How did French Revolution Turn Violent & How did Napoleon Gain Power?

Creation of Limited Monarchy

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0 By 1791 the National Assembly Wrote a Constitution for France, which gave the following as the role of the new government:

0 It set up a limited monarchy and a representative assembly

0 It declared that people had natural rights & government has to protect those rights.

0 It put the church under state control

Radicalization of the Revolution0European nations threatened to intervene in

France to restore the monarch’s power

01792 revolutionaries declared war against Austria, Prussia, Britain and Others.

01792: radicals took over the assembly, ended the monarchy and declared France a republic

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Radicalization of the Revolution

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0They created a national convention which formed a “Committee of Public Safety”

0 It was first headed by Georges Danton and then by Maximilien Robespierre

0He wanted create a republic of virtue.

Reign of Terror

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01793: The Committee executed the King Louis XVI– causing the reign of terror to happen.

0Thousands of others were executed using Guillotine

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

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0 1795: Moderates regained the power0 They created a 5 men “directory” to rule

France.0 1799: Napoleon overthrew the Directory in a

coup d’etat and became leader of the new government, called consulate.

0 The government was a republican government but he held absolute power

0 1802: He was made Consul for life.0 1804: He declared himself “Emperor of the

French”

Homework

0Questions 1s and 2s on pages 553 and 561

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What were the Effects of Napoleon on France and Other

Parts of the World?

Napoleon’s Achievement0Economy: Controlled prices, supported new industry

and built roads and canals.0Religion: He made peace with the Church – recognized

Catholicism as the majority religion.0Education: established public-school systems0Laws: He codified laws – The Napoleonic Code. The

laws included many enlightenment ideas, such as legal equality of citizens and religious toleration

0Created a new merit based bureaucracy and aristocracy.

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Napoleon’s Empire0Napoleon built an empire by conquering much of

Europe0He spread enlightenment principles all over Europe0He failed to conquer Britain.0He also met disaster in Russia.0Many Nationalists resented his conquests.0He was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in

1815.

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Effects of French Revolution0Napoleon’s conquests spread the democratic

principles all over Europe

0The slogan of French republic: “Liberty, Equality & Fraternity” became a common slogan all over Europe.

0Napoleon’s conquests also gave rise to nationalism in Europe

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Latin AmericanIndependence Movements

0 Toussaint L’Ouverture freed Haiti form French domination in 1804

0 South American Spanish Colonies were liberated by Simon Bolivar (the Liberator) and Jose de San Martin

0 Mexicans declared their independence from Spain Under the leadership of Father Hidalgo, but could not win the War.

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Home Work

0Questions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 on page 569

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