Horticulture Study in tribal south Gujarat Region

1

“Study On Horticulture Intervention of AKRSP (I) in Netrang, Tribal

South Gujarat Region”

Author

Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar

Host Organization

Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India)

Faculty Guide Reporting Officer

Prof. Ashok Gupta Mr. Sukumar R.

“A REPORT SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR MASTERS IN RURAL MANAGEMENT”

School of Rural Management

Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University

Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India

Management Traineeship Segment (MTS) I

http://www.pdfcomplete.com/cms/hppl/tabid/108/Default.aspx?r=q8b3uige22

2

Approval Page

SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, KIIT UNIVERSITY

Bhubaneswar

The MTS Report of


Candidates for the degree of MBA Rural Management

Are hereby APPROVED

Prof. Ashok Gupta


3

Acknowledgment

In preparing this report a considerable amount of thinking and informational

inputs from various sources were involved. I express our sincere gratitude to

everyone who contributed towards making this report possible.

First of all I would like to thank dignitaries of AKRSP (I), Mr. Sukumar R. for

giving me the guidelines for the successful completion of this report. I would

like to thank all cluster officer of AKRSP(I) for his valuable support and

feedback. I would also like to thank all our respondents for their response

without which this study couldn’t be possible.

I also take a special mention of faculty of KSRM, Prof. Ashok Gupta for his

valuable inputs.

At last, I extend my special thanks to my dear friends who actually made my

report on horticulture intervention a success.


Date –

Bhubaneswar


4

Executive Summary

Title of Project: “Study on Horticulture Intervention of AKRSP (I) in Netrang, Tribal South

Gujarat Region”

Host Organization: - Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India)

Author: - Biradar Shivshankar Vijaykumar

Objective of the project:-

1. To understand the benefits made through horticulture crops supplements agriculture

livelihood among the tribal farmers of TSG region of AKRSP (I).

2. To analyze the financial and social changes on tribal community through horticulture

programme.

3. To analyze cost benefit and calculate breakeven point from the horticulture

intervention.

I have conducted case study of 20 beneficiaries who are involved in Mango wadi.

In the beginning Farmer didn’t show their Interest for mango-wadi but after 2-3 year getting

mango yield they got shown interest in mango-wadi and they have stated generating profit.

Many farmers got support of drip irrigation from AKRSP (I) but they didn’t use these

technologies in horticulture. There are 9 farmers who have doing cultivation of mango wadi

in 0.25 acre to 0.85 acre of land. While 10 farmers taken only for 0.85 to 1.75 acre of land for

mango wadi. Before horticulture intervention they used to follow traditional farming and

were getting low yields. But now condition of beneficiaries has changed, they are using

intercropping in mango-wadi. And they grow vegetables and cash crops and have irrigation

facility in their lands. Also, farmers are now showing interest in Mango-marketing so

AKRSP (I) is forming a federation for mango marketing in this area.

A storage facility should be made in this region for storage of fruits as the perishable &

getting good price fruits. Provide training programme & exposure visit on post harvest

management as especially on farm value addition. Provide suitable market for mango yield,

that they have to sell in the market and get good value for their producing yield.


5

Table of content

Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10

1.1 Mango ....................................................................................................................... 14

1.1.1 Indian Varieties .................................................................................................. 14

1.2 Organizational Overview: .......................................................................................... 15

1.2.1 Organization Structure: ........................................................................................... 16

Chapter: 2 Literature Review............................................................................................... 17

Chapter 3: Methodology ...................................................................................................... 20

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................................ 20

3.2.1. Selection of area: ............................................................................................... 20

3.2.2. Identification of project elements: ...................................................................... 21

3.2.3. Collection of primary data: ................................................................................ 21

3.2.4. Collection of Secondary Data: ........................................................................... 21

3.3 Methods of Data Analysis: ..................................................................................... 21

3.4. Limitations of the assignment: .............................................................................. 21

Chapter: 4 Findings & Analysis: ......................................................................................... 22

4.1 Land Holding pattern: ................................................................................................ 22

4.1.1 Area Utilized For Wadi: ...................................................................................... 23

4.2 Mango Survival Trees: .............................................................................................. 24

4.3 Average per Tree production of mango-wadi: ............................................................ 24

4.4 Mango-wadi average net returns: ............................................................................... 26

4.5 Breakeven point: ....................................................................................................... 27

4.6 Post Harvest Management ......................................................................................... 27

4.7 Changes in Income: ................................................................................................... 27

4.8 Migration Status: ....................................................................................................... 28

Chapter: 5 Conclusion & Recommendations: ...................................................................... 29

5.1 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................... 29

5.2 Recommendations: .................................................................................................... 30

Chapter: 6 Case Studies ....................................................................................................... 31

Case -6.1 Ajaybhai Hursimbhai ................................................................................... 31

Case-6.2 Balwant Umaid Vasava ................................................................................ 37

Case- 6.3: Bachubhai Gimia ........................................................................................ 41

Case- 6.4 Bhikubhai Varanashibhai Tadvi ................................................................... 46


6

Case - 6. 5 Dhana bhai Dunger singh ........................................................................... 51

Case- 6.6 Dhanji bhai Kotania ..................................................................................... 56

Case-6.7 Dinesh bhai Navalbhai .................................................................................. 60

Case – 6. 8 Karansingh Damniya ................................................................................. 65

Case- 6.9 Dhanji bhai bhai Bondabhai ......................................................................... 69

Case-6.10 Kiranbhai Ganpatbhai Vasava ..................................................................... 73

Case -6.11 Lalubhai Jaisinghbhai Tade ........................................................................ 78

Case -6.12 Laxman Padvi ............................................................................................ 83

Graph: 6.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns ...................................................................... 85

Case - 6.13 Murji Kathodia .......................................................................................... 87

Case- 6.14 Rajesh Murji Vasava .................................................................................. 92

Case: 6. 15 Govind Surajibhai .................................................................................... 97

Case – 6. 16 Ramsingh Bablia ................................................................................... 103

Case- 6.17 Sakaram bhai Ganpatbhai Tadve .............................................................. 108

Case -6.18 Santu Shipa Choudhary ............................................................................ 112

Case- 6.19 Shiva Nuraji Vasava................................................................................ 117

Case- 6.20 Ukadia Jataria .......................................................................................... 121

Chapter: 7. References: ..................................................................................................... 126

Chapter: 8. ANNEXTURE ................................................................................................ 127

List of Tables

Table: 1.1 Annual Horticulture Development Rate in Gujarat .............................................. 12

Table: 1.2 Gujarat Position in some of the fruit and vegetable crops in all India productivity rank. .................................................................................................................................... 12

Table 1.3 District wise Estimated Area and Production of Mango Year 2010-11 in Gujarat . 13

Chart: 4.2.1 Mango Tree Survival ....................................................................................... 24

Table 5.1.1 Income through animal Husbandry: .................................................................. 33

Table 5.1.2. Intercropping cost & benefits analysis of mango-wadi: .................................... 33

Table: 5.2.1 Animal Husbandry: .......................................................................................... 39

Table: 5.2.2 intercropping of mango wadi ........................................................................... 39

Table: 5.3.1 Mango- Cost benefits analysis: ........................................................................ 44

Table: 5.4.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis ............................................................... 49

Table: 5.5.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis ............................................................... 54


7

Table 5.6.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis: ............................................................... 58

Table: 5.7.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .............................................................. 63

Table: 5.8.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ............................................................. 68

Table:5.9.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ............................................................. 71

Table : 5.10.1 Animal Husbandry: ....................................................................................... 75

Table: 5.10.2 intercropping cost & benefits analysis: ........................................................... 76

Table: 5.11.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis ............................................................ 80



Table: 5.14.1 Animal Husbandry: ........................................................................................ 93


Table: 5.15.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 101

Table: 5.16.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 106



Table: 5.19.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis .......................................................... 119


List of Graphs

Graph: 4.1.1 Land Holding Pattern ...................................................................................... 23

Graph: 4.3.1 Average per tree production in TSG ................................................................ 26

Graph: 4.4.1 Average Net Returns: ...................................................................................... 26

Graph: 4.7.1 Migration Status ............................................................................................. 28

Graph: 5.1.1 Mango Production ......................................................................................... 32

Graph: 5.1.2 Wadi Net Returns: .......................................................................................... 36

Graph 5.2.1 Average per Tree production of mango ............................................................ 38

Graph: 5.2.2 Mango-wadi net returns .................................................................................. 39

Graph: 5.3.1 Average per Tree production ........................................................................... 43

Graph: 5.4.1 Average per graph production ......................................................................... 48

Graph: 5.4.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 49

Graph : 5.5.1 Average per graph production ........................................................................ 52

Graph : 5.5.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 53


8

Graph: 5.6.1 Mango-wadi per Tree production: ................................................................... 57

Graph 5.6.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ................................................................................ 58

Graph: 5.7.1 Average per Tree production ........................................................................... 61


Graph: 5.8.1 Mango-wadi Net Income: ............................................................................... 67


Graph: 5.10 average per tree production .............................................................................. 75

Graph: 5.10.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ............................................................................. 76

Graph: 5.11.1 Mango-wadi Production chart: ...................................................................... 80

Graph: 5.11.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns Table: ................................................................... 82

Graph: 5.12.1 mango production average ............................................................................ 84

Graph: 5.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns: ............................................................................ 85

Graph: 5.13.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ............................................................................. 89

Graph: 5.14.2 Average per Tree production ......................................................................... 94

Graph 5.14.1 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 95

Graph: 5.15.1 Average per Tree production ......................................................................... 99

Graph 5.15.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: .............................................................................. 99

Graph: 5.16.1 Average per Tree production ....................................................................... 104

Graph: 5.16.2 Mango-wadi Net-Returns Charts: ................................................................ 105

Graph: 5.17.1 Mango-wadi production table: .................................................................... 109

Graph: 5.17.2 Mango-wadi net retuns ................................................................................ 110

Graph: 5.18.1 Mango Production: ..................................................................................... 113

Graph: 5.18.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns: ........................................................................... 114

Graph: 5.19.1 mango production ....................................................................................... 118

Graph: 5.19.2 Mango-wadi net returns: ............................................................................. 119

Graph: 5.20.1 Mango average per Tree production ............................................................ 122

Graph: 5.20.2 Wadi net returns .......................................................................................... 125

List of Chart:

Chart: 4.1.2 Area Utilize for wadi ....................................................................................... 23

Chart: 4.5.1 breakeven point................................................................................................ 27

Chart : 5.15.1 Mango-wadi paid out cost: ............................................................................ 98


9

ABBREVIATIONS

AKRSP (I): Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India

GJ: Gujarat

BCR: Benefit cost ratio

C: Cost

TC: Total Cost

TVC: Total Variable Cost

GR: Gross Return

BEP: Break even point

TSG: Tribal South Gujarat

NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

APMC: Agriculture Produce Market Committees


10

Chapter 1: Introduction Gujarat has about 94.99 lakh Ha1 (as per 2010 data) of the total area of the state under

cultivation. The area under irrigation is about 33% of the net area sown, while rest of area is

cultivated under rain fed conditions. Thus, there is large area dependence on rain in the

Gujarat. Horticulture is a priority sector in Agriculture by virtue of its vast potential in

improving the Socio – economic conditions of the farmers.

The horticulture sector is supplier for large number of agro 2based industries which has high

avenues for generation of skill full employment and self employment opportunities both in

rural and urban areas. Gujarat has a wide variety of soil, rainfall pattern, temperature regimes

and irrigation availability.

“Presently, India is the 2nd largest producer of fruits & vegetables in the world3.”

Gujarat has achieved considerable growth rate in horticulture during last five years because

of serious efforts made by the Gujarat Govt. The area & production of horticulture crop was

5.89 lakh ha (5 %of total cropped area) & 59.49 lakh tons in 1998-1999 which increased up

to 13.54 lakh ha. and 173.00 lakh tons respectively in 2010-11. Gujarat has strong

cooperative credit & marketing structure, along with 265 cold storages having 12.50 lakh mt.

storage capacities. About 42 fruit & vegetable co-operative marketing societies and 197

Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMCs) dealing with selling & buying of

horticulture produce in the Gujarat. These have been mandate to maintain utmost

transparency for dealing to ensure farmers against exploitation by middlemen.

Agriculture Export Zone for dehydrated onion & zone for fruits - vegetables has been

established, which will be the back bone to boost horticultural development in the Gujarat.

Gujarat having ample potential to export various horticultural produce. The main produce are

fresh fruits which includes mangoes (Kesar and Alphonso), Chiku, Aonla and Dates (khalal).

The vegetables viz. okra, beans, bitter gourd, onion fresh as well as flacks and powder, garlic

powder and gourds.. The spices viz. cumin, fennel and garlic are also potential for export.

1 http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/department/overview151.html 2 url://www.agri.gujarat.gov.in 3 www.nhm.nic.in


11

In floriculture, major flowers grown in the state are Roses (Deshi & Hybrid), Lily, Marigold,

Jasmine & Tuberose. As far as area under floriculture is concerned about 15000 ha area is

covered under these crops in the Gujarat. Flowers like carnation, gerbera & rose are also

cultivated by using Hi-tech Green house technology in some of the districts. Isabgol,

Aloevera, Senna, Gugal, Safed musali, Ashvagandha, Kadu-kariyatu, Kaucha, and kalmegh

etc. are being mainly cultivated in the different parts of the Gujarat. But the assure market is

the major constraints for the development of these crops, however, Isabgul has find the way

to the world market.

Dehydrated vegetables, canned vegetables, Mango Pulp, Juices, Pickles - chuteny (Sauce) &

ketchup are the important processed products of the Gujarat. Onion dehydration industry of

the state is biggest in the country & it comprises 80% of total onion dehydration units, which

process nearly one lakh ton onion and one lakh ton fruits and vegetables annually. Nearly half

of the produce is being exported. Approximately 0.10 lakh ton of Isubgul husk is processed

and 0.06 lakh ton of husk is exported to various countries. Mango, Banana, Guava, Chikoo,

Papaya, Potato, Onion, Garlic, Cumin, Fennel, & Isabgul are the focused crops for the value

addition.

Grapes, cashew, medicinal & aromatic crops like aloevera, palmarosa are emerging as a

potential- new crops in suitable areas of the Gujarat. Investment in Greenhouses, floriculture

& medicinal plant projects, tissue culture units, fruit & vegetable processing units are

initiated in the Gujarat which show shining future of horticulture in the Gujarat.


12

Table: 1.1 Annual Horticulture Development Rate in Gujarat

Year Production (Lakh M. Tan) Annual Development Rate

1993-94 42.5 -

1994-95 44.3 4.2

1995-96 46.8 5.6

1996-97 42.7 -8.8

1997-98 47.8 11.9

1998-99 59.0 23.4

1999-2000 52.8 -10.5

2000-01 55.6 5.3

2001-02 61.0 9.7

2002-03 66.9 9.7

2003-04 85.1 27.2

2004-05 93.5 9.9

2005-06 115.46 23.5

2006-07 121.04 4.8

2007-08 144.74 16.3

2007-08 138.03 -4.63

Average

8.72

(Source NHB Data base 2008)

Table: 1.2 Gujarat Position in some of the fruit and vegetable crops in all India

productivity rank.

Crop Productivity (t / ha) Rank

Gujarat India

Onion 26.6 15.1 1

Potato 22.9 19.3 2

Banana 54.8 35.9 2

Mango 24.0 17.9 2

Pomegranate 8.5 6.3 3

Tomato 10.2 7.0 3

Guava 15.2 11.1 3

Lime 10.42 8.5 3

Papaya 43.7 33.4 4

(Source NHB Data base 2009)


13

Table 1.3 District wise Estimated Area and Production of Mango Year 2010-11 in

Gujarat

S.No. Name of

District

Area in Hect. Prod (In M.T.)

1 Ahmadabad 240 723

2 Amreli 6480 40500

3 Banaskantha 510 1479

4 Bharuch 2866 24132

5 Narmada 3150 14175

6 Bhavnagar 6080 42742

7 Dang 3300 19800

8 Gandhinagar 1018 8755

9 Jamnagar 451 4239

10 Junagadh 19784 157700

11 Porbandar 225 2115

12 Kutch 8020 57824

13 Kheda 922 9220

14 Anand 2390 9560

15 Mehsana 934 5697

16 Patan 80 200

17 Panchmahal 2300 13800

18 Dahod 2580 13158

19 Rajkot 366 1281

20 Sabarkantha 3224 25889

21 Surat 7512 60096

22 Surendranagar 690 3105

23 Baroda 5675 34050

24 Valsad 26250 154875

25 Navsari 20922 177837

26 Tapi 4050 28350

TOTAL 130019 911302

(Source: url://www.agri.gujarat.gov.in)


//www.agri.gujarat.gov.in/

14

1.1 Mango Mango is the most important fruit covering about 35 per cent of area and accounting of 22 per

cent total production of total fruits in the country, which is highest in the world with India's share

of about 54%. India has the richest collection of mango cultivars. Major mango growing States

are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat,

Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The main varieties of mango grown in the country are

Alphanso, Dashehari, Langra, Fajli, Chausa, Totapuri, Neelum etc

1.1.1 Indian Varieties

There are nearly 1000 mango varieties in India. Only about 20 varieties are grown

commercially. Most of the Indian mango varieties have specific ecogeographical

requirements for optimum growth and fruiting.

Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Bombay Green and Fazri in north India; Banganapalli, Totapuri,

Neelum, Pairi, Suvarnarekha, Mulgoa, Kalapadi and Rumani in south India; Alphonso,

Kesar, Mankurad, Fernandin’ and ‘Vanraj’ in western India and ‘Langra’, ‘Fazri; ‘Chausa’,

‘Zardalu’, ‘Himsagar’ and ‘Malda’ in eastern India are grown commercially.


15

1.2 Organizational Overview: The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India) is a non-profit, Non-Governmental

Organization (NGO) and established in 1983 under the section 25 of Companies Registration

Act. AKRSP (I) began its field operation in 1985 and has since become one of the larger

grassroots NGOs in India. The organization is working with economically vulnerable and

environmentally fragile people of the Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. It has innovated

and pioneered several efforts in areas such as participatory irrigation management (PIM),

integrated wadi development (IWADP), system of rice intensification (SRI), joint forest

management (JFM), rain roof water harvesting structure (RRWHS), watershed development,

preventing salinity ingress, Jeevika, forest right act (FRA), alternative energy and many more

to empower rural women and marginalized communities.

AKRSP (I) follows a participatory approach of development. As per the organization’s

mission, rural people are involved in every stage of a project, from identification of the

problem to project formulation, implementation and management. AKRSP (I) works to

involve villagers in the project through Village institutions, Participatory Rural Appraisal

(PRA), village development assistants who are selected by the village institution, training and

mobilizing people to contribute towards their village development.

AKRSP (I) programmes are divided into two interrelated stream, Natural Resource

Management (NRM) and Human Resource Management (HRM). The objective of the NRM

programme is to increase rural income by providing access to knowledge and input material

for the cost effective and environmental friendlily ways to improve their output from land,

water and forest resource. It is interesting that all the NRM programmes are implemented

through Village institution and the people participation with proper transparency and

monitoring. NRM programmes mainly consist of Agriculture, Forestry, Water Resource

Development, Soil and Water Conservation and Biogas.

The objective of the HRM programme is to help rural people to develop organizational skills

like systems and structure to manage their resources in an equitable and sustainable manner.

Under HRM the major programmes are formation of various Village institutions (e.g. Mahila

Munch, Mahila Vikash Mandal, Gram Vikash Mandal, Farmers Club, Farmers Cooperative

and Producer Company), gender development, computer and craft making skills etc.


16

1.2.1 Organization Structure: Organization structure of the AKRSP (I) is professionally well defined. AKRSP (I) is

working on three hierarchy level namely it is called Central Office, Spear Head Team (SHT)

and Cluster Office. The Central office (headed by CEO) is located in Ahmadabad which has a

team of senior specialists of various programmes i.e. community mobilizing, agriculture,

forestry, soil & water conservation, water resource development, biogas, microfinance and

micro-enterprise development etc. along with accounts, administration, monitoring and

human resource development, which are further supported by secretarial and other staffs.

AKRSP (I) is mainly working in seven districts of Gujarat i.e. Bharuch, Surat, Narmada,

Surendranager, Dang, Jamnagar and Junagadh, apart from these it also has outreach in and

Khandwa, Barwani, Burhanpur and Khargone districts of MP further in Samastipur and

Muzaffarpur districts of Bihar also. AKRSP (I) is operating in these districts through field

teams called Spear Head Team (SHT) and it is headed by Area manager (AM) and

Programme Specialists of various discipline which is further supported by accounts,

administration and other staffs.

AKRSP (I) believes in decentralize way of work and decision making, hence the field team

have further been decentralized into small groups comprising experts of different disciples

and called Cluster Office (CO) which is headed by Cluster Manager (CM). The team

structure at the field offices is similar to the central office but there are differences in the

level of experiences and qualification.


17

Chapter: 2 Literature Review The implementation of comprehensive Tribal Development Programmes in Gujarat since

1995 and in Maharashtra since 2000 had provided several insights for NABARD in framing

strategies for holistic development of tribal regions. The Tribal Development Programmes

were externally supported by German bank, KfW (Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau) who

have chosen NABARD as Indian partner and project implementation at ground level was

taken up by BAIF, one of the renowned nongovernmental organizations in natural resource

management sector.

The central focus of the ADPs is “wadi” (small orchard) together with suitable soil

conservation, water resource development measures and other measures for improving the

quality of tribal life such as community health & sanitation, women development,

institutional development, etc. The wadi model has been acclaimed worldwide as a

sustainable and replicable model for poverty alleviation. The project was presented as a

successful replicable model for poverty alleviation in the developing countries at the UNDP

Forum of Ministers for Poverty and Environment in New York, USA in 1999 as well as at the

Global Dialogue in Hanover, Germany. This project was also exhibited in the “Basic Needs

Pavilion” at the Expo-2000, GmbH, Hanover.

The "Wadi" programme sponsored by Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (KfW), Germany is

under implementation in two states: Gujarat since 1995: Valsad (Dharampur & Kaprada

blocks) and Dangs Maharashtra since 2000: Nasik (Peint, Triambak & Surgana blocks) and

Thane (Mokhada block). Since 2007 another Wadi Programme has been launched in Dangs

and Valsad districts of Gujarat named as ADPG - Phase 2 with the financial assistance from

KFW Germany.

Dr. Manibhai Desai, the Founder of BAIF came across the tribals of Vansda block in south

Gujarat in the mid 70‟s and realized that inspite of receiving relief from time to time from

various donor agencies, their quality of life has sharply declined. He also observed that in the

process of harnessing the benefit of relief measures, the tribal families had lost confidence in

them and were suffering from a dependency syndrome. He also noticed that most of the

tribal’s, both – men as well as women had turned to alcohol mostly brewed from local mahua

flowers to drown their miseries and to overcome starvation. Illiteracy, starvation and ill-

health became a way of life for these unfortunate tribals. To reverse this process, he launched

a programme to rehabilitate these tribal families on their own lands through reforestation.


18

This ambitious project was sanctioned by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,

Government of India with the objective of establishing fuel wood plantations on the degraded

private lands owned by the tribal’s. However, the response from the target families was very

lukewarm. They were also doubtful about the viability of the programme to generate income.

Hence, extensive dialogues were carried out between the BAIF field staff and tribal families

to identify their needs. The tribal’s expressed their preference for fruit trees instead of

forestry species. Thus, a new model was developed to combine fruit trees as the main crop

and forestry species on bunds and borders. As BAIF had put a condition that only those

willing to give up alcohol could participate in the programme, the initial response was poor

and the programme was started with only 42 families. Food security during the gestation

period was posing a major concern and hence inter-cropping was introduced. Some wage

support was also provided even for working on their own fields as they had no surplus money

even to buy their ration.

A multi-disciplinary project was launched with the support of CAPART in 1988. This project

made a significant impact in the surrounding villages. The programme did bring a significant

improvement in the quality of life. As anticipated, women played a leading role which

contributed to the success. Extension Officers visited the field regularly not only to advise

and ensure better growth of the plants but also to motivate them to sustain their hard work.

Formation of Self Help Groups of women and men, establishing village level planning

committees to organize essential support services and linkages of these groups with financial

institutions were the other components to implement the programme more efficiently.

Finally, it was felt necessary to find a reliable market for the produce once the trees started

bearing after 4-5 years.

The Hunger Project (USA) provided finance to support 1000 families in the adjoining

villages in Vansda block. German Development Bank (KfW) provided a major support under

bilateral assistance through NABARD for replicating the programme in 150 villages in

Vansda, Dharampur and Dangs. Suitability of different fruit crops were studied through

action-research. Initially, the tribal’s preferred mango. Subsequently, after seeing the field

demonstration, they accepted other fruit crops such as cashew, Indian gooseberry, custard

apple, tamarind, jujube (ber), depending on the soil productivity and availability of moisture.

Over the last two decades, the wadi has been transformed into a multidisciplinary programme

for rehabilitation. The essence is to provide sustainable livelihood from an acre (0.4 ha) of

land for the participating poor family. Each wadi owner can earn Rs 20,000-25,000 annually

from this small plot of land, once the trees start bearing fruits. There are further opportunities


19

to enhance the income through other supplementary activities. Initially, motivation, imparting

skills and providing critical inputs were the key components. Providing means of livelihood

during the gestation period was very critical. This is being organized through promotion of

agriculture in the inter-space, introduction of short gestation cash crops, processing of food

and herbal medicines, livestock and poultry husbandry are some of the opportunities which

helped the participating families to generate income till the orchards started bearing fruits.

Micro-credit is being organized through SHGs and their linkage with financial institutions to

take up these activities. During this process, local organizations are also strengthened and

linked with the external world, particularly the Government development agencies, financial

institutions, market outlets and Panchayati Raj instituitons. Thus they will be able to continue

their responsibilities even after completion of the project.

Presently, wadi is a major programme of socio-economic rehabilitation of the tribal’s and

other backward sections of the society. The programme has relevance for all sections of the

society and is replicable throughout the country. Wadi is not only a programme for providing

food security and ecological restoration, but it is also a strong foundation to build the local

capabilities to initiate other community development programmes for socio-economic

development. It is a programme demonstrating the feasibility of ecological restoration with

poverty eradication. Naturally, the impact of this programme can be measured in terms of

additional employment generation, increase in the family income, and reduction in migration,

food security, good health, improved literacy, greater awareness and high moral values. Many

women and men have occupied important positions in Panchayati Raj Institutions and local

cooperatives. The programme addresses the problems of the poor which can be replicated

throughout the country. It provides sustainable income, clean environment and better quality

of life.


20

Chapter 3: Methodology The study entailed a detailed review of literature together with collection and analysis of

primary and secondary data. Sample design acknowledges sample collection, both primary

and secondary data and deciding tools for data collection to identify cost benefit and break

even Points. Field work includes survey through structured questionnaire with personal

interview and general discussion.

3.1 Research Design South Gujarat region was selected for the research on horticulture crops specifically mango

grown in that area. The reason for the selection is that, AKRSP (I) has works last 10 years on

wadi project in this region. And this project timeline will be complete end of this year.

3.2.1. Selection of area:

The project implementation area is tribal South Gujarat Region, but selected area for making

case study in Surat dist. Block Mandvi and Umarpada, in Bharuch dist. Valia block and in

Narmada dist. Dediapada and Sagbara block.


21

Above map shows that working area of wadi-project. Project needed to visit all highlighted

area in map especially mango-wadi covered from these areas.

3.2.2. Identification of project elements:

Primary research is done on the basis of the project elements; the institutional linkages of the

project such as Seedlings, planting material, fertilizers, and pesticides and for availability of

input supplier, and then AKRSP (I) officials for find out the procedural plans for monitoring

and EC funding of project.

3.2.3. Collection of primary data:

Primary data are collected through structured questionnaire with personal interview. The

questionnaire was checked beforehand and necessary corrections were made. The revised

questionnaire was finalized for survey. Interviews and general discussions were conducted

about some facts, issues before and present situation of the Mango-wadi.

3.2.4. Collection of Secondary Data:

The most valuable secondary sources of information collected from AKRSP (I) office,

website of Horticulture, ministry of Horticulture, department of Horticulture, wadi and State

Horticulture Board. A detailed personal interview conducted in three dist. of Surat, Narmada,

Bharuch.

3.3 Methods of Data Analysis:

Excel is used as a major tool for analysis of primary data. The other tools like averages,

percentage, profit and loss account, Gross Return, Return Over paid out cost, total variable

cost, benefit cost ratio, internal rate of return, net present value by different financial ratio

analysis and sensitivity analysis for risk.

3.4. Limitations of the assignment:

1. Reach to the tribal areas of the project where transportation is difficult. Due to lack of

transportation facility.

2. At length interviews of the mango-wadi owners were not possible due to time

constraint on the part of the interviewee.

3. Gap of communication


22

Chapter: 4 Findings & Analysis: In 1997, boundary plantation of mango trees was started in Netrang cluster of Gujarat state.

Then the wadi project came in existence by AKRSP (I) in 2002 in following cluster.

Following table shows all the beneficiaries covered under wadi project in different cluster of

Gujarat state and area covered in each cluster, provided saplings and their survival rate.

Table 4.1: Horticulture beneficiaries of TSG

Cluster Name Total Beneficiaries

Area (In Hect.) Provided Saplings

Saplings Survival (%)

Dediyapada 4430 332.21 94080 78.42

Mandvi 1710 235.24 26962 85.60

Netrang 2549 220.36 67854 60.42

Sagbara 4524 757.98 99896 89.32

Umarpada 1289 66.6 4404 96.84

Grand Total 14502 1612.39 293196 82.54

(Source: AKRSP (I) data base 2010)

4.1 Land Holding pattern: Cropping pattern of these clusters is more dependent upon rain water than irrigation sources

like open well, canal and tube well. In irrigated land, near about sixty percent of land is used

for agriculture and remaining for horticulture. Where farming is totally based on rain water,

people do only agriculture and no one does horticulture in rain fed, they want irrigation

source for doing horticulture.


23

Graph: 4.1.1 Land Holding Pattern

(Source: Survey)

4.1.1 Area Utilized For Wadi:

Wadi project is the new intervention come in picture for development in horticulture. Farmers

have taken wadi of 0.5-2.5 acre and they are doing intercropping in between mango-wadi. It

was found that near about fifty percent people is doing wadi in 0.85 to 1.75 acre of land.

After that 45% of are doing in 0.1 to 0.84 acre of land. And only one person is found that he

doing wadi in more than 1.76 acre of land. In that, farmers take intercrops like paddy,

vegetables, red gram, maize, Soybean, wheat, cotton etc so this becomes their additional

income. In first year AKRSP (I) give input cost for making mango-wadi, also farmers used

firm yard manure to in it .

Chart: 4.1.2 Area Utilize for wadi

(Source: Survey)


24

4.2 Mango Survival Trees: Mango-wadi project started in 2002 but some people got mango boundary plantation in 1997

as well as in 2002. AKRSP (I) has given mango inputs like Seedlings, Fertilizer, Equipments,

Pesticides, Drip irrigation and more. Some seedlings died within 2-3 years and AKRSP (I)

provided new seedlings to maintain wadi.

Data collection five cluster was done of Netrang, Dediyapada, Sagbara, Mandvi, Umarpada

based on personal interview of 20 beneficiaries of mango wadi. Mango survival rate is 91%

and it is good survival rate due support of AKRSP (I) to farmers like replantation.

Chart: 4.2.1 Mango Tree Survival

(Source: Survey)

4.3 Average per Tree production of mango-wadi: Last eight year(2004-2012) data shows that, production per tree started as below:

In Dediyapada cluster production started from 2007 and of mango production was very less

in the first three years and every year slightly increasing but later in the fifth year, production

increased up to thrice than the third year. The highest production of the Dediyapada cluster

was 14 kg per Tree.

In Sagbara cluster the production started from 2007 and in first year farmers got 10 Kg per

tree production but next year the production reduced and then every year production

increased. Last year 17 KG was the average per tree production

In Mandvi cluster production started from 2008, productivity here was better compared to

other clusters. In first year they got five KG average production tree. In second year

production increased to the triple of the previous year. In the last year production was around


25

30 Kg per Tree. In this cluster many people have irrigation source that AKRSP (I) has

provided group wells and canal irrigation facility. Also they got support from organization

about infestation and diseases. Mandvi is largest producer of average per Tree in TSG.

In Umarpada cluster production was started in 2009 and first year they got 10 KG per Tree

production and then after every year production increased. Highest production of mangos in

this cluster is 15 KG per Tree. One of the major problems of Umarpada cluster is

unavailability of water. Due to lack of irrigation production didn’t increase. Some farmers

have Drip irrigation source but many of them are not using drip. In Umarpada cluster many

farmers have not shown interest for making & caring wadi. They just have taken wadi but

they didn’t do any special operation like, cutting, post harvest management, on farm value

addition and more. But still they are getting good production.

In Netrang, Wadi project was started in 2002. Those who planted in 2002, they were start

getting the production in 2007. And those who planted in 1998 they got production in 2004. It

was to be found that overall production of mango is good in Netrang cluster among the entire

cluster. Following diagram shows that the production of mango was fluctuating year by year.

And in 2006 production was highest in Netrang. But in 2011 it was found that the production

decreased to the lowest level due to infestation. Except last year the production in all the

years was good.

In the year when Mango wadi was cultivated, AKRSPI had provided inputs like fertilizers

and pesticides, but later on except first year (when AKRSPI had provided fertilizers and

pesticides) farmers did not applied any fertilizer and pesticide in all successive years, so it

affected on healthy growth of the Wadi and ultimately on production or yield, farmers could

not met the production level which a ideal Mango Wadi has.


26

Graph: 4.3.1 Average per tree production in TSG

(Source: Survey)

4.4 Mango-wadi average net returns: The following graph shows the net return of farmers from year 2002-2010. In first year, net return observes to be negative. Thereafter production goes on increasing successively from 2003 to 2009 but in last year due to some pest attack and insect attack production goes down than previous year.

Graph: 4.4.1 Average Net Returns:

(Source: Survey)

Net return calculated as:

Net return= Gross return- Total variable cost (expenses)

IN KG


27

4.5 Breakeven point: Following table shows the number of farmers and their initial money invested recovery years

in mango wadi project. As per table, 6 farmers get back his initial money investment in

mango wadi project in first year likewise 3 farmers gets in third year and so on as per below

table.

Chart: 4.5.1 breakeven point

Year No. of Farmers 1st 6 3rd 3 4th 3 5th 2 6th 2 7th 1 8th 1

(Source: Survey)

4.6 Post Harvest Management After production of mango, farmers didn’t go for sorting, grading and cleaning the produce in

different category, because lack of awareness about grading and sorting and benefits after

these process. They stored the mangos in home, due to unavailability of warehouse facility in

the region. Some farmers are selling the produce in the nearest market of Shelamba, Mandvi,

Dediyapada, Jankhavav, etc. some farmers are using Mango federation for selling the

mangos, which was formed by AKRSPI in Gandevi. Also as per the convince some of them

sale the Mangos in Surat, Ankaleshwar market.

4.7 Changes in Income: Before the wadi intervention, people were migrated to other places for work like agri labor,

construction field. And they were growing only in tradition way of farming. After

intervention of wadi, people were practicing new intervention like intercropping, SRI,

WADI, for taking cash crops it may includes vegetables like parwal, Brinjal, Tomato, Same

beans, Onion, Ladies finger. Due to all these new intervention their income pattern also

changed. Following two bars shows that how much of income has been increased after

intervention. Almost 130% income increased as compared with 10 years ago. It was the

incredible change due accepting new intervention.


28

Graph: 4.7.1 Change in Income

(Source: Survey)

4.8 Migration Status: As the income increases after intervention, the people stopped migrating. They used to

migrate for more income but after intervention of wadi and all allied intervention to wadi,

they are getting more money than they earned when they migrated.

Following bar diagram shows, how much of migration is being reduced due to all

intervention. More or less hundred percent of migration has been reduced.

Graph: 4.8.1 Migration Status

(Source: Survey)


29

Chapter: 5 Conclusion & Recommendations:

5.1 Conclusion: The Wadi programme is implemented in the area where the rainfall is above 1000 mm or in

other areas having reliable source of water. A family with less than 1 ha land with reliable

market outlet will earn Rs.10000-15000 per annum, after 4-5 years when the tree start to give

yield. The gestation period is very critical. During this period, the participating families need

some support in the form of employment to sustain their basic needs. However, activities

such as vegetable cultivation and intensive use of the inter space for production of food,

vegetables and cash crops are essential. With the establishment of wadi, the beneficiaries feel

secure and do not migrate to urban areas with all the members of the families. Thus, they

develop an inclination to maintain various species of livestock. This is an additional source of

income for the family. Thus, by participating in tree-based farming with 0.2 to 1 ha land, a

family is able to come out of poverty.

At first beneficiaries did not show interest in making wadi but after 4-5 year getting

horticulture yield they have shown interest in wadi. And many farmers got support for drip

irrigation from AKRSP (I) but they don’t use these technologies in horticulture. Many

farmers have gone for only 0.5 & 1 acre wadi due to lack of irrigation facilities. Before

horticulture intervention they used to follow traditional farming and were getting fewer

yields. But now the condition of beneficiaries has changed and they grow vegetables and cash

crops and have irrigation facility in their lands. Also, farmers are now showing interest in

horti-marketing and AKRSP (I) is forming a federation for mango marketing in this area.

Farmers’ income has also risen with this intervention.

As it is the holistic approach of development it includes all the factors with an approach to

sustainable livelihood and better quality of life.

Wadi beneficiaries used inputs only when AKRSP (I) provided them in the initial period.

Later they never used fertilisers and pesticides until the production started. Hence the yield is

40% lesser than the expected yield.


30

5.2 Recommendations: 1. A storage facility should be made in this region for storage of fruits as the perishable

& getting good price fruits.

2. Provide training programme & exposure visit on post harvest management as

especially on farm value addition.

3. Provide suitable market for mango yield, that they have to sell in the market and get

good value for their producing yield.

4. As the farmers do not prefer to use fertilisers and pesticides unless any external

support is provided, monitoring of the beneficiaries and constant guidance and

support is necessary so that the objective of the intervention is fulfilled.


31

Chapter: 6 Case Studies

Case -6.1 Ajaybhai Hursimbhai

Village: Kambodia

Block: Netrang

Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)

Occupation: Agriculture

Own Land: 10 acre

Irrigated Land: 3 acre

Age: 28 years

Mob No. +91-9909238716

Education: 12th std.

Background:

Ajaybhai has two sons, one is in primary school and another is in KG school. Ajay’s father

died five year ago. His father was a Doctor. After his father death, he has to own the

responsibility of his family.

He has 10 acre of land in that 3 acre land is irrigated and 7 acre land is on rain fed. For

irrigation source he have one open well as well as one bore well but both of them are not

working throughout the year. He uses the electric motor for lifting water from well for that he

pays 200-250 Rs monthly.

Before, Wadi he was growing only paddy. That time he took single crop through the year.

Also he dint get not much of yield from single crop. Then he thought we can change our

cropping pattern and make some cash crops like, Soyabean, Red gram, Ground nut and some

vegetable crops that he growing in this year.

Support:

In 2003, AKRSP (I) has conducted meeting in his village. He attended that meeting then he

thought that “can I take one acre wadi?” He discussed with his family members but some

people were not ready to take. Then he explained all benefits of mango wadi and finely he

took wadi in his one acre land. First he did land leveling and then he dig open well and got an

irrigation facility then he took wadi, he got 20 Keshar and 30 Rajapuri seedlings.

He got interest to dig a well for making mango-wadi for better irrigation. Then he thought

that “I should go for organic farming in this wadi.” first year he took Soyabean & Red gram


32

for intercropping in this wadi. He used to give a two trolley F.Y.M. fertilizer for every year in

one acre wadi land; still his dint used any chemical fertilizer but his use chemical pesticides

for mango and other crops.

Also, in Kamodia village there is 15 farmers’s got mango-wadi in 2003, people are showing

their interest for mango-wadi and they conducted every meeting for every month and discuss

some agriculture problems they are facing. Also previous year they sold mango to Gandevi

market through AKRSP (I).

They form one group for mango marketing. Before two year they sold mango to village

market or Netrang local market but they didn’t get that much of price, but now they formed

group and sold mango to juice making factory.

Graph: 6.1.1 Mango Production

Above table shows the increase in production of mango – wadi production how to increase

per plant production in year by year, last year he got 15 quintals production of wadi.

Changes:

When he has done H.S.C. that time he wanted to do agriculture and wants to work in his own

farm but he didn’t have that much of knowledge at that time. Then he did in tradition way of

agriculture that time he grows only on rain fed agriculture.

Then sometimes he used to think that I should do something for irrigation source? Then he

took bore well & Open well and he got water in open well this time to still he growing two

times crop in a year.

After some days he got AKSRP(I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and some village exposure

visit, in this exposure visit, he have seen SRI method, mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in

nearby places he had visited in last 10 years.


33

Table 6.1.1 Income through animal Husbandry:

Animal Husbandry 2008 2009 2010 2011

Month in year 10 9 10 10

Lit./Rs. 18 21 23 26

Per day milk in Lit. 5 5 6 6

Total gives milk in year 1500 1350 1800 1800

Total amount in year 27000 28350 41400 46800

Also, he has one cow, four buffalo. He sells 7 lit/day milk to dairy. He is getting more

support for his sustainable livelihood. AKRSP (I) has been provided finance for buying cow

in 2010. Actually before giving loan he had buffalo but he didn’t sold milk. Since from last

two year he sold 7 lit. / Milk in a day. Also he is constructing a new home in his village. This

year he planned to sell mango to Gandevi market that will give more profit and more prices.

Also, he wants a fruits and vegetable “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP (I) gives

in this area some vegetable mandap (stacking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi but

people not get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then

that gives us much more profit.

Table 6.1.2. Intercropping cost & benefits analysis of mango-wadi:


34

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007

Crop Soyabean

Red gram

Mango Bajari Makai

Mango

Ground nut Maize

Mango

Sorghum

makai

Mango

Red gram

Ground nut

Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 1 0 2 0.8 3 1 5 1 2.5 2 2 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1409 1288 0 571 590 1624 599 901 879 2423 1670 1500 Gross Return 11272 1288 0 1142 472 4872 599 4505 879 6057 3340 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 2000 Equipments 1150 Seeds 450 100 200 100 1000 100 150 100 200 1200 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 600 1500 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Pesticide 300 200 800 500 600 500 500 300 600 500 Water Charges 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 labor cost 500 300 900 300 240 300 1600 400 300 480 400 300 320 1200 600 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2450 1200 6950 1500 1340 1800 4200 1500 1800 1630 1500 1800 1820 4000 2100 Net return (gross return-TC) 8822 88 -6950 -358 -868 -1800 672 -901 -1800 2875 -621 -1800 4237 -660 900 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.60 1.07 0.00 0.76 0.35 0.00 1.16 0.40 0.00 2.76 0.59 0.00 3.33 0.84 1.43 Total exp. 2003

10600 4640 7500 4930 7920

Total Income 12560 1614 5471 5384 12397


35

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011

Crop Sorghum Red gram Mango

Red gram

Same beans Mango

Red gram

Same beans Mango

Red gram

Same beans Mango

Yield(Kg/Acre) 4 1 9 2 8 11 2 10 13 2 5 15 value of (Rs./Kg) 692 2115 1500 2191 900 1800 2165 1000 2500 3211 1200 2000 Gross Return(A+B) 2768 2115 13500 4382 7200 19800 4330 10000 32500 6422 6000 30000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 200 200 300 200 300 200 300 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Pesticide 300 500 300 600 500 300 1000 500 300 1000 1000 Transportation 200 200 Water Charges 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 labor cost 400 400 1000 500 2500 1250 500 2500 1250 500 1500 1250 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1600 1900 2500 2000 4400 2950 2000 4800 2950 2000 3800 3250 Net return (gross return-TC) 1168 215 11000 2382 2800 16850 2330 5200 29550 4422 2200 26750 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 1.73 1.11 5.40 2.19 1.64 6.71 2.17 2.08 11.02 3.21 1.58 9.23 Total exp. 6000 9350 9750 9050 Total Income 18383 31382 46830 42422 Net Returns 12383 22032 37080 33372


36

Graph: 6.1.2 Wadi Net Returns:

Initial four years, there has been no notable income through agriculture. Initially in first year

the farmer started growing cash crop but there as not so good production. In second year

framer has tried to grow fodder for animals. Then farmer has made comparison between these

crops seeing which one gives more net return. From fifth year onwards, when horticulture

crops started producing income, gave considerable change in income through the agricultural

practices and has supplemented overall income through agriculture. Even after getting

income through horticulture, there has been good progress in income through other crops like

same beans (Dolichas lablab), as the horticulture crops provides secured income and has

given confidence for change over the corps.

Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table 1.7


37

Case-6.2 Balwant Umaid Vasava

Village: Kalijaman

Block: Umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 7 acre


Age: 40 years

Mob No. +91-9925089914

Education: 7th std.

Balawant has two sons named as Pradip studying in 10th and Prakash studied in 12th std. all

together there are seven members in the family. Agriculture is the main source of his family.

Also, he has three sisters they all are married.

He has 7 acre land; out of only two acre land is under irrigation, remaining 5 acre is rain fed.

As irrigation source, he has one open well and it is working out for 10 month in a year. He

uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well.

Also, before intervention the land was sloppy due to which water could not stay in his field.

So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1995, Dinesh Patel AKRSP (I) employee

came to his village and conducted meeting about land leveling also he got support and land

was well leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way. And also, he has done

banding to his farm.

Balawant is well known person in his village, in his village he is president of “GRAM

VIKAS MANDALI” there is 11 committee members. And this committee is formed before

15 year.

Kalijaman is 3 km far from kevdi local market, 16 km far from jankhavav local market and

90 km farm from Surat city market.

In Kalijaman, AKRSP (I) has done lot of work and people got benefited to services like, Bio-

gas 12 plant, vermicompost, Bugger pata, Animal Husbandry-45, group open well, mobile

engine, Gabion, Equipment, Hybrid seeds, SRI, Wadi, Banding, Land leveling, Ground nut

harvester machine and some other. Kalijaman is comes under hilly area there is lot of waste

land available in before intervention. Now many people have grown minimum on time in a

year due to land leveling and banding has been done.


38

From 1995, to till now AKRSP (I) working in this village but in 2003, they came on the

mango-wadi project. And they conducted meeting that time he has attended this meeting.

Then 14 people have agreed to take mango-wadi in own land.

In his village main problem is irrigation facility is not well because people think no water.

Because they can grow only in rainy season they think after December water level to goes to

low level and where to get water to mango plant.

In 2003, he took half acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 11 keshar and 11 Rajapuri

seedlings but after some time 1 Keshar plants are dead. Now he has 21 mango plants in his

mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim

Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and he has done all work of wadi from labor. He

gives some F.Y.M. and pesticides. Before one year he buys one spay for pest attack on

mango.

In intercropping he took first year paddy and Red gram he get good yield and next four year

he grow only fodder then from 2008 he grows only paddy and pearl millet that is last five

year taken this crops.

Mango-wadi production chart:

Last 3 year he gives mango production every year his production has been increase and he get

money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some plant then production was

increase he got 2, 5 quintal respectively production, last year he got more production because

he has done on pest attack practices.

Graph 6.2.1 Average per Tree production of mango


39

Table: 6.2.1 Animal Husbandry:

Animal Husbandry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Month in year 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Average Lit./Rs. 15 15 18 20 22 25 28 32

Per day milk in Lit. 5 5 6 6 6 7 5 7

Total milk in year 1050 1050 1260 1260 1260 1470 1050 1470

Total amount in

year 15750 15750 22680 25200 27720 36750 29400 47040

He has 1 cow and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That

every day he sell 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 30-35 Rs. /lit.

Mango-wadi Net Returns:

In year 2003, Paddy and Red gram was cultivated as intercrops, applied fertilizers and

pesticides and provided other inputs. But did not even get amount he spent for growing these

crops, for next four year he focused on fodder crops only for livestock that he had. From fifth

year onwards, when horticulture crops started producing income, shown considerable change

in income level through the agricultural practices and has supplemented overall income

through agriculture. Even after getting income through horticulture, there has been good

progress in income through other crops like Paddy and Water melon, as the horticulture crops

provides secured income and has given confidence for change over the corps. Now there life

has been improved then before.

Breakeven point in 7th year see annexure table 1.7

Graph: 6.2.2 Mango-wadi net returns

Table: 6.2.2 intercropping of mango wadi


40

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 Crop Paddy Red gram Mango pearl millet Mango pearl millet Mango pearl millet Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Kg/Acre) 4 1 0 7 0 4 0.5 6 2 5 5 value of (Rs./Kg) 624 1288 0 976 1222 1800 1287 2000 943 2000 Value of Crop (A) 2496 1288 0 6832 0 4888 900 7722 4000 4715 10000

Gross Return(A+B) 2496 1288 0 6832 0 4888 900 7722 4000 4715 10000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 880 Equipments 750 1200 Seeds 200 100 200 200 200 240 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 240 240 3600 400 3000 400 400 450 Pesticide 200 300 900 1200 Water Charges 90 90 180 180 180 225 labor cost 450 240 1550 800 400 800 320 1000 750 1000 750 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 980 870 7080 1580 3400 1580 320 1780 2850 1915 1950 Net return (gross return-TC) 1516 418 -7080 5252 -3400 3308 580 5942 1150 2800 8050 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.546 1.480 0 4.32 0 3.093 2.81 4.33 1.403 2.46 5.12 Total exp. 8930 4980 1900 4630 3865 Total Income 3784 6832 5788 11722 14715 Net Returns -5146 1852 3888 7092 10850 BCR 0.423 1.37 3.04 2.53 3.80


41

Case- 6.3: Bachubhai Gimia

Village: Ghanekut

Block: Netrang

Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)


Own Land: 1 acre

Irrigated Land: 0.75 Acre

Age: 45 years

Mob No. +91-9586645116

Education: 4th std.

Background:

Bachubhai has two son, both are working in the hotel (Ankleshwar). He is not well in

educated. He didn’t study only because of lack of money and support. Further same things

happened with his children’s Ajay and Chickpea, both of them studied only 7th standard.

Before wadi he had migrated to other place and generated income for livelihood. He got

married at the age of 21. He have 1 acre land in 3differents parts, out of that only 0.75

acreland is under irrigated by canal water. Ghanekhut is 12km from Dediapada and 13 km

from Netrang local market. Mohan bhai is a head of village Ghanekhut, when he went to

Karjan in 1994; he saw mandli of canal irrigation. Then he thought this type of mandali we

formed in our village that gives more sustainable livelihood for village community. He met to

collector and discussed all these issues and collector had visited his village and saw what type

of condition is going on in his village. Collector gave this project of making mandali to Aga

khan foundation. That time villagers came to know to Aga khan, which made 52 members in

a piyat mandali (water user association).

Bachubhai have seven brothers, three of them have wadi and two are doing Agri-labor in

Movi village and rest of them are doing agriculture. In Ghanekhut there is a Dam for

irrigation. In Ghanekhut, there is check dam named as Karajan check dam having 52 member

of his village. In 1994, these 52 members had collected 500 Rs. each for making Karjan

check dam. There were two installed of this collected amount, 15H.P. motor which provide

irrigation water to whole area. Name of this committee is “SHIV PIYAT MANDALI (water

user association) ” and there are nine committee members of this project. He and his three

sons have 1.5 acres of land each. Before Wadi he went to other villages for income that he


42

can repay the loan. Before the wadi project he was growing cotton, Sorghum, kang (local

name) in his field. Due to wadi project he was able to grow vegetables for his daily food

consumption, he said that “hame pahle khane me Javari, kang khate the aur aab rice, wheat,

baingan, brinjal, some vegetables milte hai.” He complained about, that he was not getting

good price for cotton and the yield was also less, about 1 Quintal per acre. As the income

from cotton was less, he had to take loan and then had to migrate in search of work for

repaying the loan.

Support:

In 1995 Aga khan has conducted meeting for making piyat mandali (water user association)

(Water User Association), that time he has attended this meeting and he got more interest in

making piyat mandali (water user association) (Water User Association) in that year. When

mandali was formed in his village then water gets available to people for irrigation. After one

year Aga khan has sell mango seedlings, that time he had buy 3 seedlings in 45 Rs. That time

this was too much amount, and then he planted these seedlings in waste land border. (Mere

pass uss time pe paise the aur aam ke poudhe mil raha tha isse liye lagaya). Then he took

care of these three plants. And after some years in 2004 he got mango production 30kg then

he realize we have to plant more seedlings in our farm. In 2004 he realize from mango plant,

he thought that, I can make one wadi in 0.25 acre in our waste land there is sloppy land which

was pasture land then he received one wadi, that year he got 20 seedlings of mango and now

that survival Trees are only 14 (keshar is 8 and Rajapuri is 6) mango trees Actually he has

done digging for mango plant at own and till now he gives on half trolley F.Y.M. fertilizers to

mango trees. He spend 250 Rs. for pesticide in last 4 years and also he irrigate these plants 8

months in a year and every 15 days gives to tree .Also he get hybrid seeds to growing on

other land and he gets more production from these hybrid seeds also.


43

Graph: 6.3.1 Average per Tree production

As shown in above graph, in year 2004-08 he got production of only three Trees and in 2009

he got production from 14 Trees of mango plants. As he took wadi he gets benefited in

production as well as in his income. Again in year 2009 production reduces to some extent

because more Trees give production. But again his average Trees production is good and last

year his production is decrease due pest attack.

Changes:

He share his experienced of 2007, he said “aam kaise pakate hai pata nahi tha isse liye mera

near about 3 quintal waste ho gaye.” after the loss in income. He came to know about ‘mango

wadi exposure’ and he visited to Junagadh, Bhopal and Nearby places, in 2011 he got

training in Bhopal for after caring of mango, Also he get SRI exposure visit Because of

karjan dam and wadi our village people are satisfied and more happy now. He said that” Isske

pahle goan ke bahot sare log majuri karne ke liye bahar jate the abhi bahot kam log jate hai.”

He has take lease land on paying money to these farmers and generate livelihood.

Also he grow in farm Maize, cotton, Sorghum and other that gives more production and high

price in market. Also he grows paddy in leased land and he used SRI method to grow Paddy.

He grows fodder for animal I Mango wadi. He has 2 cows and gets 8 months milk in every

year from 2008 to till. When he buys this cows and 1st year his sell 10 lit. Milk/day and then

2nd year 6 lit. /day then 3rd year he sell 9 lit./day. That’s why he got more sustainable

livelihood. Now mango-wadi as my summer business for me because his sells mango in his

village and in nearby villages & on highway road.


44

Table: 6.3.1 Mango- Cost benefits analysis:

Village Ghanekhut Waste Land

Year of Wadi 1997 three Trees in boundary 2004

Area of Wadi

0.25

acre

Survival Trees is

34.78 %

Seedlings

Variet

y Keshar 2 0.25 8

Rajapuri 1 0.25 6

Average Per Tree

Production in KG

Yield(Quintal/Acre) 1st Year-2004 0.3 10

2nd Year-

2005 0.8 26.66

3 rd Year-

2006 1.5 50

4th Year- 2007 4 133.33

5th Year- 2008 5 166.67

6th Year-2009 6 42.86

7th Year-2010 8 57.14

Pest attack 8th Year- 2011 2 14.28

Total Production (Quintal) 27.6

Price in KG

Value of mango 2004 8 240

2005 10 800

2006 15 2250

Break Even Point 2007 15 6000

2008 17 8500

2009 20 12000

2010 20 16000

2011 25 5000

Gross Return (In RS.) 50790

Paid out cost of production

Equipment (pawed, Kodaly, Parlay, Talcum, water tank) 2200


45

Seedlings 825

Fertilizer 300

Pesticides 1000

Labor cost (Own) 1500

Transportation (use Bicycle) 0

Water charges 2400

Total paid out cost (A) (TVC) 8225

Return over paid out cost (gross return-A) 42565

BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 6.17


46

Case- 6.4 Bhikubhai Varanashibhai Tadvi

He is living in Shimamli Village. In block Sagbara, Dist. Narmada (GJ). His Occupation is

Agriculture Own Land 1.5 acre, Irrigated Land 1.5 acre. Bhikubhai Age 85 years. Mobile

No. is 7878748210 and Education is 2nd STD.

Background-

Bhikubhai has 4 children, 3 boys & a girl who all are married. He stays with his youngest

son. He and his three sons own 1.5 acres of land each. Shimamli is 5 km from sagbara and 10

km from shelamba local market.

In Shimamli there is a canal for irrigation 600 users of the canal have formed an association

and Bhikubhai is a committee member of this association before Wadi .His son used to

migrate for his livelihood & reply loan before intervention he was growing cotton, Javari,

kang (local name) in his farm

Also, his daily (hame pahle khane me, Javari, kang khate the aur aab rice, wheat, baingan,

brinjal, some vegetables milte hai). He complains that he was not getting good price for

cotton and the yield was also less, about 1 Quintal per acre. As the income from cotton was

less, he had to take loan and then had to migrate in search of work for replying the loan.


47

Support:

In 2003-04 Ajaybhai & Naval singh were visiting Shimamli village and organizing meeting,

regarding wadi and new interventions implemented like SRI. Bhikubhai got good support in

this operation, and he was also a leader in his own village .In the meetings they gave more

information about this project and in shimamli 30 farmers got ready to take wadi in their own

farm.

Also, Bhukubhai decided to take mango-wadi in his farm and then they formed wadi vikas

zut for wadi project and Bhikubhai is a member of this zut, meeting is conducted twice a

year. First, they arranged training in Sagbara, Netrang, Rajpipala, Navsari and some exposure

visits on wadi farm. Bhikubhai got more practical knowledge about mango-wadi in his wadi

project. He was in regular touch with AKRSP (I) Para workers and Sagbara office, he

attended monthly meetings too.

Also, he got timely operation information from the Sagbara office (Which fertilizer to be

used? Where to buy in cheap price and good quality? Pest attack etc) .When he got canal

water in his farm, he made some changes in agriculture pattern which results in less input

cost and more yield.

Impact and process:

In 2003, he undertook 1 acre land, which he took another 2 acre and later handed over the 2

acre land to his son. When he undertook wadi project, he received 40 mango seedlings from

AKRSP (I) and also some equipment, fertilizers, pesticides, training and agricultural

information. He carried out the whole process mango plantation in his farm.

Also, he had provided with F.Y.M. (farm yard manure) 10 tractor because to grow more

mango production. According to him he gets more of rainfall in his area annually. For heavy

rainfall, farmers don’t give more water to field.

Also, he has undertaken cultivation of paddy and Red gram in an intercropping pattern and

gets 15 quintal paddy and 5 quintal tuber and it regarded as a good production in 1 acre land.

He told (abhi tak mere jindgi me itna jyada production kabhi nahi mila tha).In this year he

gives to water to plant on his hard work and without hiring labor. Then next three year he

cultivates chili, Brinjal and tomato had a good production.

Then last five year he did only fodder making for his animal husbandry that gives more

money. He get 6 lit milk in 10 month in one year from buffalo and sell to village dairy and

get 23-27 Rs. /lit. Price and that gives more support to his livelihood. He takes more care of

mango-wadi like mulching, regular cutting and other related activity. In 2007 receives mango

but this year he was not so much satisfied with the production.


48

Graph: 6.4.1 Average per graph production

He takes production in 2008 1 quintal for HH utility. Then next three year he take 4, 5, 7

quintal respectively. He didn’t hire labor for any operation of mango till now and take care

own. He harvest 3-4 times in mango plantation and store in his home, his sell agriculture

yield in Shelamba local market 10 km far from his village. He sell own in shelamba it gives

him more money and good price for mango which reflects in his satisfaction.

Many people buy for pickle preparation and some people are also booked to prepare pickle.

Mango production finally profiteer the farmer in month of June that help in kharif in that

money they can buy seeds, fertilizers, herbicides. Main thing is agricultural production

provides financial support to them because previous they cultivate cotton and Javari, kang

this crop cannot generate more income for the family and cotton benefits a lot but not up to

the mark.

Mr. suresh bhai went 3 days tour to in Maharashtra as (Shirdi sai baba, Ralegand,

Ridhi Sidhi, Nashik and some other places) in this period he get exposure visit to good

intervention applied in Ralegand .Now he is satisfied with his production. He has bank

balance and he can suffer one year. And he stored food grain for 1 yr to get food sufficient.

Also he visited some places of AKRSP (I) and gets much more of experience of mango wadi.


49

Graph: 6.4.2 Mango-Wadi Net Returns:

In above graph, first year gives lots of input cost like, fertilizer, pesticides that it get good

returns and after three year he took some vegetable like, chili, Brinjal and Tomato but in

return he couldn’t get any profit. So in 2008 he changed the crop and started growing fodder

for animals as well as he adopted mango wadi. Started to mango yield but first year he has

not recover input cost and after three year his income increase every year. Now he grows

only fodder for his animal husbandry in intercropping and his life to become change in to

sustainable livelihood.

Breakeven point in 1st year see annexure table:1.7

Table: 6.4.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis


50

Intercropping Cost & Benefit

year of sowing 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Crop

Paddy

(SRI)

Red

gram Mango Chili

Mang

o

Brinja

l

Mang

o

Tomat

o

Mang

o

Mang

o

Mang

o

Mang

o Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 2.5 0.65 10 9 0.5 3.5 4.5 6.5

value of (Rs./Qt) 700 200 500 525 500 1800 1800 2000 2000

Gross Return(A+B) 5600 5000 3250 5250 4500 900 6300 9000 13000


Seedlings 1560

Equipments 1000

Seeds 400 100 200 300 600

Fertilizer 430 300 2050 437 800 950 1200 1200 1200 1200

Pesticide 300 600 400 1150 500 200

Water Charges 100 200 400 600 400

Transportation 100 100 180

labor cost 450 150 360 900 100 1500 100 1200 100 250 250 280 260

Total paid out cost (TVC) 1380 1050 5570 2337 100 4350 100 3650 100 1450 1550 1580 1840

Return over paid out cost (gross

return-C) 4220 3950 -5570 913 -100 900 -100 850 -100 -550 4750 7420 11160

BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.05 4.76 1.39 1.20 1.23 0.62 4.06 5.69 7.06

Total Exp in a year 8000 2437 4450 3750 1450 1550 1580 1840

Total Income 10600 3250 5250 4500 900 6300 9000 13000

Recover amount 2600 813 800 750 -550 4750 7420 11160


51

Case - 6. 5 Dhana bhai Dunger singh

Village: Kavangai

Block: umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 3 acre


Age: 42 years

Mob No. +91-999752657

Education: 6th std.

Background:

Dhana has one son he is in 10th std in Chokhwada village. It is 3 km away from his village.

And he has two daughter both are married. Also, he has two brothers both are working in

agriculture sector, but his family divided before 8 year ago and he stays with father.

Agriculture is the main source of the family. But due to lack of land and less yield from that

his whole family used to migrate for labor work in nearby places.

He has three acre of land that is divided in three different places, and all three acre is irrigated

land. For irrigation source he has one open well but it’s not working throughout the year. He

uses the Diesel engine for lifting water from well to farm. And before intervention he grows

paddy, Red gram, Sorghum, pearl millet, Chickpea and some other crops due to

unavailability of hybrid seeds. But till now he grow paddy in kharif season and in Rabi

season he takes vegetables and Ground Nut in his farm to generate income.

In 1998 he dig open well and got an irrigation facility to his farm but he didn’t have sufficient

balance to buy diesel engine then he migrated every year and saved some money to buy one

mobile engine. In 2001, he buys one mobile engine and that year he gives water to his farm.

From 2001, he has growing crops in two times in year. Before that he was taking only one

crop by using rain fed. Now he takes took some vegetable and cash crops like Cotton,

Soybean, Red gram, Paddy, Tomato, Brinjal, onion and others.

In 2005, AKRSP (I) comes in Mango-wadi project in this area. Ram bhai and Sumitra bahen

went to his village and conducted meetings but people were not ready to take wadi then they

gave some examples of wadi project. And also they conducted 4-5 times meetings then


52

finally only four people were ready to take wadi. He is one of them. These guys have

explained all benefit of mango-wade and how to change our agriculture pattern? Because

people are not ready to change agriculture pattern.

He got 40 mango seedlings (37 keshar and 3 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he

prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (hoe,

sickle, spade, vermin compost, pesticides and Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant

spacing in between each tree is 10X10 meter; finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.

Since from three year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in

Umarpada market & Jankhava Local market. Also, his mango yield increase by every year.

He gives some fertilizers and pesticides for increase in yield.

Before some year ago he got AKRSP (I) training in Pathadi, Kabri Pathar and Netrang and

also he got exposure visit in these places he got Jut Training, SRI Training and visit exposure

of mango-wadi in nearby places.

Graph : 6.5.1 Average per graph production

In above graph he horticulture yield has increase every year and he gives water to this land

and gets production increase. And he got 4 kg per Tree production in first year and next two

year he got 7, 9 kg respectively per Tree in two year.

He said that, “first I didn’t take interest to making-wadi but when he got some production

from this wadi then he realized that because of wadi his life become more sustainable.”

Also, he got Bio-Gas plant and sanitation from AKRSP (I) that is helping him for cooking

food. And he has one cow that he is doing milk business. Every day he sell 10 litter milk. He

sells milk to dairy.


53

Graph : 6.5.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:

In year 2005 he grown Wadi and implemented drip irrigation system and given other inputs

and cultivated Ground nut and Paddy as inter crops, But did not earn even the input cost. In

next three year he started growing vegetable crops in rotation with Paddy and Ground nut,

onion, tomato and brinjal etc. so his per annum income was fluctuating in all these three year.

In 2009 he started getting yield and thereby returns from Wadi so his income per year started

increasing every year.

Breakeven point in 4th year see annexure table:1.7


54

Table: 6.5.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis

year of sowing 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008

Crop Paddy Ground Nut Mango Paddy Ground Nut Paddy Onion Paddy Tomato Brinjal

Yield(Qt./Acre) 5 1 6 1 6 8 5 2 2 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 587 1624 610 2155 681 520 921 700 900 Gross Return 2935 1624 0 3660 2155 4086 4160 4605 1400 1800 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 8750 Seeds 100 500 100 500 100 20 150 20 20 Fertilizer 600 600 600 600 700 Pesticide 300 0 200 0 100 100 Water Charges 240 240 240 120 120 labor cost 900 450 600 900 450 900 600 1200 400 400 cost of production (C ) 1600 1190 11850 1600 1190 1600 1060 2050 640 640 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1335 434 -11850 2060 965 2486 3100 2555 760 1160 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.83 1.36 0.00 2.29 1.81 2.55 3.92 2.25 2.19 2.81 total cost 14640 2790 2660 3330 total income 4559 5815 8246 7805 recover income -10081 3025 5586 4475


55

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 Crop Paddy Tomato Onion Mango Paddy Brinjal Tomato onion Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Qt./Acre) 5 1 5 4 7 1 1 3 7 7 9 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1001 1000 1306 2000 920 800 500 639 2000 943 2000 Gross Return 5005 1000 6530 8000 6440 800 500 1917 14000 6601 18000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings Equipments Seeds 240 200 20 240 20 20 20 240 Fertilizer 700 850 1000 Pesticide 100 100 0 100 100 100 300 300 Transportation 150 150 Water Charges 200 200 200 200 200 labor cost 1200 400 400 400 1500 500 500 500 500 1500 500 cost of production (C ) 2140 900 720 400 2590 820 820 820 950 2740 950 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2865 100 5810 7600 3850 -20 -320 1097 13050 3861 17050 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 2.34 1.11 9.07 20.00 2.49 0.98 0.61 2.34 14.74 2.41 18.95 total cost 4160 6000 3690 total income 20535 23657 24601 recover income 16375 17657 20911


56

Case- 6.6 Dhanji bhai Kotania

Village: Boridabra

Block: Dediapada

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 6.5 acre

Irrigated Land: 5.5 acre

Age: 54 years

Mob No. +91-9586915846

Education: 4rd std.

Background:

Dhanji is a small farmer living in Boridabra village in state of Gujarat. He has one son is

doing in agriculture, two grandsons and two granddaughters living together. All of them are

studding in primary school. His main occupation is agriculture.

Dhanji has 6.5 acre land and all are irrigated land. Before intervention land was sloppy and

undulating land run of water occurs in that land. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later

support provided by AKRSP (I) land was leveled up. And now Dhanji can do cultivation in

his land. Now his life has become much better than before.

Also, he has one dig a well but this was damaged and not working. But at the same time one

project was running for repairing well. This gave him a hope to get repaired his well. And in

the year, 2007 he joined a group of farmers and dig a big well which could give him

sufficient water for irrigation. In 1995, AKRSP (I) employee Thakur has came to my village

and conducted meeting for watershed management work for Pathadi and Boridabra villages

but this was the NABARD project. Also, AKRSP (I) has done work for land leveling part in

this area that people got benefits from this service.

Before intervention he grows like, Sorghumi, kang, kadra, Banti and more (Local names)

every year he has growing these crops. This crop does not provide any income because

production was not much. And whatever is being produced was used for household

consumption, where mango-wadi could give more output with less input cost.

Now, Dhanji is a well known person in this area because he has done some new intervention

in the process in his farm and knowing this other people visited to see that intervention like,


57

SRI farming procedure. Also, asked people of SRI to adopt this method that could get more

benefit in less input.

Boridabra is 15 km away from Dediapada local market. People used auto rickshaw and jeep

for transportation purpose.

In 2004, again AKRSP (I) brought up new project that is Mango-Wadi project; first they

conducted meetings and explain them what are the benefit from this project. Only three

farmers were ready to take mango-wadi. He bought 40 seedlings of mango (Keshar is 37 and

Rajapuri is 3). He has planted in only 0.75 acre land. Plant spacing in between each tree is

6X6 meter, due to less availability of land. He did cutting for every three year in mango-

wadi.

For adopting this method Dhanji did not bearded any expenses only he did labor work in

wadi. All the input cost was given by AKRSP (I). And since, from last four year he is getting

yield from mango-wadi. Last three year he sold mango to trader in farm.

The plan of wadi was becoming fruitful, seeing this progress he thought to take one more in

2008. In this wadi he could adopt 96 Trees. And this way he continued and today he is very

well known person in his village.

Graph: 6.6.1 Mango-wadi per Tree production:

In above table, he getting mango production from 2008 and every year his average

production of per Tree has been increased. And last three year he got 2.5, 10, 15 quintals

respectively.

Dhanji has got some training programme in Netrang, Dediapada and some field visit of

mango-wadi in nearby his village.


58

Also, he is doing intercropping in this wadi he took only same beans and Red gram this is to

support to income generation and mango-wadi give him to water in this plant.

Now he has one buffalo that support to his livelihood and he can sustain in his life. Every day

he sells 4 lit/day milk and he got average price 25-28 Rs.

Graph 6.6.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:

As per the above graph, the farmer had got low net return from wadi as he preferred to take

intercrop as Red gram up to the year 2006; this shows that he couldn’t recover his initial

investment in mango wadi. Year 2006 onward up to 2008 he changed the intercrop as

vegetables because he received irrigation water from AKRSP (I) source group well and this

resulted in considerable high net return from mango wadi. In year 2009, production from

mango wadi gets started and net return from wadi gets increased as he takes again Red gram

as intercrop.

Breakeven point in 4th year see annexure table 1.7

Table 6.6.1 Intercropping cost & benefit analysis:


59


year of sowing 2004 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011

Crop

Red

gram Mango

Red

gram

Red

gram

Same

beans

Same

beans Mango

Red

gram Mango

Red

gram Mango Red gram Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 0.4 0.5 0.4 8 9 0.5 0.8 1 1 4 1 6

value of (Rs./Qt) 1520 1776 2875 1500 1400 1500 1752 1800 2165 2000 3211 2000

Gross Return 608 0 888 1150 12000 12600 750 1401.6 1800 2165 8000 3211 12000


Seedlings 1600

Equipments 750

Seeds 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100

Fertilizer 120 1000 120 120 200 200 170 170 170

Pesticide 100 200 100 100 500 500 200 200 200

Transportation 1200 1200

Water Charges 560 560 140 140 220

labor cost 450 600 450 450 1050 1400 320 600 320 750 400 750 400

cost of production (C ) 720 4150 720 720 3610 3960 320 1210 320 1360 400 1440 400

Return over paid out cost -112 -4150 168 430 8390 8640 430 191.6 1480 805 7600 1771 11600

BCR - TC basis 0.844 0 1.233 1.597 3.3241 3.1818 2.3437 1.1583 5.625 1.591 20 2.229861 30

total cost 4870 720 720 3610 4280 1530 1760 1840

total income 608 888 1150 12000 13350 3201.6 10165 15211

recover income -4262 168 430 8390 9070 1671.6 8405 13371


60

Case-6.7 Dinesh bhai Navalbhai

Village: Motakakadi Amba

Block: Sagbara

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 0.85 Acre

Leased land: 10 acre


Age: 38 year

D.O.B. 6th April, 1974.

Education: B.A.

Contact no. 9099821135

Background:

Dinesh bhai got married in 1998, he has two sons and one daughter, one is in primary school

and other is in 6th class. Dinesh bhai stays with his mother, he has 0.85 acre of land but he

took 10 acre land on lease for generate sustainable livelihood. In 1996, he did B.A. in

Rajpipala village. It is 80 km away from his village. He well is educated person in his village.

His wife is working for a KG school as helper (making some foods in KG school). That gives

support to her family. Also he has one brother; sometimes his brother helped to in agriculture.

After completing his of graduation he worked for 5 year in Oklas luggage making company

Bhoisor (MH). He did hard work in that five years. Also, he got married in those days. But

the salary he got over there was not sufficient for his family and his needs. Then he returned

to his village. He didn’t have any option to generate income for his livelihood. Then he

decided to do work in agriculture while he is well educated.

Also he got well respect in village due he is well educated. After sometimes his wife got job

in KG school as a helper in same village, he got 500 p.m. salary.

First year he has taken only four acre land on lease, after getting some benefit from that.

Again he took more land on lease

And side by side he is working as post of EV in AKRSP (I). He gives information about

Govt. schemes & what type of work AKRSP (I) doing these villages for people.


61

Support:

In 2003, Naina bahen and Ghanshyam bhai has conducted meeting in his village. That time

only five people were ready to take wadi. And he is one of them. He took wadi in his land.

He got 60 seedlings of mango (Keshar is 35 and Rajapuri is 25) but after sometime he faced

the shortage of water for wadi. Out off total seedling he could survive only keshar 35 and 15

Rajapuri till today. Plant spacing in between each tree is 5X5 meter, due to less availability of

land. He did cutting for every three year in mango-wadi.

Still yet he didn’t invest any money for wadi. All the input cost is given by AKRSP (I). paid

of labor work done in wadi. And since, from last four year he is getting yield from mango-

wadi. From last two year he is selling mangos in Surat market, but there only problem he is

facing selling of mangos in surat market is “he have to sell his mangos through traders” for

that he should give the commission to traders.

Changes:

Dineshbahai has got some training programme in Netrang, Sagbara and some field visit of

mango-wadi in nearby his village.


In above graph, last 4 year he gives mango production every year his production has been

increase and he got money. In first year he gives only 4 KG per Trees production from plant

then production was increase he got 5, 10, 14 per Tree production respectively, last year he

got more production because he has done on pest attack practices. Last two year he sells to

Surat market and gets more rates of yield mango.

Also, he is doing intercropping in this wadi. He grows paddy, onion and chili. That he can

sell in nearest market. Chili and onion are the vegetable are being used in KG school.


62

Still now he stays in Kuccha house now he makes a plan of making pucca house. Last year he

got 18000 Rs. from mango-wadi. He said that “mango wadi is like a Pension Plan for me.”


As per above graph, farmer gets considerable fluctuate net return from mango wadi from

2003-2007 period as he took intercrop as vegetables due to availability of water. He got

mango production in 2008 and this resulted in increase in net return three to four times more

than previous year net return. But in year 2011, due to loss in production from intercrop his

net return from wadi gets reduced.



63

Table: 6.7.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis

year of sowing 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Crop Paddy Onion Mango Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Mango Paddy Onion Paddy Onion Chili Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 7 8 0 6 8 6 9 7 8 0 6 8 7 5 1 2 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 699 0 501 338 587 584 610 604 0 681 520 921 1094 4500 1500 Gross Return 4368 5592 0 3006 2704 3522 5256 4270 4832 0 4086 4160 6447 5470 4500 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 240 Equipments 750 Seeds 150 20 150 20 150 20 150 20 180 20 180 20 20 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 600 100 800 600 100 600 100 600 100 750 140 750 70 70 Pesticide 300 75 75 Transportation Water Charges 100 640 100 640 100 640 100 640 150 960 150 800 800 labor cost 600 600 450 600 600 600 600 600 600 120 800 800 800 400 400 320 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1450 1360 2540 1450 1360 1450 1360 1450 1360 120 1880 1920 1880 1365 1365 320 Net return (gross return-TC) 2918 4232 -2540 1556 1344 2072 3896 2820 3472 -120 2206 2240 4567 4105 3135 2680 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.01 4.11 0.00 2.07 1.99 2.43 3.86 2.94 3.55 0.00 2.17 2.17 3.43 4.01 3.30 9.38 Total exp. 2003 5350 2810 2810 2930 3800 4930 Total Income 9960 5710 8778 9102 8246 19417 Net Returns 4610 2900 5968 6172 4446 14487


64

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2010 2011 Crop Paddy Onion Chili Mango Paddy Onion Chili Mango Paddy Onion Chili Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 7 4 1 2.5 7 5 0.8 5 8 0 0 7 value of (Rs./Qt) 1001 1306 5000 1800 920 2337 5000 2000 943 0 0 2000 Gross Return(A+B) 7007 5224 5000 4500 6440 11685 4000 10000 7544 0 0 14000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 180 20 20 240 20 20 240 20 20 Fertilizer (F.Y.M.) 800 100 100 900 100 100 1000 100 100 Pesticide 100 100 100 100 100 100 450 Transportation 250 300 Water Charges 250 800 800 250 800 800 250 800 800 labor cost 800 400 400 320 1000 400 400 400 1000 500 500 500 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2030 1420 1420 320 2390 1420 1420 650 2490 1520 1520 1250 Net return (gross return-TC) 4977 3804 3580 4180 4050 10265 2580 9350 5054 -1520

-1520 12750

BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.45 3.68 3.52 14.06 2.69 8.23 2.82 15.38 3.03 0.00 0.00 11.20 Total exp. 5190 5880 6780 Total Income 21731 32125 21544 Net Returns 16541 26245 14764


65

Case – 6. 8 Karansingh Damniya

Village: Chimipatal

Block: umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 14 acre


Age: 40 years

Mob No. +91-9925670521

Education: 7th std.

Background:

Karan singh has four sons, Nilesh is doing working in Daga Line Company in Wapi, Rahul

has completed 12th std and now he is working in diamond store in Surat, Nipin and chetan are

studying in school. Also, he has two brother and they are doing agriculture.

He has 14 acre land. Out of that 4 acre land is under irrigation, remaining 10 acre is depends

upon rain. As irrigation source he has one open well and it work only six month throughout

the year. He uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well. Due to less water

availability he grow only one time crop in a year, before intervention he grow only paddy,

Red gram, pearl millet cotton, Kang and some other crop. In his village irrigation is main

problem and people grow only one time crop in a year. They are not satisfied doing in

agriculture.

Karan singh is a well known person in his village; in 2002-07 he was a Gram Panchayat

Member. Then he switched there and he joins in watershed project in Taluka Panchayat

projects, also he is SHG group head in his village. Also, his social work has to do in village,

when they face any problem about institutional, Government, and more when they need?

Support:

In 2005, AKRSP (I) came in this village to help people, Members of AKRSP (I) brought new

concept to develop the village and to improve the living condition of the villager’s. when they

comes in wadi project, AKRSP (I) employee Paras and Ramsingh has conducted meeting in

his village, and also karan has attended this meeting he get information about wadi project.

Then Karan singh thought of trying this new concept in 1one acre wadi. As all source of

irrigation is available. In this meeting many people were present but many of them told I


66

don’t have water source. How to get water to mango plant? Then only ten people are ready to

take wadi in own farm.

In 2005, he took one acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 38 keshar and 2 Rajapuri

seedlings but after some time 14 Keshar plants were dead due to less availability of water.

Now he has 26 mango plants in his mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments &

pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and he got

Drip irrigation but he don’t sufficient water to gives drip to mango. And he didn’t take labor

for mango till now for any operation he cares himself. In 2009 he has done pest attack but

that year he is not getting mango then next two year he got flowering but there was no

production till now every year he has suffer from various problems like pest attack, didn’t

make boundary to wadi that why people goes in wadi and do something wrong?

Changes:

Now Karan singh grows ground nut, Red gram, Maize and some other crops in intercropping

pattern. Before wadi he didn’t take any crop in this farm he just use for animal fodder then

after he took wadi and he grow something and he get yield from this intercropping pattern.

He has 1 cow and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That

every day he sells 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 20-25 Rs.

Before intervention he grows something like, paddy, Sorghum, Red gram and cotton but he

didn’t get that much yield but now he do SRI Farming procedure and he use Hybrid seeds

that gives more yield.

Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Chatpada in Dang and got an exposure

to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in Gangapur in mandvi. In this

training he got much more knowledge that he want.


67

Graph: 6.8.1 Mango-wadi Net Income:

As per the above graph, till now from year 2005, farmer hasn’t get production of mango from

wadi. He made investment in drip irrigation in year 2005 resulted in more expenses than

income and net return got decreased in that year. Then onward his net return came down in

negative side as he took this wadi in waste land where there is no more water for irrigation. In

year 2008, 2009 and 2011, net return comes in positive side because there considerable return

from intercrop that he has taken in wadi.


68

Table: 6.8.1 intercropping cost & benefits analysis:

year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011

Crop Ground Nut Mango

Red gram

Red gram Maize Maize Mango

Red gram Mango Maize

Yield(Qt./Acre) 2 0.8 0.6 3 4 0.8 3 Value of (Rs./Qt.) 1624 610 681 921 1001 920 943 Gross Return 3248 0 488 408.6 2763 4004 0 736 0 2829 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 8750 Seeds 750 150 150 100 100 200 100 Fertilizer 500 Pesticide 300 150 200 0 300 200 Water Charges 300 150 150 225 225 200 250 labor cost 600 450 240 240 400 400 240 320 250 500 cost of production (C ) 1650 11600 690 740 725 725 540 920 250 850 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1598 -11600 -202 -331.4 2038 3279 -540 -184 -250 1979 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.97 0.00 0.71 0.55 3.81 5.52 0.00 0.80 0.00 3.33 total cost 13250 690 740 725 1265 1170 850 total income 3248 488 408.6 2763 4004 736 2829 recover income -10002 -202 -331.4 2038 2739 -434 1979


69

Case- 6.9 Dhanji bhai bhai Bondabhai

Village: Khopi

Block: Sagbara

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 1 acre


Age: 38 years

Background:

Dhanji bhai and his four brothers is a farmer. Five year ago his family has been divided and

all of them used to stay separately in different houses. But they used to work together in same

field. Dhanji bhai is younger brother among his family. Dhanji bhai has one daughter. She is

studying in primary school. Dhanji bhai have 1 acre irrigated land. Source of irrigation is

group well. But during summer season water level goes down. Well is constructed by

AKRSP (I) for group of 8 farmers. And there are also group of 8 people for mobile engine.

Dhanji bhai things due to more consumption of water lead to decrease in the level of water

during summer. During summer season he can fetch water for 2hrs only in 2 days for each

person.

Before intervention he has migrated to other place Surat, Valsad and Bardoli for income

generation of livelihood. There he got work of sugar cutting in 6-8 months in every year and

he got only 20-30 Rs. /day. This amount is not sufficient for him to sustain livelihood. After

some time he came back to his village and started doing Agri-labor work because he have

only one acre land that is not sufficient for him. During that time it was joint family, his

eldest brother manage all these things of livelihood.

Khopi is 20 km far from Shelamba local market. Five year ago there was no transportation

facility are available, people used bullock cart for transportation purpose.

Also, due to sloppy and undulating land run of water occurs in that land before intervention.

So it was hard to grow any crops. But later support provided by AKRSP (I) land was leveled

up. And now Dhanji bhai can do cultivation on his own land. Now his life has changed then

before.


70

Support:

When AKRSP (I) come in this village, they conducted meeting and provided us information

about what they won’t to do for us? At that time people was not having faith on those guys.

Only six people have supported them. Taking those six people AKRSP (I) started to work on

mango-wadi of those farmers.

During that time people says (“Ye Aga khan wale bad me apane upper karja dalenge mat jao

unke sath” then “fir bhi humne wadi liya aaj vo wahi ke wahi hai hum unse age nikal Gaye”)

that’s why I took border plantation in my farm.

In 2005, Dhanji bhai took border plantation of mango-wadi in his one acre farm and he got

15 keshar and 20 Rajapuri seedlings but after some time 5 Rajapuri plants are dead. Now he

has 30 mango plants in his mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides

i.e. (Vermicompost, pesticides, spade, hoe and ticum) and he didn’t take labor for mango till

now for any operation he cares his own family.

Last 3 year he is getting yield of mango. Also, he grows cash crop, fodder and vegetable

crops in his wadi. In border plantation of wadi he gives water from his group well.

In intercropping he took vegetables like Brinjal and Ladies finger also he grows Bajari, paddy

and fodder that is useful for his animal husbandry. Actually he took all these cash crops when

he got group well water. Before group well he do only paddy in this farm.

Changes:

Before wadi, Dhanji bhai has done land leveling part and then he took only paddy on that

farm land but could not get much more yield. Then he got group well in eight people that are

helps to farm. He grown some vegetables and sold to village market and nearby villages.

Graph : 6.9.1 Average per Tree production


71

In above graph, last 3 year he is getting good production of mango every year his production

has been increase and he get money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some

plant then production was increase he got 0.5, 3, 4 quintal respectively production, last two

year has sell in Shelamba market.

Now he has 2 buffalo that support to his livelihood and he can sustain in his life. Every day

he sells 10 lit/day milk and he got average price 20-24 Rs.

Before intervention he had done much more hard work, because he is uneducated person.

Also, he does only traditional way of farming, now he has changes his thoughts and took

wadi and also he doing SRI Farming procedure in paddy.

Also, he says, “Hamare liye Aga Khan Bhagwan hai (AKRSP (I) is god for us)”


As per above graph, due to intensive investment and low production in year 2005, the net

return came down. Then onward his net return gets increased from year 2006-2011 from wadi

because intercrop supports more in net return and in 2009 he got production of mango from

wadi. This resulted in more net return from wadi then onwards.

Breakeven point in 3rd year see annexure table:1.7

Table: 6.9.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis:


72


year of sowing 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011

Crop

Brinja

l

Ladies

finger

Man

go

pearl

mille

Man

go

pearl

mille

Man

go

Padd

y

Man

go

Padd

y

Man

go

Padd

y

Mang

o Paddy Mango

Yield(Qt./Acre) 2 1 5 6 7 5 1 7 3 7 4

Value of (Rs./Qt.) 500 800 902 733 921 1001 1800 920 1500 943 1500

Gross Return(A) 1000 800 0 4510 0 4398 0 6447 0 5005 1800 6440 4500 6601 6000


Seedlings 1100

Equipments 750

Seeds 200 200 100 100 240 200 240 240

Fertilizer 375 375 1200 500 700 850 900 1000 1050

Pesticide 200 200 600 500 500

Water Charges 150 150 300 300 150 150 156 156


labor cost 300 300 600 450 240 450 240 1000 320 1000 320 1250 400 1250 400

cost of production (C ) 1225 1225 4250 1350 240 1550 240 2240 320 2250 320 2646 1050 2696 1100


return-C) -225 -425

-

4250 3160 -240 2848 -240 4207 -320 2755 1480 3794 3450 3905 4900

BCR - TC basis 0.81 0.65 0 3.34 0 2.83 0 2.87 0 2.2 5.6 2.4 4.28 2.44 5.45

Total cost in a year 6700 1590 1790 2560 2570 3696 3796

Total income in year 1800 4510 4398 6447 6805 10940 12601

Recover Income -4900 2920 2608 3887 4235 7244 8805


73

Case-6.10 Kiranbhai Ganpatbhai Vasava

Village: Chandravan

Block: Valia

Dist.: Bharuch (GJ)


Own Land: 9 acre


Age: 38 years

Mob No. +91-9979043837

Education: B.A.sy.

Background:

Kiran bhai has 3 children, 2 boys & a girl who all are going to school, and also he has three

sisters they all are married. Now he stays with his father, he have 9 acre of land. In 1994 he

done B.A.sy in Rajpipala village, he has educated person in his village. In this time his father

is cultivating all own agriculture work and he make marriage in 26th year.

Also, he have work in local NGO’s & Govt. projects like first he works in “MANAV JIVAN

VIKAS” for one year he works on vermin compost then he thought can I work for children

education? Then he join in “SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN” for three year and he got some

experience and when he works that time he got knowledge about new agriculture intervention

that was helps to his own farm and last 5 year he spends all time in his own farm.

Actually, he has 9 acre land in he gives to water only 3 acre of land. For irrigation source he

has one open well that works in only June to till December in every year and one bore well

works in whole year but in summer he gives less quantity of water.

Kiran bhai is well known person in his village, in his village one Piyat mandali (Water User

Association) has formed by AKRSP (I) named as “DI JAI ADIWASHI PIYAT SAHKARI

MANDALI” In this piyat mandali (Water User Association) there is 13 farmers. Also his

social work has to do in village something helps to people, when they face any problem about

institutional, Government and more when they need?

Support:

When AKRSP (I) comes in this area they work do well, and when they comes in wadi project

that time they conducted meeting in my village and also I’m attended that meeting and that

people told, what is this? Only 3 farmers got ready to take wadi in their own land.


74

In his village main problem is irrigation facility is not well because people think no water no

special. Because they on grow on in rainy season they think after December where to get

water to mango plant.

In 2002, he took half acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 18 keshar and 7 Rajapuri

seedlings but after some time 2 Rajapuri plants are dead. Now he has 23 mango plants in his

mango wadi. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost, Lim

Powder, pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and after 1 year he got Drip irrigation in only 1500

Rs. Cost. And he didn’t take labor for mango till now for any operation he cares his own

family.

After some days he is getting yield of mango then in AKRSP (I) still there running this

project then he thought also I can take half acre wadi then he took in 2008 half acre wadi now

he have total 1 acre wadi. He do intercropping in wadi because that’s why also water gives to

mango plant he only 2 year use drip irrigation system. In wadi he gives water from his bore

well and every month he got 200-250 electricity bills.

In intercropping he took first year Brinjal he get 15 quintal yield and every year he took

Paddy, fodder, water melon, chili that is first five year taken this crops then Till now every

year he took paddy in this intercropping pattern. Actually he got much more yield in first 5

year then after 5 year he taken only paddy.

Changes:

Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and don’t get much more yield. In 2002 he dig

bore well and that time he took some vegetables and sell to local market Netrang is 4 km

from Chandravan village, also his sell on highway road.


75

Graph: 6.10 average per tree production

Last 4 year he gives mango production every year his production has been increase and he get

money. In first year he give only 50KG production from some plant then production was

increase he got 1.7, 5.5, 39 quintal respectively production, last year he got more production

because he has done on pest attack practices. Last year he sell to Ganadevi market by AKRSP

(I) support and get more rates of yield mango.

Also, he has mandi member of “FRUIT & VEGETABLE HARIT SANG VICHAN”. Now he

wants’ to fruits and vegetables “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP (I) gives in this

area some vegetable mandap (stacking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi but people not

get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then that gives us

much more profit.

Table : 6.10.1 Animal Husbandry:



Lit./Rs. 15 20 22 24


Total gives milk in

year

840 2160 2160 2160


He has 3 cows and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That

every day he sell 6 lit/day milk and he got average price 22-27 Rs. in 2004, he buy one cow

and that he grow only fodder in wadi area it useful for his cow.


76

Graph: 6.10.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns:

In above chart, as the farmer changes intercrop year to year, net return also gets varies. In

year 2002 he took brinjal as intercrop so that he could possible to overcome investment and

got good net return. In year 2005,as he took watermelon as intercrop, net return rose

considerably. Then onward net return gets fluctuated on negative as well as positive side.


Table: 6.10.2 intercropping cost & benefits analysis:


77

Intercropping cost & Benefit

year of sowing 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011

Crop Brinjal

Mang

o Paddy

Mang

o

Fodde

r Mango

Water

melon Chili

Mang

o Paddy

Padd

y

Man

go

Padd

y

Man

go

Padd

y

Mang

o

Padd

y

Mang

o

Yield(Qt./Acre) 15.5 4 31.5 6.6 3 3 50 3 1.7 2 7.5 2 5.7

value of (Rs./Qt) 1000 624 1500 1000 681 921 20 1001 700 920 2000 943 1750

Gross Return 15500 0 2496 0 0 0 47250 6600 0 2043 2763 1000 3003 1190 1840 15000 1886 9975


Seedlings 980

Equipments 2250 500

Seeds 300 500 200 1000 500 200 200 250 250 250

Fertilizer 240 2700 250 100 1000 750 300 1000 300 300 1000 480 1000 500 1000 520 1000

Pesticide 400 700 500 300 600

Water Charges 1000 1500 250 1500 500 1500 900 750 500 500 500 500 500

Transportation

labor cost 1250 450 300 240 200 120 600 800 160 1200 1200 400 1200 400 1500 500 1500 500

cost of production (C ) 3190 8580 1300 1740 1000 2620 3750 2650 1160 2200 2200 1400 2430 1400 2750 2000 2770 2100

Return over paid out cost

(gross return-C) 12310 -8580 1196 -1740 -1000 -2620 43500 3950 -1160 -157 563 -400 573 -210 -910 13000 -884 7875

BCR - TC basis 4.85 0 1.92 0 0 0 12.6 2.49 0 0.92 1.2 0.71 1.23 0.85 0.66 7.5 0.68 4.75

total cost 11770 3040 3620 3750 3810 2200 3600 3830 4750 4870

total income 15500 2496 0 47250 6600 2043 3763 4193 16840 11861

recover income 3730 -544 0 -3620 43500 2790 -157 163 363 12090 6991


78

Case -6.11 Lalubhai Jaisinghbhai Tade

Village: Ghondadevi

Block: Sagbara

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 1 acre


Age: 50 years

Mob No. +91-9426771633

Education: 3rd std.

Background:

Lalu bhai has 2 sons. Both sons are well settling in their life. Elder son is working under

building construction work and younger one is doing the work of lapidary (person who cuts

gemstones) in Gujarat. Within a couple of days they will be back to Ghondadevi for

agriculture purpose. Grandson and daughter of Lalu bhai are still studying in school.

Lalu bhai has 1.5 acre of land and all are irrigated land, he is a farmer. Before mango- wadi

intervention he had been migrated to other places like, Ankleshwar, Surat and nearby places.

Lalu bhai use to migrate for to sustain livelihood for four month during dry season. While he

migrates he used to work as a labor in construction of building.

In 2002, Dam was constructed for source of irrigation. After construction of this Dam water

was available till 6 months. And other 6 months was dry land. Being this facility available

very few farmers were benefitted through this source of irrigation. Also, he have one open

well which is used for horticulture.

As Lalu is a laborious person. After long journey of hard work, now he has own wadi

(agricultural Land). Both the sons are also self dependent i.e. now they do not take money

from his father. Lalu and his family are now living happily.

Ghondadevi is 7 km away from Shelamba local market and 2 km far from Sagbara market.

He goes nearby market to sell all agriculture yield vegetable and fruits.


79

Support:

During the time of construction of Dam (2002), AKRSP (I) also provided full support in

constructing of Dam. In 2002, Jairam bhai, Manisha bahen and Sursh patel these AKRSP (I)

employees come to my village and conducted a meeting about mango-wadi which can

provide sustainable life. Villagers attended this meeting and some farmers liked it the plan

mango (wadi) and willing to adopt this plan on their farm. But Lalu bhai is not ready to take

wadi in his farm then Manisha bahen had told him why can’t you adopt wadi in your kitchen

garden? Use kitchen garden for the purpose of wadi.

Lalu bhai agree to use his kitchen garden. And in first year he bought 10 mango seedlings and

planted it. After one year he got 15 kg mangos from this plant. Then he came to know the

benefit he may get from mango-wadi. And then in 2003, he was ready to use his 1 acre of

land and 70 mangos seeds he bought it (30 keshar and 40 Rajapuri seedlings) after some time

due to irrigation problem occurred. Now Lalu bhai is left with only 51 (18 keshar and 31

Rajapuri Trees).

When Lalu took wadi during that time he had done all work in wadi alone, and didn’t hire

any labor for operation of mango- wadi. Even AKRSP (I) has also given all input like

seedlings, some equipments, fertilizers and pesticides. Still he gives only 2 trolleys F.Y.M.

And 1 lit. Pesticides in his own cost. And any other support required AKRP (I) provide him.

Impact:

Also, he does intercropping in paddy crops i.e. wheat, maize, same beans which he got more

yield, now he is doing SRI Farming procedure in paddy and wheat that he got more yield in

less input. Before intervention he does only traditional way of farming in his land. Last four

years he got yield of mango. For two year he has been sold mangoes in Surat market. He got

more prices but he has pay commission to trader in Surat.


80

Graph: 6.11.1 Mango-wadi Production chart:

Last four he got mango yield and first three year his production has been increased last year

production has decrease by 4 kg per Tree because he has not done any pest attack. That’s why

mango yield has reduces.

He have two cows and one buffalo that give 5 lit./day milk, 7 month in a year, that will help

us for sustainable livelihood. Also he made pucca house last year. Every year he thinks I will

buy new asset from mango-wadi. Also, he got training in Netrang, Junagadh and he visit in

Aga Khan University. He got exposure visit in nearby places. He got training on SRI Farming

procedure, Mango-wadi & some other interventions based on agriculture.



81


year of sowing 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011

Crop

Padd

y Wheat

Mang

o Paddy

Whea

t Paddy Maize Paddy

Same

beans Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 7 0 3 3 7 10 6 10 2 4 7.5 3 10 3 8

Value of (Rs./Qt.) 501 706 587 828 610 879 681 1000 1500 1001 1800 920 2040 934 2000

Gross Return 2004 4942 0 1761 2484 4270 8790 4086 10000 3000 4004 13500 2760 20400 2802 16000


Seedlings 2800

Equipment 1000

Seeds 560 1200 0 600 1200 600 400 650 250 900 900 900

Fertilizer 850 600 3600 850 600 1000 600 1000 950 1250 1300 1450

Pesticide 0 300 600 300 0 2000


Water Charges 100 400 0 100 400 100 200 150 750 150 250 250

labor cost 750 600 600 750 600 750 300 1000 1600 320 1000 320 1250 400 1250 400

cost of production (C ) 2260 3100 8600 2300 3100 2450 1500 2800 5550 320 3300 320 3700 750 3850 700


(gross return-C) -256 1842 -8600 -539 -616 1820 7290 1286 4450 2680 704 13180 -940 19650 -1048 15300

BCR - TC basis (gross

return/TC) 0.88 1.59 0 0.76 0.80 1.74 5.86 1.45 1.80 9.37 1.21 42.18 0.74 27.2 0.72 22.85

total cost 13960 5400 3950 2800 5870 3620 4450 4550

total Income 6946 4245 13060 4086 13000 17504 23160 18802

Recover amount -7014 -1155 9110 1286 7130 13884 18710 14252


82

Graph: 6.11.2 Mango-wadi Net Returns Table:

The input cost in the first year (2004) was high which included cost of drip set, pesticides,

fertilizers etc. In the second year (2005) he also cultivated paddy and wheat in kharif and rabi

seasons respectively as intercrops. In 2006 he cultivated maize for cattle along with paddy

whereas in 2007 he grew only paddy. But due to scarcity of irrigation water, the yield of

paddy was less. From 2008 he started harvesting mangoes and the yield has been increasing

since then except in 2011 due to pest attack.



83

Case -6.12 Laxman Padvi

Village: Umarda

Block: umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 3 acre


Age: 31 years

Mob No. +91-9537457757


Background :( Background)

Laxman has one son and two daughters. His father has three brothers, they all doing

agriculture. He has two sisters both are married. Laxman is doing agriculture with his father.

Agriculture is main occupation of his family. He studied up to 10th std. then he has done ITI

in electrician in 1998, but he could not get job, because he was not having interest in

studying. Then he wanted to help his father in his occupation of agriculture, but his father

told him we don’t have that much land why you want to do agriculture? Then he decides to

migrate in Ankleswar and got job in packaging company. He works five year in this

company. And he did hard work in that five years. Also, he got married in those days. But the

salary he got over there was not sufficient for his family and his needs. Then he returned to

his village. He didn’t have any option to generate income for his livelihood. Then he decided

to do work in agriculture

He has 3 acre land all are irrigated land. For irrigation source he has one open well that works

throughout the year in summer water level goes down. In Umarda there is only six people has

bore well facility and eight people have open well. In this area water facility is too low.

He is member of SMC committee member it works in improve child education (Literacy). In

2005 he is married and he joins in agriculture.

In 2005, AKRSP (I) working in this area on wadi project and they also came to my village

and conducted meeting. That time only eight people were ready to take wadi plan. And

among those members he is one of them. He took wadi in his land. He got 50 seedlings of

mango (Keshar is 35 and Rajapuri is 15) and all Trees has survivals, Plant spacing in between

each tree is 10X10 meter. He did digging for planting mango, as well as he got equipments,


84

fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides) from AKRSPI.

And last two year he did pest attack.

Graph: 6.12.1 mango production average

In above graph, from last two year he is getting yield from mango-wadi. but in first year he

got on average 3 KG production of per Tree then next year he has done some pest attack and

gives two trolley F.Y.M. that gives support to plant operation and next year his production

was increased then he got 17 KG per Tree production. From last year he is selling mangos

in own village. Because in his village people are mango booked for making pickle.

Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and don’t get much more yield. In 2005 he took

wadi in this land and he grows some vegetables and getting good yield he sell to local market

Bedwan is 1 km from Umarda village, and transportation purpose he use Bullock cart and

Cycle.

He has 2 cows and 1 buffalo that is support to his livelihood and he sustain in his life. That

every day he sell 4 lit/day milk and he got average price 25-30 Rs. / lit. Still now he stays in

cache home, now he makes a plan of making puce house. Last year he got 20000 Rs. from

mango-wade. He said that “mango wade is like a Pension Plan for me.”


85

Graph: 6.12.2 Mango-wade Net Returns:

In year 2005, due to intensive investment and low productivity, net return came down. Then

onwards due to intercropping he got some return from wadi and these results in positive net

return. In year 2009, due to onion as intercrop he got good net return from wadi. As mango

production started from 2010, he makes considerable net return from wadi in year 2011.




86


year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011

Crop Paddy Mango Paddy Paddy

Maiz

e Paddy Paddy Onion Paddy Chili

Mang

o Paddy Brinjal Onion Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 7 7 2 6 6 30 6 0.8 1.5 7 5 8 8.5

value of (Rs./Qt) 587 610 681 666 921 1001 500 920 5000 2000 3211 1000 600 2000

Gross Return 3522 0 4270 4767 1332 5526 6006 15000 5520 4000 3000 22477 5000 4800 17000


Seedlings 2000

Equipments 8750

Seeds 200 200 200 100 200 240 20 240 20 240 20 20

Fertilizer 1800 1500 600 600 250 1900 750 350 900 200 2500 500 200

Pesticide 300 0 0 300 0 300 670 250 710

Water Charges 100 100 100 200 150 150 600 180 600 180 250 300

labor cost 750 600 750 750 300 1000 1000 800 1000 600 500 1250 750 500 500

cost of production (C ) 2850 13150 1650 1650 850 3250 2140 2070 2320 1720 1170 4170 1520 1270 1210


return-C) 672 -13150 2620 3117 482 2276 3866 12930 3200 2280 1830 18307 3480 3530 15790


return/TC) 1.23 0 2.5 2.88 1.5 1.70 2.80 7.24 2.37 2.3 2.56 5.39 3.28 3.77 14.04

total cost 16000 1650 2500 3250 4210 5210 8170

total income 3522 4270 6099 5526 21006 12520 49277

recover income -12478 2620 3599 2276 16796 7310 41107


87

Case - 6.13 Murji Kathodia

Village: Satvan (Kavangai)

Block: umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 0.75 acre


Age: 61 years

Mob No. +91-9725576411

Education: 8th std.

Murji has two sons, they are doing agriculture and both are married. But before five year his

family was divided and he stays alone with his wife due to misunderstanding of family

members. But he is happy now. He has one daughter, also he has one brother, he is doing

agriculture and he has three sisters they all are married & they all are happy. His family

occupation is agriculture. But he is not having sufficient land, when he started doing

agriculture, he took land on leased for generate income for livelihood.

He has two acre of land but now he has only 0.75 acre land. And they all have taken leased

land one son has taken 15 acre and other one 12 acre land and he took 10 acre land this year.

Every year he does this way to generate income; by the time he did not migrated to other

places he was doing only agriculture. All his land is irrigated land. For irrigation source he

has one open well but it does not work throughout the year. He uses the Diesel engine for

lifting water from well to farm. Before one year ago he digs one bore well and he could find

water below 264 ft. But now he has no electric connection and even he has no sufficient

money to pick up water through diesel engine. Before intervention he grows only paddy in

his own land but later on he started getting irrigation source and he grow twice in a year.

Now he took some vegetable in his farm

Also, before intervention of land leveling of land is too sloppy and undulating land which

leads to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on land was leveled up and

now he can do cultivation in better way. He has done land leveling in his own budget.

In 2005, AKRSP (I) comes in Mango-wadi project in this area. Member of AKRSP (I)

named Ram bhai and Sumitra bahen came in my village and conducted meetings but people

are not ready to take wadi. Then they give some examples of wadi project. Then finally only


88

six people were ready to take wadi during that time, among them Satvan was one of them.

These guys have explained all benefit of mango-wadi and how to change our agriculture

pattern? Because they don’t have irrigation source, people think how to get water to mango

plant.

Finally he is ready to take wadi in his farm. He got 25 mango seedlings (22 keshar and 3

Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of

equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip

irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in between each tree is 10X10 meter; finally

he saw the benefits of wadi project.

Since from one year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in

his own village. Also, now he is satisfied for taking wadi in his farm. He gives some

fertilizers for getting more income.

Before few year ago he has got exposure visit in this places he got SHG Training, visit to

mango-wadi in nearby places.

Also, he told first I don’t has interest to making-wadi but when he got some production from

this wadi then he changed his mind and he is sustain in his life because in wadi he does not

have to invest more money, he need to look every time and provide source of water regularly.

And in return he gets sufficient output.

He has 1 buffalo that support to his livelihood and he is able to sustain in his life. His sell 6

lit/day milk and he got average price 23-25 Rs. /lit.

Now he grows intercropping like some vegetables and sells in his village and generates some

income to sustain livelihood. Till he has done lots of hard work in his life but upcoming his

life is going on secure and sustainable. The wadi is pension plan for him today onwards don’t

have to invest money and get some money from this.


89


In above graph, farmer invested more amount of money in year 2005 resulted in low net

return. After that his net return goes on increasing as he took intercrop paddy, onion, ladies

finger in year 2006,2007,2008,2009.2010 respectively. Mango production started in year

2011 and this also support him to gain more net return in year 2011.




90

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009

Crop Paddy Mango Paddy Paddy Paddy Brinjal Ladies finger Tomato Paddy Onion Brinjal

Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 5 4 4 1 1 1 5 1 1.5 value of (Rs./Qt) 587 610 681 921 1000 1000 1000 1001 1306 1200 Gross Return 2348 0 3050 2724 3684 1000 1000 1000 5005 1306 1800 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1000 Equipments 8750 Seeds 180 180 180 180 20 20 20 240 20 20 Fertilizer 300 600 300 300 325 60 60 60 350 75 75 Pesticide 300 0 0 Water Charges 180 180 180 180 120 120 120 180 180 180 labor cost 900 750 900 900 900 450 400 400 1200 400 400 cost of production (C ) 1560 11400 1560 1560 1585 650 600 600 1970 675 675 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 788 -11400 1490 1164 2099 350 400 400 3035 631 1125 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.51 0.00 1.96 1.75 2.32 1.54 1.67 1.67 2.54 1.93 2.67 total cost 12960 1560 1560 3435 3320 total income 2348 3050 2724 6684 8111 recover income -10612 1490 1164 3249 4791


91

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011

Crop Paddy Onion Ground Nut Mango Paddy Onion

Ground Nut Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 2 0.6 6 2 0.6 1 value of (Rs./Qt) 920 2337 3117 943 639 3684 3000 Gross Return(A+B) 3680 4674 1870.2 0 5658 1278 2210.4 3000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings Equipments Seeds 240 20 20 240 20 150 Fertilizer 400 100 100 500 500 160 Pesticide 0 Water Charges 240 500 750 180 240 240 labor cost 1200 500 750 400 1500 1500 750 500 cost of production (C ) 2080 1120 1620 400 2420 2260 1300 500 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 1600 3554 250.2 -400 3238 -982 910.4 2500 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.77 4.17 1.15 0.00 2.34 0.57 1.70 6.00 total cost 5220 6480 total income 10224.2 12146.4 recover income 5004.2 5666.4


92

Case- 6.14 Rajesh Murji Vasava

Village: Amali

Block: Mandvi

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 3 acre


Age: 32 year


Contact no. 09979648348

Background:

Rajesh has one son. He is studied in primary school. He has three brothers and all are doing

in agriculture. He is an eldest brother in his family and he is responsible person, he got

married before seven year ago.

Before intervention he migrates to other places like Surat, Bardoli due to lack of irrigation

sources and also to generate more income for sustainable livelihood. He worked on

construction sector.

He has 3 acre of land and all the land is well irrigated. Before wadi intervention some part of

land was came under kind of pasture land and left over land used to grow paddy, Sorghum.

He took single crop through the year.

In 1992, AKRSP (I) came to village that time organization was working on water shed

management project and they created one piyat mandali (Water User Association) in 1993,

they form group in village named as (DI AMLI SAHAKARI KHETI PIYAT MANDALI

(WATER USER ASSOCIATION) LTD. AMLI) Also they have established committee of 11

people for taking care of the project. That time 137 people were registered to this mandali.

Then in 1994 the work has been started and it getting water from in 1997, the lifting water

availed to entire village who wants water then now he has to pay 20 Rs. for 1/hr.

Before intervention of land leveling his land was too sloppy and undulating land which leads

to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1998, AKRSP (I) provided a

support and land was leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way.

Again in 2003 organization came with MANGO WADI project.” For the mango wadi project

they conducted meeting. That time near about 7 people were ready to take the project and he


93

was one of them. In 2003, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in one acre land and he got 36

mango seedlings (18 keshar and 18 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the

land for wadi. He got the supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda,

parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in

between each tree is 8X8 meter; finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.

He is doing intercropping in this wadi, in first five year he took only Ground Nut in that land.

Now he is taking only fodder for animal husbandry that is giving him an additional income

for sustainable livelihood.

Table: 6.14.1 Animal Husbandry:



Lit./Rs. 25 25 28 30


Total gives milk in

year

1440 1800 2160 2160


Also, he has two cow and two buffaloes. He sells 6 lit. Milk per day to dairy. He is getting

more support for his sustainable livelihood by selling milk. AKRSP (I) has been provided

finance for buying cow in 2008.


94


Since 3 year he is taking mango production. Production of wadi is increasing every year. In

first year he got 4 Quintals production. Then production was increased in next year, he got 8

and 11 quintal production respectively. He is selling these mangos in Surat market (Sardar

patel market). But he is not getting price in this market because he sells to trader and they

gives less price for mangos.

Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Mandvi and got an exposure to

visit the palaces like SRI Farming procedure, mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby.

This is my pension plan; he gives money in my whole life. And every year increase but not

decrease.


95


In above graph, in first five year he got good income, and he had recovered input cost of

mango wadi in first five year and he grow only ground nut in intercropping. From 2008 he

grows only fodder as intercrop in wadi. It support to his agriculture and to generate income

from animal husbandry. It changes in to sustainable livelihood.




96


year of sowing 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011

Crop

Ground

Nut Mango

Groun

d Nut

Ground

Nut

Ground

Nut

Ground

Nut

Fodde

r

Fodde

r Mango Fodder

Mang

o Fodder

Mang

o

Yield(Qt./Acre) 4 5 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 8 0 11

value of (Rs./Qt) 1550 1778 1624 2155 2423 1500 1800 1800

Gross Return 6200 0 8890 6496 8620 9692 0 0 6000 0 14400 0 19800


Seedlings 1480

Equipments 1150

Seeds 500 500 600 600 600

Fertilizer 600 600 600 600 700 700 350 350 350 350

Pesticide 300 0 200 0 100 0 300


Water Charges 320 320 320 320 320 500 500 500 500

labor cost 450 600 450 450 450 450 320 400 500

cost of production (C ) 1870 4130 1870 1970 2270 2070 950 850 620 850 1200 850 1200


(gross return-C) 4330 -4130 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 -850 5380 -850 13200 -850 18600


return/TC) 3.31 0 4.754 3.29 3.79 4.68 0 0 9.67 0 12 0 16.5

total cost 6000 1870 1970 2270 2070 950 1470 2050 2050

total income 6200 8890 6496 8620 9692 0 6000 14400 19800

recover income 200 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 4530 12350 17750


97

Case: 6. 15 Govind Surajibhai

Village: Almawadi

Block: Dediapada

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 4.5 acre


Age: 70 years


Service: Post Master

Background:

Govind has two daughters, Madhu is in 12th class and Nilu has done B.A. and they all are

staying in Bharuch. Govind died two year ago. He has done 35 year service of post master; he

is a notorious person in his village. He has 7 brothers and 3 sisters they all are married, but

one younger brother Ramesh has to see his agriculture last ten year. Suraji has two sons and

one girl all is going to school. In 1994, he has done B.A. in economics then he has done 7

year service in university of Gujarat as post on training department. Then he came to his

village and his family was divided that year and he is doing in agriculture now. Also, he has

taken leased land from his brother but Govind has paid him some money.

In Almawadi, many people are well educated and people called as Almawadi educated

village. For education purpose students go outside the village.

He has 4.5 acre of land, but only 2.5 acre land are irrigated and 2 acre land is on rain fed. For

irrigation source he has bore well it working throughout the year. He uses the electric motor

for lifting water from well for that he pays 200-250 Rs for 2-month.

Before, Wadi he was growing paddy, Sorghum and some crops. During that time he took

single crop throughout the year. Also he didn’t get not much of yield from single crop. Then

he thought we can change our cropping pattern and make some cash crops like, Cotton, Red

gram and some vegetable crops that he growing in this year.

AKRSP (I) support with irrigation facility to Almawadi village there is one open well which

is much more water available in that open well. From open well farmer use it as source

irrigation. Because he has lifting water pipeline is available in whole village area. Those time


98

farmers are satisfied from getting yield from his farm. Then after some time due to lack of

maintenance by well committee well has been dry.

Also in 2003, AKRSP (I) came with “Mango-Wadi Project”, for the mango-wadi project they

conducted meeting. At that time near about 15 people were ready to take the project and he

was one of them but he knows almost services of organization.

In 2003, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in 2.5 acre land and he got 150 mango seedlings (75

keshar and 75 Rajapuri seedlings) and his own contribution he bought 100 more mango

seedlings of Keshar. After getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the supports of

equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost, pesticides, Drip

irrigation) from the organization and also buy own contribution which he wants’ extra. Also,

he gives F.Y.M. and last three year he has done pest attack. Plant spacing in between each

tree is 8X8 meter; he is cutting trees from last three year. Finally he saw the benefits of wadi

project.

Chart : 6.15.1 Mango-wadi paid out cost:

In above graph, he has 35% spent money on fertilizer and 21% labor cost is the second

highest cost because he has done lot of work in wadi.

He is doing intercropping in this wadi; he is taking paddy, cotton and Red gram in that land.

Last three year he has not taken any crop he grows only fodder and gets some income from

these. That is giving him an additional income for sustainable livelihood.

In below graph, we have seen From Last 4 year mango production has been increasing and he

gets money. In first year he give only 5 quintals production from some plant then

production was increase he got 10, 15, 22 quintal respectively production, last year he got


99

more production because he has done on pest attack practices. Last year he sell to Ganadevi

market by AKRSP (I) support and get more rates of yield mango.



In above graph, due to some intensive investment in wadi, he couldn’t possible to generate

more income in year 2003 and thus net return goes down. Then after, he took intercrop as

paddy, Red gram and this supported him to get good income and net return. Mango

production started in year 2009 and this helps him to increase his net return from year 2009 to


100

2011.

Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and got an exposure

to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and SRI Farming procedure.

Now he wants’ to have fruits and vegetables “COLD STORAGE” facility, because AKRSP

(I) gives in this area some vegetable mandap (staking for creeper vegetable) and mango wadi

but people not get that time price on right time when you provide us cold storage facility then

that gives us much more profit.



101



Crop Paddy Red gram Mango Paddy

Red gram Mango Paddy

Red gram Mango Cotton

Red gram Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 20 3 0 18 3 20 2 8 2 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 1288 0 501 1540 587 1776 1935 2875 Gross Return(A+B) 12480 3864 0 9018 4620 11740 3552 15480 5750 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 10000 Equipments 1500 Seeds 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 Fertilizer 850 425 19500 850 425 850 425 1000 450 Pesticide 300 600 300 300 1000 Water Charges 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 labor cost 2400 600 6400 2400 600 2400 600 3000 600 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 4500 1875 38250 4500 1875 250 4500 1875 250 6250 1600 250 Net return (gross return-TC) 7980 1989 -38250 4518 2745 -250 7240 1677 -250 9230 4150 -250 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.77 2.06 0.00 2.00 2.46 0.00 2.61 1.89 0.00 2.48 3.59 0.00 Total exp. 44625 6625 6625 8100 Total Income 16344 13638 15292 21230 Net Returns -28281 7013 8667 13130


102


Crop Cotton Red gram Mango Cotton

Red gram Mango Fodder Mango Fodder Mango Fodder Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 10 2 2 10 3 5 1 10 1 15 1 22 value of (Rs./Qt) 2281 1670 1500 2644 2115 1800 5000 1800 5000 2200 6000 2000 Gross Return 22810 3340 3000 26440 6345 9000 5000 18000 5000 33000 6000 44000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 1000 500 200 500 Fertilizer 1000 500 400 550 Pesticide 1000 300 300 500 700 1000 Transportation 1000 1200 1500 Water Charges 250 250 250 250 250 250 1000 1000 1000 labor cost 4000 800 4000 800 1200 1200 1500 1500 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 7250 2350 250 4850 2400 2450 0 3900 0 4700 0 3500 Net return (gross return-TC) 15560 990 2750 21590 3945 6550 5000 14100 5000 28300 6000 40500 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.15 1.42 12.00 5.45 2.64 3.67 4.62 7.02 12.57 Total exp. 9850 9700 3900 4700 3500 Total Income 29150 41785 23000 38000 50000 Net Returns 19300 32085 19100 38000 46500


103

Case – 6. 16 Ramsingh Bablia

Village: Kalijaman

Block: Umarpada

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 3.5 acre


Age: 60 year

Education: 9th std.

Ramsingh has 2 sons & 2 daughters they all are married. One is Mahesh who studied only 7th

class and Bharatbhai is 10th pass. Both are working in agriculture. He has three brothers, one

is died and two are doing agriculture.

He have 3.5 acre of land. Out of that 2.5 acre land is irrigated and remaining one acre is on

rain fed. Before wadi intervention, this land were comes in pasture land and left over land he

used to grow like, Hukka, paddy, cotton and Sorghum. He took single crop through the year.

Also, he has done some pre agriculture practices like, land leveling and bounding that his

land will be use full for taking wadi and growing cash crop in intercropping.

Kalijaman is 3 km far from kevadi local market, all village people used to sell agriculture

yield in kevadi local market.

In 2000, he thought that he can dig open well in his farm? “Then that year he took first open

well in his farm and he hire diesel engine from his relatives then after some year in 2004 he

buy one mobile engine and in summer season he faced shortage of water due to low level of

water. To resolve this problem he took another open well in 2006, second open well running

trough out the year. From that year he is taking Kharip as well as Rabi season

In 1995, AKRSP (I) worked in nearby villages that’s comes in Bharuch district. And some

employees were came in village they conducted meeting that time he attended this meeting.

At that time 12 people were ready to take wadi in their own farm. That time he got 20

seedlings (Keshar 10 and 10 Rajapuri seedlings). Actually he has done digging for mango

plant at own hard work. All these input cost has been given by AKRSP (I). Till now he has

not invest his money. Also he always tried to do something new in his farm like he uses the

SRI farming procedure. Also he uses the ground nut drill machine for harvesting ground nut.


104

Farmers from his region get inspired to do agriculture like he is doing. To his hard working

strength he is popular in this area.


In the above graph, his average Tree production is increase every year. In mango he got 2250,

10800, 12000, 14000 Rs. respectively in last 4 year production of mango. It is supported to

agriculture pattern. Last two year he has not invested money on wadi. Also, till now he has

not done any pest attack in mango-wadi.

He got some exposure visit to Netrang and nearby places of his village. Also he got some

training programme on new intervention that works in his area. He got interest to learn new

knowledge about cropping pattern. Also, he attended meeting and programme conducted in

nearby village on agriculture practices.

Also, he got Bio-Gas plant from AKRSP (I) that is helping him for cooking food. He has one

cow and 2 buffalo’s that he is doing milk business. Every day he sell 4 litter milk to Sumul

dairy in his village. That gives more help for his sustainable livelihood.


105

Graph: 6.16.2 Mango-wadi Net-Returns Charts:

He was growing Paddy and ground nut as inter crop, from starting he got good return from

these intercrops, as he has irrigation source as well as all inputs, he could met irrigation

requirement of the crops. Since 2007 Wadi started giving good yield and thereby good return,

above graph shows how his income increased after 2007.



106

Table: 6.16.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis

year of sowing 2003 2004 2005 2006

Crop Paddy Ground Nut Mango Paddy

Ground Nut Paddy

Ground Nut Paddy

Ground Nut Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 4 6.5 4 6.5 4.5 6 4.5 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 1550 501 1778 587 1624 610 2155 Gross Return 3744 6200 0 3256.5 7112 3815.5 7308 3660 9697.5 0 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 800 Equipments 500 Seeds 100 500 100 500 100 500 200 700 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 400 400 900 100 100 120 120 490 490 350 Water Charges 60 240 60 240 60 240 60 240 labor cost 600 450 450 600 450 600 450 600 450 120 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1160 1590 2650 860 1290 880 1310 1350 1880 470 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2584 4610 -2650 2396.5 5822 2935.5 5998 2310 7817.5 -470 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.23 3.90 0.00 3.79 5.51 4.34 5.58 2.71 5.16 0.00 Total exp. 5400 2150 2190 3700 Total Income 9944 10368.5 11123.5 13357.5 Net Returns 4544 8218.5 8933.5 9657.5


107

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Crop Paddy

Ground Nut Paddy

Ground Nut

Mango

Paddy

Ground Nut

Mango

Paddy

Ground Nut Mango Paddy

Ground Nut Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 6 4.5 6.5 5 1.5 5 6.5 6 5 6 6 4 6.5 7 value of (Rs./Qt) 681 2423 921 2231 1500 1001 2621 1800 920 3117 2000 943 3684 2000 Gross Return(A) 4086 10903.5 5986.5 11155 2250 5005 17036.5 10800 4600 18702 12000 3772 23946 14000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 700 200 700 200 800 200 1000 200 1000 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 180 180 180 180 600 600 400 200 200 220 220 Water Charges 90 360 90 360 90 360 150 600 150 600 labor cost 800 600 800 600 320 800 600 400 1000 750 400 1000 750 400 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 1270 1840 1270 1840 320 1690 2360 800 1550 2550 400 1570 2570 400 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2816 9063.5 4716.5 9315 1930 3315 14676.5 10000 3050 16152 11600 2202 21376 13600 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 3.22 5.93 4.71 6.06 7.03 2.96 7.22 13.50 2.97 7.33 30.00 2.40 9.32 35.00 Total exp. 3110 3430 4850 4500 4540 Total Income 14989.5 19391.5 32841.5 35302 41718 Net Returns 11879.5 15961.5 27991.5 30802 37178


108

Case- 6.17 Sakaram bhai Ganpatbhai Tadve

Village: Kankhadi

Block: Sagbara

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 0.75 acre

Leased land: 6 Acre


Age: 45 years

Mob No. +91-9924523199

Education: 4th std.

Background:

Sakaram bhai has two sons, both are well settled. Elder son is working in the construction

sector (mystery), he works in nearby places and younger one is doing the work in own farm.

Both of them are married.

He has 0.75 acre land and it is irrigated land, Also he has taken 6 acre land on lease out of

that 3 acre is irrigated and remaining 3 acre is rain fed. As irrigation source he has one open

well and it is working trough out the year. He uses the electric motor for lifting the water

from well, for that he pays 200-250 Rs. Monthly.

Before, intervention of wadi project, he had been migrated to other places like, Ankleshwar,

Surat and nearby places. Sakaram use to migrate for to generate some extra income that he

can maintain the livelihood sustainable. During migration he was working in the field like,

construction, Sugar cutting and cutting stone, Etc. Around five to six month he used to

migrate through the year and migrated only on in dry season.

In 2002, Jairam and Manisha these two person of AKRSP (I) came to his village and

conducted meeting. He attended that meeting then he thought to take mango-wadi.

In 2002, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in his own half acre land and he got 20 mango

seedlings (10 keshar and 10 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi had he done digging for

planting mango. As well as he got equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda,

parayi, vermicompost, pesticides) from AKRSPI. He didn’t invest any money on wadi. Only

he used pesticides in Last two years of Rs. 520.


109

In the first three years he didn’t get any yield. Then he tried for intercropping in the wadi. He

got benefit from that. Then in 2005, he has taken intercrop of maize. Also he took several

cash crops and vegetables in that land.

Graph: 6.17.1 Mango-wadi production table:

Since from five year he is getting yield in mango-wadi, and every year his income increases,

he gets horticulture support to sustainable livelihood due to when he gets yield he gives some

input for mango and his production has been increases every year also he has to done some

pest attack. And he is selling these mangos in Shelamba market and in his village only.

After some days he got AKSRP(I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and some village exposure

visit, in this exposure visit, he have seen mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby places he

had visited in last 10 years.

Also, he has one cow and one buffalo. He sells 5 lit. /day milk to dairy. By using milk

business, he is getting more support for his sustainable livelihood.


110

Graph: 6.17.2 Mango-wadi net returns

From 2002-2004 he did not cultivated any crop as intercrop in Wadi, but from year 2005 he

started cultivating maize and red gram up to year 2008, but net income was considerably

lower. After this he started growing Paddy as intercrop, from in 2010, he grew vegetables and

from these vegetables he got good return because he got good prices for vegetables he grew.

In year 2011 again he added some vegetable crops like brinjal, lady finger and also got

considerable return from vegetables as well as mango wadi.




111


year of sowing 2002 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011

Crop Mango

Maiz

e

Red

gram

Red

gram Mango

Maiz

e

Mang

o

Padd

y

Mang

o

Padd

y Brinjal

Onio

n

Mang

o

Padd

y Brinjal

Ladies

finger

Mang

o

Yield(Qt/Acre) 2 1 0.8 2 2 3 6 3 6 2 3 4 7 2 3 5

value of (Rs./Qt) 599 2875 1670 1500 795 1500 1001 1800 920 1000 2337 2000 943 1500 800 1500

Gross Return(A) 0 1198 2875 1336 3000 1590 4500 6006 5400 5520 2000 7011 8000 6601 3000 2400 7500


Seedlings 800

Equipments 750

Seeds 100 50 50 200 240 240 20 20 240 20 20

Fertilizer 1350 300 300 300 350 530 600 160 160 600 160 160

Pesticides 300 200 200 200 200 520


Water Charges 200 300 300 200 100 100 150 150 100 150 150

labor cost 300 300 240 240 160 400 160 320 320 400 500 500 400 400 500 500 400

Total paid out cost

(TVC) ( C ) 3500 900 890 890 160 1150 160 1190 470 1340 1030 1030 550 1340 1030 1030 1120

Return over paid out

cost -3500 298 1985 446 2840 440 4340 4816 4930 4180 970 5981 7450 5261 1970 1370 6380

BCR - TVC basis

(gross return/TVC) 0 1.33 3.23 1.50 18.7 1.38 28.1 5.047 11.4 4.11 1.94 6.80 14.5 4.92 2.91 2.33 6.69

Total exp. 3500 900 890 1050 1310 1660 3950 4520

Total Income 0 1198 2875 4336 6090 11406 22531 19501

Net Returns -3500 298 1985 3286 4780 9746 18581 14981


112

Case -6.18 Santu Shipa Choudhary

Village: Gondadevi

Block: Mandvi

Dist.: Surat (GJ)


Own Land: 3.34 acre


Age: 60 years

Mob No. +91-9712314062

Education: 4th std.

Background:

Shnatu has three sons, Vijay is working in Bio-gas project, Jaish is driver and Naresh is

working in dairy plant in his own village. He has four grandsons and three granddaughters

they all are in school. Total 17 members there in the family. Main occupation of the family is

agriculture, and second source of income is milk dairy business. This is running from since

18 years.

Shantu has 3.34 acre land and total land comes under irrigated land. For irrigation source he

has one group open well that works in whole year but in summer, water level goes down. In

this group well there are 12 members, this group well provides by AKRSP (I) in 2001, people

are getting water from 2002 and they charged some rupees for water, and that money can be

used for maintenance purpose. Also this group has mobile engine.

Before intervention he has migrated for working in village forestry department, he did work

there more than 15 year. He used to migrate because of low availability of land; also he was

able to take only single crop through the year. Because he didn’t have irrigation facility. Then

in 2001, AKRSP (I) went to his village and gave irrigation source as group well and mobile

engine. From that year onwards he grows in two seasons in a year. In that he is taking

vegetables, paddy in every year.

When AKRSP (I) came for wadi project, they conducted meeting in village and he was there

in the meeting but no one showed the interest in wadi project. But after some days he realized

that his elder son was saying right that wadi is very good project and that will help you in the

future, finally he took the wadi.


113

The main problem of the village is irrigation source. People always think that without water

we cannot do anything.

In 2002, he took one acre wadi in his own farm that time he got 30 keshar and 10 Rajapuri

seedlings. He also got some fertilizer, equipments & pesticides i.e. (Vermicompost,

pesticides, spade, hoe and sickle) and till now he didn’t invest any money on that, he just do

only labor work in mango-wadi.

In intercropping he took some vegetables in summer season and in kharif season he took only

paddy he grow vegetables like, Ladies finger, onion, Brinjal and Chili. These crops have

good market value in summer season.

Before wadi he took only paddy on that farm and didn’t get good yield. In 2001 he get group

well and that time he took some vegetables and sell to local market Jankhvav is 6 km from

Gondadevi village.

Graph: 6.18.1 Mango Production:

From Last 4 year he is getting mango production, every year production of mango is

increasing and he is getting more money. In first year he got only 100KG production from

some plant then production was increase he got 6, 9, 12 quintal production in next three years

respectively.

He has 2 cows and 4 buffalo that give support to his livelihood, every day he sell 12 lit. Milk

and he got average price 32-35 Rs/lit.

Also, he is beneficiary of Flower farm, Pamroja farm, Bio-gas plant, SHG and SRI Farming

procedure doing in paddy every year. This was the good support from AKRSP (I) and my life

has changed. Now I have store food grains for whole year for consumption.


114


Wadi was cultivated in 2002 with different vegetables as intercrops, trend was continued up

to year 2007 and got mixed level of income every year, In year 2008 wadi started giving yield

and also concerned farmer decided to switch from vegetables to food grains like sorghum and

got good returns from 2008 onwards.



115


Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006

Crop Paddy Sorghum Mango Paddy Ladies finger Paddy Ground Nut Paddy Onion Paddy Brinjal

Yield(Qt/Acre) 12 5 10 20 10 4 12 25 10 10 value of (Rs./Qt) 574 617 624 500 501 1778 587 584 610 700 Gross Return(A+B) 6888 3085 0 6240 10000 5010 7112 7044 14600 6100 7000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 750 Seeds 150 100 150 1000 150 1000 150 150 200 100 Fertilizer 1200 600 600 1200 600 1200 600 1300 300 1400 800 Pesticide 300 600 900 Water Charges 100 200 100 600 100 500 100 600 100 800 labor cost 900 450 600 900 900 900 1200 900 1500 900 900 cost of production (C ) 2350 1350 3850 2350 3700 2350 3300 2450 2550 2600 3500 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 4538 1735 -3850 3890 6300 2660 3812 4594 12050 3500 3500 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 2.93 2.29 0.00 2.66 2.70 2.13 2.16 2.88 5.73 2.35 2.00 total cost 7550 6050 5650 5000 6100 total income 9973 16240 12122 21644 13100 recover income 2423 10190 6472 16644 7000


116


Crop Paddy Chili Paddy Same beans Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Paddy Sorghum Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 8 20 10 20 1 10 6 10 9 11 2 12 value of (Rs./Qt) 681 1000 921 1000 1500 1001 1800 920 2000 943 1487 2000 Gross Return 5448 20000 9210 20000 1500 10010 10800 9200 18000 10373 2974 24000 Paid out cost of production Seeds 200 200 240 250 240 240 240 240 Fertilizer 1800 800 1800 500 1850 2000 2000 1000 Pesticide 600 300 Transportation 300 700 1000 Water Charges 100 400 150 450 150 200 200 400 labor cost 1200 2400 1200 1000 400 1200 400 1500 750 1500 750 750 cost of production (C ) 3300 4400 3390 2500 400 3440 700 3940 1450 3940 2390 1750 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 2148 15600 5820 17500 1100 6570 10100 5260 16550 6433 584 22250 BCR - TC basis (gross return/TC) 1.65 4.55 2.72 8.00 3.75 2.91 15.43 2.34 12.41 2.63 1.24 13.71 Total cost 7700 6290 4140 5390 8080 Total income 25448 30710 20810 27200 37347 Recover income 17748 24420 16670 21810 29267


117

Case- 6.19 Shiva Nuraji Vasava

Village: Pathadi

Block: Dediapada

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 10 acre


Age: 48 years

Mob No. +91-9408262142

Education: 4rd std.

Shiva has one son named as Ramsingh and he is doing agriculture. There are nine members

in the Family. Including two grandsons and three granddaughters, all are going to school.

Agriculture is main source of his family.

He has 9 acre land. Out of that 3 acre land is under irrigation, remaining 7 acre is depends

upon rain. As irrigation source he has one open well and it is working trough out the year. He

uses the diesel engine for lifting the water from well.

Before, intervention of wadi project, he was working as labor. He had been migrated to other

places like, Ankleshwar, Surat and Navsari. Shiva use to migrate for to generate income that

he can maintain the sustainable livelihood. During migration he was working in the

construction sector. Around five to six month he used to migrate through the year and

migrated only in dry season.

Also, before intervention of land leveling his land is too sloppy and undulating land which

leads to run of water. So it was hard to grow any crops. But later on in 1995, AKRSP (I)

provided a support and land was leveled up and now he can do cultivation in better way. This

was the NABARD project of watershed management but it supported by AKRSP (I).

He said that “AKRSP (I) had implemented so many projects in his village like in 1996,

organization worked on “VANIKARAN PROJECT” for this project village community had

given to support, for this they formed group of 25 members that was Goan vikas mandal.


118

That time we planted some Trees like, Nilgiri, Vas, Bamboo, Sag van (Local name) in

forestry area. Also in 2004 organization came with MANGO WADI project.”

For the mango wadi project they conducted meeting. That time near about 10 people were

ready to take the project and he was one of them.

In 2004, He took wadi, from AKRSP (I) in one acre land and he got 40 mango seedlings (35

keshar and 5 Rajapuri seedlings) after getting wadi he prepared the land for wadi. He got the

supports of equipments, fertilizers and pesticides (Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermicompost,

pesticides, Drip irrigation) from the organization. Plant spacing in between each tree is 8X8

meter; he is cutting trees from last three year. Finally he saw the benefits of wadi project.

And thought to take another acre wadi and took in one more acre wadi in 2009. In this wadi

he got 40 Trees.

He is doing intercropping in this wadi; he is taking Chili, Sorghum and Red gram in that land.

That is giving him an additional income for sustainable livelihood.

Graph: 6.19.1 mango production

Since from three year he is getting yield from mango-wadi, and he is selling these mangos in

Gandevi market & Local market. Also, his mango yield increase by every year. He gives

some fertilizers and pesticides for getting more income.

Before some years ago he got AKSRP (I) training in Netrnag, Dediapada and got an exposure

to visit the palaces like mango-wadi and Bio-Gas plant in nearby.


119

Graph: 6.19.2 Mango-wadi net returns:

In above table, we can see in 2004 he had not earned even what he invested due to his chili

cultivation was failed therefore he could not get good production then he grew only Red gram

and Sorghum, from 2006, he has been earning good return and amount that he invested as

well as some profit also. Graph reveals after year 2009, when mango production started his

income went on increasing per year.


Table: 6.19.1 Intercropping cost & benefits analysis


120


Crop Chili Mango Red gram Sorghum Red

gram Sorgh

um Red

gram Mango Sorghu

m Mango Red

gram Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 4 1.5 5 2.5 6 2 2 5 3 2 5 value of (Rs./Qt) 500 1776 901 1670 692 2191 1500 1046 2500 3211 2000 Gross Return 2000 0 2664 4505 4175 4152 4382 3000 5230 7500 6422 10000 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1600 Equipments 2250 Seeds 100 150 250 200 250 600 300 600 Fertilizer 55 600 120 120 150 150 160 180 1000 180 1000 Pesticide 300 300 150 0 250 0 500 0 600 500 600 Transportation 0 0 150 400 Water Charges 100 100 100 150 200 300 200 240 labor cost 450 600 300 300 300 400 400 750 500 750 500 750 cost of production (C ) 1005 5350 820 770 1050 1000 1960 750 1180 2500 2020 2750 Return over paid out cost 995 -5350 1844 3735 3125 3152 2422 2250 4050 5000 4402 7250 BCR - TC basis 1.990 0 3.248 5.85 3.97 4.152 2.23 4 4.43 3 3.1 3.63 total cost 6355 820 770 1050 1000 2710 3680 4770 total income 2000 2664 4505 4175 4152 7382 12730 16422 recover income -4355 1844 3735 3125 3152 4672 9050 11652


121

Case- 6.20 Ukadia Jataria

Village: Sakawa (Koliwada)

Block: Dediapada

Dist.: Narmada (GJ)


Own Land: 2 acre


Age: 55 year

Education: 2nd std.

Background:

Ukadia has one son, he is doing in agriculture. He has three brother and all are doing in

agriculture. He has 2 acre of irrigated land. Source irrigation has been available from last four

year. Due to running water available through river near to his farm. As he is poor farmer he is

not able to afford a motor pump which can supply water to his farm from 500mt distance.

When there was no irrigation facility available in his farm he has been migrating to various

places like, Surat, Ankleswar and Bharuch. Where ever he went he worked as agri-labor or

construction labor. He went out for search work only four year. Along with him he used to

take his brother for work.

In 2003, AKRSP (I) has came with new plan to improve the living condition of these village

kohaliwada and Sakawa. That time they conducted meeting for mango-wadi. Ukadia also, he

attended this meeting and he thought about mango-wadi and also, he got interested to took

mango-wadi. He had a discussion with his family member. According to suggestion taken by

his family member he agrees to go for it.

Then, he bought 38 Trees of mango and all are Keshar. But due to lack of source irrigation

three Trees has been dead and now survival Trees is 35. Actually he has done digging for

mango plant at own hard work. Also, he bought some equipments, fertilizers and pesticides

(Ticum, Pavda, parayi, vermin compost, pesticides) from AKRSPI. From last five year he

could gives only one trolley F.Y.M. every year. Before five year he didn’t invest any money

to wadi. Sometimes he carried water from river and provided to plants in first year. As he was

very laborious person so, he has tried to put full effort for mango-wadi to be success.


122

Also, he has taken intercropping in wadi, he grow intercropping in paddy, cotton, Chickpea

and pearl millet) last three year he watered to intercropping and he got good yield from this

intercropping.

Graph: 6.20.1 Mango average per Tree production

Last 5 year, Mango production has been increasing continually. In first year there was only 1

quintal production but from second year and on words it was increased in the production. He

got 3, 3.5, 4, 5 quintal respectively production, last four year he sold mangoes to village &

Dediapada local market.

Sakawa village is outside from kohaliwada. Where there is no facility of transportation till

now he has been using bullock cart for transportation purpose. But from kohaliwada village

there is mode of transportation available by jeep or auto rickshaw.

He has 1 cow that support to his livelihood and he is able to sustain in his life. That every day

he sell 2 lit/day milk and he got average price 22-25 Rs.


123


Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2003 2003 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008

Crop Paddy Cotton Mango Paddy Paddy Paddy Paddy Mango Paddy Mango Yield(Qt/Acre) 3 0.2 3 2.5 3 3.5 1 3 3 value of (Rs./Qt) 624 2310 501 587 610 681 1500 921 1800 Gross Return 1872 462 1503 1467.5 1830 2383.5 1500 2763 5400 Paid out cost of production Seedlings 1120 equipments 750 Seeds 150 250 150 150 200 200 200 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 425 425 600 600 600 700 700 600 800 600 Pesticides 300 150 Transportation 150 Water Charges 200 300 300 200 labor cost 300 300 600 240 240 160 400 320 160 320 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 875 1475 3220 1290 1290 1060 1500 920 1160 1070 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 997 -1013 -3220 213 177.5 770 883.5 580 1603 4330 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 2.14 0.31 0.00 1.17 1.14 1.73 1.59 1.63 2.38 5.05 Total exp. 5570 1290 1290 1060 2420 2230 Total Income 2334 1503 1467.5 1830 3883.5 8163 Net Returns -3236 213 177.5 770 1463.5 5933


124

Intercropping Cost & Benefit year of sowing 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011

Crop Paddy Chickpea Mango Paddy pearl millet Mango Paddy

pearl millet Mango

Yield(Qt/Acre) 10 1 3.5 10 6 4 12 5 5 value of (Rs./Qt) 1001 2000 1800 920 1287 2000 943 967 2000 Gross Return 10010 2000 6300 9200 7722 8000 11316 4835 10000 Paid out cost of production Equipments 400 Seeds 240 400 240 1000 240 1000 Fertilizer (Urea, F.Y.M.) 850 900 600 1000 1400 600 1000 1400 600 Pesticides 300 200 200 Transportation 150 200 200 Water Charges 800 800 800 4000 800 4000 labor cost 320 320 400 500 400 400 500 400 Total paid out cost (TVC) ( C ) 2210 2400 1070 2440 7100 1200 2440 7100 1600 Return over paid out cost (gross return-C) 7800 -400 5230 6760 622 6800 8876 -2265 8400 BCR - TVC basis (gross return/TVC) 4.529412 0.833333 5.88785 3.770492 1.087606 6.666667 4.637705 0.680986 6.25 Total exp. 5680 10740 11140 Total Income 18310 24922 26151 Net Returns 12630 14182 15011


125

Graph: 6.20.2 Wadi net returns

At first five year, he did not received considerable income and suffered loss, from fifth year

he got mango yield and he got good returns from the wadi. From year 2007 onwards he got

good income from wadi and income has been increased every year. When he got mango-yield

he bought diesel engine for irrigation purpose. First five year (2003-2007) he grew only

paddy and in fifth year he got good mango yield and he changed intercrops like, pearl millet

and Chickpea in summer.



126

Chapter: 7. References:

1. http://www.mangifera.org

2. http://nhm.nic.in/

3. http://nhb.gov.in

4. http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/hods/dir-horticulture.htm

5. http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1474&lang=English

6. http://guj-tribaldevelopment.gov.in/

7. http://tribal.guj.nic.in/


http://www.mangifera.org/

http://nhm.nic.in/

http://nhb.gov.in/

http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/hods/dir-horticulture.htm

http://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=1474&lang=English

http://guj-tribaldevelopment.gov.in/

http://tribal.guj.nic.in/

127

SI No. ………………

Background:

Name of District

Name of AKSP(I) Cluster

Name of the Village

MIS Code

Name of Farmer

Age of Respondent

Name of Interviewer

Date

Household members

Adult Children Total

Male Female Male Female

School going Children

Sex Before intervention After intervention

Male

Female

Chapter: 8. ANNEXTURE AKRSP (I), Gujarat

HORTICULTURE PROGRMMES QUESTIONNAIRE

This questionnaire is a part of study conducted on “Assessment of result of Horticulture

programmes in Tribal South Gujarat region”


128

Source of Income code:

S. No. Source of household

income

Before intervention (in

Rs.)

After intervention (in Rs.)

1 Farmer

2 Agri-Labor

3 Artician

4 Business

5 Salaried Job

6 Non Agri-labor

7 Others

If other then Specify:

Land holding (area in acre)

Total

land

Irrigated land Rain fed Land Waste land

Agriculture Horticulture Agriculture Horticulture Agriculture Horticulture

Total

Irrigation Source for Horticulture crops (Skip if no Irrigated land)

Sources of

Irrigation

Private =1,

Public =2

Working

throughout the

year? Yes =1

No = 2.

If No, How

many months it

is working?

How many

people in

Group/Public?

1 Well

2 Bore well

4 Through

mobile engine

5 Lift irrigation

6 Canal

7 Drip Irrigation

8 Others

Remarks (if any):


129

Inter cropping:

Input (Horticulture) AKRSP (I) (Amount

in Rs.) Own Contribution

(Amount in Rs.)

Quantity Price Quantity Price Seedlings Keshar

Rajapuri

Trees

Survival Keshar

Rajapuri

Spacing …………..X………..meter

Fertilizer 1. 2. 3.

Pesticide 1. 2. 3.

Labor

Charges Hired Male ……..(Days)

….....(per

day)

…...(Days)

Female ……..(Days) ….....(per

day)

……..(Days) ….....(per

day)

Own Male

Female

Water charges

Transportation

Others

Total


130

Post harvest Management:

1. Method of harvesting?

:-

2. Harvest Period (Start/End)?

:-

3. on farm value addition (Washing, Sorting, Grading, etc)?

Washing (Y/N): If Yes,

Sorting (Y/N): If Yes,

Grading (Y/N): If yes,

Storage (Y/N): If yes, where to store (Home, Own Godown, Govt.Godown)

How much cost they have to pay for storage?

Packaging (Y/N): If Yes, Type of packaging and cost?

Marketing:

1. Where you sell Mango? (City market, Local market, Village market)

2. If any middle person in process of selling, how much he take from farmer?

3. Mode of Transportation? And how many cost you have to pay?


131

Income from Agriculture & Horticulture Crop:

Horticulture Crop:

Livestock and poultry assets

A B C

Category Number

Present market

value (Rs.)

Scope of

alternative

1 Cow

2 Bullock

3 Buffalo

4 Calf

5 Goat/Sheep

6 Poultry

7 Others (specify)

Remarks (if any):

How effectively/productively this livestock is being managed.

Excellent [1] Good [2] Average [3] Bad [4]

Did you avail for any government subsidy scheme/loan for buying Cows/Buffaloes?

YES [1] NO [2]

Details 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Crop Production Quantity (qt)

Price (per qt)

Total Quantity sold

HH Utility


132

Benefits:

Items 2002 2012

Agricultural Equipments

Bullock cart

Tractor

Cycle

Irrigation well / bore well

Motor pump/ Engine

Vehicle

Radio

T.V.

Telephone/Mobile

No. of rooms

Migration Details:

Before Intervention After Intervention

Total Members Male

Female

Reason for migration

Wage per day Male

Female

Months of migration

Migration Place

How frequently the committee meeting of “WADI VIKAS ZUT” is organized in a

year/month?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Do you have equal say in the meetings/ Decision making?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What do you feel about AKRSP? What are your expectations from AKRSP?

According to you what is the need related to Horticulture programmes in village?


133

Table: 9.2 Price List: Average prices as on December month

Crop name / Year

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

2009 2010 2011 Mar-2012

Peddy (Rs./Quiental)

(Dahod) 411

(Dahod) 574

(Gandhinagar) 624

(Surat) 501

(Suarat) 587

(surat) 610

(surat) 681

(surat) 921

(surat)1001

(surat) 920

(surat) 943

(surat) 1049

Ground Nut

(Dahod) 1250

(Dahod) 1556

(Dahod) 1550

(Surat) 1778

(Suarat) 1624

(surat) 2155

(surat) 2423

(surat) 2231

(surat)2621

(surat) 3117

(surat) 3684

(surat) 4650

Tuver (Dahod) 1901

(Rajkot) 1427

(Bhavnagar) 1288

(Surat) 1520

(Bhavnagar) 1776

(surat) 2875

(surat) 1670

(surat) 2115

(surat)2191

(surat) 2165

(surat) 3211

(surat) 3494

Sorghum

(Dahod) 275

(Rajkot) 617

(Dahod) 392

(Surat) 685

(surat) 795

(surat) 901

(surat) 984

(surat) 692

(surat) 1047

(surat) 1046

(surat) 1487

(surat) 1680

Bajra (Dahod) 400

(Rajkot) 575

(Dahod) 507

(Dahod) 571

(Dahod) 675

(surat) 902

(surat) 733

(surat) 976

(surat) 1222

(surat) 1287

(Dahod) 967

(Dahod) 1043

Makai/ Maize

(Dahod) 435

(Rajkot) 569

(Dahod) 500

(Dahod) 590

(Dahod) 599

(surat) 879

(surat) 666

(surat) 795

(surat) 934

(surat) 866

(surat) 752

(surat) 596

Udad / Black Grams

(Dahod) 1630

(Dahod) 1328

(Dahod) 1126

(Surat) 1400

(Surat) 2492

(surat) 2946

(surat) 1569

(surat) 2189

(surat) 4619

(surat) 3049

(surat) 3247

(surat) 3101

Soyabean

(Dahod) 1028

(Dahod) 1333

(Dahod) 1409

(Dahod) 1269

(Dahod) 1107

(surat) 1309

(surat) 1770

(surat) 1701

(surat) 2292

(surat) 2119

(surat) 2259

(surat) 2819

Cotton (Bhavnagar) 1664

(Bhavnagar) 1971

(Bhavnagar) 2310

(Bhavnagar) 1919

(Bhavnagar) 1985

(surat) 1935

(surat) 2281

(surat) 2644

(surat) 3140

(surat) 4206

(surat) 4055

(surat) 3975

Wheat (Rajkot) 849

(Dahod) 839

(Dahod) 1150

(Surat) 706

(Surat) 828

(surat) 1140

(surat) 1005

(surat) 1146

(surat) 1508

(surat) 1396

(surat) 1000

(surat) 1253

Onion (Dahod) 456

(Dahod) 357

(Dahod) 699

(Surat) 338

(Dahod) 584

(surat) 604

(surat) 520

(surat) 1094

(surat) 1306

(surat) 2337

(surat) 639

(surat) 471

Tomato (Rajkot) 553

(Dahod) 192

(Dahod) 313

(Surat) 406

(Surat) 319

(surat) 759

(surat) 484

(surat) 728

(surat) 682

(surat) 1156

(surat) 420

(surat) 812

Source: url://www.agmark.nic.in


//www.agmark.nic.in/

134

Table: 1.3 Horticulture beneficiaries of tribal south Gujarat region

Cluster

Name

200

2

200

3

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

201

0

Grand

Total

Dediapada 263 334 401 841 519 256 280 686 850 4430

Mandvi 143 112 25 242 522 273 259 134 1710

Naswadi 253 592 589 1434

Netrang 83 262 247 736 518 114 183 166 240 2549

Sagbara 220 124 695 767 842 759 160 457 500 4524

Umarpada 1 253 919 116 1289

Grand Total 709 832

136

8

258

7

290

7

291

3

158

7

144

3

159

0 15936


Horticulture wadi program was started from 2002 in Gujarat and worked in these 6 clusters.

They achieved above 15936 beneficiaries. They covered 3 districts Surat, Narmada and

Baruch. In Dediapada, there is highest no. of beneficiaries farmer are found i.e. 4524 and

1289 in Umarpada cluster is lowest. In Umarpada there is work started from 2005 and in

Naswadi there is only three year work has been done.

Table: 1.4 Species wise beneficiaries:

Cluster

Name Name Of Specie 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Grand

Total

Dediapada Mango 263 334 401 841 519 256 64 850 3528

MANGO(KESER) 281 281

Mango, lemon 341 341

Mango, Lemon,

Chikoo 280 280

Dediapada

Total 263 334 401 841 519 256 280 686 850 4430

Mandvi Lemon 3 3

Mango 103 112 25 242 521 273 259 134 1669


135

Sapota 3 1 4

Mandvi

Total 109 112 25 242 522 273 259 134 1676

Naswadi Chicku 148 3 151

Lemon 128 7 135

Mango 135 315 71 521

Mango,Lemon,Sarg

vo 118 118

Mango,Sapota,Lem

on 508 508

Naswadi

Total 253 591 589 1433

Netrang Mango 68 262 247 736 518 114 183 240 2368

Mango, lemon 166 166

Netrang

Total 68 262 247 736 518 114 183 166 240 2534

Sagbara Chiku 118 118

Lemon 135 135

Lemon, Chiku,

Mango 160 18 89 267

Mango 220 124 695 767 842 506 189 411 3754

Mango ,Lemon 250 250

Sagbara

Total 220 124 695 767 842 759 160 457 500 4524

Umarpada Chikoo 60 309 36 405

Lemon 1 64 260 23 348

Mango 120 349 57 526

Umarpada

Total 1 244 918 116 1279

Grand

Total 660 832 1368 2587 2898 2911 1587 1443 1590 15876



136

These tables stated the distribution of wadi beneficiaries based on the species. In 2002,

highest amount of species was distributed and in 2004, lowest amount was distributed. In

Dediapada highest mango species are distributed. And In Sagbara cluster highest species are

distributed.

Table: 1.5 Area in Ha of species wise Horticulture covered in Tribal South Gujarat Region:

Cluster Name

Name Of Specie 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Grand Total

Dediapada Mango 0 0 0 1.6 0

74.2

6

12.5

5 4.4 92.81

MANGO 75.4 75.4

Mango,lemon 89 89

Mango,Lemon

,Chiku 75 75

Dediapada

Total 0 0 0 1.6 0

74.2

6 75

176.

95 4.4 332.21

Mandvi Lemon 0.03 0.03

Mango 6.37

25.0

4 5.06 6.8

84.5

1

54.1

3 34.2 15.7 231.81

Chiku 0.13 0.2 0.33

Mandvi

Total 6.53

25.0

4 5.06 6.8

84.7

1

54.1

3 34.2 15.7 232.17

Naswadi Chiku

35.5

8 0.7 36.28

Lemon

30.8

6 0.1 30.96

Mango 16.1

87.9

1 12.1 116.11

Mango,Lemon 30.5 30.5

Mango,

Chiku,Lemon

184.

4 184.4

Naswadi

Total 46.6

154.

35

197.

3 398.25

Netrang Mango 0 0 1 12.7

52.0

5 0

29.5

6 67.05 162.36

Mango,lemon 43 43

Netrang

Total 0 0 1 12.7

52.0

5 0

29.5

6 43 67.05 205.36

Sagbara Chiku 2.96 2.96


137


These tables stated the horticulture program in south Gujarat based on the area distribution.

The total area covered is 1942.57 hector. In Sagbara, largest area is covered 757.98 hector

and the smallest area comes under Netrang cluster is 205.36 hector.

Table: 1.6 Mango- beneficiaries in all clusters:

Cluster

Benefited Farmers farmers

based on year (2002-10)

Dediapada 2391

Sagbara 2520

Netrang 1658

Mandvi 1356

Umarpada 457

Naswadi 996

Total 9378


There are total 9378 mango-beneficiaries. Highest no. of beneficiaries is found in Sagbara

and lowest no. is found in Umarpada. This mango wadi program helps a lot to increase their

source of income.

Lemon 3.96 3.96

Lemon,Chiku,

Mango

57.2

2 3.6 17.8 78.62

Mango

61.9

4

17.2

7

243.

01 0

107.

48

107.

33

50.9

7 2.4 590.4

Lemon

82.0

4 82.04

Sagbara

Total

61.9

4

17.2

7

243.

01 0

107.

48

114.

25

57.2

2

136.

61 20.2 757.98

Umarpada Chiku 2 2 0 4

Lemon 0 0 1.25 0 1.25

Mango 4.1 7.25 0 11.35

Umarpada

Total 0 6.1 10.5 0 16.6

Grand

Total

68.4

7

42.3

1

249.

07 21.1

296.

94

407.

49

393.

28

372.

26 91.65 1942.57


138

Table 1.7 Break Even Point of Farmers:

Name of farmer/ year 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th Santu shipa chaudhary 2423 10190 6472 16644 7000 17748 24420 16670 21810 29267 Ramsingh Bablia 4544 8218 8933 9657 11879 15961 27991 30802 37178 Rajesh Murji Vasava 200 7020 4526 6350 7622 -950 4530 12350 17750 Balwant Umaid Vasava -5146 0 0 0 0 1852 3888 7092 10850 Dhanjibhai Kotania -4262 168 430 8390 9070 1671 8405 13371

Ramesh Surji

-28281 7013 8667 13130 19300 32085 19100 38000 46500

Shiva Naruji -4355 1844 3735 3125 3152 4672 9050 11652 Ukadia Jataria -3236 213 177 770 1463 5933 12630 14182 15011

Ajaybhai Hursimbhai 1960 -3026

-2029 454 4477 12383 22032 37080 33371

Bachu Gimia 240 800 2250 6000 8500 12000 16000 5000

Kiransingh vasava 3733 -544 -

3620 43500 2790 -157 163 363 12090 6991 Bhikubhai Tadvi 2600 813 800 750 -550 4750 7420 11160

Dhanjibhai Bondabhai -4900 2920 2608 3887 4235 7244 8805 Dineshbhai Navalbhai 4610 2900 5968 6172 4446 14887 16541 26345 14764

Lalubhai Tade -7014 -1155 9110 1286 7130 13884 18710 14252 Sakarambhai Tadve -3500 0 0 298 1985 3286 4780 9746 18581 14981

Dhanabhai Dungersingh -

10081 3025 5586 4475 16375 17657 20911

Karansingh Dhamnia -

10002 -202 -331 2038 2739 -434 1979

Laxman Tadvi -

12478 2620 3599 2276 16796 7310 41107

Murji Kotania -

10612 1490 1164 3249 4791 5004 5666


Horticulture Study in tribal south Gujarat Region

Documents

Transcript of Horticulture Study in tribal south Gujarat Region