http://www.haverford.edu/library/special/scap

Work backwards: where would you like to be in two years?Motivations:

• Preservation • Distribution and Access

Students Researchers Community

Identify who has stake in this project... ... and the return they expect to see on their investment.

The Project

• What do you prioritize? • What file format will you migrate towards?• What quality will you aim for?• Will you distribute on or off-line? • What quality control procedure does each format require?

Each of these decisions has an associated cost

Policy Decisions

Equipment cost Staff / training Processing time Disc space “Intimidation” factor

Collection• Spoken word • Reel (mostly mono, 1/2 track)

Priority• Speed (immediate migration from tape)• Cost efficiency• Distribution to community

@ Haverford

Is tough…

Consider 3 main factors:• Labor• Storage Costs• Equipment

Hidden cost: preservation & quality control

Cost Estimation

Calculate a “labor multiplier”

Factors: • “Load time” to recorder / editor (often real-time)

• Special care

• Editing

• Burn to CD-R and upload to a server

Labor

Example: 1 HR Reel

5 MIN

1 HR

20 MIN

½ HR} ~ 2 HRS

CD-R• 700 MB• Mitsui Gold is the standard• Include a rough cost for space in the vault• Patron copies?• Consider QC and migration costs

Storage Costs

Hard Disc• Generally a per-gigabyte fee charged by IT department• Estimate the total space needed (5Mb / monaural minute)• Think about the collection's rate of growth• Ensure reasonable backup policies are in place• How will access to data be provided?

Storage Costs

Off-site• Vendor arrangements • Include safety & growth considerations above

Computer• 3.4 MHz Pentium 4• 40 gigabyte HD; 44.1kHz sampling and 16-bit is a lot of data!• Noise reduction is especially processor-intensive• CD-burner

Equipment

Sound Card• Quality does matter • EchoMia

Software• Sound Forge• Multitrack capability is not important...• ...batch processing is.• Wide file format compatability • Available noise reduction and equalization algorithms

Equipment

Monitors• Headphones are excellent • Normal computer speakers will not cut it

• Consider Fostex PM-1 monitors• Sennheiser HD25 Headphones

Total: [ $2,500 ]

Playback Devices• Your needs will vary• Speak with your audio-visual staff!• ... and your music faculty• Almost all of these devices have tuning needs• Can you trade calibration for use?

Equipment

Hippocratic Oath Applies: Whatever your preservation strategy: first, do no

harm!

• DescriptiveResource discovery (e.g., MARC, Dublin Core, RLG Reach)

• AdministrativeDate of creation Unique/persistent identifiersCustody historyRights information

Metadata

• Structural Internal organization of the digital object

• Technical Original audio file vs. its digital representation / reproduction

• Preservation for long term maintenance: Format, structure and use of digital content History of all actions performed on the resource

Metadata

Climate issues:

Preservation

• Media should be refreshed (replicated) on a regular cycle• Preservation is not a guarantee of immutability• Migration or emulation leads to another round of maintenance of bit stream integrity

Preservation

What is a “Trusted Repository?”• LOCKSS• Regular quality control• Tracking & securing copyright• Open source formats• Data security• ... these considerations are adding up!

All Together...

The Open Archives Information System • An administrative, more than a technical solution• Does not have to be a software solution... ....but software can certainly help.

• D-Space• Standardized procedures for:

• Submission and ingest of data• Rights management • Data management and emergency recovery• Quality control

OAIS

• Completeness• Fidelity and faithfulness to original; noise reduction not on original • All files open and play

Quality Control

On the Haverford SCAP Project:• Checked physical condition of each CD (no scratches)• Checked number of tracks, ensured it matched what was listed in the database• Checked beginning & end of each track to be sure entire program is present• Checked that end of one track flowed smoothly into the next track• Picked random spot on any track, listened continuously for 3 minutes• Made sure you could hear all voices listed to be on a CD• Checked that CD & jewel case properly labeled• Checked that CD was finalized (play factor)• Recorded any factors outside these parameters

Quality Control

Checksums:• Record a file’s digital “signature” for later comparison against:

• Corruption • Modification • Overwrites

• D-Space generates checksums automatically• Cannot be saved for audio CD-Rs

Quality Control

Fair Use• Purpose and character of use (commercial or educational)• Amount and substantiality of portion• Effect on potential use • Nature of work

Copyright

Copyright Law for Sound Recordings• Recordings before Feb. 15, 1972 protected by state laws, which vary, but all end no later than 2067• Recordings after Feb. 15, 1972 protected by federal copyright statute• Published recordings made between Feb. 15, 1972 and 1978: protected 95 years; unpublished: covered by state law• Recordings made between 1978 – present for published & unpublished: life + 70 years or 95 years from publication• In public domain: works published between Jan. 1, 1978 – Mar. 1, 1989 without copyright notice; & works made by US government• Possible owner of copyright: interviewee, composer, performer

Copyright

Where do we go from here?• What can we save? Consider…

• Patron demand• Preservation needs • Funding• Staff ability• Equipment ability• Reformatting one demand

• Collection development: Expanding the scope of the project

Future Work

• Funding• There is much to be done• Personnel and open source

• The goal: more open access to living history

Future Work

SCAP50 : Dean Lockwood [ streaming | download ]

http://www.haverford.edu/library/special/scap/