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Government of Gujarat

Tribal Development Programmes

Tribal Development DepartmentGovernment of Gujarat

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Tribal Population in India

Called Scheduled Tribes & defined in Article 342 of Constitution of India

Cover 8.2% of India’s population and 15% of geographical area

500 scheduled tribes, 29 in Gujarat (8.87% of country’s Scheduled Tribes)

75 Primitive Tribes, 5 in Gujarat

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Features of Scheduled Tribes

Defined by Lokur Committee Show primitive traits Have distinctive culture Shyness of contact with public at

large Geographical isolation Social & economic backwardness

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Features of Primitive Tribes

Pre-agrarian level of technology Stagnant or declining population Extremely low literacy Subsistence level of economy

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Scheduled Areas Governor of the State has special

powers concerning- Prohibition or restricted transfer of land

of ST Regulation on business of money lending Selective application of state legislations Submission of annual report on

administration of the area Constitution of Tribal Advisory Council Application of Panchayats (Extension to

Scheduled Areas) Act

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Administrative Mechanism Tribal Area Sub Plans

Specifically earmarked budget for Tribal areas in proportion to their population

Funds are non-divertible Tribal Development Department entrusted with

planning and budgetary powers for TASP funds Result

Gujarat earmarks 14.8% of its budget for tribal areas

Adverse indicators have been arrested Many innovative programmes launched Good infrastructure development

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Administrative Mechanism

Integrated Tribal Development Projects Specifically empowered officials (Project

Administrators) appointed to ITDP areas Project Administrators have

Specific powers over activities of other agencies

Some flexible funds for designing any needed intervention

Have monitoring & supervisory roles over other Departments

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Administrative Mechanism

Gujarat Pattern Funds Funds allocated for decentralized

planning Sector-wise funds devolve to the district District level Tribal Advisory Board develops

& implements plans No financial approvals required Funds mainly meant to provide for missing

links, economic development & infrastructure 20% funds kept at state level for inter-district

projects

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Administrative Mechanism

Gujarat Pattern Funds Allocation in Last three Years

Fund Allocation in Guj Pattern

176

262.5 264

410

0

100

200

300

400

500

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Year

Rs i

n C

r

Fund( Rs in Cr)

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Administrative Mechanism

Gujarat Pattern Funds Sectoral Allocation ( 2007-08)

Sectoral Fund Allocation

13%

12%

50%

8%

5%12%

Agriculture Irrigation Infrastructure

Education Health Social Services/Others

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Hurdles in Development

Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)

Hurdles in Development

4940.5

32

23 22 21

0

10

20

30

40

50

60W

eak

Com

munic

ation

Adm

in's

Non

Response

Poor

Aw

are

ness

Weak P

RI

Low

Part

icip

ation o

f

Wom

enS

r

Citiz

ens

Corr

uption

Issues

Perc

enta

ge

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Expectations from Government

Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)

Expectation From Government

68

49

3631

0

1020

3040

50

6070

80

Employment Housing Irrigation Subsidy on Food

Demand

Perc

en

tag

e

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ResultsFindings of Tribal Need Assessment Study (Taleem, 2007)

Improvement in Life

45 44

34.5 3224.5 24 21.5

05

101520253035404550

Housin

g

Qua

lity-E

duca

qtio

n

Schoo

l Enr

ollm

ent

Bette

r Healt

h

Agricu

lture

Pro

duct

ion

Milk

Pro

duct

ion

Bette

r Inf

rastr

uctu

re

Area

Per

cen

tag

e

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Results

Findings of Tribal Need Assessment Study( By Taleem-2007)

Benefit from Govt Schemes

80

5845

37 35 3422

0102030405060708090

Name of the Schemes

Percen

tag

e

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Literacy Rate among Tribal Population

Littracy Rate In ST Population

11.7 14.221.1

29.7

47.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Year

Perc

en

tag

e

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Concerns Positive attention without specific strategy Government & NGO driven micro-enterprise

promotion Agriculture seen as means of subsistence animal husbandry as part time income Low value/ part-time enterprise promotion

Poverty gaps not getting reduced 38% of Gujarat’s poor are ST

Vocal & visible sections getting majority of benefits- potential cause for social conflicts & extremism

Unable to focus on sectors which have better potential- low return on investments

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Manifestations of Poverty Features of food intake

70-80% income on food, esp. basic food staples Gender discrimination

Women have low access to & control of land, credit, technology, education, health & skilled work

Female headed households: low access to assets & social services

Heavier work burden Diverse sources of livelihood

To reduce risk Income in slack seasons

Low access to credit Assymetric information High unit cost of institutional credit

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Manifestations of Poverty Poor & livestock assets

More control over small stock Less capital but more labour intensive Can thrive in harsher climate

Public services & poor Very little health & education expenditure on poor Weak service delivery Low level of demand creation by poor

Constraints faced by poor Concentration in remote & resource deficient regions Poor transport infrastructure Lack of electricity Human capital deficiencies: ill health, under nutrition

& illiteracy Have lower able bodied adults than non-poor

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NGO Promoted Enterprises Unstable survivors

Minimal entry barriers: low capital, low technology, low market contact

Start up enterprises Loan sizes small Work for limited duration Credit for consumption smoothening Low credit absorption capacity Average credit under NABARD SHG linkage

programme was Rs. 2602 (Gujarat) & Rs. 2050 (Gujarat Tribal Areas)

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Government Promoted Enterprises Stable survivors

Low return on labour Low profitability- low reinvestment Lack of timely market information Low value addition High competition Little job creation High covariance risk Average SGSY credit in Gujarat was Rs.

7468 (SHG) & Rs. 25,000 (individual)

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Sustainable Enterprise Development

Growth Enterprises Upper end of poverty scale Have production & risk taking

experience Use labour intensive production

techniques Average per capita expenditure under

IDDP will be Rs. 60,000

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Chief Minister’s 10 Point Programme

1. Quality & sustainable Employment for 500 thousand tribal families

2. Emphasis on quality education & higher education3. Accelerated economic development of tribal areas4. Health for all5. Housing for all6. Safe drinking water to all7. Irrigation opportunity8. All weather roads9. Universal availability of electricity10. Urban development

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Focus of TPP Features

Aimed to bridge the gap in next 5 years Assured funds Outcome monitoring through third parties Strengthening of delivery mechanism People’s participation

Doubling of Income Dairy based mega projects launched Horticulture & agricultural diversification projects Involvement of private sector on outcome guarantee

basis Convergence with irrigation, electricity & agriculture

related agencies High quality skill training centers with private

participation Stress on LEITES, broad band connectivity

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Focus of TPP Social Infrastructure

Quality education to meritorious students

Delivery in private hospitals, specially equipped wards in major hospitals & attention on major diseases

Piped drinking water at household levels Focus on primitive tribes, migrant

families & women headed households Quality houses for all

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Focus of TPP

Civil infrastructure State of art roads, electricity &

broadband connectivity- also linked with major projects

Support for irrigation & modern farming techniques

Urban pockets to act as growth engines

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Best Practices Vadi : 5400 Acres, 87000 households in last 3

years Dairy: 2.2 lakhs Litres, 25000 households Water Harvesting :12000 Check Dams,

22,000 ha through lift irrigation, emphasis on drip irrigation

Jyoti Gram Yojana: All villages covered Kanya Kelwani: Focus on low literacy tribal

villages Krishi Mahotsav: 85% Villages Coverage, 2.5

lakh Soil Health Card & 20,000 Kisan Credit Cards issued

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Pilot Projects Doodh Sanjivani

200 ml Sweet, Flavoured, Fortified Milk daily

52000 School Children, 2 Talukas on pilot basis

WiMAX: Broad band Connectivity, 1st in Chhotaudepur

BioMatrix: To monitor attendance in 100 Ashramshalas

Pre-paid meters for migrating families

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Pilot Projects

LPG- 1,00,000 connections for tribal areas, priority to women headed HHs

Tribal Wards Access of high quality health services, free of cost Facilitation for procedures and diagnostic tests by

a dedicated attendant Augmented nursing staff Clean environment

Sanitary Pad Units in rural areas- low cost, high quality sanitary pads to improve personal hygiene and reduce gynecological problems

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Pilot Projects Eklavya Model Residential Schools

High quality, urban level public schools for meritorious children

Average expenditure- Rs. 25,000 per child/ year

Capital cost- Rs. 5 crore per school 43 schools proposed, 8 already running Management to be outsourced to

reputed schools Participation of industrial houses being

sought

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Private Sector’s Participation CM’s Ten Point Programme actively

seeks private sector participation for- Implementation of large, labour intensive

projects in tribal areas Grant @ Rs. 30,000 per family Plus credit Provision of required infrastructure Outcome guarantee

Setting up modern skill training schools Full capital & recurring cost by Government Full employability to be assured

Supporting EMRS Support for capital/ recurring cost Management of schools