Human Factor & Vehicle Dynamics2

7/31/2019 Human Factor & Vehicle Dynamics2

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HUMAN FACTOR

ergonomics

Peoples Abilities (Conditions)

Alcohol Fatigue

Stress

Time of day


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Human Response Process

I. Visual ReceptionVISUAL AQUITY is the ability of an observerto resolve fine details of an object

*Visual angle () of a given target is given as

L = diameter of the target (letter or symbol)D = distance from eye to target the same units asL


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Types of VISUAL ACUITY

STATIC ACUITY

Factors

: background brightness [ 30 candela (cd)/m^2ft]

: contrast

: time (.5 and 1 s)


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DYNAMIC ACUITY

Factor: sign display (legibility standard)

*Variable Message Signs (VMSs) or ChangeableMessage Signs (CMSs)

Factor

: resolution

: luminance

: contrast: glare protection


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II. Peripheral Vision

Ability of an individual to see

objects beyond the cone ofclearest vision

Clear vision (conical angle of 3-5)

Fairly Vision (conical angle 10-12)


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III. Walking Speed

Walking speeds (.9 and 1.8 m/s)Males (1.5 m/s)

Females (1.4m/s)

Factors: time of day

: air temperature

: presence of snow or ice

: trip purpose

: age (lower walking speed .9m/s)


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IV. Perception Reaction Time

It is the period of time between the time adriver perceives an obstruction and thetime action is taken to avoid the object

Factors

: distance to the object

: drivers visual acuity

: ability of the driver to react

: type of obstruction


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assenger e av orCharacteristics in

Transportation Terminals Physiological Characteristics relate

mainly to the perceived comfort of thepassenger.

Psychological Characteristics relate tothe perceived safety of the passengers,who must feel that it is safe if they are

expected to use a transportation terminal


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VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Vehicle dynamics refers tothe dynamics of vehicles, here assumedto be ground vehicles.

Vehicle dynamics is a partof engineering primarily basedon classical mechanics but it may also

involve chemistry, solid statephysics, electrical

engineering, communications, psychology, control theory, etc.


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St ti ti Ch t i ti f


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Statistic Characteristics ofAutomobiles


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St ti ti Ch t i ti f


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Statistic Characteristics ofAirplanes

maximum take-off weight can be

as low as 7kN for the Cesna-150

and as high as 3800 kN for theBoeing 747-400.

can be classified : transport aircraftand general aviation aircraft


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Airport References Code, Static Characteristics andApproach Speeds of Different Airplanes


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Static Characteristic of Railroad

Locomotives

Electric

Diesel-electric


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Static Characteristics of Somecruise Ships

Dynamic Characteristic of

Transportation Vehicles

The air in front of and around avehicle in motion causes resistance tothe movement of the vehicle, and the

force required to overcome thisresistance is known as air resistance


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Static Characteristic of Boat


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Where :

= air resistance in force (N)

P = density of air (1.227 g/m^3) at sea level :less at higher elevations

= aerodynamics drag coefficient (currentaverage value for passenger cars is 0.4, fortrucks this value ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 but atypical value is 0.5)

A = frontal cross-sectional area (m^2)u = speed of automobile (km/h)g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s^2)

CHARACTERISTICS OF


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CHARACTERISTICS OFTRANSPORTATION

1. Human-powered

2. Animal-powered

3. Air

4. Rail

5. Road

6. Water

7. Other modes

FREIGHT AND MOVEMENT


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FREIGHT AND MOVEMENTOF PEOPLE

Human Factor & Vehicle Dynamics2

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