How to get publish - Workshop CNUDST

How to get

published?

Presenté par Geneviève Musasa

Customer Consultant Africa

[email protected]

April 2015

Votre Account Manager

Ahmed Shams

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

TITLE OF PRESENTATION | 2

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AGENDA

I. Introduction to scholarly

publishing

II. How to get published?

Practical Advices

III. Structuring your article

IV. The reviewing process

V. How not to Publish

VI. Get noticed

Let’s start off with a film…

http://youtu.be/75xKK2eGQNk



I. Introduction to scholarly

publishing

7

Registration The timestamp to officially note

who submitted scientific results

first

Certification Perform peer-review to ensure the

validity and integrity of

submissions

Dissemination Provide a medium for discoveries

and findings to be shared

Preservation Preserving the minutes and record

of science for posterity

Role of Scientific Publications

Publishers are investing in innovation and technology to fulfil these roles

Use Promoting and facilitating the

“Use” of scholarly information

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Academic publishing The publishing cycle

Solicit &

manage

submissions

30-60%

rejected by

> 13,000

editors

Manage

Peer Review 557,000+

reviewers

Edit &

prepare

365,000 articles

accepted

Production 12.6 million

articles

available

Publish &

Disseminate

>700 million

downloads by

>11 million

researchers in

>120 countries!

| 9

Peer review consists of the evaluation of articles

by experts in the field

It was first used in 1665, by the Royal Society in

London

Peer review places the reviewer, with the author,

at the heart of scientific publishing

Reviewers make the editorial process work by

examining and commenting on manuscripts

Without peer review there is no control in scientific

communication

Reviewers are the backbone of the whole process

Academic publishing What is peer review?

| 10

Source: Ulrichsweb Global Serials Directory

Academic publishing Peer-reviewed journal growth 1990-2013

| 11

What is open access?

Gold Open Access Green Open Access

Access

Free public access to the final published

article

Access is immediate and permanent

Free public access to a version of your

article

Time delay may apply (embargo

period)

Fee Open access fee is paid by the author, or

on their behalf (for example by a funding

body)

No fee is payable by the author, as

costs are covered by library

subscriptions

Options Publish in an

open access

journal

Publish in a journal

that supports open

access (also known

as a hybrid journal)

Link to your article.

Selected journals feature open

archives

Self-archive a version of your article

Free and permanent access to scholarly research

combined with clear guidelines (user licenses) for users

to re-use the content.

For more Open Access information:

http://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-options

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What is the uptake of open access?

There were in 2013, estimated worldwide 2,041,106 published

subscription and 297,596 published open access articles

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013(est.)

No

. o

f a

rtic

les

(T

ho

usa

nd

s)

Year

Open access

Hybrid

Subscription

Subscription content: Continues to grow year on year at

approx. 3-4%

Amounts to a total article share of

approx. 87.3% in 2013

In 2013, Elsevier published over

330,000 articles which included an

increase of 20,000 extra subscription

articles

Open access content: Currently growing at approx. 20% in

2013

Amounts to a total article share (hybrid

+ ‘’pure’’ Gold) of approx.8.2% in 2013

The total article share of all immediately

accessible OA articles is 12.7%

including subsidized open access

In 2013, Elsevier published over 6,000

gold open access articles

II. How to get published?

Practical Advices

…your published papers, are a permanent record of your

research, are your passport to your community…

Always keep in mind that…

However, editors, reviewers, and the research community don’t consider these reasons when assessing your work.

Your personal reasons for publishing?

| 16

Planning your article Are you ready to publish?

Not ready Work has no scientific interest

Ready Work advances the field

| 17

Clear and useful message

A logical manner

Readers grasp the research

Planning Your Article What makes a strong manuscript?

Editors, reviewers and readers all want to receive

well presented manuscripts that fit within the aims

and scope of their journal.

| 18

Full articles

• Substantial, complete and comprehensive pieces of research Is my message sufficient for a full article?

Letters or short communications

• Quick and early communications Are my results so thrilling that they should be shown as soon as possible?

Review papers

• Summaries of recent developments on a specific top

• Often submitted by invitation

Planning your article Types of manuscripts

Your supervisor or colleagues are also good sources for

advice on manuscript types.

| 19

Citations per Article Type

Your paper is worthless if no one reads, uses, or cites it

A research study is meaningful only if...

It’s clearly described, so

Someone else can use it in his/her studies

It arouses other scientists’ interest, and

Allows others to reproduce the results

By submitting a manuscript you are basically trying to sell your work to your community

Practical Advice

• Evaluate your research area

http://top25.sciencedirect.com/

Journals, authors, citations, publications per year (Scopus)

• Evaluate which journal is right for your article

Impact Factor

Alternative metrics (H-index, SNIP, SCImago)

Journal Analyzer (Scopus)

• Find out more about the journals

Who are the editors?

Guide for authors

• Getting your paper noticed

Cite Alert

Article Usage Alert

IF

http://top25.sciencedirect.com/

| 22

Choosing the right journal Journal Finder Tool

Visit e.g. elsevier.com to find: • Aims & Scope • Accepted types of

articles • Readership • Current hot topics • Ask for help from

your supervisor or colleagues

• DO NOT submit manuscripts to more than one journal at a time

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Choosing the right journal Best practices

Aim to reach the intended audience for your work

Choose only one journal, as simultaneous submissions are prohibited

Supervisor and colleagues can provide good suggestions

Shortlist a handful of candidate journals, and investigate them:

• Aims

• Scope

• Accepted types of articles

• Readership

• Current hot topics

Articles in your reference list will usually lead you

directly to the right journals.

| 24

Preparing your manuscript

Read the Guide for Authors

Find it on the journal homepage of the publisher, e.g. Elsevier.com

Keep to the Guide for Authors in your manuscript

It will save your time

Evaluate your research area – free tools

“Save as Alert”: Remind yourself about the new findings.

Evaluate your research area – in Scopus

Find out what is being cited and from where

View a citation overview of

the selected documents

View documents citing

the selected documents

Review the development of your research area

Choose the right journal

Do not just “descend the stairs”

Top journals

Nature, Science, Lancet, NEJM

Field-specific top journals

Other field-specific journals

National journals

DO NOT gamble by submitting your manuscript to more than one journal at a time. International ethics standards prohibit multiple/simultaneous submissions, and editors DO find out!

Article Transfer Service

• Editors may transfer

sound submissions to

another Elsevier journal

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• Provided the submission is of

high-quality and rejected because

it doesn’t fit the Aims & Scope of

the journal

Choose a target journal

Use your own references

Check databases to find in what journals most articles

on your topic were published

Some bibliometric indicators Key indicators of journal citation impact

| 33

Bibliometric indicators

Impact

Factor Eigenfactor SJR SNIP H-Index

| 34

It indicates how many times the more recent

papers in a journal are cited on average in a

given year

It is influenced by editorial policies of journals

and turnover of research

Choosing the right journal The Impact Factor

The impact factor can give you a general

guidance, but it should NOT be the sole reason

to choose a journal.


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Journal Impact Factor 2012*

Pain 6.125

Nature Genetics 38.597

Annals of Mathematics 3.027

Computers & Operations Research 2.374

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 17.778

Addiction Biology 5.914

Remote Sensing of Environment 6.144

*Journal Citation Reports 2013

Answer: All of them are the best journals in their

subject areas.

With IF journals from different subject fields

CANNOT be compared.

Which Journal is the Best Journal?


36 |

“There is no single ‘best’ indicator that could

accommodate all facets of the new reality of

bibliometrics.”

- Wolfgang Glänzel, Head of bibliometrics group

Professor at KU Leuven, Belgium

Bibliometrics – A discipline that uses statistical methods to analyze content and

measure research performance


37 |

SJR measures the prestige or influence of a scientific journal

SJR considers not only the raw number of citations

received by a journal…

but also the importance or influence of the source of those citations

SJR is a combination of the quantity & quality of the citations received

SCImago Journal Rank


38 | | 38

It is based on

Scopus data

The SCimago Journal Rank

Freely available at scimagojr.com; on Scopus

Similar to Impact Factor, but considers 3 years

Self-citations limited

Citations weighted by the SJR of the citing journal

Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 Citing Year

http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php


39 |

Source Normalized Impact per Paper

SNIP measures the contextual citation impact of a journal by normalizing citation values

SNIP takes a research field’s citation frequency and the database field’s coverage into account

It avoids delimitation and counters subject differences to balance the scales

SNIP shows differences due to journal quality and not citation behavior

| 40

Devised at the

University of Leiden,

currently the most

sophisticated

journal performance

indicator

Source Normalized Impact per Paper

Freely available online via Scopus

Similar to Impact Factor, but considers 3 years

Measures contextual citation impact

Citations weighted by the likelihood of citation in

the subject field of source

Year 3 Year 2 Year 1 Citing Year


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Journal analyzer: SJR, SNIP and more


42 |

SJR and SNIP: two journal metrics in Scopus Compare up to 10 journals

SJR is a prestige metric and

weights citations according to

the status the citing journal


43 |

SNIP normalized impact per paper between subject field.

SJR and SNIP: two journal metrics in Scopus


44 |

Journal Analyzer: More analysis using Scopus


45 |

“Using the Impact Factor alone to judge a journal is like using weight alone to judge

a person’s health.”

Source: The Joint Committee on Quantitative Assessment of Research: “Citation

Statistics”, a report from the International Mathematical Union


46 |

The h-index: Hirsch index or Hirsch number

In other words: An author has an index of

18 if he has published at least 18 papers;

each of which has been cited at least 18

times (Published by Jorge E. Hirsch in August 2005)

1. h-index : Measures the productivity and impact of a scientist’s published work

Assessment often highly based on

publications and citations

47

“not everything that

can be counted

counts,

and not everything

that counts can be

counted”

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

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Recap Before writing your paper

Determine if you are ready to publish your work

Decide on the best type of manuscript

Choose the target journal

Check the Guide for Authors

III. Structuring your article

2015

| 50

General structure of a research article

Title

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Supporting Materials

Read the Guide for Authors for the specific criteria

of your target journal.

| 51

Attract reader’s attention

Contain fewest possible words

Adequately describe content

Are informative but concise

Identify main issue

Do not use technical jargon and rarely-used abbreviations

Effective manuscript titles

Editors and reviewers do not like titles that make no sense or fail to

represent the subject matter adequately. Additionally, if the title is not

accurate, the appropriate audience may not read your paper.

| 52

Keywords

Article title Keywords

“An experimental study on

evacuated tube solar collector using

supercritical CO2”

Solar collector; supercritical CO2;

solar energy; solar thermal

utilization

Are the labels of the manuscript

Are used by indexing and abstracting services

Should be specific

Should use only established abbreviations (e.g. DNA)

Check the Guide for Authors for specifics on which keywords should be

used.

| 53

Summarize the problem, methods, results, and conclusions in a

single paragraph

Make it interesting and understandable

Make it accurate and specific

A clear abstract will strongly influence whether or not your work

is considered

Keep it as brief as possible

Abstract

Take the time to write the abstract very carefully. Many authors write the

abstract last so that it accurately reflects the content of the paper.

| 54

The process of writing –

building the article

Title, Abstract, and Keywords

Figures/Tables (your data)

Conclusion Introduction

Methods Results Discussion

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Provide a brief context to the readers

Address the problem

Identify the solutions and limitations

Identify what the work is trying to achieve

Provide a perspective consistent with the

nature of the journal

Introduction

Write a unique introduction for every article. DO NOT reuse introductions.

| 56

Describe how the problem was

studied

Include detailed information

Do not describe previously

published procedures

Identify the equipment and

materials used

Methods

| 57

Include only data of primary importance

Use sub-headings to keep results of the same type together

Be clear and easy to understand

Highlight the main findings

Feature unexpected findings

Provide statistical analysis

Include illustrations and figures

Results

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Interpretation of results

Most important section

Make the discussion correspond to

the results and complement them

Compare published results with

your own

Discussion

Be careful not to use the following:

- Statements that go beyond what the results can support

- Non-specific expressions

- New terms not already defined or mentioned in your paper

- Speculations on possible interpretations based on imagination

| 59

Conclusion

Be clear

Provide justification for the work

Explain how your work advances the present state of knowledge

Suggest future experiments

| 60

Acknowledgments

Advisors

Financial supporters and funders

Proof readers and typists

Suppliers who may have donated materials

| 61

References

Do not use too many references

Always ensure you have fully absorbed the

material you are referencing

Avoid excessive self citations

Avoid excessive citations of publications from

the same region or institute

Conform strictly to the style given in the

Guide for Authors

Using proper scientific

language

2015

| 63

Do publishers correct language?

No!

It is the author’s

responsibility... ...but resources

are available

64

Editing and Translation services

| 65

Manuscript language: Overview

Clear

Objective

Accurate

Concise

Always read the journal’s Guide for Authors to check for any additional

language specifications.

| 66

Manuscript language: Sentences

Write direct, short, and factual

sentences

Convey one piece of information per

sentence

Avoid multiple statements in one

sentence

The average length of sentences in scientific writing

is only about 12-17 words.

| 67

Manuscript language: Tenses

Present tense:

Use for known facts and hypotheses

Past tense:

Use for experiments conducted

and results

| 68

Use active voice to shorten sentences

Avoid contractions and abbreviations

Minimize use of adverbs

Eliminate redundant phrases

Double-check unfamiliar words or

phrases

Manuscript language: Grammar

| 69

Proper English is important so editors

and reviewers can understand the work

Use short, concise sentences, correct

tenses, and correct grammar

Refer to the journal’s Guide for Authors

for specifications

Have a native English speaker check

your manuscript or use a language

editing service

Recap Are you using proper manuscript language?

IV. The reviewing process

A well understood concept, based on impartiality, transparency and confidentiality

Without it there is no control in scientific communication

Improving, validating, registering, and preserving research in a fair and unbiased

way

Principles of Peer Review

71

Purpose of Peer Review

Ensures best quality papers are selected

Improves quality of the published paper

Ensures previous work is acknowledged

Detects plagiarism and fraud

Plays a central role in academic career development

72

So how does it work?

Michael Derntl. Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing.

http://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdf




Role of Reviewer and tasks

The peer review process is based on trust

The scientific publishing enterprise depends largely on the quality and integrity of the reviewers

Reviewer should write reports in a collegial and constructive manner

Treat manuscripts in the same manner as if they were your own

74

Issues to review as Reviewers

Importance and Clarity of Research Hypothesis

Originality of work

Strengths & weaknesses of methodology, approach & interpretation

Writing style and figure/table presentation

Ethics concerns (animal/human)

75

Rejection without external review

The Editor-in-chief evaluates submissions and determines whether they enter into the external review

process or are rejected

English language is inadequate

Prior publication of the data

Multiple simultaneous submissions of same data

76

| 77

Articles are initially reviewed by at least two reviewers

When invited, the reviewer receives the abstract of the manuscript

The Editor generally requests that the article be reviewed within 2-4

weeks

Articles are revised until the reviewers agree, or until the Editor

decides that the reviewer concerns have been adequately

addressed

The reviewers’ reports help the Editors to reach a decision on a

submitted paper

Review process (I)

| 78

Review process (II)

If report has not been received after 4 weeks, the editorial office

contacts the reviewer

If there is a notable disagreement between the reports of the

reviewers, a third reviewer may be consulted

The anonymity of the reviewers is maintained, unless a reviewer

asks the Editor to have their identity made known

| 79

Review process (III)

Reviewers must not communicate directly with authors

All manuscripts and materials must be treated

confidentially by Editors and reviewers

The aim is to have a first decision to the authors by 4-6

weeks (depending on the field) after submission

Meeting the schedule objectives requires a significant

effort by all involved

Reviewers should treat authors as they themselves would

like to be treated

| 80

What can you get back from peer review?

• Accepted without change (very rare!)

• Accepted after minor revision (means you will have to change a few

things)

• Accepted after consideration (means you will have to rewrite a few

things, possibly sections, figures, provide more data, etc)

• Reconsider after major revision (means you will have to address

some fundamental shortcomings – possibly doing additional

research and certainly rewriting big sections)

• Rejection (means the manuscript is not deemed suitable for

publication in that journal)

| 81

What leads to acceptance ?

• Attention to details

• Check and double check your work

• Consider the reviewers’ comments

• English must be as good as possible

• Presentation is important

• Take your time with revision

• Acknowledge those who have helped you

• New, original and previously unpublished

• Critically evaluate your own manuscript

• Ethical rules must be obeyed – Nigel John Cook

Editor-in-Chief, Ore Geology Reviews

V. How to not publish

| 83

What is plagiarism?

“Plagiarism is the appropriation

of another person’s ideas, processes,

results, or words without giving appropriate

credit, including those obtained through

confidential review of others’ research

proposals and manuscripts.”

Federal Office of Science and

Technology Policy, 1999

“Presenting the data or interpretations

of others without crediting them, and

thereby gaining for yourself the

rewards earned by others, is theft, and

it eliminates the motivation of working

scientists to generate new data and

interpretations.”

Professor Bruce Railsback, Department of

Geology, University of Georgia

| 84

What may be plagiarised?

Work that can be plagiarised includes…

Words (language)

Ideas

Findings

Writings

Graphic representations

Computer programs

Diagrams

Graphs

Illustrations

Information

Lectures

Printed material

Electronic material

Any other original work

Higher Education Academy, UK

| 85

Correct citation is key

To place your own work in

context

To acknowledge the findings of

others on which you have built

your research

To maintain the credibility and

accuracy of the scientific

literature

Crediting the work of others (including your advisor’s or your own

previous work) by citation is important for at least three reasons:

| 86

Plagiarism high amongst ethics issues

Sample of cases reported to Elsevier Journals publishing staff in 2012

| 87

How big is the problem of plagiarism?

Huge database of 30+ million articles, from 50,000+ journals, from

400+ publishers

Software alerts Editors to any similarities between the article and this

huge database of published articles

Many Elsevier journals now check every submitted article using

CrossCheck

| 88

Plagiarism is serious but easily avoidable

Plagiarism is easily avoided

You can use ideas, phrases and

arguments from sources already

published, just acknowledge the

source and the original author

| 89

Paraphrasing

It is unacceptable:

Using exact phrases from the

original source without enclosing

them in quotation marks

Emulating sentence structure

even when using different words

Emulating paragraph

organization even when using

different wording or sentence

structure

Paraphrasing is restating someone else's ideas while not copying

their actual words verbatim.

– Statement on Plagiarism

Department of Biology, Davidson College.

www.bio.davidson.edu/dept/plagiarism.html

| 90

Recap

When in doubt, cite!

Never cut & paste

(even to save time in

drafts)

If you suspect:

REPORT Responsibility

VI. Get noticed Promoting your researcher for maximum

impact

| 92

You want to make sure your research gets the attention

it deserves

7 hrs/week average time

spent on literature

1970 2013 0

40M

The volume of research articles is

growing at an accelerated pace

For most researchers, it’s a real

challenge to keep up with the literature

Your job: make sure your research

doesn’t fall through the cracks!

| 93

1. Preparing your

article 2. Promoting your

published article

3. Monitoring your

article

Getting your paper noticed

94

• Usage Alerts Quarterly e-mail to authors, with

a link towards a customized

web page per article

• Cite Alerts Weekly notification to authors

once their article is referenced

in a newly published article.

Make your paper stand out from the crowd…

Share your knowledge

Create your professional research profile Promoting your article

| 97

Monitoring your article

My Research Dashboard:

Early feedback on downloads,

shares and citations

Data about the geographic

locations and research disciplines

of your readers

Search terms used in ScienceDirect

to find your publications

A comparison of the

performance of your article with

other people’s articles

| 98

Monitoring your article

Altmetrics:

| 99

Getting noticed

Sharing research,

accomplishments and

ambitions makes you more

visible

With greater visibility, you get

cited more, promote your

research, and career

| 100

Further reading at

publishingcampus.com

elsevier.com/authors

elsevier.com/reviewers

elsevier.com/editors

Get Published – top tips on writing, reviewing and grant writing etc.

Publishing Ethics brochure – top reasons to publish ethically

Get Noticed – new ways to promote your article and research

Understanding the Publishing Process with Elsevier – complete guide

Open access – definitions and options

Career Planning Guide – download in 12 languages

Visit Elsevier Publishing Campus

www.publishingcampus.com

For more information on publishing ethics:

www.elsevier.com/ethics

For writing/submission tips and author

services: :

www.elsevier.com/authors

Thank you

How to get publish - Workshop CNUDST

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