HS-140: Pharmacology Week 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Dr. Straub.
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Transcript of HS-140: Pharmacology Week 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Dr. Straub.
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HS-140: PharmacologyWeek 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory SystemsDr. Straub
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Overview of Unit 5
Reading: Chapter 26: Respiratory System DisordersChapter 27: Circulatory System Disorders
Discussion Board
Seminar
Assignment
Make sure to read all announcements for complete details on weekly requirements!
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Respiration: The process of exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Upper respiratory tract: Nose Pharynx Larynx
Lower respiratory tract: Trachea Bronchial Tree Lungs
The Respiratory System
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Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Antihistamines
Antihistamines: block the H1 receptor sites, preventing histamine action during allergic rhinitis (see p. 527-28 of textbook).
Drug tolerance may occur.
1st Generation: sedating, short acting: chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton) diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2nd Generation: non-sedating and much longer duration of action: Claritin Zyrtec Allegra
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Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Decongestants
Decongestants reduce congestion by shrinking swollen mucous membranes of the nasal passage due to the common cold (see p. 529-30 of textbook).
Often combined with antihistamines.
Oral and nasal preparations are both available.
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Asthma Medications
Virtual Field Trip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGDi5tI5vT
k
Let’s discuss how asthma occurs and how asthma medications treat this condition.
Turn to p. 539 in the textbook. What combination is found in Advair Diskus?
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Class Exercise 1: Working in a Medical Office
Turn to p. 155 in the Workbook.
As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.
To answer the questions, you may refer to 527-535 of your textbook.
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Consists of heart, which pumps blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), through which blood flows.
Heart consists of four chambers.
Overview of the Cardiovascular System
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Heart Disease There are several origins of heart disease.
In most cases, the heart needs to work harder to overcompensate for problems. Example:
Patient has high blood pressure due to cholesterol build-up in the arteries.
Blood has difficulty passing through the arteries. Heart increases contractions to facilitate blood flow, which
causes additional problems.
Medications can either: Decrease heart rate and contractions or Target the cause of heart disease
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ACE Inhibitors Found on p. 571 of textbook.
Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II constricts the blood vessels, which elevates blood pressure and causes the heart to work harder.
Therefore, ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and heart rate.
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Beta-Blocking Agents
Found on p. 569 of textbook.
Increase in heart rate occurs when: Sympathetic neurons release
norepinephine/adrenaline. Norepinephine/adrenaline
binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart cells, which increases contractions.
Beta-blocking agents block beta-adrenergic receptors and decrease heart rate.
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Calcium Channel Blockers
Found on p. 572 of textbook. After norepinephrine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic
receptors, calcium from outside of the heart cells enters the heart cells.
Calcium channel blockers prevent the entry of extracellular calcium ions into the heart cells.
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Game: Which suffix is frequently used in the generic names of
calcium channel blockers?
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A. -olol B. -statin
C. -ipine D. -pril
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Game: What suffix is frequently used in the generic names of
calcium channel blockers?
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C. -ipine
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Found on p. 574 of textbook.
Prevent cholesterol plaques in the arteries.
Example of a lipid-lowering agent: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).
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Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”?
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A. Lipator B. Zitia
C. Zecor D. Crestor
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Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”?
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D. Crestor
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Class Exercise 2: Working in a Medical Office
Turn to p. 163 in the Workbook.
As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.
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Thank you for your attention and participation in the seminar!
Any questions?
I look forward to the rest of Unit 5. Please contact me with any questions throughout the week.