EVALUATION OF HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF

CUCUMIS SATIVUS IN HEALTHY RATS

UNDER THE GUIDACE OF:MD.ABDUL KAREEM AMER

M.Pharm.Department of Pharmacology

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defects in insulin secretion action or both.

Hypoglycemia- decrease in blood glucose level.i;eless than 70 mg/dlMost common occurs in Diabetis mellitus with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents

Hypoglycemia occurs when:

Your body's sugar (glucose) is used up too quickly

Glucose is released into the bloodstream too slowly

Too much insulin is released into the bloodstream

Symptoms you may have when your blood sugar gets too low include:

Double vision  or blurry visionFast or pounding heartbeatFeeling cranky or acting aggressiveFeeling nervousHeadacheHungerShaking or tremblingSleeping troubleSweating

SCOPE OF THE WORK: 

Diabetes Allopathy

Disadvantages

Herbal drugs with

antidiabetic potential

Eg:bitter

gourd,cinnamon,aleo Vera

etc

AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE

WORK: 

Selection of the plant Collection and

authentification

Extraction

Phytochemical screening

Pharmacological studies

Selected Plant:-Cucumis sativa

Botanical name cucumis sativa Family Cucurbitaceae – Cucumber family

General description cucumber is creeping vineEnclosed seeds and developing from a flower classified a fruit.contains more than 90% of water.

Chemical constituents: moisture 96.4 %, protein 0.4 %, carbohydrate 2.8 %, calcium 0.01 %, phosphorus 0.03 %, iron 1.5 mg per 100 gram, vitamin B and vitamin C are also present.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of alligator pear seed

Hypoglycemic effects of water, ethanolic and butanolic extracts prepared from the root of Malmoe depressa (Baill)

Hypoglycemic effect of Lagerstromia speciosa L

No scientific proof established for antidiabetic activity”

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES  

1. Preparation of ethanolic extract of seeds of Cucumis sativus.

2. Performing acute toxicity studies for extract.

3. Evaluating the hypoglycemic activity

MATERIALS & METHODS:- Materials

Diethyl ether Sodium citrate Glibenclamide, Gum acacia (5% w/v),Cucumber, GOD/POD kit Distilled water, Methanol (Rats (150-200g) Eppendorf Micro pipette, tips and capillary tubes

HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY Animals used –Male Wistar Albino Rats Dose -150-200g, – significant decrease of blood glucose level

Ethanolic extraction, purification and

drying of extracts

Using methanol as a solvent the active

principle was extracted by maceration for 72

hr. Filtered, filtrate was dried in china dish and

weighed

ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES

Animals used – mice Dose 2000mg/kg No mortality upto 2000mg/kg

No significant toxicity

Grp Dose mg/kg No.of Animals

Dose difference(a)

Animal died(b)

Mean Product(a*b)

1

2.

3.

4.

5mg/kg

50mg/kg

300mg/kg

2000mg/kg

2-3

2-3

2-3

2-3

-

45mg/kg

250mg/kg

1700mg/kg

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 LD 50 = higher dose ─ Σ (a x b) n n = No. of animals in each group LD 50 = 2000─ 0 = 2000mg / kg ED 50 = LD 50 / 10 = 2000 / 10 = 200mg / kg

Grouping of animals 9 animals were divided into 3 groups each containing 3 rats, Group-1; Normal control,

Group-2; Standard (Glibenclamide 10mg/kg) Group-3; ethanolic extract of C. sativa (200 mg/kg)

Hypoglycemic activity:

Rats were orally administered with controlTest Standard

Blood is collected from eye ball at 0, 2, 4 and 6hour after feeding the plant extracts. The blood glucose level was determined by the GOD/POD. kit

Table-1: Blood glucose levels in control group after administration of 5% gum acacia (0.4ml)

CONTROL 0 hr 2 hr 4 hr6 hr

Animal 1 97.95 100.24 91.9076.19

Animal 2 103.82 93.43 100.00105.24

Animal3 94.90 90.95 91.43104.29

Mean 98.89 94.87 94.4495.24

SD 4.53 4.81 4.82 16.50

 

Table-2: Blood glucose levels in Test group after administration of methanolic extract of C.sativus at a dose of 200 mg/kg.  

TEST 0 hr 2 hr 4 hr 6 hr

Animal 1 81.95 70.29 61.81 69.05

Animal 2 108.29 82.52 55.67 59.05

Animal3 110.00 79.81 72.81 75.24

Mean 100.08 77.54 63.43 67.78

SD 15.72 6.43 8.6 8.17

 

Table-3: Blood glucose levels in Standard group after administration of Glibenclamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg.  

STD 0 hr 2 hr 4 hr 6 hr

Animal 1 104.10 77.14 44.24 44.76

Animal2 90.57 69.52 59.52 60.95

Animal3 91.05 53.81 56.67 57.62

Mean 95.24 66.83 53.48 54.44

SD 7.6711.90 8.13 8.55

 

Table-4: Blood glucose level (Mean ± SD) of control, test and standard groups at different time intervals    

GROUP DOSE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

0 hr 2 hr 4 hr 6 hrCntrl 0.4ml of 5% acacia 98.89 ± 4.53 94.87 ± 4.81 94.44 ± 4.82 95.24 ± 16.50

Test 200 mg/k 100.08 ± 15.72 77.54 ± 6.43 63.43 ± 8.69** 67.78 ± 8.17* Standard 10mg/kg 95.24 ± 7.6 66.83 ± 11.90*53.48 ± 8.13 54**.44 ± 8.55**

Hypoglycemic activity of Methanolic extract of C.sativus.

C0 T0 S0 C2 T2 S2 C4 T4 S4 C6 T6 S6

0

50

100

150

***** **

**

**

Time (hr)

Blo

od

glu

co

se

lev

el

(mg

/dl)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Phytochemical screening ethanolic extract has been found to have constituents like flavanoids.

Acute toxicity studies

No mortality upto 2000mg/kg Hypoglycemic activity .

800mg.kg has significant hypoglycemic activity

CONCLUSION 

In conclusion, the experiment evidence obtained in the present laboratory animal study indicate that methanolic extract of Cucumis sativus peel possess hypoglycemic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components which may be worth further investigation and elucidation