Hsc 340
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Transcript of Hsc 340
HSC 340 9-2-10
• What is cancer?• Tumor Classification• Detection• Staging• Treatment • Patterns of spread• Prognosis• Radiation Oncology Team
What is cancer?
• Cancer Initiation:– Abnormal cellular proliferation/Mutations
• Caused by:EnvironmentRadiationTobaccoGeneticsChemicalsInfectious Agents
Tumor Growth
• Cell Cycle– G0, G1, S, G2, M– YouTube - Cell Cycle
• Normal– Balance between replication and dying of cells
• Tumor growth– Imbalance between replication and dying of
cells
Classification(Ch. 1 Pg 5)
• Benign– Well differentiated– Do not metastasize– Do not invade
• Malignant– Well differentiated to undifferentiated– Can metastasize– Can invade
Types of cancers
• Carcinomas
• Sarcomas
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma and myeloma
• CNS cancers
Detection
• Screening Examinations– Physical exams
• DRE
– Laboratory tests• Pap smear, fecal occult blood tests, PSA
– Imaging procedures• Mammograms, colonoscopies
– Genetic tests
• Awareness
Staging
• TNM– T size or extent of tumor– N lymph node status– M presence or extent of metastasis
• Surgical staging
• Grade of tumor
Treatment
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy (table 1-5)
• Radiation Therapy– External Beam– Brachytherapy
• Immunotherapy
Patterns of Spread(Ch. 1 pg.18)
• Blood, Lymphatic, Seeding
• Depends on site of primary– Prostate (Bone, Liver, Lungs)– Breast (Lungs, Bone, Brain)– Lung (Liver, adrenal glands, bone, brain
• Video: How cancer spreads - MayoClinic.com
Prognosis
• Estimation of life expectancy
• Based upon:– Natural History– Grade, Stage, and Tumor Size
Radiation Oncology Team
• Radiation Oncologist
• Radiation Physicist
• Dosimetrist
• Radiation Therapist
• Nurses
• Clerical Staff