Human ReproductionHuman Reproduction

Male and Female Reproductive Male and Female Reproductive AnatomyAnatomy

Importance of ReproductionImportance of Reproduction Insures the survival of a speciesInsures the survival of a species Involves the fusion of male and female Involves the fusion of male and female

gametes to produce new genetic gametes to produce new genetic combinationscombinations

Humans have separate male and female Humans have separate male and female reproductive systems:reproductive systems:

1.1. Male gonads: testes produce cells called spermMale gonads: testes produce cells called sperm

2.2. Female gonads: ovaries produce cells called eggsFemale gonads: ovaries produce cells called eggs The fusion of male and female sex cells is a The fusion of male and female sex cells is a

process called fertilizationprocess called fertilization Zygote Zygote Embryo Embryo Fetus Fetus

Female Sex Cells: EggsFemale Sex Cells: Eggs

Female gameteFemale gamete Contains nucleus and stored food Contains nucleus and stored food

called yolk (used as nourishment for called yolk (used as nourishment for the developing animal)the developing animal)

Egg cells are microscopic (0.1mm in Egg cells are microscopic (0.1mm in diameterdiameter

Male Sex Cells: SpermMale Sex Cells: Sperm Also microscopic (but 100 000 times smaller then Also microscopic (but 100 000 times smaller then

an egg)an egg) Has a head, a mid-piece, and a tailHas a head, a mid-piece, and a tail Streamlined with only a small amount of Streamlined with only a small amount of

cytoplasm surrounding the nucleuscytoplasm surrounding the nucleus HeadHead: nucleus which contains the chromosomes, : nucleus which contains the chromosomes,

and an and an acrosomeacrosome which is filled with special which is filled with special enzymes that dissolve the outer coating enzymes that dissolve the outer coating surrounding the egg and thus penetrate the eggsurrounding the egg and thus penetrate the egg

Mid-pieceMid-piece: packed with mitochondria which : packed with mitochondria which provide energy so that the sperm can moveprovide energy so that the sperm can move

FlagellumFlagellum: long whip-like tail which enables the : long whip-like tail which enables the sperm to swim through liquidssperm to swim through liquids

Male System – ventral viewMale System – ventral view

Male System – front viewMale System – front view

Male Reproductive Male Reproductive SystemSystemSeminiferouSeminiferou

s tubuless tubules-produces produces immature sperm immature sperm cellscells

SeminaSeminal l vesiclevesicle

-secretes fructose into secretes fructose into the semen, which the semen, which provides energy for the provides energy for the spermsperm

EpididymisEpididymis -matures and stores matures and stores sperm cells in coiled sperm cells in coiled tubulestubules

TestesTestes -produces sperm cellsproduces sperm cells-produces the hormone produces the hormone testosteronetestosterone

Vas Vas DeferensDeferens

-carries sperm from carries sperm from the epididymis to its the epididymis to its junction with the junction with the urethraurethra

Male Reproductive Male Reproductive System Cont.System Cont.

Cowper’Cowper’s glands gland

-secretes mucous-rich secretes mucous-rich fluids into the semen fluids into the semen that may protect the that may protect the sperm from acids in sperm from acids in the urethrathe urethra

Prostate Prostate glandgland

-secretes an alkaline secretes an alkaline buffer into the semen buffer into the semen to protect the sperm to protect the sperm from the acidic from the acidic environment of the environment of the vaginavagina

PenisPenis -deposits sperm into the deposits sperm into the vagina during vagina during ejaculationejaculation-contains the urethracontains the urethra

UrethraUrethra -carries semen during carries semen during ejaculationejaculation-carries urine from the carries urine from the bladder to the exterior bladder to the exterior of the bodyof the body

Female System – side viewFemale System – side view

Female System – ventral Female System – ventral viewview

Female Reproductive Female Reproductive SystemSystemOvariesOvaries -produces the hormones produces the hormones

estrogen and estrogen and progesteroneprogesterone-site of ova (egg cell) site of ova (egg cell) development and development and ovulationovulation

FimbriaFimbria -sweep the ovum into sweep the ovum into the oviduct following the oviduct following ovulationovulation

Fallopian Fallopian tubes tubes (oviducts(oviducts))

-carry the ovum from carry the ovum from the ovary to the the ovary to the uterusuterus-usually the site of usually the site of fertilizationfertilization

Female Reproductive Female Reproductive System Cont.System Cont.VaginVaginaa

-extends from the cervix extends from the cervix to the external to the external environmentenvironment-provides a passageway provides a passageway for sperm and menstrual for sperm and menstrual flowflow-functions as the birth functions as the birth canalcanal

Uterus Uterus (wom(womb)b)

-Involved in Involved in menstruationmenstruation-Pear-shaped organ in Pear-shaped organ in which the embryo and which the embryo and the fetus developthe fetus develop

CervixCervix -separates the vagina separates the vagina from the uterusfrom the uterus-holds the fetus in place holds the fetus in place during pregnancyduring pregnancy-dilates during birth to dilates during birth to allow the fetus to leave allow the fetus to leave the uterusthe uterus