How many different materials are there and what are elements made from? Lesson 1.
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Transcript of How many different materials are there and what are elements made from? Lesson 1.
How many different materials are there and what are elements made
from?• Aims:
– To know what an element is
– To be able to use diagrams to represent the atoms in elements and non elements
All substances are made of atoms
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms. Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.
hydrogen and oxygen
atoms
carbon and hydrogen
atoms
carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and
sulphur atoms
iron, aluminium,
silicon, oxygen and
boron atoms
What is an element?
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.
The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.
The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.
copper
carbon
There are about one hundred substances that are made up of just one type of atom. These are the elements.
helium
An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.
Atoms in elements
Copper is an element made up
of copper atoms
only.
Carbon is an element made up
ofcarbon atoms
only.
Helium is an element made up
ofhelium atoms
only.
Elements
• Everything in the universe is made from a small number of building blocks
• These chemical building blocks are called elements– About 100 of them– Listed in the periodic table of elements
• Have only 1 type of atom– Can not be split into smaller substances
Elements
• Elements- the simplest chemical. They make up all other chemicals
• Atom- the smallest particles that make up chemicals. Each element has its own type of atom
Elements
• Elements like silver and gold are found in the ground– Rare
• Other elements can be obtained by heating rock e.g. copper and tin
• Most elements are metals but some are non-metals
• It is the way that the elements are joined together that makes each material different
Identify the elements
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu Cu Cu
CuCu
Au
Au
Au
Au Au Au
AuAu
Fe
C
C
Fe C Fe
FeC
Cu
Cu
Sn
Sn Cu Cu
CuCu
The symbol for many of the more common elements uses just the first letter of the name.
Introducing chemical symbols
A standard set of symbols is used to represent elements:
hydrogen
H =carbonC =fluorineF =
oxygenO =nitrogen
N =
Others elements have the first two letters.
lithiumLi =aluminium
Al =heliumHe
=
Some of the symbols are not always as you might expect. leadPb =
goldAu =silver
Ag =
iodineI =
How to write symbols for elements
Two important rules should be followed when writing the symbols of elements so that there is no confusion.1. The first letter of an element’s symbol
is always a capital letter.
2. If there are two letters in the element’s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter.
e.g. N (not n) for
nitrogen
e.g. Co (not CO) for cobalt
No, Watson! It was carbon monoxide
poisoning – not cobalt.
1.Board game: carbon, helium, two sulphurs
2.Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen 3.Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium
4.Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen, aluminium
5.For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen
CHeSS SON
COAl
SHOAl
BIN
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.