THEME: ICT

LOGICAL CONNECTORSGuidelinesLogical connectors are used to link ideas or sentences. To improve on your essay, you need to use logical connectors where appropriate. Some examples of logical connectors are as follows:

Logical ConnectorsFunctionExamples

because, since, asTo show reason They could not go out because it rained heavily.

Since he woke up late, he missed the bus. As she is busy preparing for her examination, she has no time to read her e-mails.

for, so that, in order toTo show purpose She wants to save some money for her future. Tang is studying hard so that he can pass the examination with flying colours. He worked day and night in order to raise money for his fathers operation.

as a result, consequently, thereforeTo show cause and effect The rain fell heavily for three days. As a result, the village was flooded. John did not have enough sleep for a week. Consequently, he fell sick. He broke the glass in the shop. Therefore, he had to pay for it.

but, although, even though, howeverTo show contrast He tried his best but could not achieve his target. Although he has the qualification, he still cannot get a job. She is very generous even though she is not rich.

if, unless, as long asTo express condition If you go to the market, please buy me a packet of noodles. Chong is not going to Penang unless the weather is fine. As long as you make sales, you can continue working here.

in addition, furthermore, besidesTo add new information They put up the lights. In addition, they changed the curtains. I have never been to Kelinga. Furthermore, I do not know where it is.

Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with suitable logical connectors. You may use some of them more than once.therefore, for, since, as, because, in order to, as a result, so, consequently, so that

1. We must save some money _________ our future.2. You must study hard _________________ the examination is on Monday.3. ____________ it was a sunny day, I decided to go strolling along the beach.4. Alan is afraid of the dark ___________ he leaves the light on all night.5. He switched on the fan ___________ it was hot but his brother switched it off.6. Izan lost the keys to his house. __________________, he could not get in.7. She reads a lot of story books. _________________ her English has improved.8. ________________________ be successful, one must be determined and disciplined.9. _______________ our favourite restaurant was closed, we had to go somewhere else for dinner.10. Speak loudly ___________________ I can hear you.

Exercise 2Join the sentences using the logical connectors given.

1. Jane continued to work. She was tired. (even though)_________________________________________________________________________2. I could not take part in the football match. I had sprained my ankle. (because)_________________________________________________________________________3. Mak Minah still plants her own vegetables. She is already 65 years old. (although)_________________________________________________________________________4. He jogs every morning in the park. He is not busy. (if)_________________________________________________________________________5. The cleaner mops the floor every day. She keeps it clean. (in order to)_________________________________________________________________________Exercise 3Complete the story with the logical connectors given.

because, since, but, if, therefore

One morning, I woke up late. 1__________, I decided to take the shorter route to work. As I was driving down the road, I saw two men in a van. They looked suspicious 2______________ they parked their car in front of Encik Raihans house. I knew that Encik Raihan and his wife were away in Mecca on a pilgrimage.I immediately called the police who came after a few minutes. Apparently, three other men were already inside the house. 3_________________ four patrol cars and fifteen armed policemen had surrounded the house, they could not escape. One of them tried to flee through the back door 4________ was caught by one of the policemen. 5________ I had been early to work, the burglars would have stolen from many houses too.

ARTICLEGuidelines 1. Read the question/instruction carefully.2. Organise the given points in paragraphs.3. Give your article a suitable title.4. Use simple and formal language.5. Use all the points/notes given. Expand on them and give relevant examples or reasons.6. End your article appropriately.7. Once you have finished writing, check for grammatical and spelling mistakes.

Formats for an articleFormat 1 Format 2 Title by : (Name of writer ) (Introduction)_______________________________________________________________________________

(Body/Content points)________________________________________________________________________

(Body/content points)________________________________________________________________________

(Conclusion) _________________________________________________

Title (Introduction)__________________________________________________________________________________

(Body/content points)____________________________________________________________________________

(Body/ content points)___________________________________________________________________________

(Conclusion) ___________________________________________________

Written by,(Name of writer)

Task 1Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order according to either format 1 or format 2.

Apart from e-mail, we can also keep in touch and make new friends through chatrooms. Chatrooms enable us to communicate in real time and receive responses almost instantly. Those with webcams will even be able to see each other. The Benefits of the Information Highway Now, Im sure many of you surf the Internet, be it for information of for entertainment. I, myself, find it most convenient to keep in touch with friends and relatives through e-mails. Furthermore, it saves costs. I do not have to waste time queueing up at the post office to buy stamps. We can also carry out e-learning through the Internet. Our teachers can set us tasks and we can work online, allowing them to monitor our progress. At the same time, we can engage in forums among ourselves. In this way, we can exchange ideas, learn from each other and more importantly, develop to become independent learners. The Information Highway offers us a lot of benefits. What is the Information Highway? Of course, it is not one that is choked with cars zooming by. It is just another name for the Internet. by : Amir b. Hassan In conclusion, the Information Highway has made our work and lives easier. It has become an indispensable part of our life. As such, we cannot deny the fact that the Information Highway has indeed benefitted us in many ways.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 2As the Chairperson of the Computer Club in your school, you have been asked to write an article on The advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Write your article using the notes given below.

Advantages convenient provides valuable information makes learning fun enhances students learning interests chat with friends send and receive e-mailsDisadvantages information can be misleading exposed to inappropriate websites making friends through the Internet can be dangerous addictive affect health personal information used for potential crime

When writing your article, you should remember to: give a suitable title give your name as the writer use all the information given provide an endingExercise 1Rearrange the sentences given below to form a paragraph. The truth is that, the Internet has its advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays, people all over the world are using the Internet for a variety of purposes. Some people praise it for the many benefits it brings while others argue that it is a harmful tool.

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The Internet makes learning fun as students learn information that is presented in ways that school textbooks cannot match. One of the advantages of the Internet is that it is very convenient for us to search for information. In fact, it provides valuable information on various subjects. The information is easily available with just the click of a mouse. The colourful audio-visual aids attract the attention of students, especially young children. Moreover, it enables us to chat with our friends. The Internet also enhances the students learning interests as it encourages their interaction with the subject matter. In addition, we can also send as well as receive e-mails from people all over the world. Apart from that, it enables us to chat with our friends.

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However, the Internet also has its disadvantages. Some of the information is misleading. Another disadvantage is children can be exposed to inappropriate websites without adult supervision. This is because the information available may not be the truth. There are many stories of young girls who have been cheated by people they got to know through the Internet. Furthermore, students can get addictive to the Internet. Moreover, personal information such as address and telephone number can also be used by a professional identity thief for a potential crime. Making friends through the Internet can be dangerous especially to children and young girls. This is because they spend many hours on the Internet. If this continues, it will certainly affect their health.

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It is therefore the responsibility of the parents and teachers to monitor the activities of their children or students. In conclusion, although the Internet has its disadvantages, the fact remains that the Internet is here to stay.

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Exercise 2Now, write out the article using the correct format.

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Task 3Your school has just bought new computers for the Computer Room. As the Chairperson of the Computer Club, you have been asked to write an article about the advantages of using computers.You made the following notes:

make jobs easy make assignments attractive information can be stored easily can play computer games Internet facilities can get latest news from all over the worldWhen writing your article, you should remember to:

give a suitable title give your name as the writer use all the information given elaborate on all the points given provide an ending

Exercise 1Elaborate on the points given.

Content pointsElaboration

1. make jobs easy

2. make assignments attractive and interesting

3. can store information easily

4. can play computer games

5. Internet facilities

6. can get the latest news from all over the world

Exercise 2Complete the sentences below using the information above.

1. Computers ______________________________________________________________________2. They also help to make ____________________________________________________________3. We can store ____________________________________________________________________4. In addition, we can play ___________________________________________________________5. Computers also provide access to ___________________________________________________6. If we are connected to the Internet, we can get _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3Complete the paragraphs below. Use the sentences above to help you and then, continue with the elaboration.

1. Computers ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. They also help to make __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. We can store __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.In addition, we can play _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Computers also provide access to _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.If we are connected to the Internet, we can get ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4Write the above article using Format 1 or Format 2.

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THEME: ENVIRONMENT

REPORTTask 1 Requirements of a report

Exercise 1: Read the question below and complete the report with the notes given.

SAMPLE PAST YEAR QUESTION REPORT (SPM 2009)Many of your schoolmates are not interested in sports. You have carried out a survey on the reasons for their lack of interest. Based on your findings, write a report to the Principal regarding the matter. In your report, give reasons for the lack of interest in sports and provide suggestions to overcome the problems.

Use the following notes to write your report.

REASONS

Students attitude lack of timeParents emphasis on academic performance tuition classesFacilities insufficient sports equipment poor condition field, courts

SUGGESTIONS

Stress importance of sportsImprove facilitiesOrganise more competitions

Dialogue with parentsEmploy qualified trainersOffer attractive prizes

When writing the report, you must; address your report to the Principal provide a title include your name use all the notes givenTo : The Principal of SMK Datuk Haji Ahmad BadawiFrom : Marlinawati, President of Sports ClubTitle : A report on reasons for the lack of interest in sports among students

The Sports Club of SMK Datuk Haji Ahmad Badawi had recently conducted a survey among 150 students of this school. The purpose of the survey is to identify the reasons for the lack of interest in sports among students in this school. The results of the survey show that there are three main reasons for the lack of interest shown. The first reason is the (1)________________ towards sports. They do not think participating in sports is important. They stated that sports are merely extra-curricular activities which they are required to take. Some students also said that they (2)__________________ to take part in sports. Most of them are busy after school with club or society meetings or tuition classes. The second reason lies with the parents. The students surveyed said that their parents place (3)_______________________________. Their parents also do not encourage them to participate in sports because they want them to concentrate on their studies. Any free time they have is filled with (4)_______________________ or extra classes. The third reason the students gave is related to sports facilities and equipment. First, there is (5) ___________________________ for everyone. Students have to take turns to use the racquets or hockey sticks which waste a lot of their time. Many get bored waiting while some lose interest and eventually do not attend practice at all. Second, students stated that the (6)______________________________. They could not practise well or enjoy themselves. The problems identified through the survey can be overcome with the following suggestions. First, teachers could (7)______________________________ to their students such as keeping the mind and body fit and healthy and learning the essential values such as teamwork. Teachers could also hold (8)_________________________ to help them understand the importance of sports in helping to create well-rounded students. Second, the school should allocate more funds to help (9)_______________________ and buy more equipment so everyone can have the opportunity to participate. It will also be a good idea to (10)_______________________ or coaches to help students learn and enjoy each game better. Third, the school could (11)_________________________ to get students interested in participating in sports. Competitions are always fun so this would be a good way to encourage students to be interested in sports. In addition, the school could also (12)____________________ to encourage participation and reward students for their performance. The suggestions will help to create interest and encourage students participation in sports. Reported by, Marlina(MARLINAWATI)

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Adapted from Saids SPM Module 2013

NOTE: FORMAT OF A REPORT

(A) or (B)To :Title :

(Paragraphs)

Name of writer*

To : From :Title :

(Paragraphs)

F1 F1 F2 F2 F3 REPORT

F3

* Signature Reported by / Written by / Prepared by

The Title; e.g. 'A Report on ....' 'An Investigation into...' 'An Analysis of ...' 'A Comparison of ... and ...'

Use of suitable tenses - Simple Past and Past PerfectNOTE : We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they occurred. However, when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell what had happened before, we use Past Perfect.

Simple PastPast Perfect

some time in the pastExample:Jane got up at seven. She opened her birthday presents and then the whole family went to the zoo.

before/up to a certain time in the pastExample:Before her sixth birthday, Jane had never been to the zoo.

Signal WordsSimple PastPast Perfect

first then already up to then before that day after*

*Note: "After" is only used as a signal word for Past Perfect if it is followed by a subject + verb, meaning that one action had been completed before another action began (the new action is in Simple Past).Example:After the family had had breakfast, they went to the zoo. However, if "after" is followed by object + subject + verb, the verb belongs to the new action and is therefore in Simple Past.Example:After her visit to the zoo, Jane was exhausted.

Exercise 2: Write down the correct form (pronoun + verb). Simple Past Past Perfect

I / go

he / drive

they / put

you / feel

she / stop

Exercise 3: Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect).

1. Our survey (reveal) ____________ that several public recreational places (be) _______ poorly- maintained.2. We (gather) ___________ at the park entrance early in the morning.3. The gardeners (help) __________ to dig flower beds. 4. We (empty) ____________ the waste bins and (pick) ________ up garbage that (have) _______ been (strew) _____________ carelessly all over the park.5. In times when there (be) __________ haze, open burning (worsen) ____________ the situation.

Use of suitable tenses - Simple Past and Present Perfect

Simple PastPresent Perfect

certain time in the pastExample:I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.just / already / not yetExample:I have just phoned Mary.

certain event in the past Example:He went to Canada last summer.whether / how often till now Example:Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice.

Signal WordsSimple PastPresent Perfect Simple

yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ... just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

Exercise 4: Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).1. A: I (see / not) _____________ you for a long time. Where (you / be) _____________ ?2. B: I (just / come) _______________back from Canada. 3. A: Oh really? What (you / do) _______________in Canada? 4. B: I (take) ______________ a nature tour. 5. A: Wow! (you / see) _______________many wild animals there? 6. B: Of course. I (watch) ___________bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That (be) ____________ so interesting. (you /ever/ spend ) _______________a holiday in Canada? 7. A: Yes, I (travel) _____________around Canada twice so far. 8. B: When (you / go) ____________ there? 9. A: The first time I (go) ___________ there (be) __________in 1997 and the second time in 2004. 10. B: (you / enjoy) _______________ it? 11. A: I absolutely (love) ___________ it, especially the west coast. Use of passive voiceNote : In the passive voice, the verb takes an object.Examples:Our class was given the task of cleaning up the neglected Taman Cahaya.Parents were encouraged to take part in the activity.The garbage was strewn everywhere.These sentences are in passive voice. The Passive voice is used in English (a) To stress the action done rather than the doer of the action(b) If the doer is unknown

Exercise 5: Change the following sentences into the passive form.1. They dug a well.

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2. She found mosquitoes everywhere. _________________________________________________________________________________3. The gardener beautified the park with new plants._________________________________________________________________________________4. The flood ruined and even washed away the fences._________________________________________________________________________________5. Mud and rubbish being dumped into the drains clog them._________________________________________________________________________________

Task 2 A Clean-up CampaignYour school has organised a Clean-up Campaign at the parks nearby the school. Before the event, a survey was carried out to determine the places that need cleaning up. After the event, you have been asked to write a report to the Advisor of the School Environment Club on the activities carried out by your class.

Use the notes given below to write your report.

Tasks clean neglected park survey parents and students take partPreparation well-equipped lorries hired recycling centres divided into pick up garbage beautify park seedlings and young shrubsHope enjoy results of hard work proper maintenance

When writing the report, you must; address your report to the Principal provide a title include your name use all the notes given

Exercise 5: Write out the sentences using the notes given.1. Our class given the task cleaning up neglected Taman Naluri_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________2. survey revealed several public recreational places poorly-maintained_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________3. Besides students parents encouraged take part activity_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________4. had to be properly equipped gloves, hats, spades, gardening shears, brooms _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________5. hired lorries transport refuse dump sites _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________6. lorries waste materials brought recycling centres bring plants and soil - park_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________7. divided into groups parent acting leader each group_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________8. picked up rubbish strewn all over compound_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________9. two hours - beautifying park new plants_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________10. 6.00 p.m. - work finished scheduled _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

11. look forward visiting - enjoying fruits of our labour _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________12. park properly lovingly maintained__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Task 1: Complete the report based on the question given.

To : ___________________________________From : ___________________________Title : A report on __________________________________

On the 24th April, our school carried out a project called _______________________. Our class, Form 5 Cemerlang, was given the task of _________________________________________.Our ____________had revealed that several public recreational places _________________. While land has been developed for apartment buildings, houses and shopping complexes, parks are still in a sorry state.Besides the ____________, ___________________________________ to take part in the activity which was held on a weekend. We had to be ________________________ with gloves, hats, spades, gardening shears and brooms. We hired ______________________________ to transport refuse to the dump sites. These lorries also carried waste materials to be brought to ____________________ as well as to bring plants and soil to the park. The school even borrowed two lawn movers and several ladders from the Municipal Council.As early as 8.00 oclock in the morning, we gathered at the park entrance. From the start, _________________________________ with a parent acting as the leader of each group. In the cool, fresh air, we bustled around, weeding, cutting and sweeping. Activity was intense and very soon, the black plastic bags were filled with twigs, branches and grass. We also emptied the waste bins and ___________________________that had been strewn carelessly all over the compound. At 6.00 p.m., work finished as scheduled. The last two hours was devoted to _________________________ with new plants. The regular gardeners for the park helped us improve the soil and dig flower beds. It was indeed a pleasant task to ________________________. We can now look forward to visiting the park and enjoying ________________________. We hope the park will be _________________________________ from now on.

THEME: SOCIAL ISSUES

FORMAL LETTERCommon Types of Formal LetterLetter of job applicationLetter of complaintLetter of inquiryLetter of requestCommon phrases in formal letter writingI am writing toI would like toI would like to make/lodge a complaintI would like to complain aboutI would like draw your attention toI would be pleased ifI would appreciate it ifI hope you would take immediate actionI hope you give my suggestions due consideration

Exercise 1Write out the sentences with the phrases given.1. rubbish not collected attract flies rats (I would like to complain)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. rubbish terrible stench vomit (I am writing to)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. drains clogged overflow when it rains (I would like to draw your attention to)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. plastic bags food containers breeding grounds for mosquitoes (I want to lodge a complaint) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. more rubbish truck collect rubbish every two days (I would appreciate it if)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

FORMATF1 Senders Address

F2 Recipients Address

F3 Date

F4 SalutationF5 Title/Reference

F6 Closing and Signature

____________________________________________________________________________ __________ 31 Mac 2014

Dear Sir,________________________

I am writing to

2. .

3. .

Yours faithfully,Mimi(Mimi bt Adnan)

A LETTER OF COMPLAINTYou have noticed that there is a lot of social problems in school. There is a lack of discipline among the students.Write a letter of complaint to the Principal based on the notes you have made. Bullying Lack of care Vandalism Destroy school property Truancy Feel bored Smoking Peer pressure Fighting Influence from outsiders Drop out of school Poor academic performance

When writing the letter, you should remember to: lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing) use all the notes given

Notes:For your letter, you will receive up to 15 marks for the format and content points, and up to 20 marks for the quality of your writing

SAMPLE LETTER 1:Complete the following sample letter by filling in the blanks with suitable words.

Azlina bt. Abdullah,25, Jalan Ciku,Taman Indah,40000 Bukit Lanchang,Pulau Pinang.

En. Mazlan b. Yusof,SMK Taman Indah,40000 Bukit Lanchang 20 March 2014

Dear Sir,Social Problems in the SchoolI would like to forward a complaint regarding the social problems in our school. These problems caused by some students are disrupting the classes and students are unable to concentrate on their lessons.

2. One of the problems affecting our school is ________________________. The younger students are scared to go to the canteen because there is a group of students asking for money from them. These troubled students are from broken homes and they________________________ from their parents. Another problem is _________________________. They seem to enjoy _______________________________________ and drawing on the toilet walls.

3. The next problem is ______________________. Students, who play truant, ___________________________ studying in class and so will make noise and disturb others. When they are scolded by the teacher, they will skip the class and loiter around the school. ___________________ is also a problem in school. The boys will smoke in the toilets and behind the gardeners shed. Some of the younger students said that they got into smoking because of _________________________.

4. Besides, students from different classes are _____________________. They are fighting because they are from different groups. The ____________________________ plays an important role in instigating fights among students. Finally, these students will _________________________________________. With their bad attendance in school, they will have _____________________________________.

I hope that the school administrators will rectify these problems so that it will be a good place to study. Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

_____________________________(Azlina bt. Abdullah)

MODEL SPM QUESTIONYou have noticed that the teenagers nowadays are involved in a lot of social problems. Write a letter of complaint to the newspaper about the problems and provide suggestions to overcome the problems based on the notes you have made. Drug abuse Illegal racing Vandalism Gangterism Teenage pregnancy Juvenile delinquent

When writing the letter, you should remember to: lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing) provide suggestions on how to solve each of the problems use all the notes givenNg Su Hang,17, Jalan Bersih, Taman Indah,50000 Bandar Baru,Pulau Pinang.

The Editor,The Sunshine Post,Pulau Pinang. 15 April 2014

Dear Sir,Social Problems Among Teenagers

I would like to forward a complaint regarding the social problems faced by the teenagers nowadays. It is quite common to see teenagers hanging around the shopping mall even during school hours. This is especially true in the city.

2. There are many causes for this problem. Firstly, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Secondly, _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Moreover, ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Besides, _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other than that, ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________To make matter worse, the teenagers are becoming ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. To solve the problem, I would like to make some suggestions. We can _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________We also recommend that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Furthermore, we can also _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Last but not least, please organise _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully,

(Ng Su Hang)

THEME: FRIENDSHIP

Question 1 Directed Writing

Your sister is studying in a boarding school. She asked your advice on how to choose a good friend.

Write a letter to advise her using the notes given :

The Qualities of a Good Friend

understands you share feelings trustworthy good at keeping secrets helpful celebrate victorious moments shares sorrows remembers birthday dependable positive sincere have the same interests

When writing the letter, you should remember to :

- lay out the letter correctly ( address, greeting, closure)- use all the notes given- remember that your letter is to your sister

Note:For your letter, you will receive up to 15 marks for the format, content points, and up to 20 marks for the quality of your writing.

Exercise 1

1. Read the letter below and label its parts correctly.

Date Salutation Senders Address Complimentary Close Signature

86A, Lorong Hijau,70000 Pandan Jaya,Kuala Lumpur.

3rd May 2013

Dear Azlan,

Thank you for a wonderful stay - I really enjoyed being with you and your family and being in the village. It was so peaceful compared to the hustle and bustle of the city life here in Kuala Lumpur.This has to be a short note, as Ive just started the mid-year examination but Id love to hear news about you and the rest of the family -itll be a pleasant break from studying! When do you plan to come visit me and my family? My parents say any time after I finish my exams is okay, so Im looking forward to that!But for now, Ive got to go back to those books!

Regards, John

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the suitable linkers to complete the short passage. Use the linkers given in the box below:In conclusion First of all In additionSecondly Furthermore MoreoverNevertheless HenceThus Consequently

Qualities of a Good Friend

The definition of a friend and friendship varies with each individual. I rather have an idealistic view on the qualities of a good friend. _______________(1) , a good friend is someone who understands me , accepts me for what I am and at the same time inspires me to do the best. _________________(2), a true friend should not give up on me. __________________(3,) she should always forgive my mistakes. ________________(4), never judge by my actions but by the intention of my actions. Once, I was burdened with work and family commitments that I seek the comforting words of a friend. I am glad to have a friend who urges me to pick up the pieces and move on. _________________(5), a good friend is always there to lend a helping hand or to lend me a shoulder to cry on. _______________(6), a friend should also be trustworthy and loyal.________________(7), she would never betray my confidence towards her. _________________(8), true friendship is indeed demanding. __________________(9), I should never expect such virtues in a friend unless I am willing to offer these virtues in return. __________________(10), one must be a friend to have a friend.

Modals Modals are known as helping verbs. They are always followed by other verbs because they cannot stand on their own.

MODALSUSAGEEXAMPLES

shall/shouldTo show obligation, duty or to give suggestion

We should go to the hospital.

mustTo express obligation or necessityYou must finish the homework by tomorrow.

can/couldTo express ability to do somethingRazak could not complete the task on time.

will/wouldTo express a command that is expected to be obeyedYou will clear the table after using it.

may/mightTo show possibilityI may take part in the competition.

ought toTo show obligation or to give suggestionJack ought to go to bed early so that he will be fresh tomorrow.

need toTo express necessityI need to do more exercise.

Exercise 3

Note ExpansionExpand the notes using the modals given into correct sentences.

The Qualities of a Good Friend

Example :1. should - understand youAnswer: A good friend should be able to understand you.

2. can - share - feelings________________________________________________________________________3. must - someone - trustworthy________________________________________________________________________4. true - will - cheer up - down________________________________________________________________________5. must - good - keeping secrets________________________________________________________________________6. may -help- in studies________________________________________________________________________7. need to - find - helpful________________________________________________________________________8. should - lend a helping hand - difficulties________________________________________________________________________9. ought to - find - friend - dependable________________________________________________________________________10. friend - positive qualities -can - build - long-lasting - friendship ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4

Read the instructions in Question 1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate phrases to complete the informal letter based on the clues given below.

F = Format of the informal letterC = Contents given in Question 1L = Linkers

__________________________,(F1)____________________________________________________. _______________________(F2)

__________________________(F3), Hello there, Im really glad that you are getting used to the hostel life. Well done Sis! How are you doing? I hope that you still have your smile on since it has been almost three weeks that we left you in Nilai. Everyones fine here. Mum and Dad have just returned from a short trip to Kota Bharu where our grandparents live. Grandpa is recovering from his illness so dont worry. Sheena is studying hard for her coming exams and she has been burning the midnight oil in order to follow your footsteps. I guess you are her inspiration now. Shafiq will be starting work in Bank Putera next month. And Adi? Well, hes as mischievous as ever. As for me, nothing much, still waiting for the entrance to the university. Do wish me the best. Sis!By the way, about your request on the tips to find a good friend, Ive actually done some reflections of my school life and to fulfill your request Ill tell you the secret of finding a good friend even though sometimes it could be a little tricky. __________________(L1), a good friend should be someone who ____________________(C1) well. ________________(L2), when you are moody or sad. A good friend would be able to identify these emotions and give appropriate responses to those situations. A true friend will cheer you up when you are down. __________________(L3), you can always ________________________(C2) with someone that you trust. A _______________(C3) friend is as precious as a diamond. ____________________(L4), your good friend must be __________________________________________(C4). ____________________(L5), you need to find someone who is _______________ (C5) as your friend. She may help you in your studies especially in your weak subjects. _____________________(L6), good friends are willing to help each other to excel in studies and to be a better person. ___________________(L7), a good friend also ____________________(C6). ____________________(L8), when you score the highest in your class, she should be happy for you and celebrate your successful achievement. __________(L9), she also _____________________________ (C7) as well. She should lend a shoulder for you to cry on like the saying A friend in need is a friend indeed. Good friends should help each other when one is facing with difficulties.________________________(L10), a good friend remembers the birth date of her friends. She must wish you Happy Birthday on your birthday and vice versa. This is a sign of closeness. ____________________(L11), its not necessary for her to buy you a gift for your birthday. Its enough that she ___________________________(C8). If she holds a birthday party for you that will be a bonus! _____________________(L12), always find a friend that is _________________(C9) . If you can count on your friend in good health or in sickness consider that youre lucky. The most important quality in a good friend is to find someone who has ________________(C10) qualities like being _______________(C11) and responsible. Those are essential qualities that can build a strong and long-lasting friendship. _____________________(L13), your friendship could be better if your good friend _______________________________________(C12) as you. This will enable the two of you to communicate more effectively. ___________________(L14),you can share your views and learn more by sharing your ideas.I think Ive explained in detail on how to choose a good friend. I need to remind you that in a good friendship, a person does not only take but also give. I hope my tips will enlighten you in finding your own circle of good friends. Anyway Sis...I think you would not face any problem in finding them. Youre such a sweet person. I think you will have lots of friends.Alright Mona, I have to end the letter now. I need to help Mum with dinner. Im eager to hear the latest news from you. Do reply and say Hi to all your dorm mates. Mum, Dad and the rest of our siblings send you their warmest hugs and kisses. We really missed you a lot. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye.

_________________(F4), _________________(F5)

Exercise 5

Read the informal letter and replace the underlined words and phrases using your own words.

No. 57 Lim Khoon Huat Road, Georgetown, 10460 Penang.

1 April 2014

Dearest Mona, Hello there, Im really glad that you are getting used to the hostel life. Well done Sis! How are you doing? I hope that you still have your smile on since it has been almost three weeks that we left you in Nilai. Everyones fine here. Mum and Dad have just returned from a short trip to Kota Bharu where our grandparents live. Grandpa is recovering from his illness so dont worry. Sheena is studying hard for her coming exams and she has been burning the midnight oil in order to follow your footsteps. I guess you are her inspiration now. Shafiq will be starting work in Bank Putera next month. And Adi? Well, hes as mischievous as ever. As for me, nothing much, still waiting for the entrance to the university. Do wish me the best. Sis!By the way, about your request on the tips to find a good friend, Ive actually done some flashbacks of my school life and to grant your wish Ill tell you the secret of finding a good friend even though sometimes it could be a little tricky. First of all, a good friend should be someone who understands you well. For instance, when you are moody or sad. A good friend would be able to identify these emotions and give appropriate responses to those situations. A true friend will cheer you up when you are down. Thus, you can always share your feelings with someone that you trust. A trustworthy friend is as precious as a diamond. Hence, your good friend must be good at keeping secrets. Besides that, you need to find someone who is helpful as your friend. She may help you in your studies especially in your weak subjects. In other words, good friends are willing to help each other to excel in studies and to be a better person. Moreover, a good friend also shares your victorious moments. For example, when you score the highest in your class, she should be happy for you and celebrate your successful achievement. Nevertheless, she also shares your sorrows . She should lend a shoulder for you to cry on like the saying A friend in need is a friend indeed. Good friends should help each other when one is facing with difficulties.Next, a good friend remembers the birth date of her friends. She must wish you Happy Birthday on your birthday and vice versa. This is a sign of closeness. However, its not necessary for her to buy you a gift for your birthday. Its enough that she remembers your birthday. If she holds a birthday party for you that will be a bonus! Furthermore, always find a friend that is dependable . If you can count on your friend in good health or in sickness consider that youre lucky. The most important quality in a good friend is to find someone who has positive qualities like being sincere and responsible. Those are essential qualities that can build a strong and long-lasting friendship. In addition, your friendship could be better if your good friend shares the same interests as you. This will enable the two of you to communicate more effectively. Consequently, you can share your views and learn more by sharing your ideas.I think Ive explained in detail on how to choose a good friend. I need to remind you that in a good friendship a person does not only take but also give. I hope my tips will enlighten you in finding your own circle of good friends. Anyway Sis...I think you would not face any problem in finding them. Youre such a sweet person. I think you will have lots of friends.Alright Mona, I have to end the letter now. I need to help Mum with dinner. Im eager to hear the latest news from you. Do reply and say Hi to all your dorm mates. Mum, Dad and the rest of our siblings send you their warmest hugs and kisses. We really missed you a lot. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye.

Your loving sister, Sheila

THEME: HEALTHA TALK World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on how students can improve their health. Write your talk based on the notes below. Reduce unhealthy food intake of food high in fat sugar and salt junk food

Lead a healthy lifestyle do not smoke drugs manage stress

Exercise regularly body burns more calories 3 times a week various types of exercises

Practice a healthy diet (Give three relevant examples)When writing your talk, you should remember to: greet your audience mention the purpose of talk include all the notes given give three relevant examples for Practice a healthy diet end your talk appropriatelyTask 1: Answer the following questions based on the rubric below.World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on how students can improve their health. 1. Who are you? _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Who is your audience? / Who are you speaking to?_______________________________________________________________________3. Who asked you to speak?_______________________________________________________________________4. What must you do? _______________________________________________________________________5. What is the purpose?_______________________________________________________________________

Task 2: Based on the question on a talk, answer the following questions on the format. World Health Day is celebrated in your college every year. You are the president of the Health Society in your college. You have noticed that students in your college have unhealthy habits. You have discussed this problem with your societys advisor and have decided to give a talk to the college students on how students can improve their health.

1. Do you need to write a title?A. Yes B. No2. Choose the best greeting for this talk.A. Good morning to the principal, teachers and members of the Health Society.B. Good morning to the members of the Health Society and friendsC. Good morning to the principal, advisor and members of the Health Society.D. Good morning to the Health Society teachers and members3. The purpose of the talk is A. for World Health DayB. for the members of the Health SocietyC. on how students health is improvingD. on how students can improve their health4. Which statement could be used to end the talk?A. I am honoured to be given this opportunity to give a talk. Thank you.B. I am the President of the Health Society. Thank you.C. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank you.D. I would like share with you some of the ways how students can improve their health. Thank you.

Task 3: Complete the talk below with suitable linkers. Select the linkers from the list below.For example Other than that In addition to SecondlyApart from Besides Thirdly Moreover Firstly Finally

Good morning Madam Jeslin, our principal, advisor and members of the Health Society. I am honoured to be given the opportunity to give a talk on how students can improve their health in conjunction with World Health Day. As the President of the society, I would like share with you some of the ways how students can improve their health. (1)____________, students should avoid eating unhealthy food. You should reduce consuming food high in fat. Many students like to each fast food such as burgers, fries and fried chicken which contains a lot of fat. These types of food are not good for your health. You should also cut down sugar and salt in the food that you eat. Eating food with too much sugar can lead to illness such as diabetes and too much salt in food can result in high blood pressure and kidney problems. (2)_______________these types of unhealthy food, I know that many students love to eat junk food. (3)______________, junk food like sweets, jelly beans and chocolates contain a lot sugar. Please avoid junk food as it is bad for health(4)____________, we must lead a healthy lifestyle. Please do not smoke. Smoking will cause a lot of health problems. You must also never use drugs. Someone may ask you to try drugs just for fun or to reduce stress but once you do you will be an addict forever. So, please stay away from drugs. You must learn to manage stress. Students face stress in school and at home. (5)_____________homework and assignments, students have co-curricular activities. Some parents also pressure their children to do well in their studies. Listen to music, talk to friends or watch a movie if you feel stressed.(6)___________, exercising regularly is very important for good health. When you exercise your body will burn more calories. (7)__________________, you should exercise at least three times a week. You can do various types of exercises. For example, you can go jogging, hiking, swimming or aerobics.(8)_____________, practice a healthy diet. You should drink eights glasses of water. (9)_____________drinking enough water, you must eat more fruits and vegetables. (10)_____________, to supplement your diet, you should take vitamins for a healthy body.I would like to end my talk by reminding you that improving your health is very important for everyone including students. As the saying goes, health is wealth. In order to be successful, good health is needed. Thank you for your time. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank you.

Task 4: Read the sample essay. Copy the sentences from the sample essay for each point given in the box.Good morning Madam Jeslin, our principal, advisor and members of the Health Society. I am honoured to be given the opportunity to give a talk on how students can improve their health in conjunction with World Health Day. As the President of the society, I would like share with you some of the ways on how students can improve their health. Firstly, students should avoid eating unhealthy food. You should reduce consuming food high in fat. Many students like to each fast food such as burgers, fries and fried chicken which contains a lot of fat. These types of food are not good for your health. You should also cut down sugar and salt in the food that you eat. Eating too much food with sugar can lead to illness such as diabetes and too much salt in food can result in high blood pressure and kidney problems. In addition to these types of unhealthy food, I know that many students love to eat junk food. For example, junk food like sweets, jelly beans and chocolates contain a lot of sugar. Please avoid junk food as it is bad for health.Secondly, we must lead a healthy lifestyle. Please do not smoke. Smoking will cause a lot of health problems. You must also never use drugs. Someone may ask you to try drugs just for fun or to reduce stress but once you do, you will be an addict forever. So, please stay away from drugs. You must learn to manage stress. Students face stress in school and at home. Besides homework and assignments, students have co-curricular activities. Some parents also pressure their children to do well in their studies. Listen to music, talk to friends or watch a movie if you feel stressed.Thirdly, exercising regularly is very important for good health. When you exercise, your body will burn more calories. Exercise will prevent obesity. Other than that, you should exercise at least three times a week. You can do various types of exercises. For example, you can go jogging, hiking, swimming or aerobics. Finally, practice a healthy diet. You should drink eight glasses of water. You will not feel tired easily if your body has enough water. Apart from drinking enough water, you must eat more fruits and vegetables. You can eat both local and imported fruits. Please eat lots of leafy vegetables. Moreover, to supplement your diet you can take vitamins for a healthy body. I would like to end my talk by reminding you that improving your health is very important for everyone including students. As the saying goes, health is wealth. In order to be successful, good health is needed. Thank you for your time. I hope you will follow my suggestions to improve your health. Thank you.

PointSentence

1. Reduce unhealthy food

intake of food high in fat sugar and salt junk food

2. Lead a healthy lifestyle

do not smoke drugs manage stress

3. Exercise regularly

body burns more calories 3 times a week various types of exercises

Practice a healthy diet (Give three relevant examples)

Task 5: Based on the sample talk provide:1. examples of food with high fat. ________________________________________________________________________

2. examples for junk food._______________________________________________________________________

3. the consequence of eating too much food that contains a lot of sugar._______________________________________________________________________

4. the consequence of eating food that is high in salt._______________________________________________________________________

5. the causes that lead to stress for students._______________________________________________________________________

6. suggestions on how to reduce stress._______________________________________________________________________

7. benefits of exercising._______________________________________________________________________

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