaH$gwYmaH$

1. àMma - 2. {dMma -3. CÕma - 4. narjm -

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III. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma H$moð>H$ _| go eãX MwZH$a dmŠ` nyam H$amoŸ:Z_yZm :Z_yZm :Z_yZm :Z_yZm :Z_yZm : _mohZ Hw$gu na h¡Ÿ& (~¡R>m)

_mohZ Hw$gu na ~¡R>m h¡Ÿ&(~¡R>m, ~¡R>o, I‹S>o, boQ>o, I‹S>r)

1) A{_V Or {~ñVa na h¢Ÿ&2) ~§Xa N>V na h¡Ÿ&3) _mVmOr H$m°a Ho$ nmg h¢Ÿ&4) Vw_ `hm± Š`m| hmo ?5) Hw$N> ~ÀMo ^r dhm± h¢Ÿ&

IV. àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {bImo :1) gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob {H$g Zm_ go OmZo OmVo h¢ ?

2) J±dma d¡Ú Zo µ\$mo‹S>o Ho$ BbmO Ho$ {bE Š`m Xdm ~VmB© ?

3) gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob Zo dH$mbV H$m H$m`© H$hm± go ewê$ {H$`m ?

4) AmµOmXr Ho$ ~mX dëb^^mB© nQ>ob Zo {H$g nX na H$m`© {H$`m ?

5) {H$VZr [a`mgVm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo ^maV _| em{_b H$adm`m?

6) CÝh| {H$g Cnm{Y go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m ?

7) gaXma dëb^^mB© Or H$m OÝ_ H$~ Am¡a H$hm± hþAm ?

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V. [aŠV ñWmZ ^amo :1) gZ²> 1931 _| H$amMr H$m±J«og A{YdoeZ H$s CÝhm|Zo H$sŸ&2) do ~mobVo H$_ Wo, H$aVo WoŸ&3) gaXma dëb^^mB© EH$ moÕm, EH$ g\$b goZmZr Am¡a EH$ WoŸ&4) bmohm J_© H$aHo$ µµ\$mo‹S>o _| XmoŸ&5) H$mo CZH$m Xohm§V hmo J`mŸ&

VI. ZrMo {bIo eãXm| H$m dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$amo :1) narjm Ÿ&2) ~MnZ &3) ñdV§ÌVm Ÿ&4) d¡Ú &5) bmohm Ÿ&6) _oK Ÿ&

VII. aoIm ItMH$a {_bmAmo :1) gaXma dëb^^mB© nQ>ob ~agZm2) JmoYam d¡Ú3) H$m±I dH$mbV4) J±dma bm¡h nwéf5) bmohm µ\$mo‹S>m6) JaOZm J_©

nmR> go AmJo-* AnZo Xoe Ho$ {bE Vw_ Š`m H$aZm MmhmoJo-Mma dmŠ` {bImo&

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nmR>14 {Ibm¡Zo

Ame` : ñWmZr` H$bm H$m n[aM` H$ZmZm &

A{Zb AnZo {nVmOr Ho$ gmW ~|Jbyégo _¡gyé ~g go Om ahm WmŸ& CgZo {I‹S>>H$sHo$ nmgdmbr grQ> na ~¡R>Zo H$s {µOX H$s,Cgo ~mha Ho$ gmao Ñí` Omo XoIZo Wo !{nVmOr Zo {I‹S>>H$s Ho$ ~mha hmW-{ga ZS>mbZo H$s {hXm`V XoH$a Cgo {I‹S>H$s Ho$nmg ~¡R>Zo {X`mŸ&

~g AmJo ~‹T>rŸ& A{Zb H$mo {~Obr Ho$Iå~o, no‹S>-nm¡Yo Xm¡‹S>>Vo {XI aho WoŸ& ~mha Ho$ Ñí` XoIVo-XoIVo H$~ CgH$s Am±IbJ JB©, Cgo nVm hr Z MbmŸ&

AMmZH$ O~ H$§S>ŠQ>a Zo µOmoa go H$hm- "MÞnQ²>Q>Um _| CVaZodmboCV[aE, ~g `hm± Xg {_ZQ> Ho$ {bE éH$Zodmbr h¡' Vmo A{Zb H$s ZtX IwbJB©Ÿ& dh Am±I| _bVo hþE CR>mŸ& {nVmOr Mm` nrZo Ho$ {bE CVa aho Wo, dh^r CZHo$ gmW CVamŸ&

dhm± H$mR> Ho$ {Ibm¡Zm| H$s H$B© XwH$mZ|Wt {OZ_| H$B© gw §Xa {Ibm¡Zo WoŸ&A{Zb {Ibm¡Zo IarXZo Ho$ {bE _MbCR>mŸ& CgZo {nVmOr go {Ibm¡Zm |H$s _m±J H$sŸ& {nVmOr Zo Cgo ~§Xa Am¡a~¡bJm‹S>>r {XbmB©Ÿ& ~g Ho$ MmbH$ Zo µOmoa

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go m|ny (hmZ©) ~Om`r Vmo o XmoZm| ~g H$s Amoa bnHo$Ÿ& BZHo$ M‹T>Vo hr ~g{ZH$b n‹S>rŸ&

A~ A{Zb H$m gmam Ü`mZ AnZo {Ibm¡Zm| na WmŸ& CgHo$ _Z _| H$B©gdmb CR> aho WoŸ& CgZo nyN>m- {nVmOr ò gw§Xa {Ibm¡Zo H$m¡Z ~ZmVm h¡ ?

{nVmOr ~mobo - ~oQ>m, ò {Ibm¡Zo Bg MÞnQ²>Q>Um eha _| hr ~ZVo h¢Ÿ&`hm± bJ^J N>… hµOma bmoJ {Ibm¡Zo ~ZmZo H$m hr H$m_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& H$ar~ T>mB©gm¡ gmb nhbo Q>rny gwëVmZ Zo n{e©©`m Xoe go H$marJam| H$mo ~wbm`m Am¡añWmZr` bmoJm| H$mo `h hþZa {gImZo H$s ì`dñWm H$s WrŸ&

A{Zb - na ~ZmVo H¡$go h¢ ? `h Vmo ~VmBEŸ!{nVmOr _wñHw$amVo hþE ~mobo - Aao ~m~m ! g~ ~VmVm hÿ±Ÿ& ò {Ibm¡¡Zo

M§XZ, ere_, gmJdmZ Am{X bH${‹S>>`m| go ~ZmE OmVo h¢Ÿ& {Ibm¡Zo ~ZmZo H$mH$m_ H$ar~ N>… MaUm| _| {H$`m OmVm h¡ - bH$‹S>r _wh¡`m H$amZm, CgogwImH$a nw»Vm ~ZmZm, dm§{N>V AmH$mam| _| H$mQ>Zm, {Ibm¡Zo J‹T>Zm, a§JZmAm¡a M_H$mZmŸ& BZ {Ibm¡Zm| H$s EH$ Am¡a {deofVm `h h¡ {H$ BZHo$ a§JàmH¥${VH$ h¢ {Oggo ~ÀMm| H$mo hm{Z Zht hmoVrŸ&

A{Zb - h Vmo ~‹S>r _ohZV H$m H$m_ h¡Ÿ& na {nVmOr, Š`m o {Ibm¡ZoIarXZo Ho$ {bE h_| ha ~ma MÞnQ²>Q>Um AmZm n‹S>>oJm ?

{nVmOr - Zht ~oQ>m, ò {Ibm¡Zo Vmo AmOH$b ha OJh {_bVo h¢Ÿ& `hm±VH$ {H$ {dXoem| _| ^r BZH$s ~‹S>r _m±J h¡Ÿ&

A{Zb Am¡a {nVmOr o g~ ~mV| H$a aho Wo {H$ ~g _¡gyé Ho$ ~g AÈ>o nanhþ±M J`rŸ& do XmoZm| CVaoŸ& A{Zb AnZo XmoñVm| H$mo {Ibm¡Zo {XImZo Ho$ {bEAm¡a MÞnQ²>Q>Um Ho$ ~mao _| ~VmZo Ho$ {bE CVmdbm hmo ahm WmŸ&

****OmZmo :

{µOX - hR>, {hXm`V - {ZX}e, Am±I bJZm- ZtX AmZm, _wh¡ m H$amZm- CnbãY H$amZm, nw»Vm ~ZmZm - H$‹S>m AWdm g»V ~ZmZm, hþZa - H$m¡eb,dm§{N>V - BÀN>m Ho$ AZwgmaŸ&

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Aä`mgI. nmR> go Ty>°§‹T>mo :

1) A{Zb AnZo {nVm Ho$ gmW H$hm± Om ahm Wm ?

2) dh {I‹S>H$s Ho$ nmgdmbr grQ> na Š`m| ~¡R>Zm MmhVm Wm ?

3) ~g Mm` Ho$ {bE H$hm± éH$s ?

4) A{Zb Zo {nVmOr go {H$gH$s _m±J H$s ?

5) {nVmOr Zo Cgo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-go {Ibm¡Zo {XbmE ?

II. A{Zb AnZo {_Ìm| Ho$ gmW {Ibm¡Zo ~Zm ahm WmŸ& na dh MaUm| H$mH«$_ ^yb J`mŸ& R>rH$ H«$_ Ho$ AZwH«$_m§H$ H$moð>H$ _o§ {bIH$a CgH$sghm`Vm H$amoŸ:1. bH$‹S>>r gwImH$a nw»Vm ~ZmZm [ ]

2. a§JZm [ ]

3. bH$‹S>r _wh¡ m H$amZm [ ]

4. M_H$mZm [ ]

5. {Ibm¡Zo J‹T>Zm [ ]

6. dm§{N>V AmH$mam| _| H$mQ>Zm [ ]

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III. CXmhaU g_Pmo Am¡a {bImo :EH$ (EH$dMZ) AZoH$ (~hþdMZ)1. {Ibm¡Zm {Ibm¡Zo2. {I‹S>H$r3. bH$‹S>r4. ~ÀMm5. ~mV6. XwH$mZ

IV. aoIm§{H$V eãXm| Ho$ {dbmo_mW©H$ H$m à`moJ H$aVo hþE dmŠ` {bImo:O¡go - A{Zb ~g go Om ahm Wm&

A{Zb ~g go Am ahm Wm&1. Cgo ~mha Ho$ gmao Ñí` XoIZo Wo&

2. dh Am±I| _bVo hþE CR>m&

3. H§$S>ŠQ>a Zo Omoa go H$hm&

4. MÝZnQ²>Q>Um _| CVaZodmbo CV[aE&

5. A{Zb {Ibm¡Zo IarXZm Mmhm&

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V. ewÕ CÀMmaU Ho$ gmW n‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo:

1. ~|Jbyé

2. _¡gyé

3. Ñí`

4. H§$S>ŠQ>a

5. MÞnÅ>Um

6. _m±J

7. ^m|ny

8. n{e© m

9. dm§{N>V

10. àmH¥${VH$

VI. BZ {Ibm¡Zm| Ho$ Zm_ {bImo :

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VII. {Ibm¡Zo ~ZmZo _| `o CnH$aU ghH$mar h¢Ÿ& {MÌm| Ho$ gmW CZHo$Zm_ Omo‹S>mo:

Amar

N>oZr

a§Xm

hWm¡‹S>m

nmR> go AmJo -* Vw_ Ohm± ahVo hmo dhm± H$s ñWmZr` H$bm H$s MMm© AnZo XmoñVm| go H$amo&

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nmR>15

YaVr-~b

Ame` : AmBµOH$ Ý`yQ>Z Ho$ Am{dîH$ma H$m n[aM` H$amZm&

EH$ wdH$ Wm JwUr _hmZAmBµOH$ Ý yQ>Z CgH$m Zm_Ÿ&

~¡R>m Wm dh ~mJ Ho$ ~rMgmoM ahm Wm Hw$N> _mWm ^tMŸ&

AmJo {Jam go~ VËH$mbnH$m hþAm, gw§Xa gm bmbŸ&

CR>H$a CgZo go~ CR>m`m_ZZ {H$`m, {\$a Ü`mZ bJm`mŸ&

Am{Ia go~ {Jam Š`m| ZrMo ?MrµOm| H$mo YaVr Š`m| Ir§Mo ?

CgZo ImoOm, nVm bJm`mŸ&gmar Xw{Z`m H$mo ~Vbm`m Ÿ&

g~ MrµOm| na XoH$a µOmoaYaVr ItMo AnZr AmoaŸ&

`hr µOmoa YaVr-~b OmZmoYaVr H$mo M§w~H$-gm _mZmoŸ&

****

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H${dVm-gmaBg H${dVm _| Cg KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z hþAm h¡ {Oggo _hmZ d¡km{ZH$

AmBµOH$ Ý`yQ>Z Zo YaVr-~b Ho$ ~mao _| A{YH$ Am{dîH$ma {H$`m Am¡a^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ H$mo EH$ ZB© {Xem XrŸ& AmBµOH$ Ý`yQ>Z go~ H$mo YaVr na{JaVo XoIH$a gmoMZo bJo {H$ ha dñVw H$mo YaVr AnZr Amoa Š`m| ItMVrh¡Ÿ& EH$ gm_mÝ` KQ>Zm ^r Ý`yQ>Z H$mo EH$ ZB© ~mV gmoMZo Ho$ {bE ào[aVH$aVr h¡Ÿ&

g_Pmo :VËH$mb - Cgr g_`, YaVr - y{_, Mw§~H$ - bmoho H$s MrµOm| H$mo AnZr

Amoa ItMZodmbr YmVw, _ZZ H$aZm - {dMma H$aZm, gmoMZm&

Aä`mgI. H${dVm go Ty>±‹T>mo Am¡a {bImo :

1. JwUr wdH$ H$m Zm_ Š`m Wm ?

2. CgHo$ gm_Zo {Jam go~ H¡$gm Wm?

3. go~ H$mo {H$gZo ZrMo ItMm Wm ?

4. YaVr-~b Š`m h¡ ?

II. XoImo Vmo BZ_| H$m¡Z-gm eãX Jm`~ h¡ :1. EH$ wdH$ Wm _hmZŸ&

2. CR>H$a CgZo CR>m`mŸ&

3. _ZZ {H$`m {\$a bJm`m Ÿ&

4. YaVr H$mo gm _mZmoŸ&

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^mfm Iob :III. VwH$dmbo eãXm| H$mo Omo‹S>>H$a {bImo:(bmb, ItMo, ^tM, _mZmo, Amoa)

1. ~rM → 2. VËH$mb →3. ZrMo → 4. µOmoa →5. OmZmo →

IV. Š`m Vw_ OmZVo hmo ? d¡km{ZH$ Am{dîH$ma1. AmBµOH$ Ý yQ>Z YaVr-~b2. Wm_g Amëdm E{S>gZ ~ë~3. _¡S>_ Š`yar ao{S>`_4. ga.OJXreM§Ð ~mog noS>-nm¡Ym| _| OmZ h¡

V. AÝ` dMZ eãX {bImo:1. `wdH$ 2._hmZ3. ~mJ 4.godm

VI. BZ n§{ŠV`m| H$mo nyU© H$amo:g~ µOmoa

ItMo &`hr YaVr

_mZmo&

H${dVm go AmJo -* ^maVr` d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {MÌ BŠQ²>R>m H$amo Am¡a EH$ Aë~_ ~ZmAmo&

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nmR>16

VoZmbram_

Ame` : VoZmbram_ H$s Vah MVwa ~ZZo H$s àoaUm XoZm&

VoZmbram_ amOm H¥$îUXodam` H$m Xa~mar WmŸ& dh ~hþV MVwa Am¡a~w{Õ_mZ WmŸ& Bgr H$maU amOm H¥$îUXodam` CgH$m ~hþV gå_mZ d {dídmg{H$`m H$aVo WoŸ& VoZmbram_ H$s MVwamB© H$m Xya-Xya VH$ bmohm _mZm OmVmWmŸ& amOm H¥$îUXodam` Ho$ g_j O~ ^r H$moB© H${R>Z g_ñ`m I‹S>r hmoVr, doVoZmbram_ H$mo ~wbm oOVoŸ& VoZmbram_ r Cg g_ñ`m H$m H$moB© Z H$moB© hbAdí` {ZH$mb boVoŸ&

EH$ ~ma H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& amOm H¥$îUXodam` Zo amÁ` Ho$ Hw$N> ^Ð nwéfm| H$moAnZo _hb _| ^moOZ na Am_§{ÌV {H$`mŸ& AmE hþE A{V{W`m| H$mo gmoZo Ho$~V©Zm| _| ^moOZ H$am`m & ^moOZ H$aVo hþE EH$ A{V{W Zo gmoZo H$m Må_MCR>m`m Am¡a MwnHo$ go AnZr Oo~ _| aI {b`mŸ&

amOm H¥$îUXodam` VWm VoZmbram_ Zo A{V{W H$mo Må_M Oo~ _| aIVo hþEXoI {b`mŸ& amOm H¥$îUXodam` Zo VoZmbram_ H$mo Bemam {H$`mŸ& VoZmbram_ Vwa§Vg_P JE {H$ A{V{W H$m An_mZ {H$E {~Zm hr Må_M {ZH$bdmZm h¡Ÿ&

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O~ g~ bmoJ moOZ H$a MwHo$ Vmo VoZmbram_ AnZo ñWmZ na I‹S>o hmoH$a~mobo, ""gÁOZmo ! A~ Amn g~Ho$ _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ {bE _¢ EH$ OmXy H$m Iob{XImD±$JmŸ& Xo{IE _¢ `h gmoZo H$m Må_M AnZr Oo~ _| aIy±Jm Am¡a AmnbmoJm| _| go {H$gr EH$ H$s Oo~ go {ZH$mby±JmŸ&''

A{V{W`m| Zo Vm{b`m± ~OmBªŸ& VoZmbram_ Zo Må_M AnZr Oo~ _| aImŸ&{\$a CÝhm|Zo Am±I§o ~§X H$s Am¡a _Z-hr-_Z Hw$N> ~w‹S>~w‹S>mZo bJo, O¡go H$moB© _§Ì

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n‹‹T> aho hm|Ÿ& Wmo‹S>r Xoa ~mX CÝhmo§Zo AnZr Am±I| Imobt Am¡a H$hm ""A~ Må_M_oar Oo~ _| go {H$grH$s Oo~ _| Mbm J`m h¡Ÿ& XoIVo h¢ {H$ {H$gH$s Oo~ _|h¡Ÿ&'' BVZm H$hH$a VoZmbram_ ~mar-~mar go àË`oH$ A{V{W Ho$ nmg OmVoAm¡a _Z-hr-_Z Hw$N> ~w‹S>~w‹S>mVoŸ& A§V _| Cg A{V{W Ho$ g_j Om I‹S>o hþE{OgZo Må_M Mwam`m WmŸ& do Hw$N> ~w‹S>~w‹S>mE Am¡a ~mobo, ""{_Ì, _oam OmXy~Vm ahm h¡ {H$ Må_M AmnH$s Oo~ _| h¡Ÿ& H¥$n`m AnZr Oo~ Xo{IEŸ&''A{V{W Ho$ nmg ~MZo H$m H$moB© Cnm` Vmo Wm ZhtŸ& Z MmhVo hþE ^r CgoAnZr Oo~ _| hmW S>mbZm n‹S>mŸ& CgZo Oo~ go Må_M {ZH$mbm Am¡a VoZmbram_H$mo Xo {X`mŸ& g^r A{V{W`m| Zo VoZmbram_ Ho$ OmXyB© M_ËH$ma H$mo XoIH$aVm{b`m± ~OmBªŸ& amOm H¥$îUXodam` VoZmbram_ H$s MVwamB© na ~hþV àgÞhþEŸ& CÝhm|Zo VoZmbram_ H$mo Iy~ gmam BZm_ {X`mŸ&

****OmZmo :Xa~mar - amOm Ho$ Xa~ma (AmO Ho$ _§Ìr _§S>b O¡gm) _| ahZodmbm, MVwamB©- ~w{Õ_Îmm, X« nwéf - loð> bmoJ, gå_m{ZV bmoJ; Iy~ gmam - ~hþV gmam,~w‹S>~w‹S>mZm - Yrao go Añnï> ê$n go Hw$N> ~mobZm&

Aä`mgI. ~VmAmo Am¡a {bImo :

1) VoZmbram_ {H$gHo$ Xa~mar Wo ?

2) amOm H¥$îUXodam` {H$g na {dídmg H$aVo Wo ?

3) H¥$îUXodam` Zo A{V{W`m| H$mo Š`m| Am_§{ÌV {H$`m Wm ?

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4) amOm H¥$îUXodam` Zo VoZmbram_ H$mo {H$g MrµO Ho$ {bE Bemam{H$`m?

5) VoZmbram_ Zo A{V{W`m| H$mo H$m¡Z-gm Iob {XImZo H$s KmofUm H$s ?

6) VoZmbram_ Zo dh Iob Š`m| Iobm ?

7) VoZmbram_ H$s MVwamB© na amOm H¥$îUXodam` Zo CÝh| Š`m {X`m ?

II. ghr H$mo (✓) Am¡a JbV H$mo (✗) {ZemZ bJmAmoŸ:

1) VoZmbram_ ~hþV _yI© WoŸ& ( ✗ )

2) amOm H¥$îUXodam` Zo A{V{W`m| H$mo Mm±Xr Ho$ ~V©Z _| ^moOZH$am`mŸ& ( )

3) VoZmbram_ amOm Wo& ( )

4) VoZmbram_ ha g_ñ`m H$m hb {ZH$mb boVo WoŸ& ( )

5) EH$ A{V{W Zo Må_M AnZr Oo~ _| aI {b`mŸ& ( )

6) A{V{W`m| Zo OmXy H$m Iob XoIH$a Vm[b`m± Zht ~OmB©Ÿ& ( )

7) VoZmbram_ H$mo Iy~ gmam BZm_ {X`m J`mŸ& ( )

8) Må_M A{V{W H$s Oo~ _| Zht WmŸ& ( )

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III. [aŠV ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$amo :-

1) A{V{W`m| H$mo Ho$ ~V©Zm| _| ^moOZ H$am`m J`mŸ&(gmoZo/Mm±Xr)

2) A{V{W`m| Zo OmXy Ho$ {bE ~OmB©Ÿ& (Vmbr/grQ>r)

3) VoZmbram_ Zo n‹T>Zo H$m ~hmZm {H$`m& ({H$Vm~/_§Ì)

4) VoZmbram_ ~mar-~mar go Ho$ nmg OmVoŸ& (A{V{W/Mmoa A{V{W)

5) A{V{W Zo AnZr Oo~ go {ZH$mbm Am¡a VoZmbram_H$mo Xo {X`mŸ& (Mm~r/Må_M)

6) A{V{W Zo Oo~ _| aI {b`mŸ& (Må_M/H$bN>r)

7) g^r A{V{W VoZmbram_ Ho$ OmXyB© H$mo XoIH$aVm{b`m± ~OmZo bJoŸ& (M_ËH$ma/Iob)

IV. Omo‹S>H$a {bImo :VoZmbram_ H¥$îUXodam`amOm MVwa Xa~marMmoar gmoZo Ho$ ~V©Z^moOZ Oo~BZm_ OmXy H$m IobMå_M Vm{b`m±A{V{W MVwamB©

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V. ~hþdMZ eãX {bImo:

1. Vmbr -

2. {_Ì -

3. gÁOZ -

4. g_ñ`m -

5. amOm -

VI. VoZmbram_ Zo _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ {bE OmXÿ {XIm`r& Vw_ _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ {bEŠ`m H$amoJo? H$moB© nm±M {df` ~VmAmo&

nmR> go AmJo-* AH$~a - ~ra~b H$s H$hm{Z`m± n‹T>mo Am¡a H$jm _| gwZmAmo&

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nmR>17

Ob hr OrdZ h¡

Ame` : Ob _yb H$mo ~MmZo H$s àoaUm XoZm& Ob AmYw{ZH$ `wJ _| A_¥V go ^r~‹T>H$a h¡ - Bg Amoa g§Ho$V H$aZm&

Cg {XZ A§{H$V H$jm _| Am`m Vmo ~hþV CXmg bJ ahm WmŸ& O~AÜ`m{nH$m H$jm _| AmBª Vmo g~ ~ÀMm| Zo CR>H$a CZH$m A{^dmXZ {H$`mŸ&A§{H$V r AZ_Zo md go I‹S>m hþAmŸ& AÜ`m{nH$m Zo g~ ~ÀMm| H$mo ~¡R>Zo Ho${bE H$hm Am¡a A§{H$V go nyN>m - ""A§{H$V Vw_ Š`m| CXmg hmo ?''

A§{H$V I‹S>o hmoH$a ~mobm - ""AmO _wPo _m± go Iy~ S>m°§Q> ImZr n‹S>r,Q>rMa !

AÜ`m{nH$m - ""dh Š`m|'' ?A§{H$V ~mobm - ""AmO Xm±V

_m±OVo g_` _¢Zo Zb ImobHo$ aImWm Am¡a ~mX _| Cgo ~§X H$aZmyb J`m, Bg{bE & _m± H$hVr h¡

{H$ h_| Ob ~MmZm Mm{hE Am¡aCgH$m Anì`` Zht H$aZmMm{hEŸ&''

AÜ`m{nH$m - ""Vwåhmar _m±R>rH$ H$hVr h¢¡ ~oQ>m ! AmO haOJh nmZr H$s ~‹S>r g_ñ`m hmoahr h¡Ÿ&

A§{H$V - ""na Q>rMa AmnZoVmo H$hm Wm {H$ Bg YaVr na 71à{VeV nmZr h¡Ÿ& {\$a nmZr H$sH$_r Š`m| hmoZo bJr ^bm !''

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AÜ`m{nH$m - ""Bg YaVr na nmZr Vmo ~hþV h¡Ÿ& na Cg_| Ho$db EH$à{VeV nmZr hr h_mao Cn`moJ Ho$ bm`H$ h¡Ÿ& ~mH$s gmam nmZr m Vmo gmJam|_| h¡, Omo {H$ Imam hmoVm h¡ `m {\$a {h_ Ho$ ê$n _| O_ J`m h¡Ÿ&''

A§{H$V - ""Vmo Q>rMa, h_mao Cn`moJ Ho$ bm`H$ nmZr H$hm± go {_bVm h¡ ?''AÜ`m{nH$m - ""~ÀMmo h_ Ho$db ZXr, Vmbm~, nmoIa, Hw±$E go Am¡a

Q²>`y~dob Ûmam A§VO©b Ho$ nmZr H$m Cn`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢ &''em{bZr … ""Q>rMa, h_mao Ka Ho$ nmg EH$ Vmbm~ h¡ Am¡a dh BVZm J§Xm

h¡ {H$ h_ CgH$m Cn`moJ Zht H$a gH$VoŸ& dh BVZm ~X~yXma h¡ ! Nr… !''H$_bm … ""Q>rMa, h_mar ZmZr Ho$

Jm±d Ho$ Vmbm~ _| Vmo bmoJ AnZo H$n‹S>>o,~aVZ, OmZda, Jm{‹S>`m± g~ Hw$N> YmoVoh¢ Am¡a Cgo J§Xm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& dhm± VmoQ²> y~dobm| _| ^r nmZr Zht AmVmŸ&''

AÜ`m{nH$m … ""hm± ~ÀMmo, AmOgmao ObòmoV bJmVma H$bw{fV {H$E Om aho h¢ Am¡a nmZr H$m Xwén`moJ ^r{H$`m Om ahm h¡ {Oggo bmoJm| Ho$ amoµOmZm Cn`moJ Ho$ {bE, H$maImZm| H$sAmdí`H$Vm Ho$ {bE Am¡a IoVr~m‹S>>r Ho$ {bE nmZr H$s ~‹T>Vr _m±J H$mo nyamH$aZm Xy^a hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& H$B© OJhm| _| Vmo Xmo-VrZ {XZ _| EH$ ~ma Zbm| _|nmZr Am ahm h¡Ÿ&

{Za§Va dZm| H$s H$Q>mB© Ho$ H$maU dfm© _| H$_r Am JB© h¡ Am¡a A§VO©b rH$_ hmoVm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& Bgr{bE ~ÀMmo, h_| Mm{hE {H$ ha ~y±X nmZr H$m h_gmoM-g_PH$a Cn`moJ H$a| Am¡a nmZr H$mo J§Xm hmoZo go ~MmE±Ÿ& dfm© Ho$ nmZr Ho$g§J«h H$aZo Ho$ ~mao _| bmoJm| H$mo OmJ¥V H$aZm r ~hþV Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& g_Po ?''

g~ ~ÀMo : h_ g_P JE Q>rMa, A~ h_ nmZr ì`W© Zht H$a|Jo Am¡a`h ~mV g~H$mo ~VmE±JoŸ&

****

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OmZmo :CXmg - XwIr, A{^dmXZ - àUm_, Z_ñH$ma; Anì`` - ì`W© IM©H$aZm, Imam - Z_H$sZ, A§VO©b - ^y{_ Ho$ A§Xa H$m Ob, H$bw{fV- J§Xm, òmoV - _yb, AmH$a; amoµOmZm - à{V{XZ, Xy a - H${R>Z, {Za§Va- bJmVma, dfm© - ~m[ae, g§J«h - BH$Æ>m&

Aä`mg

I. nmR> n‹T>>H$a ~VmAmo Am¡a {bImo :1. A§{H$V Š`m| CXmg Wm ?

2. Cgo _m± Zo Š`m| S>m§°Q>m ?

3. YaVr na {H$VZm à{VeV nmZr h¡ ?

4. bmoJ Vmbm~ Ho$ nmZr H$mo {H$g àH$ma J§Xm H$aVo h¢ ?

II. A§{H$V Zo Zb ImobH$a nmZr ~hm`m {OgHo$ H$maU Cgo S>m°§Q> ImZrn‹S>>rŸ& Eogo H$B© H$m_ hmoVo h¢ {OZHo$ {bE h_mar àe§gm hmoVr h¡ Am¡aHw$N> H$m_m| Ho$ {bE h_mar qZXmŸ& ZrMo {XE JE {MÌm| Ho$ AmJoàe§gZr` H$m_m| Ho$ {bE H$m {Mh²Z Am¡a JbV H$m_m| Ho$ {bE {Mh²Z H$m à`moJ H$amo:

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III. "e' AWdm "f' H$mo MwZH$a eãX nyam H$amo :Xmo XmofXoà{V VH$bw V

IV. EH$-go AW© XoZodmbo eãXm| H$mo Omo‹S>mo :

CXmg nmZr ZXrXwIr Ob g[aVm

g_wÐ H$_rgmJa A^md

V. ObòmoVm| H$m _yb "dfm©' h¡& A~ ~VmAmo "dfm©' H¡$go hmoVr h¡?1. gy © Ho$ go g_wÐ H$m nmZr ~ZH$a D$na CR>Vm h¡&2. dhr ^mn _| ~mXb ~Z OmVm h¡&3. ~mXb EH$ Xÿgao go Q>H$amH$a hmoVr h¡&4. dfm© H$m nmZr _| _| {_b OmVm h¡&(ZXr , dfm©, ^mn, Vmn, Amg_mZ, gmJa)

VI. dmŠ` _| à`moJ H$amo:1. A{^dmXZ 2. Anì`` 3. Cn`moJ 4. Amdí`H$Vm

nmR> go AmJo -* Ob H$s Vah Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr Eogr MrO| h¢ {OZHo$ {~Zm h_ Or Zht gH$Vo? CZH$s EH$ gyMr ~ZmAmo&

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nmR>17

S>màr H$m EH$ nÞm

Ame` : N>mÌ Jar~m| Ho$ à{V AmXa ^mdZm aIZm grIVo h¢&

{X : 31-12-2017, gmo_dmaAmO _wPo EH$ AX²^wV AZw^d hþAm& _¢ Bgo H$^r ^yb Zht gH$Vm&AmO _¢ AnZo {_Ì amOrd Ho$ `hm± J`m Wm& {_Ì Zo Mm` {nbm`r& h_

bmoJ Mm` nrH$a ~JrMo _| Q>hbZo J o& Hw$N> Xoa Q>hbZo Ho$ ~mX {\$a Ka Ho$ A§Xadmng Am o& _wPo bJm {H$ _¢ AnZr H$b_ H$mo Mm` H$s _oµO na aIH$a J`m Wm,bo{H$Z dhm± dh Zht {_br& H$b_ Z`r Wr Am¡a nMmg én o H$s Wr&

dhm± EH$ Zm¡H$a Wm& _wPo g§Xoh hþAm {H$ CgZo H$b_ br hmoJr& nyN>m VmoCgZo H$h {X`m {H$ CgZo H$moB© H$b_ ZhtXoIr, bo{H$Z _oam g§Xoh Xÿa Zht hþAm& Š`mH$ê§°$? _Z hr _Z Zm¡H$a H$mo H$mogVm hþAm AnZoKa Ho$ {bE {ZH$b n‹S>m&

Wmo‹S>r hr Xÿa J`m Wm {H$ dh Zm¡H$a mJVm-^mJVm _oao nrN>o Am`m Am¡a H$hZo bJm {H$"" ¡ m Or! h AmnHo$ H$b_ Am¡a ~Qw>Am ~JrMo_| n‹S>o {_bo& O~ nm¡Ym| H$mo nmZr XoZo J`m V~ {_bo& br{OE!'' _¢Zo ~Qw>E _|Xmo gm¡ énò aIo Wo& _¢Zo ~Qw>E H$mo Imobm Vmo Xmo gm¡ énò gwa{jV Wo& _¢e{_ªXm hmo J`m&

Cgo YÝ`dmX XoVo hþE _¢Zo Xg énò H$m ZmoQ> CgH$s Amoa ~‹T>m`m& CgZoH$hm {H$ ""Zht ^¡`m Or, _¢ _ohZV H$m ImVm h±ÿ& B©_mZXmar Ho$ {bE n¡goH¡$go?'' _¢ Xþ~mam e{_ªXm hmo J`m&

_wPo bJm {H$ Jar~m| H$m AmXa H$aZm grIZm h¡& _¢ A~ H$^r Jar~m| H$mAZmXa Zht H$ê±$Jm&

****

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Aä`mg

I. nmR> go Ty>±‹T>H$a CÎma {bImo:

1. boIH$ {H$gHo$ gmW H$hm± Q>hbZo J o?2. boIH$ H$mo H$b_ Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m bJm?3. Zm¡H$a Zo boIH$ go Š`m H$hm?4. boIH$ AnZo Ka H¡$go {ZH$b n‹S>o?5. boIH$ H$mo e{_ªXm H$aZodmbr ~mV| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z gr h¢?6. boIH$ Ho$ H$b_ Am¡a ~Qw>Am H$hm± {Ja J`o Wo?7. Bg nmR> go h_| Š`m grI {_bVr h¡?

II. Z_yZo H$o$ AZwgma {dbmo_ eãX {bImo:Ka Ho$ A§Xa Ka Ho$ ~mha&

1. Hw$N> Xoa Q>hbZm2. EH$ Zm¡H$a3. nrN>o Am`m4. H$b_ Z`r

III. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX ~ZmAmo:1. Zm¡H$a Zm¡H$amZr2. Xoda3. OoR>4. goR>

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IV. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma {H«$`m ê$n ~ZmAmo:

Q>hbZm Q>hbmZm1. {bIZm2. {_bZm

3. ~‹T>Zm4. H$aZm5. n‹T>Zm

V. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX ~ZmAmo:~Qw>Am ~Qw>E _|

1. ~JrMm2. Q>hbZm3. ^mJZm4. nm¡Ym5. én`m

VI. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX ê$n ~ZmAmo:_oµO _oµO|

1. H$b_2. Am±I3. ~hZ

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nm¡Ym nm¡Yo1. ~Qw>Am

2. én`m

3. n¡gm

VII. ghr eãX go dmŠ` nyam H$amo:(bo{H$Z, Am¡a, {H$, Vmo)

1. _¢Zo ~Qw>E H$mo Imobm Xmo gm¡ én`o gwa{jV Wo&

2. Wmo‹S>r hr Xÿa J`m Wm dh Zm¡H$a ^mJVm-^mJVm _oaonrN>o Am`m&

3. _¢ AnZr H$b_ H$mo Mm` H$s _oµO na aIH$a J`m Wm dhm± dh Zht {_br&

4. `h AmnHo$ H$b_ ~Qw>Am ~JrMo _| n‹S>o {_bo&

VIII. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX ~ZmAmo:nm¡Ym nm¡Ym| H$mo

1. _oµO

2. H$b_

3. Zm¡H$a4. {_Ì

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IX. Z_yZo Ho$ AZwgma eãX H$m AW© ~VmAmo:B©_mZXma Omo àm_m{UH$Vm H$m OrdZ

{~VmVm h¡ dh B©_mZXma h¡&1. AZw dr2. e{_ªXm3. _ohZVr4. Jar~

nmR> go AmJo -* AnZo AZw^d H$s EH$ N>moQ>r-gr KQ>Zm gwZmAmo Am¡a Cgo {bImo&

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