Chapter 10 Blood The Body’s Drink!!
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Blood The Body’s Drink!!
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Chapter 10Chapter 10
BloodBloodThe Body’s Drink!!The Body’s Drink!!
Anatomy and Physiology
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Blood - IntroductionBlood - Introduction
Blood – a type of connective tissue that consists of cells and cell fragments surrounded by a liquid matrix.
The liquid portion is the plasma.Total blood volume for avg. adult female =
4 to 5 liters and avg. adult male = 5 to 6 LBlood makes up about 8% of total body
weight
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Functions of BloodFunctions of Blood
Transports oxygen, nutrients, enzymes, and hormones
Transports CO2 and waste products away from tissue
Maintains body temperatureMaintains body fluids
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Blood FactsBlood Facts
Oxygen enters blood in the lungs and CO2 enters blood from tissues.
95% of the volume of blood consist of RBC or erythrocytes
5% consists of WBC or leukocytes and cell fragments called platelets or thrombocytes
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Blood GroupingBlood Grouping
Blood groups are determined by antigens on the surface of RBC.
Antigens are moleculesAntibodies will bind to the antigens
resulting in agglutination or hemolysis or RBC.
Agglutination – clumping of RBCHemolysis – rupture of RBC
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ABO Blood GroupABO Blood Group
Blood is categorized by the ABO Blood group system
ABO antigens appear on the surface of RBC
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Blood TypesBlood Types
Type A Blood – A antigenType B Blood – B antigenType AB Blood – A and B antigenType O Blood – does not have A or B
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Population DistributionPopulation Distribution
Type A – 41%Type B – 10%Type AB – 4%Type O – 45%
Rh+ - 85%Rh- - 15%
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Blood TypesBlood Types
Type A Blood – B antibodies Type B Blood – A antibodies Type AB Blood – does not have A
or B Type O Blood – has A and B
Mismatching Blood groups can result in transfusion reaction.
Determine blood type video
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Blood Typing VideoBlood Typing Video
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Rh Blood GroupRh Blood Group
Another blood group that was first studied in the Rhesus monkey.
Rh+ - Rh antigens on RBC Rh- - Rh antigens are not present Can cause a problem in pregnancy if mother is
Rh- and baby is Rh+ Mother will make antibodies against the baby Prevention – mother gets shot of Rho immune
globulin
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ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Disc shaped Live ~ 120 days in
males and 110 days in females
Transport oxygen and remove CO2
Contain hemoglobin – pigment – red color
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ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is bright red in color
Hemoglobin that is without oxygen is darker red
~2/3 of body’s iron is found in hemoglobin
No nucleus
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History of RBCHistory of RBC
~2.5 million RBC are destroyed every second
New RBC are produced as quickly as they are destroyed
Hematopoiesis – process of blood cell production
Low blood oxygen level will cause RBC production
Blood cells are formed in red marrow in bones
Jaundice – a build up of bilirubin in circulation causing a yellow skin color
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Types of Bone MarrowTypes of Bone Marrow
Red Marrow – found in spongy bone and forms WBC, RBC, and platelets
Yellow Marrow – composed of fat and is not capable of blood cell formation
After age 20, blood formation occurs in humerus, femur, cranium, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae
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LeukocytesLeukocytes
White blood cells Spherical shape Whitish color because
they lack hemoglobin Large than RBC Have a nucleus Protects against
microorganisms If person’s WBC count is
high - infection
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2 Major Types of Leukocytes2 Major Types of Leukocytes
Granulocytes – contain large cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes – contain small granules
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3 Kinds of Granulocytes3 Kinds of Granulocytes
Neutrophils – most common type
Remains is blood ~
10 – 12 hours Dead cell debris forms
pus at site of infection Eosinophils – release
chemicals that reduce inflammation
Basophils – help regulate inflammatory response
Release histamine = promotes inflammation
Release heparin – prevents clots
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2 Types of Agranulocytes2 Types of Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes – smallest
Plays important role in body’s immune system
Produces antibodies
Monocytes – largest After they leave the
blood and into the tissue – they become macrophages
Macrophages – destroy bacteria, dead cells, and other debris
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PlateletsPlatelets
Thrombocytes – minute fragments of cells
Produced in red marrow
Prevent blood loss by causing blood clotting
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Preventing Blood LossPreventing Blood Loss
Blood vessels constrict in response to injury, resulting in decreased blood flow.
A platelet plug is produced to seal off the wound
Serotonin is released to cause the blood vessels to constrict.
Blood clot – thrombus Embolus – detached clot A heart attack can occur
from blockage of blood vessels that supply blood to heart
Streptokinase and aspirin can be given to break down the clot
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TransfusionsTransfusions
Transfusion – transfer of bloodDonor – person who gives bloodRecipient – person who receives bloodUniversal Donor – Type O BloodUniversal Recipient – Type AB Blood
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Complete Blood CountComplete Blood Count
CBC – complete blood countAnalysis of RBC, hemoglobin, and WBCRBC – male – 4.6 to 6.2 million/mm3Female – 4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3WBC – 5000 – 9000/mm3
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Hemoglobin MeasurementHemoglobin Measurement
Determined amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood
Male – 14 to 18 grams/100mLFemale – 12 to 16 grams/100mLLow hemoglobin – anemia – low RBC