HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE

HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE NEXTGEN | 11TH OCTOBER 2012

Contents

• The need for energy storage

• Principles of energy storage

• Hydrogen energy storage

• Power to Gas

• Methanation

• Technology & deployment

• Outlook

Science has not yet mastered prophecy. We predict too

much for the next year and yet far too little for the next 10.

Neil Armstrong


Germany's wind power chaos should be a warning

to the UK

• 3,500 turbines in the UK produced 4GW (8%)

• 23,500 turbines in Germany produced 31GW (27%)

• 25th May 2012 Germany generated 22.4GW PV (30%)

UK WIND | GERMAN WIND

ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED

HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

On Friday, September 14, just before 10am, Britain’s

3,500 wind turbines broke all records by briefly

supplying just over four gigawatts (GW) of electricity to

the national grid. Three hours later, in Germany, that

country’s 23,000 wind turbines and millions of solar

panels similarly achieved an unprecedented output of

31GW. But the responses to these events in the two

countries could not have been in starker contrast.

GROWING WIND GENERATION IN THE UK

• 2011: 6,488 MW wind capacity | 15,500 GWh wind production (DUKES 2012)

• 0.5% of wind was subject to constraint payments

• 2011 | 75MWh | £16m | 21p/kWh (full yr)

• 2012 | 85MWh | £17m | 20p/kWh (to Sept, significant winter months not yet included)



GROWING WIND GENERATION

20% of peak capacity (60GW) in Winter

20% of peak capacity (40GW) in Summer



• Evidence from Germany and Denmark

• Problems start at 20% capacity; UK hits threshold from 2013

• Problems start at 8% energy; UK at 7.5% in Sept 2012

WIND FARM CONSTRAINT PAYMENT ANALYSIS

• 82 onshore & offshore wind farms in NETA

• 18 wind farms received payments to-date

• Price varies by10x from 9 to 99p/kWh

• Range of windfarm sizes from 20 to 314 MW

• 2011 | 75MWh | £15.8m | 21p/kWh

http://www.bwea.com/ukwed/operational.asp

http://www.bmreports.com/bsp/staticdata/PowerParkModules.xls

Windfarm Size (MW) Owner Payments MWh Ave Price

Hadyard Hill 119 SSE £2,150,052 14,443 £149

Farr Unit 1 45 npower £2,803,487 13,393 £209

Whitelee 314 ScottishPower £1,759,043 9,961 £177

Beinn Tharsuinn 28 ScottishPower £1,270,086 8,328 £153

Farr Unit 2 47 npower £1,617,080 7,520 £215

Kilbraur 1 48 Falck £2,285,641 7,115 £321

Millennium 1 50 Falck £1,361,314 4,455 £306

Black Law 122 ScottishPower £584,443 3,272 £179

Gordonbush 68 SSE £141,528 1,436 £99

Crystal Rig II 138 Fred Olsen £1,267,850 1,279 £991

Minsca 35 Infinis £118,660 1,047 £113

Toddleburn 28 SSE £105,958 712 £149

Dalswinton 31 Infinis £72,371 686 £106

Edinbane 42 Vattenfall £57,860 598 £97

An Suidhe 1 20 npower £113,946 564 £202

Dunlaw Extension 29 ScottishPower £15,680 166 £94

Arecleoch 114 ScottishPower £24,583 138 £179

Mark Hill 84 ScottishPower £11,378 121 £94

Total £15,749,582 75,113 £209.68







WIND FARM ANALYSIS

• All 18 wind farms in Scotland.

• Most common wind farms in red.

Hadyard Hill

Farr

Whitelee

Beinn Tharsuinn

Kilbraur

Millenium I

Black Law

Gordonbush

Crystal Rig II

Minsca

Toddleburn

Dalswinton

Edinbane

An Suidhe I

Dun Law

Arecleoch



ENERGY

STORAGE

POWER IN/OUT

SECTOR EXPORT

UK ELECTRICITY DEMAND

Demand varies daily, weekly, seasonally:

• Winter Peak is 60GW

• Base Load

• Mid Merit

• Peaking Plant



LOAD | DURATION

Base load

Mid-merit

Peak

Data from National Grid



Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs:

• Turns mid merit in base load

• Reduces the need for peaking

• Increases system efficiency

• Day night arbitrage!

POWER IN | POWER OUT ENERGY STORAGE



Half Hourly Prices on 24/03/09

Source: BMRS website

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

£/MWhr

The Balancing Mechanism Reporting System (BMRS)

The BMRS website provides near real time and historic data about the Balancing Mechanism which is

used by the National Grid (System Operator) as a means of balancing power flows on to and off the

electricity Transmission System in the UK.

Data from National Grid

Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs:

• Turns mid merit in base load

• Reduces the need for peaking

• Increases system efficiency

• Day night arbitrage!

• 3p to 14p

RATIONALE FOR POWER IN | POWER OUT ES



Add wind? Exporting excess power

• Operating a DSM load

• Need 1 second response

• Balance supply | demand

SECTOR EXPORT ENERGY STORAGE



SECTOR EXPORT

GAS INJECTION

SYNTHETIC CH4

HYDROGEN

ENERGY

STORAGE

Energy storage by DSM hydrogen production

• Modular, scalable and rapid response

• High conversion efficiency

• Ability to accommodate intermittent input

• Separates power from energy

ELECTROLYSIS

ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL

ELECTROLYSIS

ECOISLAND

Power & Vehicles Control System Intelligence Wireless Vehicles Vehicles

Hydrogen Energy Storage Smart Grid

• £2.4m TSB grant (£1.3m direct to ITM)

• First installation 100kg/day refueller

• Fleet of 20 vehicles

• Hydrogen balancing supply and demand

• Revenue stream from hydrogen sales

ECOISLAND



ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM

Battery

HFuel

HInject

Smart Grid

Vehicles

Gas Grid

HYBRID SYSTEM

Battery | Transport Fuel | Gas Grid Injection

• Battery Up to 2hrs

• HFuel Up to days (determined by tank size)

• Hinject Continuous

GAS INJECTION

SYNTHETIC CH4

POWER TO GAS

POWER TO GAS

POWER TO GAS



POWER TO GAS

GERMAN POWER TO GAS SCHEMES

POWER TO GAS


POWER TO GAS

The TSB funded GridGas study

• Opportunity analysis

• Compliance of gas injection

• Rapid response electrolysis

• Gas mixing

• Location of stranded gas assets in the UK

• Potential in Scotland

• Website: www.gridgas.co.uk

Compliance Stranded Grids Installation Deployment Deployment Deployment

http://www.gridgas.co.uk/


POWER TO GAS

http://www.gl-nobledenton.com/assets/downloads/IGEM_2011_v2_-_Repositioning_the_gas_networks.pdf

GAS GRID | POWER GRID | FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE








SYNTHETIC METHANE

SNG SYSTEM

Utilising wind and CO2

• Counters wind curtailment

• Best with pure CO2

• Best with CHP

• Big in Germany

TECHNOLOGY &

DEPLOYMENT

POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE



60kW Stack


• 1sec On/Off

• Up to 80bar self pressurising

• 60kW | 24hrs | 25kg/day




1MW Grid Gas Container

• 20ft ISO container


• 1sec On/Off

• Up to 80bar self pressurising

• 1MW | 24hrs | 400kg/day

The curtailment threshold approaching fast

• Learn from experience

• Renewable power needs energy storage

• Hydrogen is a viable solution today

• Well timed, well positioned offering

• Study day and factory tour on 23rd October in Sheffield

OUTLOOK

HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE


HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE

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