Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley...
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![Page 1: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid
BTEX Components in Drinking Water
Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec Morrison
![Page 2: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Hydraulic Fracturing?
- Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) pumps chemicals into the ground to extract natural gases from the earth.
- Once in the soil, they can become contaminants in our groundwater supply.
![Page 3: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fracking Rig
![Page 4: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Also...
- Hydraulic Fracturing is a relatively new process
- So... information on this topic is limited & often
biased depending on affiliations.
https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcReD2AZgBz3-1q4iiFaFM9vE2aNrhEAv59nsDLJY0ntMKRJQhm7qA
![Page 5: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hydraulic Fracturing is on an Upward Trend!
http://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/HF_Study__Plan_110211_FINAL_508.pdf
![Page 6: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Where does Fracking exist?
![Page 7: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
More details on "Fracking"
-Process entails drilling a well deep into shale that contains natural gas.
-Injected with a high pressure mixture of water, sand and chemical solutions.
-Although the goal is for the solution to remain deep in the ground
-This could lead to both acute and chronic exposures to these chemicals.
National Geographic: Breaking Fuel from the Rock
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Did you know?
Many of the chemical compounds that are commonly used in hydraulic fracturing are already regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act & Clean Air Act!
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7PECGW_wAME/To7ubwfB_OI/AAAAAAAAGlw/5NjFFmpb9VQ/s1600/000.png
![Page 9: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
So how is Fracking even legal?
- An exemption referred to as the “Halliburton Loophole Act.”
- The permanent underground injection of chemicals used for hydraulic fracturing is not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency unless diesel is used.(EPA, 2001)
![Page 10: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It's concerning because...
-the EPA has identified many common chemical components known to have multiple negative health impacts.
-These include BTEX compounds (Benzene, Tolulene, Ethylbenzene & Xylene)
- classified as unsafe under the Safe Water Drinking Act, Clean Air Act and are potentially carcinogenic.
-these are VOCs so avoiding consumption does not necessarily protect you
- definite reason for concern, further study & legislation.
-Many people get water from drinking wells that are located above fracking sites, and many chemicals and gasses can leach up to contaminate them!
![Page 11: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Water Wells in comparison to Fracking Wells
http://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/HF_Study__Plan_110211_FINAL_508.pdf
- EPA Plan to Study the PotentialImpacts of Hydraulic Fracturingon Drinking Water Resource
- Using groundwater monitoring wells for contaminant testing
![Page 12: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Our Focus:
- BTEX compounds in hydraulic fracturing fluid and their proven impacts/health effects on humans.
- Possible exposure pathways and probability/level of risk for people
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Pathways of Exposure
-Inhalation of VOC's
-Contact with skin (dermal)
-Ingestion (via consumption of drinking water)
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Lethal Doses of BTEX in Mice
http://www.springerlink.com/content/h377437740432527/
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Possible health effects of Benzene
http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/benzene.cfm
- Highly flammable -Is classified under SDWA, is a HAP & carcinogenic -EPA has set an enforceable regulation for benzene, called a maximum contaminant level (MCL), at 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb.
- Found in:- crude oil- gasoline - cigarette smoke
Chronic exposure can lead to:- anemia - decrease in blood platelets- may have an increased risk of getting cancer
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Possible Health Effects of Toluene
http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/toluene.cfm
- Used in the production of benzene and urethane
- Is classified under the SDWA and is a HAP
- Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) = 1 milligram per Liter (mg/L) or 1 parts per million (ppm)
Chronic exposure can lead to problems in the:
- Nervous system- Kidneys- Liver
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Possible health effects of Ethyl Benzene
http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/upload/mcl-2.pdf
- Chronic exposure can lead to:
- liver or kidney problems.
- Is classified under the SDWA and is a HAP
- Exposure can be ototoxic (impairs auditory functions)
![Page 18: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Possible health effects of Xylene
http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/4/331.full.pdf+html
http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/xylenes.cfm
- Produced from petroleum or coal tar- Is classified under the SDWA and is a HAP
-Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)=10 milligrams per Liter (mg/L) or 10 parts per million (ppm)
- One of the most commonly used solvents in:
- Paint- Printing
- Chronic exposure can cause damage to the nervous system
![Page 19: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Gasland www.gaslandthemovie.com
![Page 21: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
http://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/HF_Study__Plan_110211_FINAL_508.pdf
The EPA says:
![Page 22: Human Health Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid BTEX Components in Drinking Water Ashley Andersen, Nicole Fenton, Alex Friedman, Kevin Jackson, Alec.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da65503460f94a92416/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
http://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/HF_Study__Plan_110211_FINAL_508.pdf
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