Humanities 2 - LaGrange Collegehome.lagrange.edu/mturner/hum2/Hum_Intro.pdf · 2014-08-27 · what...
Transcript of Humanities 2 - LaGrange Collegehome.lagrange.edu/mturner/hum2/Hum_Intro.pdf · 2014-08-27 · what...
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Humanities 2Introduction
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comparing the arts
• music is a temporal art
• visual arts and architecture are spatial arts
• literature is permanent (e.g., books)
• some literature is meant to spoken not read
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what is culture
• not strange and highbrow
• derives from human invention
1. jungles are a product of nature
2. gardens are a product of culture
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what is a masterpiece
• any work that carries a surplus of meaning
• it sums up the best of a certain age
• consider the Roman Pantheon (126 CE)
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impact of Roman architecture
• Hagia Sophia built in the 7th century in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey)
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impact of Roman architecture
Il Duomo, 15th century Florence
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impact of Roman architecture
U.S. Capitol building, 18th century
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how to study “a surplus of meaning”
• Two steps:
1. what is the work and how was it achieved
2. how does the work relate to history
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what is the work itself• what are its formal elements (geometry, color,
style, etc.)
• what is the work’s function
• The Iliad was meant to be spoken aloud. What does that tell us about its purpose?
• What is the purpose of our capitol building?
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the work in relation to history
• Why did we base our capital building’s form on Roman/Greek antecedents?
• What does that tell us about us?
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how to read artworks
• we must consider a work’s form and function
• we must know what something is and its place in historical context
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art and architecture• consider how much time and money a culture
spends on art and architecture
• some societies (12th century France) spent large amounts of money on building and decorating churches. Why?
• others (18th century France) built palaces
• How might their values be reflected in these expenditures?
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questions to ask• What is the purpose of this
work of art?
• What does it hope to communicate?
• How was it made?
• How is it composed (arranged)?
• Symbolism or meaning?
• see pp. xxviii-xxix
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how to listen to music
• origins of music are unknown
• we guess there was a ritualistic or magical purpose
• music still accompanies religious services today
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how to listen to music
• Greeks viewed music as a science (Pythagorus)
• They also understood its power to change human behavior (Plato)
• written sources move from monophonic to polyphonic over time
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how to listen to music
• before listening:
- determine the historical context
- who wrote it? when? for whom? why?
- if there is a text read it before listening
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how to listen to music• while listening:
- try to avoid distractions
- it takes time to listen (there are no cliff notes)
- listen for repetitions and patterns
- try to determine the mood (fast and dancelike or slow contemplative)
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how to listen to music• after listening:
- what elements indicate the time in which the piece was written (synthesizers and electric guitars indicate more recent music)
- were there repetitions (form)?
- what instruments were heard? voices?
- what was the mood of the piece?
- was the melody long and flowing or short and fragmented?
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how to listen to music
• listen to J.S. Bach Fugue No. 2 (in C minor) from Book I of the Well-Tempered Clavier
• listen for repetitions of the opening melody
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how to read literature
• much literature was not meant to be read silently
• plays and epic poems were meant to be read aloud or acted out
• novels may tell us about the times in which they were written
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bibliography
• Cunningham & Reich, Culture and Values,Vol. 2, 8th edition, pp. xxv-xvi