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Government of Gujarat
Tribal Development Programmes
Tribal Development DepartmentGovernment of Gujarat
2
Tribal Population in India
Called Scheduled Tribes & defined in Article 342 of Constitution of India
Cover 8.2% of India’s population and 15% of geographical area
500 scheduled tribes, 29 in Gujarat (8.87% of country’s Scheduled Tribes)
75 Primitive Tribes, 5 in Gujarat
3
Features of Scheduled Tribes
Defined by Lokur Committee Show primitive traits Have distinctive culture Shyness of contact with public at
large Geographical isolation Social & economic backwardness
4
Features of Primitive Tribes
Pre-agrarian level of technology Stagnant or declining population Extremely low literacy Subsistence level of economy
5
Scheduled Areas Governor of the State has special
powers concerning- Prohibition or restricted transfer of land
of ST Regulation on business of money lending Selective application of state legislations Submission of annual report on
administration of the area Constitution of Tribal Advisory Council Application of Panchayats (Extension to
Scheduled Areas) Act
6
7
Administrative Mechanism Tribal Area Sub Plans
Specifically earmarked budget for Tribal areas in proportion to their population
Funds are non-divertible Tribal Development Department entrusted with
planning and budgetary powers for TASP funds Result
Gujarat earmarks 14.8% of its budget for tribal areas
Adverse indicators have been arrested Many innovative programmes launched Good infrastructure development
8
Administrative Mechanism
Integrated Tribal Development Projects Specifically empowered officials (Project
Administrators) appointed to ITDP areas Project Administrators have
Specific powers over activities of other agencies
Some flexible funds for designing any needed intervention
Have monitoring & supervisory roles over other Departments
9
Administrative Mechanism
Gujarat Pattern Funds Funds allocated for decentralized
planning Sector-wise funds devolve to the district District level Tribal Advisory Board develops
& implements plans No financial approvals required Funds mainly meant to provide for missing
links, economic development & infrastructure 20% funds kept at state level for inter-district
projects
10
Administrative Mechanism
Gujarat Pattern Funds Allocation in Last three Years
Fund Allocation in Guj Pattern
176
262.5 264
410
0
100
200
300
400
500
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Year
Rs i
n C
r
Fund( Rs in Cr)
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Administrative Mechanism
Gujarat Pattern Funds Sectoral Allocation ( 2007-08)
Sectoral Fund Allocation
13%
12%
50%
8%
5%12%
Agriculture Irrigation Infrastructure
Education Health Social Services/Others
12
Hurdles in Development
Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)
Hurdles in Development
4940.5
32
23 22 21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60W
eak
Com
munic
ation
Adm
in's
Non
Response
Poor
Aw
are
ness
Weak P
RI
Low
Part
icip
ation o
f
Wom
enS
r
Citiz
ens
Corr
uption
Issues
Perc
enta
ge
13
Expectations from Government
Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)
Expectation From Government
68
49
3631
0
1020
3040
50
6070
80
Employment Housing Irrigation Subsidy on Food
Demand
Perc
en
tag
e
14
ResultsFindings of Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)
Improvement in Life
45 44
34.5 3224.5 24 21.5
05
101520253035404550
Housin
g
Qua
lity-E
duca
qtio
n
Schoo
l Enr
ollm
ent
Bette
r Healt
h
Agricu
lture
Pro
duct
ion
Milk
Pro
duct
ion
Bette
r Inf
rastr
uctu
re
Area
Per
cen
tag
e
15
Results
Findings of Tribal Need Assessment Study( By Taleem-2007)
Benefit from Govt Schemes
80
5845
37 35 3422
0102030405060708090
Name of the Schemes
Percen
tag
e
16
Literacy Rate among Tribal Population
Littracy Rate In ST Population
11.7 14.221.1
29.7
47.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Year
Perc
en
tag
e
17
Concerns Positive attention without specific strategy Government & NGO driven micro-enterprise
promotion Agriculture seen as means of subsistence animal husbandry as part time income Low value/ part-time enterprise promotion
Poverty gaps not getting reduced 38% of Gujarat’s poor are ST
Vocal & visible sections getting majority of benefits- potential cause for social conflicts & extremism
Unable to focus on sectors which have better potential- low return on investments
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Manifestations of Poverty Features of food intake
70-80% income on food, esp. basic food staples Gender discrimination
Women have low access to & control of land, credit, technology, education, health & skilled work
Female headed households: low access to assets & social services
Heavier work burden Diverse sources of livelihood
To reduce risk Income in slack seasons
Low access to credit Assymetric information High unit cost of institutional credit
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Manifestations of Poverty Poor & livestock assets
More control over small stock Less capital but more labour intensive Can thrive in harsher climate
Public services & poor Very little health & education expenditure on poor Weak service delivery Low level of demand creation by poor
Constraints faced by poor Concentration in remote & resource deficient regions Poor transport infrastructure Lack of electricity Human capital deficiencies: ill health, under nutrition
& illiteracy Have lower able bodied adults than non-poor
20
NGO Promoted Enterprises Unstable survivors
Minimal entry barriers: low capital, low technology, low market contact
Start up enterprises Loan sizes small Work for limited duration Credit for consumption smoothening Low credit absorption capacity Average credit under NABARD SHG linkage
programme was Rs. 2602 (Gujarat) & Rs. 2050 (Gujarat Tribal Areas)
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Government Promoted Enterprises Stable survivors
Low return on labour Low profitability- low reinvestment Lack of timely market information Low value addition High competition Little job creation High covariance risk Average SGSY credit in Gujarat was Rs.
7468 (SHG) & Rs. 25,000 (individual)
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Sustainable Enterprise Development
Growth Enterprises Upper end of poverty scale Have production & risk taking
experience Use labour intensive production
techniques Average per capita expenditure under
IDDP will be Rs. 60,000
23
Chief Minister’s 10 Point Programme
1. Quality & sustainable Employment for 500 thousand tribal families
2. Emphasis on quality education & higher education3. Accelerated economic development of tribal areas4. Health for all5. Housing for all6. Safe drinking water to all7. Irrigation opportunity8. All weather roads9. Universal availability of electricity10. Urban development
24
Focus of TPP Features
Aimed to bridge the gap in next 5 years Assured funds Outcome monitoring through third parties Strengthening of delivery mechanism People’s participation
Doubling of Income Dairy based mega projects launched Horticulture & agricultural diversification projects Involvement of private sector on outcome guarantee
basis Convergence with irrigation, electricity & agriculture
related agencies High quality skill training centers with private
participation Stress on LEITES, broad band connectivity
25
Focus of TPP Social Infrastructure
Quality education to meritorious students
Delivery in private hospitals, specially equipped wards in major hospitals & attention on major diseases
Piped drinking water at household levels Focus on primitive tribes, migrant
families & women headed households Quality houses for all
26
Focus of TPP
Civil infrastructure State of art roads, electricity &
broadband connectivity- also linked with major projects
Support for irrigation & modern farming techniques
Urban pockets to act as growth engines
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Best Practices Vadi : 5400 Acres, 87000 households in last 3
years Dairy: 2.2 lakhs Litres, 25000 households Water Harvesting :12000 Check Dams,
22,000 ha through lift irrigation, emphasis on drip irrigation
Jyoti Gram Yojana: All villages covered Kanya Kelwani: Focus on low literacy tribal
villages Krishi Mahotsav: 85% Villages Coverage, 2.5
lakh Soil Health Card & 20,000 Kisan Credit Cards issued
28
29
Pilot Projects Doodh Sanjivani
200 ml Sweet, Flavoured, Fortified Milk daily
52000 School Children, 2 Talukas on pilot basis
WiMAX: Broad band Connectivity, 1st in Chhotaudepur
BioMatrix: To monitor attendance in 100 Ashramshalas
Pre-paid meters for migrating families
30
Pilot Projects
LPG- 1,00,000 connections for tribal areas, priority to women headed HHs
Tribal Wards Access of high quality health services, free of cost Facilitation for procedures and diagnostic tests by
a dedicated attendant Augmented nursing staff Clean environment
Sanitary Pad Units in rural areas- low cost, high quality sanitary pads to improve personal hygiene and reduce gynecological problems
31
Pilot Projects Eklavya Model Residential Schools
High quality, urban level public schools for meritorious children
Average expenditure- Rs. 25,000 per child/ year
Capital cost- Rs. 5 crore per school 43 schools proposed, 8 already running Management to be outsourced to
reputed schools Participation of industrial houses being
sought
32
Private Sector’s Participation CM’s Ten Point Programme actively
seeks private sector participation for- Implementation of large, labour intensive
projects in tribal areas Grant @ Rs. 30,000 per family Plus credit Provision of required infrastructure Outcome guarantee
Setting up modern skill training schools Full capital & recurring cost by Government Full employability to be assured
Supporting EMRS Support for capital/ recurring cost Management of schools