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PERSONALITY

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What is personality?y The word Personality is derived from latin word Per

sonare which means to speak through .

y Personality is the sum total of ways in whichan individual reacts to and interacts with others.

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D efinition of personalityy Personality is a pattern of stable and characteristics of

a person that influences his or her behaviour toward

goals achievement. Each person has unique ways of protecting these states.-Gluck.

Personality is the essence of a human being-Hall & Lindzey.

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PERSONALITY INCLUDESy Eternal appearances and behaviour.

y The inner awareness of self as a permanent organizingforce, and

y The particular organization of measurable traits, bothinner and outer.

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C haracteristics of personalityy Locus of control.y Machiavellianism.y Self- esteem.y Self- monitoring.y Positive/ Negative Affect.y Risk taking.

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Theories of personalityy Intrapsychic theory.y Type theory.y Trait theory.y Self theory.y Social learning.

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INTRAPSYCHIC THEORYy Intrapshycic theory is based on the work of Sigmund

Frued.y It emphasizes the unconscious determinants of

behaviour.y Frued saw personality as the interaction between three

elements of personality; Id, Ego, & Superego.

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TYPE THEORIESType theories represents an attempt to scientifically

describe personality by classifying individuals into

convenient categories. The categories are-a) sheldon s physiognomy theories- this theory represents link between certain antomical featuresand pshycological traits with distinguishing

charecteristics of an individual and his behaviour.Sheldon defined three body type:-Endomorph, Mesomorph, & Ectomorph.

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y

Endomorphs are mostly bulky and beloved.They arerather fat and thick in proportion to their height.

y Mesomorph are basically strong, athletic and tough.

y Ectomorph are thin long and poorly developedphysically.They are generally shy and absentminded.

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y C arl jung s extrovert-introvert theory:- C arl jungproposed his own two-part theory of personality:-

y 1) extrovert.y 2)introvert.Extroverts are optimistic outgoing gragarious nd

sociable. they are basically objective reality-orientedindividuals.

Introverts are more inward directed people.They are lesssociable withdrawn and absorbed in inner life.

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TRAIT THEORYy According to trait theory, combining various traits into

a group forms an individual s personality. A personality

trait can be defined as an enduring attribute of aperson that appears consistently in a varieties of situations .

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SELF THEORYy Self theory approach is associated with C arl Rogers.

Rogers and his associates have developed the

personality theory that places emphasis on theindividual as an initiating, creating, influencialdeterminant of behaviour within the environmentalframework.

y

The self-concept emerges as a result of repeatedexperiences involving such terms as I , ME , &MYSELF .

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SOCIAL-LEARNING THEORYy The main focus of social-learning approach is on the

patterns of behaviour the individuals learn in copying

with environment. Some behaviour patterns arelearned or acquired through direct experience. This view- that we can learn through both observation anddirect experience has been called social learningtheory.

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THANKS

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PRESENTED BY-PRATIMA KUMARIPOOJA SINHA

TANVI TUSHAR { THIRD SEM}