Hydrographic Surveying
description
Transcript of Hydrographic Surveying
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Hydrography IHO
Hydrographic Surveys in the
Philippines
Hydrographic Surveys
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrography
WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY?
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That branch of applied science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the navigable portion of the EARTHs surface and adjoining coastal areas, with special reference to their use for the purpose of NAVIGATION. (IHO Pub. S-32)
I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrography
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International Hydrographic
Organization
I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
IHO
An international body representing the hydrographic
community.
An intergovernmental consultative and technical organization
established in 1921 to support safety of navigation and the
protection of the marine environment.
It presently has 80 member countries and 84 hydrographic
offices.
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
IHO
The goals of the IHO include the following:
Coordination of the activities of national hydrographic offices
Uniformity in nautical charts and documents Adoption of reliable and efficient methods of carrying out
hydrographic surveys
Development of the science and techniques in the field of Hydrography
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrography AS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SCIENCE
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Surveys
- deals with the configuration of the bottom and adjacent land areas of oceans, lakes, rivers, harbours, and other water forms on Earth.
- In strict sense, it is defined merely as the surveying of a water area;
- it may include a wide variety of other objectives such as measurements of tides, current, gravity, earth magnetism, and determination of the physical and chemical properties of water.
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The principal objective of most hydrographic surveys is to obtain basic data for the compilation of nautical charts with emphasis on the features that may affect safe navigation.
Other objectives include acquiring the
information necessary for related marine navigational products and for coastal zone management, engineering, and science.
I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Surveys
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Survey
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Survey
Early Hydrographic Survey Methods
Lead Line/Sounding Pole
Wire Drag
Bar Sweep
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines
In the Philippines Hydrography Department
in the past
1900 the US Coast and Geodetic Survey created a Manila Field Station for the conduct of geodetic, hydrographic and topographic surveys in the country.
1939 the Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey (BCGS) of the Philippines was organized together with the Department of National Defense thru EO No. 230
1987 BCGS was merged with three other agencies forming NAMRIA
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office
Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines
Still Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines
The survey vessels...
Steamer Ship Research
(1901-1917)
Ship Pathfinder
(1902-1932/1938-1941)
Ship Fathomer (1902-1938)
Steamer Marinduque
(1905-1932)
Steamer Romblon
(1905-1932)
Ship Tulip (1947-1960)
Ship Orchid (1947-1983)
M/V Cowie (1947-1959)
M/V Alber (1947-1969)
RPS Samar (1960-1975)
RPS Arinya (1962-1997)
RPS Arlunya (1964-1996)
RPS Atyimba (1969-1996)
BRPH Presbitero
(1998-present)
BRPH Ventura (1999-present)
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I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines
Hydrography Department at present
is the sole IHO recognized hydrographic office of the country mandated to conduct hydrographic survey of the Philippine waters.
It is responsible in the delimitation of maritime boundaries of the country, charting of national maritime jurisdictions for safety of navigation, and management of maritime boundaries.
Its current projects include hydrographic survey of ports and harbors, sea lanes, exclusive economic zone, and potential extended continental shelf.
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1. SURVEY PLANNING
2. DATA GATHERING
3. DATA PROCESSING
4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION
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Survey planning covers a wide range of activities from the development of an idea for a survey within the Hydrographic Office and its subsequent issue as Project Instructions / Hydrographic Instructions (HIs), to the detailed planning and organization of a surveying ship to fulfill a practical task.
Exact area of the survey
Type of survey and scale to meet standards of chart to be produced
Platforms available
Support work required (geodetics and tides)
II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
1. SURVEY PLANNING
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
1. SURVEY PLANNING
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
1. SURVEY PLANNING
Planned Survey Lines
Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
Hydrographic Data Checklist
OFFSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
- water depth
- sound velocity profile
- bottom sample
HARBOUR/ INSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
- water depth
- Tide data
- sound velocity profile
- bottom sample
- other data required by hydrographic instructions
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
Hydrographic Survey Ship
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
Hydrographic Survey Vessels
Hydrographic Survey Launch
- for shallow (200m below)
multibeam survey
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Aluminum Survey Skiff
- for shallow water (20m 1m) single beam survey
II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
Hydrographic Survey Vessels
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Multi-Beam Contour
Mapping System
Magnetic
Intensity
Satellite Communication
(INMARSAT)
Expendable
Sensors
Acoustic Doppler
Current Profiler
CTD & Water
Sampler
Gravity
Meter
SINGLE BEAM DEPTH SOUNDER & SEDIMENT CLASSIFICATION
SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER
HEADING & DYNAMIC MOTION SENSOR
DGPS Reference Station
Satellite Navigation (GPS)
SURVEY SYSTEMS CONFIGURATION OF BRPH PRESBITERO AND VENTURA
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Tide Staff Installation
Tide data downloading
II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
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Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar
Hypack and
Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar
Monitor
Shallow Multibeam Hydrographic Survey Vessel System
Data Acquisition
Hydrographic Survey Launch
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
2. DATA GATHERING
Raw Data
Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)
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Position
Depth Corrections
Attitude Corrections
Sound Velocity Profiling
Merging of position and depths
II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
3. DATA PROCESSING
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION
ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART
ENC is the database containing base information from paper charts and relevant supplementary information for use with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS).
Sample of available ENC from HD
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II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES
4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION
Other Publications
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a. SOUNDING METHODS
b. POSITIONING
c. OCEANOGRAPHY
d. DATA CORRECTION
e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING
Echosounding works on the basic principle that a sound produce near the surface of water will travel to the bottom in the form of sound wave and be reflected back to the sonar in the form of echo. The transducer will record the time of return of echo and measure the time interval . Using the measured time interval and sound velocity in water column the transducer will calculate and register the depth of water.
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING
Distance = (0.5xTravel Time) x (Sound Velocity)
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
Single Beam Echo Sounder
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
BATHY 500 ECHO SOUNDER
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES)
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
SEABEAM 2100 - for offshore multibeam surveying - up to 11,000 meter depth
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
a. SOUNDING METHODS
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
b. POSITIONING SYSTEM
OVERVIEW Space Segment
User Segment Monitor Stations Diego Garcia Ascension Is. Kwajalein Hawaii
Colorado Springs
Control Segment
Colorado Springs
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
c. OCEANOGRAPHY
Tides, Datums, and Water Levels
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY c. OCEANOGRAPHY
SAN VICENTE
CURRIMAO
SAN FERNANDO
LINGAYEN
ZAMBOANGA
PUERTO PRINCESA
BALANACAN
GENSAN
EXISTING TIDE STATIONS
OPERATIONAL - 2006
2007 PRS TIDE STATIONS
OPERATIONAL
2008 PRS TIDE STATIONS
OPERATIONAL
2009 PRS TIDE STATIONS
IN PROGRESS
2010 PRS TIDE STATIONS
PROPOSED
MINDANAO SEA
SULU SEA
CATICLAN
TIDE STATIONS
DAVAO
MATI
PAGADIAN
CAMIGUIN
BALER
BATANES
CALAPAN
DUMAGUETE
PULUPANDAN
SAN CARLOS
CEBU
PALANAN
BANGUI
SUBIC
MARIVELES
REAL MANILA
PUERTO AZUL
BATANGAS
MAMBURAO
SAN JOSE
BALINTANG
BROOKES POINT
BALABAC
ROMBLON
VIRAC LEGASPI
BULAN
MATNOG
CATBALOGAN
GUIUAN
TANDAG
SURIGAO
CAGAYAN DE ORO
ORMOC
MASBATE
BOGO CEBU CUYO
TAGBILARAN
DUMANGAS EL NIDO
SJ BUENVISTA
BISLIG
BONGAO
SULTAN KUDARAT
OZAMIZ
DAET
LUBANG
ROXAS
POLILIO
LUCENA
LILOAN
MASINLOC
CORON
DIPOLOG
JOLO
PASACAO
SIPALAY
BALUT ISLAND
SAN POLICARPIO
BORONGAN
CASIGURAN
SIARGAO
LILOY
COTABATO
33 operational
tide
stations
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
c. OCEANOGRAPHY
MANILA DAVAO SUBIC
REAL TIME MONITORING STATION PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
c. OCEANOGRAPHY Physical Observation
Bottom Sampling
Box Core
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
d. DATA CORRECTION
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Expendable
Bathy
Thermograph
(XBT)
Canister
and
Launcher
Conductivity, Temperature and
Depth
probe
Bio CTD
Sound Velocity Acquisition Computer
III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
d. DATA CORRECTION
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Side Scan Sonar
III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHODS
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Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
uses lasers instead of sound to find distance
used extensively for topographic mapping on land. When used in hydrographic surveys, two different color lasers are used: green and red. The red laser reflects off of the water surface, while the green laser penetrates water and reflects off of the seafloor.
III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD
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III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD
Satellite Altimetry
Altimeters aboard satellites can be used for general bathymetric mapping in deep water
Because of variation in the strength of gravity, the water's surface mounds over features like seamounts and forms a trough over deep-sea trenches.
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
Archipelagic Baselines
Maritime Zones
Extended Continental Shelf
Other International Boundaries
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LEGEND
New Baselines (RA 9522)
Baselines
PD 1596
KIG
Scarborough
Shoal
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LEGEND
Maritime Zones under UNCLOS
EEZ (200 M)
Territorial Sea
(12 M)
Contiguous Zone
(24 M)
Baselines
(RA9522)
Juridical
Continental
Shelf (200 M)
Archipelagic and
Internal Waters
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LEGEND
Maritime Zones
EEZ (200 M)
Territorial Sea
(12 M)
Baselines
(RA9522)
Archipelagic and
Internal Waters
Municipal
Waters
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
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IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS
Location of Sunken
M/T Solar 1 as shown
in 3-Dimensional View
of the Side Scan
Image
2-Dimensional Bathymetry
Southwest of Guimaras
Vicinity of the Oil Spill
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thank you!
Sources:
"IHO Hydrographic Manual", International Hydrographic Bureau
Umbach, Melvin J. "Hydrographic Manual, 4th Ed.," NOAA
Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration Training
Modules
http://www.meted.ucar.edu
http://www.lib.noaa