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HUNGARY for ESS

Proposal for a Large Research Infrastructure in the

Central and Eastern European Region

László ROSTABudapest Neutron CentreESS Hungary Company

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The Hungarian story

•ESS Council, 2003: Why not to propose to locate ESS in one of the new accession countries?

•F. Mezei and L. Rosta – proposed for the government to investigate the feasibility of ESS in Hungary

•Detailed socio-economic studies

•December 2007: Final approval of the government for the ESS-Hungary project, final decision on the site

•The Hungary for ESS project was presented at Bussels in January 2008

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Hungary for ESS – an attractive proposal

1. Favourable scientific environment Traditions and competence in neutron science and instrumentation

2. Carefully selected site candidate in Hungary Two phase selection procedure: Final candidate - city of Debrecen

3. Highly cost-effective construction conditios Experience in hosting investments, site/land offred, favorble price level index (EUSTAT)

4. Novel approch for financing Scheme of collaborative core-partnership, substantial funds from the host site

Full political and economical engagement of the government and scientific community: to serve the EU’s goal to improve the geographyic balace of European research infrastructures

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Neutron Research Background in Hungary

Neutron research was established in Hungary with starting the reactor in 1959

Major milestones:Start: 1959, 2.5 MW Upgrad: 1967, 5 MWFull scale refurbishment: 1986-90Recommissioning: 1992, 10 MWCold neutron source: 2000-01Second operating cycle: 2004-14

Transition to 20% fuel, modernisation 2008-11

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Panoramic view of the reactor hall 2007

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Cold neutron instruments:

REFL – Reflectometer

TASC - TAS Triple axis spectrometer on CNS

SANS Small-angle scattering spectrometer

PGAA Prompt gamma activation analysis

NIPS Neutron-induced prompt gamma-ray spectrometer

IBMS – In-beam Mössbauer spectrometer (under construction)

REFLIBMS SANS PGA

NIPSNG-3

NG-2NG-1

TOF – Time of flight diffractometer (multiframe monochromatisation)

DNR – Dynamic neutron radiography

SNR – Static neutron radiography

BIO – Port used for biological experiments

MTEST – Material testing diffractometer

TAS – Triple axis spectrometer

PSD – Powder diffractometer

TOF(neutron guide)

TOF(measuring hall)

DNR

SNR

BIO

MTEST

TAS PSD

Shielding tunnel(for 3 neutron guides)

Shutters(3 pcs.)

Reactor Hall

TASC

CNS Measuring Hall

Entrance to the reactor hall

Lay out of the Neutron Beam FacilitiesLay out of the Neutron Beam Facilities

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Small angle neutron scattering study of the nanoscale defect structure in Al-alloy pistons at different stages of usage. Anisotropic distribution and highly geometry dependent growth of precipitates was revealed.

The technology was improved for life-time prolongation of the engine.

M. Rogante, V.T. Lebedev, F. Nicolae, E. Rétfalvi, L.Rosta, Physica. B 358, 224 (2005)

Neutron Research Background in Hungary

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The principle and two ways of experimental realisation of atomic resolution neutron holography was proposed by László CSER (BNC). A team lead by L. Cser has performed the first successful experiment (on D9 diffratometer at the ILL) proving the feasibility of holography (Figure on the left - 3D image of the 12 Pb atoms on a sphere of a 3.5 Å radius surrounding the Cd nucleus. Neutron holography is a unique method for direct measurement of local lattice distortionss with sub-picometer accuracy.) Recently a dedicated holography instrument was installed at the Budapest Reactor.

Neutron Research Background in Hungary

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Nuclear research in Debrecen

Science and techology of accelerators at ATOMKI (HAS):

- Two Van de Graaff accelerators.

- The cyclotron shown in the picture below is a major accelerator facility in Hungary

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The most relevant contribution to the ESS story:

Ferenc Mezei is a Hungarian physicist, and pioneer of finding new methods for neutron scattering, proposed first the idea of the long pulse spallation source in 1994

The 5 MW long pulse target station version of ESS proposed by ESFRI is the Hungarian bid

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CITY OF DEBRECEN

• the second largest city in Hungary in a region dynamically developing, main beneficiary of EU stuctural funds.

• Debrecen: Scientific centre,rich cultural life and a wealth of hospitality

Site selection Two phase procedure:

6/2 candidates

International selection panel

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ESS Hungary: Costing and financing

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Construction Costs (million EUR)

Total Project Costs

The investment budget amounts to a total of EUR 1063 million.

The operational budget of ESS will be yearly EUR 95 million.

includes funding for the 10 beam-line instruments (the operational costs for the subsequent 6 years contain funds for adding 2 new instruments per year).

- Contingency: 17%,does not include (paid by the host country / site)- the costs of pre-planning and construction preparation for the project the price

of the specified construction site with infrastructure up to the border.- cost for the administrative and technical support of the first year of project work.

The costing model is based on the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) methodology. Sources: •SNS Oak Ridge Actual Spending Rep.•ESS Reference Volume III •ESS Technical descriptions•ESS Hungary documentation of implementation•Interviews with leading Hungarian and foreign scientists, and with the technical and financial experts of SNS

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Large savings in Hungary:

a) Buildings and local services

SNS: local contractors $ 460 M (2007 value).

Approximately scales with building costs Price Level Index:

in HU: $ 255 M

in ES: $ 332 M

in SE: $ 607 M

b) Salaries for Hungarian staff:~ 30 % of Western EU average(expected ~ 40 % by 2018)

more than competitive salaries to offer to expatriate employees larger supporting staff for optimal overall out-put

Global building costs

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ESS Hungary: Costing and financing

Cost advantages:

• Low construction costs; EUROSTAT construction index: EU27 100% - HU 66%

• Low manpower costs for the construction and the starting operation period (model for site dependence of costs based on that at SNS distribution of contracts)

• Lower costs of living (e.g. housing, good living conditions, efficient and time saving local transport)

• reletively low wages for Hungarian emloyees (mostly supporting staff), better than usual compensation for non-Hungarian staff (90 % of professionals) according to Hungarian practice for expatriate workers: atrract the "best and brightest" from all Europe.

• take advantage of low salary costs for locals to employ a much larger workforce for supporting staff: optimize the use of time of the highly paid expatriates.

• EU cohesion and balance

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Financing of ESS HungaryThe financial proposal

The construction costs (in 2007 value) will be underwritten in the form of shares in a non-profit ESS consortium (property and usage rights for the shareholders) Shares will

be tradable on non-profit basis. The Hungarian government will use the following resources

• Treasury (through e.g. National investment bank) – flexible ~130 M€• European structural funds (GOP 75 M€, ROP 60 M€)• National R&D („Innovation Fund”) – flexible ~ 120 M€ Total: ~385 M€

• If needed for a timely start ~170 M€ will be vailable as loan, offered by EIB using the new ESFRI Risk Capital Facility.

Strategic partners • Regional partners

International partners Shares

• Bilateral preparatory contacts with a number of European countries (Cz, Fr, De, Nl, It, CH, Ru....) and collaboration with Spain, leave little doubt that financing goal can be achieved in a timely manner.