HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic … · HVDC Converter Operations and...
Transcript of HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic … · HVDC Converter Operations and...
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HVDC Converter Operations and Performance, Classic and VSCDhaka, September 18, 2011
Gunnar Persson, Senior Project Manager, Power Systems – HVDC, ABB AB Sweden
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Agenda
HVDC technologies
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light (VSC )
Future
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Key Renewable Energy AlternativesLocated at remote locations and off-shore
Hydro WindNew (solar/tidal/ wave/
geothermal etc)
Increase the use of renewable energy:
Reduce our CO2 emissions
Reduce our dependence on fossil energy
Hugh drivers for new transmission!
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Market drivers for HVDC transmissionEnvironmentally friendly grid expansion
Integration of renewable energyRemote hydroOffshore windSolar power
Grid reinforcementFor increased tradingShare spinning reservesTo support intermittent renewable energy
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What is an HVDC transmission system ?C
usto
mer
’s G
rid
HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic
HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light
Overhead linesTwo conductors
Submarine cables
Land or submarine,cables
HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic
HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light
Power / energy direction
Cus
tom
er’s
Grid
Custom
er’s Grid
Custom
er’s Grid
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What is an HVDC Back-to-back system ?
Cus
tom
ers
Grid
Cus
tom
ers
Grid
HVDC Light Converter Station in a Back-to-back mode < 1200 MW
Cus
tom
ers
Grid
Cus
tom
ers
Grid
HVDC Back-to-back Converter Station> 300 MW, Classic
Garabi
Eagle Pass
Power / Energy direction
Technical benefits of HVDC
Conventional HVAC
HVAC with RPC
HVDC
DC
• Control of power flow
• Increased system stability
• No increase of short circuit currents
• Asynchronous connections
• Reactive power control
• Robustness and resistance to disturbances
• Low losses
• Reduced construction time
• Better use of right-of-way (see figures)
• Low cost line construction
Investment Costs
Distance
AC Terminal costs
Total AC cost
DC terminal
Costs
Total DC CostCritical Distance
Investment cost versus distance for HVAC and HVDC
Variables -Cost of Land -Cost of Materials - Cost of Labour - Time to Market
- Permissions - etc.
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HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Classic
600 m x 360 m
Current source convertersLine-commutated thyristor valvesRequires 50% reactive compensation (35% HF)HVDC converter transformersMinimum short circuit capacity > 2 x converter rating
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HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Light
150 m x 100 m
Voltage source convertersSelf-commutated IGBT valvesRequires no reactive power compensationStandard transformersNo minimum short circuit capacity, black start
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HVDC ClassicHVDC Light
With HVDC Classic,for power levels up tomore than 6.400 MWusing thyristor technology
With HVDC Light,for power levels up to 1.200 MW usingIGBT technology
or
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Development of HVDC converter capacity
01000200030004000500060007000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Transmission capacityHVDC Classic (MW)
0200400600800
10001200
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Transmission capacityHVDC VSC (MW)
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Development of HVDC applications
580 km
HVDC Classic
Very long sub sea transmissions
Very long overhead line transmissions
Very high power transmissions
HVDC Light
Offshore power supply
Wind power integration
Underground transmission
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HVDC Technologies
What makes HVDC special?Lower investment and lower losses for bulk power transmissionAsynchronous interconnectionsImproved transmission in parallel AC circuitsInstant and precise power flow control 3 times more power in a ROW than AC
What makes HVDC Light special?Underground cables
Easy permitsCosts close to overhead lines
Connection to passive loadsEnhancement of connected AC networksIndependent control of active and reactive power flowShort delivery times
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HVDC Technologies
550 MW120 x 50 x 11 m1.5 acre36 feet high
HVDC Classic 300 – 6,400 MWThyristor controlledSwitched reactive power controlTypical design: valve building plus switchyardOverhead lines or mass impregnated cables
HVDC Light 50 – 1,200 MWTransistor (IGBT) controlledContinuous reactive power controlEasily expandable to more terminalsDynamic voltage regulationBlack start capabilityTypical design: all equipment (excluding transformers) in compact buildingExtruded cables
600 MW200 x 120 x 22 m6 acres73 feet high
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Comparison HVDC-Classic and HVDC-Light®
AC DC
HVDC-Classic
AC DC
HVDC-Light®
IndoorOutdoor
HVDC Light has fewer components and most equipment indoors
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Point to Point Transmissions
Back to Back
Multi-terminal Systems
HVDC Configurations
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Monopole, ground return
Monopole, metallic return
Monopole, midpoint grounded
6-pulse groups
6-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
Capacity up to appr. 1500 MW
Bipole
12-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
Capacity up to appr. 3000 MW(6-7000 MW)
Back – to -Back
Capacity up to appr. 1000 MW
Connection between Converter Stations can be Overhead Lines or Cables
HVDC Transmission Modes
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HVDC Light Generation 4Operation configurations and modes
=~ = ~Symmetric monopole
=~ = ~Asymmetric monopole, metallic return
=~ = ~
=~ = ~
Bipole
Bipole, metallic return
=~ = ~
=~ = ~
=~ = ~
Asymmetric monopole, ground return
=~ = ~
Multiterminal Symmetric monopole
= ~
AC and DC transmission principles
P E1 E2X
sinδ
X~ ~E1
δ
=
E2 0
R
~~ Ud2Ud1
E1δ
PUd1 (Ud1-Ud2)
R=
E2 0
HVDC Control
Control of HVDC Links
The KEY to mitigation of disturbances in Transmission systems
Different ways to control a two-terminal HVDC Link:
1. Constant power
2. Constant current
3. Constant frequency (either in the receiving or sending AC network)
A combination can also be used or change from one mode to another
The DC Link can also be used to stabilize an AC network
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HVDC Light
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Merge of two technologiesLCC + SVC = VSC
LCC
SVC
VSC
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Available operating area
-1,2 -1,0 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 Q (pu)
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
-0,2
-0,4
-0,6
-0,8
-1,0
-1,2
P (p
u)
Inverter
Q consumption (inductive)
Rectifier
Q generation (Capacitive)
Conclusion: A VSCcan behave like amotor or a generator
PQ-diagram
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Converter bridge technology - Today's designGeneration 4 - Cascaded Two-Level Converters (CTLC)
Significantly reduced switching losses (~150 Hz)
Excellent output voltage quality
Scalable to high voltages
+ Ud
- Ud
1 Cell
CTLC2-level converter
+ Ud
- Ud
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HVDC Light Generation 4 No filters required….
Two-level converter voltage
CTL converter voltage
HVDC Light® – Simplified Single Line Diagram
DC Capacitors (Voltage Sources)
Converter Valves
Phase ReactorsCables
AC Transformers, breakers/disconnectors
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Converter Technology
Control & Protection Technology
Cable Technology
All in coordinated in-house ABB development
Key building elements for HVDC Light
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HVDC Light Extended range
Base – symmetrical 617 1233 1850
Udc A dc A dc A dc
+/- 80 kV 99 197 296 +/- 150 kV 185 370 555 +/- 320 kV 395 789 1184
Cable or OH line
Bipolar 617 1233 1850
Udc1 Udc2 A dc A dc A dc
160 160 kV 197 395 592
320 320 kV 395 789 1184
500 500 kV 617 1233 1600
640 640 kV 789 1579 2368Extruded Cable Mass Impregnated OH line
Power in MW (BtB)
Power in MW (BtB)
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HVDC LightTechnical development
Hällsjön3 MW
± 10 kV
Cross Sound330 MW± 150 kVGotland
50 MW ± 80 kV
East-WestInterconnector
500 MW± 200 kV
BorWin1400 MW± 150 kV
Dolwin 1800 MW± 320 kV
Skagerrak 4700 MW500 kV
Estlink350 MW± 150 kV
Caprivi300 MW+ 350 kV
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
500
1000
2000
1500
2500
200
100
400
300
500
600MW kV
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150 m220 m
HVDC Light Generation 4Station layout 2 x 1000 MW ± 320 kV
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Lower losses in HVDC Light stations
Reduce losses
Maintain functionalityMaintain availability and reliability
Compactness
150 x 100 m±320 kV, 1000 MW
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
2,0%
2,5%
3,0%
3,5%
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Gen. 1
Gen. 2
Gen. 3
Gen. 4
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light
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HVDC Light land and sea cables50 – 1,200 MW
Conductor of aluminim or copper
Triple extruded insulation systemconductor screenHVDC polymer insulationinsulation screen
Copper wire screen and/or lead sheath
Steel wire armor or aluminim laminate
Outer jacket of PE or polyethylene yarn
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HVDC Light applications
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HVDC LightCity center infeed
System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedureLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkIncreased transfer capability in AC linesConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission
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HVDC LightPowering islands
System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedureLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission
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HVDC LightConnecting wind farms
System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedure in coastal areasLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkIncreased transfer capability in AC linesConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission
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HVDC LightOffshore platforms
System with converters and cablesEasier permit procedureLow project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkIncreased transfer capability in AC linesConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission
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HVDC LightImproved grid reliability
System with converters and cablesEmbedded link incl. SVC functionality Easier permit procedure - low project riskShort installation and implementation timeLow operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvementVoltage and reactive power controlLoss reduction in connected AC networkIncreased transfer capability in AC linesConnection in weak network pointsPassive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adaptedShort permitting timeSmall footprint and low profile of converters Oil free cable Reduced magnetic fields“Invisible” transmission
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Agenda
HVDC technologies
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light
Future
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Next development steps
HVDC Classic and HVDC Light Higher reliabilityLower footprintEnvironmentally adapted
HVDC Classic> 1000 kV
HVDC LightHigher ratingsLower lossesMore compact, particularly offshoreMulti terminal configurations Control features
DC Grids
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Regional DC grids- multi-terminal
A DC regional grid is a system that constitutes of one protection zone for DC short circuits
Characteristics
Fast restart of faultless part of system
DC breakers are not needed
Normally radial or star network configuration
Limited power rating compared to connecting AC-grid
Can be built today with existing, proven technology
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Statnett
The DC grid vision is a shared by many
wind-energy-the-facts.orgmainstreamrp.com pepei.pennnet.com
Statnett
wikipedia/desertec Desertec-australia.org
claverton-energy.com
SVK/Statnett
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Future overlay DC grid of EuropeHVDC Light is required
Thank you for your attention!