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Transcript of Http:// Web based supervisory control and data acquisition Thomas Dreyer (RACOS) David Leal (CAESAR...
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Web based supervisory control and data acquisition
Thomas Dreyer (RACOS)David Leal (CAESAR Systems)Andrea Schröder (FGH)Michael Schwan (FGH)
2nd International Semantic Web Conference, October 2003
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ScadaOnWeb Project partners
Caesar - Caesar Systems Limited
Cygnus - Cygnus Engineering AG
Bacher - Bacher Consulting
LABEIN - Fundacion Labein
SEfAS - Sintef Energy Research
FGH - Forschungsgemeinschaft für Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.V.
RACOS - Racos Technische Informationssysteme
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Our objective
To put SCADA data on the web So that SCADA data can be handled by cheap software Low cost applications for which dedicated SCADA systems are not affordable
The opportunity A semantically precise SCADA object Open source software to access it
defined by the project
written by the project
Validated by project demonstrators
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Requirements for the technology
SCADA systems are different because they handle large amounts of data - gigabytes
The data is structured into arrays of different dimensions for each time point there is a 1D array of 1000 measurements 10000 time points gives a 2D array (100001000)
Efficiency requires maintenance of the array structures - no ‘confetti’ data numbers held as binary format
Use over the web requires XML for the semantics of the data ontologies for the measurement process - e.g. sampling rates ontologies for physical properties, physical quantities and units ontologies for measurement quality
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variables
Structured semantic data block
positionsstates/times
semantics
gigabytes of structured
data
extract and download subsets
acknowledgements toacknowledgements to
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7OWL
What we definedsystem
definition
propertyontology
measurementquality ontology
unitsontology
self describingmeasurement object
• compact binary data block• full semantics• measurement qualityHDF5 binary data
OWL semantic wrapper
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HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format - version 5)
Standard for the exchange of structured binary datasets developed by NCSA used for NASA and ESA for satellite telemetry used for oil exploration data
Exchange of binary data between computers access library availably on many different types callable from C, Fortran, and Java
Range of tools for data addition and extraction; display and editing interface to and from XML
But the HDF5 tools do not know about the meaning of the data
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Demonstrators
Flood warning system based upon many remote sensors
Flexible metering of domestic and small industrial consumers
Data sharing within a balance group in the energy market
Control of distributed wind and hydro electricity generation
Condition based maintenance of remote equipment
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Brig, Switzerland, September 23, 1993
© C. Heinen, 1993© C. Heinen, 1993
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© G. Escher 1993© G. Escher 1993
Brig, Switzerland, September 1993
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Different presentations - graphs
3 different weeks3 different weeks
3 different mondays3 different mondays
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Monitoring data of transformers
41%
19%3%
12%
13%
12%
Tap changer Winding Core Bushing Tank Supplementary device
Failure rates of transformers with tap changers:(CIGRE failure statistic)
Sensors of transformers
General Active part/insulating oil
Oil expan-sion vessel
Cooling system Tap changer/motor drive
Bushing / currenttransformer
real-time gas content andcomposition
oil level oil flow rate position of thetap changer /number ofoperating cycles
operating voltageand current
airtemperature
oil humidity air humidity oil temperature infront of andbehind the cooler
input power ofthe motor drive
overvoltage andovercurrents
air pressure oil temperature temperature ofcooling medium
operation time ofthe motor
capacitive currentof the capacitorcontrol
air humidity oil level of theBuchholz relay
condition ofpumps and fans
PD-signal
hot-spot-recording
oil pressure of thebushing
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Fundamentals of the technology
Formal approach to engineering data based upon ISO 15926 a design is a Class
Physical property, quantity and scale a physical quantity is a member of a physical quantity space a physical quantity space is the domain of a scale
Product, activity and state 4D world view
Measurement quality quality is a measurement of the measurement system
Distribution a distribution is a Property
Descriptions of a distribution described by a numerical table stored as HDF5
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Designs are classes
crankshaft
V6 crankshaft
Rover 75 crankshaft
Rover 75 crankshaft rev1.2
rotating part
engine part
machined-surface part
unmachined-surface part
part with oil holes
cast iron
SG cast iron crankshaft
SG cast iron
SG cast iron grade XYZ
<Class ID=“Rover75Crankshaft”> <subClassOf resource=“...#V6Crankshaft”/> <subClassOf resource=“...#SGCastIronCrankshaft”/> <subClassOf resource=“...#PartWithOilHoles”/> </Class>
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‘Members’ of a design
Rover 75 crankshaft rev1.2
The crankshaft in test T_1234The crankshaft in test T_1234member of class
<Product ID=“crankshaftInTestT_1234”> <type resource=“...#Rover75CrankshaftRev1.2”/></Product>
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Definition of design classes
length in range9.99 to 10.01 m
material S_1234
XYZ_123
<Class ID=“XYZ_123”> <intersectionOf parseType=“Collection”> <Class about=“10MetreWidget”/> <Class about=“S_1234”/> </intersectionOf></Class>
<Restriction ID=“10MetreWidget”> <onProperty resource=“widgetLength”/> <allValuesFrom resource=“10MetreWithTolerance”/> </intersectionOf></Restriction>
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Physical quantity as a class
The class called “10 Kg” has instants in the lives of material objects as members.
An instant in the life of a material object is a member if and only if it has 10 times the same inertial mass as the reference lump of platinum in Paris.
<ProductAtInstant ID=“MyWidgetat20031021T10:30”> <type resource=“MassOf10kg”/></ProductAtInstant>
But usually it is more complicated:
Vessel MassmassWhenEmpty
Physical propertyPhysical object Physical quantity<Product ID=“myVessel”> <massWhenEmpty resource=“MassOf10kg”/></Product>
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Getting units right
Mass Realkg
A unit or scale is a Property of a physical quantity.
<Class ID=“MassOf10kg”> <kg> <Real> <decimal>10.0</decimal> </Real> </kg></Class>
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Getting units right
Mass Realkg
A unit or scale is a Property of a physical quantity.
Vessel massWhenEmpty
<Class ID=“myVessel”> <massWhenEmpty> <Mass> <kg> <Real> <decimal>10.0</decimal> </Real> </kg> </Mass> </massWhenEmpty</Class>
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A measurement system at an instant
physical system
measurementsystem
partOf
physical systemat instant
measurementsystem at instant
partOf
instantOf
instantOf
measured property
measured system quality
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IEC 61850 Measurement quality
Validity
DetailQual
Source
TestStatus
OperatorBlockedStatus
OverflowStatus
OutOfRangeStatus
BadReferenceStatus
OscillatoryStatus
FailureStatus
OldDataStatus
InconsistencyStatus
Good Questionable Invalid
Overflow NotOverflow
OutOfRange NotOutOfRange
BadReference NotBadReference
Oscillatory NotOscillatory
Failure NotFailure
OldData NotOldData
Inconsistent NotInconsistent
Process Default Substituted
Test NotTest
OperatorBlocked NotOperatorBlocked
Space Allowed values
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Temperature, time and validity
<ProductAtInstant> <instantOfProduct resource="#myMeasurementSystem"/>
<measuredTemperature> <ThermodynamicTemperature> <celsius> <Real><decimal>27.5</decimal></Real> </celsius> </ThermodynamicTemperature> </measuredTemperature>
<measuredTime> <Time> <utc> .... </utc> </Time> </measuredTime>
<measuredValidity> <Validity about=”.../iec61850Quality.owl#Good"/> </measuredValidity>
</ProductAtInstant>
the temperature
the time
the validity
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Things in the real world
space
timeProduct Product Life Segment
(activity)Product At Instant
(state)
its identifierwhat type it ishow it is connected
when: from --> tomaximum flow ratetotal flowaverage flow rate
when: atflow rate at instant
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Distributions
time
flow rate
sampling decomposition
time
total flow in period
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Array of sensors at an instant
temperature
For each sensor at an instant in the set there is a temperature
my sensor atinstant set
temperature
my distribution
sensor atinstant
measuredTemperature
subclass subproperty
<Property ID=“measuredTemperature”> <domain resource=“...#Sensor”/> <range resource=“...#ThermodynamicTemperature”/></Prperty>
<Property ID=“myDistribution”> <subPropertyOf resource=“#measuredTemperature”/> <domain resource=“...#MySensorAtInstantSet”/></Property>
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Array of sensors at an instant
temperature
For each sensor at instant in the set there is a temperature and quality
my sensor atinstant set
temperature andquality space
my distribution
For each integer there is a real and quality identifier
1 to20 real and integer vectorarray
parameterisation: numbering of the sensors
scale: Celsius and representation of quality by an integer vector
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Semantics and mathematical description
HDF5
XMLdomain of distribution
physical quantitydistribution (field)
maths space maths spacemaths function
parameterisation scale: unitscoordinate system
description
product(instrument)
sampling or decomposition
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Structured data block
variables
positionsstates/times
semantics
gigabytes of structured
data
extract and download subsets
acknowledgements toacknowledgements to
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External reference to HDF5
<PhysicalDistribution ID=“myDistribution”>
<subPropertyOf resource=”... #measuredTemperature"/>
<domain resource="#mySensorSetAt10.30"/> <range resource=”...#ThermodynamicTemperature"/> <compositionOf> <PhysicalDistributionDescriptionVector> <hasTerms parseType=“Collection”>
<InverseParameterisation>...<InverseParameterisation> <SymbolTable about=“.../myfile.hdf5”/>
<InverseScale>...</InverseScale> </hasTerms> </PhysicalDistributionDescriptionVector> </compositionOf>
</PhysicalDistribution>
the property
the object that has it
the data order
the data
the units
the data
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properties(ISO 15926)SCADA
ISO 15926 maths
ScadaOnWebOntologies OWL (with RDF and RDFS)
physical object
decompositionand sampling
distributionand description
physical quantityspaces
SI units
time
IEC 61850 quality
structure number and text
W3C
physical propertyquantity and scale
demonstrator ontologies
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Next steps
Automated decision making Now – predefined alert (e-mail or txt message) template implemented by
explicit code Future – alert criteria defined by a rule base
Make the semantic measurement object stick as an industry standard Publication of measurement ontologies as annexes to existing ISO/IEC
standards Process industry – links to ISO 15926 (Life cycle data for process plant) Electricity transmission grid control standards National energy management standards Open source semantic measurement software
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Flood warning demonstrator prototype
http://www.scadaonweb.com/demonstrators.html