Human Body Systems

Chapter 35th Grade Science

The Body’s Transportation System

• A ___________ is a group of smaller parts working together to get a job done

• The body has a transportation system to move _______ and _________ to each cell

• The transportation system also takes the cells _________ away.

• The transportation system of the body is the _________________

system

food oxygen

waste

Circulatory system

The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system includes: – _________– _________– ________________

Each part of the system has __________ that helps it perform its necessary function.

structure

heart

blood

Blood vessels

The circulatory system consists of THREE elements

Functions of the Blood

• _________has several different parts, each part has a different function

• The biggest part of the blood is made up of a liquid called _________.

• The cells in the body depend on the plasma to carry food from the ____________ to the cells

• Cells get _________ from the plasma• _________moves other important chemicals

and hormones around the body

plasma

water

Digestive system

Plasma

Blood

Blood Cells

• There are three types of blood cells:– Red blood cells– White Blood Cells – Platelets

• Cells need oxygen to get energy from _______.• ___________ are bright red when they are

carrying _________.• After the cells give the oxygen to the cells that

need it, their color changes to ________ red.

food

oxygen

dark

Red Blood Cells

Parts of the Blood

• _______________ protect the body against germs and harmful things

• The number of white blood cells is always changing – the body will make more white blood cells when it needs to ________ infection.

• _____________ are pieces of cells that float in the blood• _____________help to stop bleeding by clotting• ___________ makes up more than half of the blood• ______________ make up a little less than half of the blood• ________________ and ______________ make up a very

small portion of the blood.

White blood cells

fightplateletsplateletsplasma

Red Blood cells

White Blood Cells platelets

Types of Blood CellsRed Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

Form Shaped like discs with a dimple on each side

Different shapes and sizes that change as they work

Not complete cells

Function Carry oxygen to the rest of the body

Protect your body from germs and other harmful things

Form blood clots

Disorder Sickle-cell anemia – blood cells are shaped like a crescent moon. They do not carry oxygen as well as they should.

Leukemia is a type of cancer where the person’s white blood cells do not form correctly and their numbers increase too quickly

An embolism is a clot that floats freely in the blood and can block a vessel

Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

• __________can be thought of as highways that your blood uses to move through your body.

• Three kinds of blood vessels:– ____________– ____________– _____________Each different blood vessel has a different

___________ that helps it do its job.

Blood Vessels

arteriescapillariesVeins

Structure

Arteries

• __________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

• Arteries have ________, muscular walls that stretch when the heart pumps blood to it.

• Arteries branch into smaller and smaller tubes until they branch into the smallest blood vessel in the body, the ________.

Arteries

thick

capillaries

Capillaries

• The walls of the capillaries are only one _____ thick.• The tubes are so narrow that ____________ must

travel in a single file line through them• _____ can easily pass through these thin walls• ______ moves from the blood into the capillaries to

the cells• _____________ and other wastes go in the opposite

direction from oxygen through the capillaries

cell

red blood cells

Gasesoxygen

Carbon dioxide

Veins

• Capillaries join together to form _________• _____ carry blood from cells back to the heart• The tiny veins formed by the capillaries join many

times to form larger ____• Veins have _____-flaps that act like doors to keep

blood flowing in one direction.• Arteries and capillaries do not have ________• The pumping of the heart keeps blood flowing in the

right direction through the capillaries and arteries.

veinsveins

veins.valves

valves

COOL FACTThe network of blood vessels in the average adult human measures over 60,000 miles! If unraveled, it could wrap around the Earth’s equator over two times!

Arteries & Veins• The largest ARTERY in the body is the

AORTA, which carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body (except for the lungs).

 • The two largest VEINS in the body are the

superior and inferior VENA CAVA, which carry blood toward the heart from the rest of the body (except for the lungs).

The HeartThe word “cardio” is Greek for “HEART”The human heart (as with other mammals and birds) consists of 4 chambers

Chambers of the HeartThere are two

ATRIA, or upper chambers.

There are two VENTRICLES, or lower chambers.