HUMAN ANATOMY

Chapter 1 Lecture

Chapter 7The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

Chapter 7 Lecture

Introduction

• The appendicular skeleton is involved in changing your position in the external environment. – Standing– Walking– Sitting– Dressing– Driving a car

Figure 7.1 The Appendicular Skeleton

Introduction

The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb

• Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the flattened scapula (shoulder blade).

• The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubrium; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.

• The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.

Figure 7.3 The Clavicle

The Clavicle

Figure 7.5a,b,c The Scapula

The Scapula

Figure 7.5d,e,f The Scapula

The Scapula

supraspinous fossasuperior bordersubscapular fossaacromioncoracoid processglenoid fossaspinemedial borderinfraspinous fossalateral borderinferior angleinfraglenoid tuberclesupraglenoid tubercle

The Upper Limb

• Consists of the:– Brachium (humerus)– Antebrachium (ulna and radius)– Wrist (carpals)– Hand (metacarpals and phalanges) 

Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus

The Humerus: Anterior

HumerusHeadmedial epicondyleanatomical necksurgical neckolecranon fossalateral epicondyleCapitulumgreater tubercleTrochlealesser tuberclecoronoid fossadeltoid tuberosityintertubercular groove

Figure 7.6d The Posterior Humerus

The Humerus: Posterior

Figure 7.7a The Posterior Forearm

The Ulna and Radius: Posterior

UlnaOlecranonstyloid processtrochlear notchcoronoid processradial notch

RadiusHeadRadial tuberositystyloid processulnar notch

Figure 7.7d The Anterior Forearm

The Ulna and Radius: Anterior

The Wrist and Hand

• The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist.

• The five metacarpal bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and make up the palm of the hand.

• The fourteen phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.

Hand

• SLTPTTCH

The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

• The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females.

• The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb.

• Consists of two ossa coxae bones. • The lower limb includes the thigh (femur),

kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).

Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle

The Pelvic Girdle

Iliumiliac crestauricular surfacegreater sciatic notchiliac fossaanterior superior iliac spineposterior superior iliac spineposterior inferior iliac spineanterior inferior iliac spine

Ischiumischial spineischial ramusischial tuberosity

Pubissuperior ramusinferior ramussymphysis pubispubic tubercle

Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle

The Pelvic Girdle

Figure 7.11a Anterior Pelvis Figure 7.11b Posterior Pelvis

The Pelvis

Figure 7.12a Superior Pelvis Figure 7.12c Inferior Pelvis

The Pelvis

The Pelvis: Male vs. Female

• The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences.– Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more

prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.

The Pelvis: Male vs. Female

• Characteristics of the female pelvis:– Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines– Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx– Wider, more circular pelvic inlet– Broader, lower pelvis– Widely fanning ilia– Pubic angle greater than 100°

Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur

The Femur: Anterior

FemurHeadNeckgreater trochanterlesser trochanterintercondylar fossapatellar surfacelinea asperafovea capitismedial condylelateral condyleintertrochanteric lineintertrochanteric crest

Figure 7.14d The Posterior Femur

The Femur: Posterior

Figure 7.15 The Patella

The Patella

Figure 7.16a The Anterior Tibia and Fibula

The Tibia and Fibula: Anterior

Tibialateral condylemedial condyletibial tuberosityintercondylar eminencemedial malleolusfibular notch

FibulaHeadlateral malleolusshaft

Figure 7.16d The Posterior Tibia and Fibula

The Tibia and Fibula: Posterior

The Ankle and Foot

• Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle. • The five metatarsal bones articulate with

the distal tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot.

• The fourteen phalanges of the foot make up the toe bones.

Foot

TarsalsTalusCalcaneusCuboidnavicularcuneiforms - 1st, 2nd, 3rd

3 Arches