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Human Geography: China and Japan
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China
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Early HistoryOldest continuous civilizations: geographic isolation allowed them develop
Dynasty: a series of rulers from the same family
Lasted until 1911
Shi Huangdi of the Qin Dynasty…built most of the Great Wall and had an elaborate tomb with thousands of clay soldiers!
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The Great Wall of China More than 4,000 miles along China’s northern border with Mongolia, whom many conflicts occurred with.
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China: Revolution and Change
19th century: Controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan (sphere of influence)
Boxer Rebellion 1900: Chinese killed Europeans and Christians in China
(boxer: fists of righteous unity)
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Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong
Mid 20th Century, fighting occurs between:
Chiang Kai-shek, the Leader of the Nationalists (can have private ownership) &Mao Zedong: Leader of the Communists (no private ownership)
China becomes Communist!The People’s Republic of China
I win!
I’m heading to Taiwan.
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Fireworks, noodles, paper, gunpowder, compass, porcelain, silk, and printing all were invented by the Chinese
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Rural and Industrial Economies
Largely agricultural: 60% work on farms
What can explain why most of the people list in the east and not the west?
Manufacturing: abundant resources (coal, iron ore, oil)
Shanghai: One of the world’s great industrial centersTextiles, steel, consumer goods
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Confucius(551-479 BCE)
Considered China’s greatest philosopher
Men should be kind, tolerant, and love their elders and ancestors (filial piety)
Golden rule: “Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you.”
Confucianism – code of behavior Education, good manners, right morals, respect for others, love of tradition, obedience to one’s parents
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“Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes.”
“Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves.”
“Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.” “Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.”
“He who will not economize will have to agonize.”
“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”
“Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star.”
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TaoismPhilosophy based on the teachings of Lao-Tzu of China
Believes in everything being in harmony with nature
Government should leave people alone
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TAOISMTaoism is not a religion. Taoism is a philosophy, a way of looking at life and a way of thinking about things. Taoists believe if you look at life and think about things in the right way, you'll be much happier.
Taoists are firm believers in joy and laughter
“There is more to knowing than just being correct.”
“A clever mind is not a heart.”
Taoists believe it's very important to understand the way Things Are. This does not mean that there are not things we need to change about ourselves, but it's important to recognize and trust our own inner nature, and discover who we are
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BuddhismSpread from India
Many branches and different interpretations
Influences from Confucianism and Taoism
Buddhism in Tibet Tibet was an independent religious state led by the Dalai Lama The area was taken over by communist China and the Dalai Lama is currently in exile in India from there he is traveling the world to help free Tibet
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Population – China Over 1.6 billion people
Shanghai = 13.5 million
Beijing = 11.2 million (host of the 2008 summer Olympics)
Pollution consequences
Production needs to keep up with population
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Because of concerns about a rapidly expanding population, china in 1979 adopted a policy of one child per family. In addition, the country has age restrictions for marriage. A man must be 22 and a woman 20 before they can marry. Those policies have reduced China’s birthrate dramatically.
However, the government policy of one child per family has run into opposition. Rural families, in particular, feel the need for more than one child to help work on their farms. Because of these problems, the government has relaxed the one-child policy.
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Population
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Deng Xiaoping
Chinese ruler that instituted the “One Child Policy” in 1980
Positives?
Negatives?
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Japan
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Ancient Japan Not unified: hundreds of clans ruling separate territoriesProfessional soldiers called samurai served the interest of landowners and clan chiefs1192 Emperor creates military ruler = SHOGUN
Supported by SamuraiFought off Mongol invasion1868 last shogun resigns, all power to the emperor
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Economic Powerhouse
2nd to the United States in size of its economy
Manufacturing and trade at the heart of economy
Imports most of its natural resources
75% of people live in cities
How does contribute to their economy?
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Population of Japan Population = about 127 million
Very urbanized (3/4 of the people live in cities)
Tokyo – 13.6 million people
Cities are overcrowded and polluted
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Japan’s Recent Population ProblemsJapan’s population could plummet by more than 61 percent to just under 50 million in the next century.
○ More than 40% of their population will be above the age of 65 by then.
Why is this happening?
Japan is also not very culturally diverse
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Japanese Culture: Modern & Traditional
Shintoism – traditional Japanese religion (ancestor & nature worship)
Kabuki Theater: Dress in traditional clothing and have dramatic plays
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Japanese Architecture: Modern & Traditional
Pagoda: Architectural style derived from Buddhist temples
Capsule hotels in Japan provide tiny rooms for overnight guests
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Southeast Southeast AsiaAsia: : Physical & Human GeographyPhysical & Human Geography
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MyanmarLaos
Thailand
Vietnam
Cambodia
Malaysia
Singapore Indonesia
BruneiPhilippines
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Southeast Southeast Asia: Asia: Human GeographyHuman Geography
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History of Colonialism
Europeans colonized the area to use its vast resources to obtain wealth
The French colonized Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam; naming the area Indochina
Japan takes over around WWII
Some countries gained independence peacefully, Indonesia had to fight the Dutch for it
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VietnamWon independence from
French in 1954Split into
North Vietnam: communistSouth Vietnam: republic
N & S fought from 1957-1975 for control
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Vietnam War – 1957- 1975 1965: the US stepped in to prevent a
communist leader from taking over
The US withdrew in 1973 and the communist leader took over in 1975 North and south were now one country
(Vietnam)
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Phan Thị Kim Phúc, is the child depicted in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph taken during the Vietnam War on June 8, 1972. The iconic photo taken in Trang Bang by AP photographer Nick Ut shows her at about nine years of age running naked on a road after being severely burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm attack.
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Economics - TraditionalMost of SE Asia depends on
agricultureAgriculture rice (chief food
crop)Forestry teak (expensive
wood used in fancy & outdoor furniture)
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Why a lack of Industry for so long?Reasons:Vietnam War destroyed
factories & roadsFleeing of refugees =
reduced work forcePolitical turmoilExtreme weather
tsunamis
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Economics – Modern
ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations Promotes
economic growth and peace within the region
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Econ. – Modern Continued
Manufacturing and industry have grown rapidly since the 1960sSoutheast Asia is now a major
industrial center for clothing & electronic products
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Effects of Industrialization Cities are growing, which causes people
to move to the cities (in search of jobs) Push-Pull Factors PUSH FACTORS:PUSH FACTORS: drive rural people from
their land Lost Resources, Scarcity of Land,
Population Growth PULL FACTORS:PULL FACTORS: attract people to cities
Industry and other benefits (education/gov. services)
***Due to the large numbers of immigrants, many cities are finding it difficultto deal with the growing populations.
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MOVEMENT Many rapidly growing Southeast Asian cities are overcrowded. That is one of several factors creating slums, such as this one in Jakarta, Indonesia. Why would high ratesof migration to cities cause overcrowding?
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Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!1st Primary jobs: get materials from the earth2nd Secondary jobs: turn materials into a
product3rd Tertiary jobs: sell product
What sector do you think most Southeast Asian workers are working in? What about people in the U.S.?
Why?
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PLACE These Cambodianwomen work in a factorythat makes blue jeans forexport to the United Statesand Europe.Why do you suppose thisindustry hires so manywomen?
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Singapore
A financial center with tall skyscrapers and a busy bustling city center
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A Rich Mosaic of Culture
Southeast Asia has absorbed many influences from other regions and used them to create their own culture Religious Diversity
Buddhism is widespread in the region
Philippines is mostly Catholic (as a result of Spanish rule),
Indonesia and Brunei are mostly Muslim
Hinduism and other traditional local beliefs are also practiced
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Industrial Output of SE Asia Cartogram p. 733
1) What is a cartogram? 2) How do cartograms represent quantity? 3) Why might cartograms be a useful ancillary to
conventional maps? 4) According to the cartogram, how much industrial
output does Thailand have? 5) Which country or countries seem to have a small
industrial output compared to their actual size? 6) Which country or countries seem to have a large
industrial output compared to their actual size?