Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Region VII, Central Visayas

Division of Lapu-Lapu City

Science and Technology Education Center

Senior High School Department

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

Home Away from Home: Struggles of Marawi Refugees

in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City

Researchers:

Reina Mariz P. Baguio

Louieme L. Bual

Heizel Mae N. Donque

Allyza Marie A. Peña

Ceilo Feth D. Salinguhay

Laurence Julien S. Sebios

Adviser:

Ms. Nympha A. Tapao

October 2017

ii

Abstract

Marawi City has been experiencing a deadly, ongoing siege since late

May which caused approximately 200,000 residents to flee the city. The

researchers decided to conduct a study that focuses providing awareness to

the public, concerning the experiential stories and struggles of the young

Marawi refugees.

The researchers conducted in-depth interviews to gather the data. Ten

(10) young Marawi refugee participants coming from the different barangays

in Lapu-Lapu City were interviewed. The inclusion criteria for the participants

are ; 1) Within the young age (13-19); 2) Currently residing in the research

environment; 3) Has been relocated from Marawi City; 4) Willing to undergo

the in-depth interview; and, 5) Living in the area for at most 4 months. The

data were analyzed and put into findings.

In conclusion, they have similar experiences during the war during the

siege. They described it as the most dreadful event of their lives considering

what they have witnessed, such as bombings and gunshots. They added that

they are still in the process of coping up from what they have experienced

during the siege through constant interaction with their family. Most of them

shared similar struggles such as difficulties in interaction with non-Muslims

and emotional distress as they reside here in Lapu-Lapu City.

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Furthermore, it is highly recommended that counselors who may handle

the refugees must consider the traumatic experiences as it is revealed that

they are still in the process of coping. Institutions are also recommended to

help them fulfill their basic needs in relocation areas. Specifically, schools must

consider the differences in language and culture of the young refugees.

iv

Acknowledgment

This research paper would not be possible without the love, support,

guidance and encouragement by the family and friends who helped us get

through this research.

First, we thank our parents for supporting us financially and emotionally.

For all the days and nights we spent for the success of our study, they were

the ones who understood and considered our situations and needs.

Second, we express our gratitude to our research adviser, Ms. Nympha

A. Tapao for the guidance, advices, patience, understanding and the

knowledge that she inculcated with us.

Third, we would like to thank the 10 participants who willingly shared

their stories with us and expressing their real thoughts and experiences, which

is the backbone of this study through meaningful interactions.

Fourth, we thank Mr. Bryant C. Acar for giving us advices during the

early stages of this study and Mr. Von Godwin C. Jequinto for sharing his ideas

and knowledge.

Fifth, we thank the STEC, Basak Barangay Hall and Pajac Barangay Hall

for allowing us to investignate and gather the necessary data for the study.

Last but most importantly, we thank the Father God Almighty for giving

us the strength to face any obstacles and giving us courage in times when we

doubt our skills and abilities. With God, nothing is impossible.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract ........................................................................................................ ii

Acknowledgment ........................................................................................... iv

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE ........................................................ 1

Rationale .................................................................................................... 1

Review of Related Literature ......................................................................... 3

THE PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 13

Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................................... 13

Significance of the Study .......................................................................................................... 14

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 16

Research Design ........................................................................................................................... 16

Research Environment ............................................................................................................... 16

Research Participants ................................................................................................................. 16

Research Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 17

Research Instruments ................................................................................................................ 18

Definition of Terms .................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER II DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ........................................... 23

CHAPTER III SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. 52

REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 55

A. Work Schedules ................................................................................ 63

B. Budget ............................................................................................ 65

C. Transmittal Letters ............................................................................ 67

D. Informed Consents ............................................................................ 71

E. Parent’s Consents ........................................................................... 101

F. Transcripts ..................................................................................... 108

G. Field Notes ..................................................................................... 126

H. Coding and Screening Table ............................................................. 131

I. Documentation .................................................................................. 135

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List of Tables

Table 1 Experiences of the Refugees During the Marawi Siege ....................................... 23

Table 2 Reasons Why Participants Relocate in Lapu-Lapu City ........................................ 32

Table 3 Struggles of the Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City .................. 37

Table 4 Coping Mechanisms of the Refugees .......................................................................... 48

1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale

Marawi City has been experiencing terroristic attacks which caused

about 90% of its total population to be evacuated to safer grounds, particularly

in the nearby Lanao del Sur municipalities including Baloi and Saguiaran and

the city of Iligan as of May 27, 2017 with the prevailing war between the

terrorist group, Maute and the AFP (Armed Forces of the Philippines (Unson,

2017). Approximately 50,000 of the total population are children who are

affected by the siege (Ronda, 2017). Aside from those staying in evacuation

centers, there are also Marawi refugees staying at the homes of their relatives

in nearby towns or in distant areas of different regions including the Cebu

Province (Bolivar, 2017).

Marawi City, the capital city of the Lanao Del Sur Province and a largely

Muslim city with a population of over 200,000, has been the battleground of

the armed conflict that began on the 23rd of May 2017 between Philippine

government security forces and the affiliated militants of the Maute and Abu

Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups (Matsuzawa, 2017).

The siege caused numerous deadly incidents including fire breakouts

and the holding out of public and private structures, sometimes holding

civilians and government employees as hostages. These attacks resulted to

2

the declaration of Martial Law in the whole of Mindanao and the launching of

surgical air strikes by the military troops. (Maute to raise ISIS flag,2017)

Evacuees who left their home for safety are now facing another obstacle

– survival in different environments. Those who are in unsanitary and crowded

evacuation centers suffer various cases of diseases, such as diarrhea, fever,

and colds due to unstable weather conditions, the lack of potable drinking

water, and the shortage of nutritious food (Bolivar, 2017). Others who seek a

safer shelter are challenged with the difficulty of finding a welcoming place to

stay. Reports say that Marawi refugees are being denied accommodation in

nearby provinces just because they came from the conflict zone (Adiong,

2017).

This study focuses on providing awareness to the public concerning the

experiences of the Marawi refugees. This would provide a background on the

struggles and experiences of the young refugees in their new environment to

help sectors provide the appropriate assistance needed.

The researchers are interested specifically in identifying the experiential

stories, coping mechanisms, and the struggles teenage Marawi refugees given

that they are new to their environment.

3

Review of Related Literature

The following studies, articles and researches’ main purpose is to further

support the study conducted by the researchers. It is to aid and deepen the

knowledge on the research about the effects of the Marawi siege to the victims

of war holistically.

Background. The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) terrorist group

started in the early 2000’s. It was established by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. He

supported and became the founder of the militant organization. Osama bin

Laden, the leader of Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), helped al-Zarqawi financially. The

funding of bin Laden for the training camp of Zarqawi caused the rapid growth

of the affiliation. They cause a lot of chaos, especially to their main targets.

However, their leaders are not consistent and the name ISIS is not yet

introduced until the bestowal of power came to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Baghdadi brought the group to Syria and continued its expansion by merging

the AQI and his Group, but the leaders of both sides have conflicts resulting

for AQI to renounce any connection with ISIS. This group caused a lot of

attacks as of March 2016, 22 attacks were confirmed. This organization is still

growing and active (The Islamic state, n.d.).

Furthermore with the Marawi siege, Abu Sayyaf, the Southeast Asian

branch of ISIS was ambushed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

nearly capturing their leader. Additionally, Abu Sayyaf called for immediate

4

assistance from the Maute Brothers with the Maute Group to serve as

reinforcement, hence, attacking Marawi and rampaging its lands.

Government Responses. The disputes made the residents of the

affected area nervous and afraid. The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi-

sided conflicting Syria fought primarily between the government of President

Bashar al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing the

government (Akash, 2013).Australia offered moral support for a military strike

in Syria. As stated by Patrick Low, Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr’s

spokesman, the U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called and mentioned that

Australia supports the U.S. in taking action towards the Syrian crisis. He also

said that Kerry did not ask for any military assistance and Australia did not

offer it. Tony Abbott, the Australian opposition leader defended his

controversial comments on the Syrian civil war (International Responses to

Syrian Crisis, 2013).

The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed battle fought on the island of Sri

Lanka. The war started on 23 July 1983, when there was an irregular

insurgency against the government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

The war brought significant hardships for the people, environment and

especially the economy of the country, which killed 80,000 to 100,000 people.

In response to the Sri Lankan war, the government itself has reassured the

public that it will not collaborate with the international investigation and will

5

deny visas to members of the investigative team seeking to enter Sri Lanka.

The government members also warned the people of Sri Lanka that they will

be regarded as traitors if they provide information to the UN investigation.

The government would also take appropriate action to those traitors based on

the evidences they have given to the UN investigation (Doucet, 2015).

The civil rights of citizens and non-citizens in the United States have

been neglected due to a number of measures the government instituted since

11 September 2001. In addition to what he said, these have been considered

as acts which will protect Americans, even if they commit some breach of basic

and/or civil rights. In response to the 9/11 attacks, the US government has

arrested about 1,200 non-US citizens in connection with the investigation.

Most of them are from the North Africa, South Asia, and Middle East. (Wealth,

2001) A number of these people were arrested during random meetings with

law enforcement officials or the suspicions of neighbors based on their identity

as Muslims, Arabs or South Asians (Shawwal, 2001).

In response to the traumas experienced by Marawi refugees due to the

siege, the Philippine Department of Education instructed its personnel to

undergo training to provide the appropriate psychosocial assistance towards

the teacher and student refugees in evacuation centers (Mateo, 2017).

6

Economic Impact of the Terroristic Wars. The war in Mindanao is

one of the oldest wars that has persisted in the world, just after the conflict

between North and South Sudan, with diverse groups and factions, like the

religion-oriented Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), the nationalistic-

oriented Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), the smaller and criminal

terrorist groups Abu Sayyaf and Indonesia-based Jemaah Islamiyah. Most of

the conflict stems from religious differences, interest in land and other natural

resources, and identity issues with the Moro community. The costs of the

conflict have been significant; especially during major conflict periods of 1975-

82 and 1997-2002 were in the range of $2-3 billion. These are estimates due

to the limits of the methodology and availability of data.These are estimates

due to the limits of the methodology and availability of data. Interests in

investments have wavered because of the conflict, international banks stated

that the ongoing conflict in the island has negatively affected the image of

Mindanao as an investor-friendly island. Agriculture is likewise affecting the

economic status of the island of Mindanao. With the consideration of the lack

of investments and adverse effects on agriculture, the estimated economic

cost raises to $10 billion (Schiavo-Campo, S., & Judd, M., 2005).

The war affected the investment in Mindanao, as local investments

declined by 62%, foreign equity by 79% and project cost investments

decreased by 69% compared to the overall investment decrease of 59% of

the Philippines. In one incident that occurred in General Santos City, the tuna

7

industry lost an estimated 1 billion due to a hostage taking and road blockade

by the MILF on May 3, 2000. The Tourism and hotel industry was greatly

affected, conventions that were scheduled to take place in Davao City were

cancelled when the war broke out. The 10% reduction in jobs from 241,000

to 216,000 further amplified the effects of the decrease in investment

(Concepciòn, 2003).

Social Struggles. Social isolation is an issue that many refugees

commonly face. He added that there are primarily three layers of isolation that

refugees encounter. The first layer of isolation is isolation from the refugee’s

homeland. Due to the crisis that the refugees experience they are forced to

leave their homeland. In doing so, they leave everything in their culture

behind.

The second layer of isolation is the act of ethnocentrism of the host

culture towards the refugees’ culture. Syrian refugees experienced

discrimination and inferior by some Lebanese citizens. Syrian refugee children

even experienced being avoided by some Lebanese citizens.

The third layer of isolation is isolation among refugees themselves. A

large number of Syrian refugees only interact with their family and they don’t

socialize among other Syrian refugees anymore. Syrian refugees are so

uneasy with their new environment and they tend to be so fearful with the

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consequences that may happen if they interact with other people outside their

paradigm (Bartel, 2014).

The common social struggles that refugees face in their new location

include being paranoid on food poisoning, on being stalked or on being the

topic of gossips. Refugees are also prone to depression. Forms of depression

include planning suicide or having suicidal thoughts, outburst of anger,

anxieties, confusion, grief, pity, despair, restlessness, and psychosomatic

symptoms, nostalgic reactions involving homesickness and thoughts about

the past, criticism of the new land and regressive behavior are the paranoia

commonly experienced by war refugees (Zwingmann, 1978).

The adjustment process for the refugees is lessened by the ethnic

community. It provides a chain of relationships and a group identity, and the

possibility of social and personality disorganization

is lessened. While continuously understanding their situation, it allows the

refugee to function (Pfister-Ammende 1960), (Gordon,1964) and (Rogg,

1974).The ethnic group may be seen as dysfunctional, in a society that prizes

the conformity model, as a hindrance that keeps the refugee in a uncertain

position-midway to nowhere between the new society the lost homeland (Ex,

1966). The refugees’ personality and stability when he is placed in a new

environment is tested, in which lost friends, family, food, values are its main

elements. The loss of all that is important to a refugee may be a threat to his

or her identity, and can lead to the mourning, despair, grief, and nostalgia the

9

refugee feels for his or her loss. Those refugees who did not think about,

or prepare for the crisis, were caught up in panic and hysteria, and are

mostly affected by culture shock (Garza-Guerrero, 1974).

Psychological Effects of Terroristic Crises towards Refugees.

Given that the complex situations of adjustments and the psychological

difficulties that may arise due to relocation, understanding the appropriate

clinical care for refugees is essential. Most mental health studies on refugees

are focused on Eastern European, Southeast Asian, and Central American

refugee population.

Refugees experience psychological resettlement challenges which

include little choice and control over their own fate and their experiences with

culture shock, homesickness, depression, distress, stress-related illnesses,

posttraumatic stress disorder, exit and post-entry trauma, and acculturation

stress (Phan et. al, 2005). The refugees’ harsh resettlement experiences were

also described in these studies. Such experiences include starvation, death of

family members due to exhaustion, contamination of water supply, the lack

of hygiene that resulted to acute gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract

infection, diarrhea and skin diseases (Hernandez, 2017), and their various

emotional and psychological responses to these struggles. Some of the

psychological disorders experienced by refugees have also been attributed to

10

environmental factors such as adjustment to a new culture (Porter & Haslam,

2005).

The introduction of refugees to the new culture of the locals of the

relocation areas serves as a challenge in adjusting to the new culture.

Acculturation, which is an important aspect of the experiences of the refugees,

entails by either assimilating or integrating into the new society. Assimilation

refers to the adaption of the refugees to the second culture and disregarding

the original. On the other hand, integration is the adaption of the refugees to

the second culture while still retaining the original culture, thus developing

mutually positive attitudes in multicultural aspects (Wang & Freeland, 2004).

Increased health risk behaviors, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use

have been found to be associated with increased assimilation. New immigrants

were found to be at high risk of anxiety and depression (Wang & Freeland,

2004) and often are affiliated with factors such as discrimination,

unemployment, and daily adjustment challenges (Beiser et al, 2002; Pernice&

Brooke, 1996). Newcomers find themselves under a great deal of stress,

overwhelmed with daily challenges, poverty and discrimination (Jasinskaj-

Lahti &Liebkind, 2001).

New immigrants may undergo through a euphoric phase due to their

evasion from the risk of dangers from war or natural hazards before facing

the different challenges in their relocation areas (Leherher, 1993). Other

11

immigrants were found to have faced high mental health risk immediately

after resettlement which includes post-traumatic stress disorder (Tyhurst,

1982). However, the effects of these psychological struggles may last long,

refugees remain at a high risk of paranoid disorders for many years after

resettlement, because of social and linguistic isolation.

Displacement of refugees especially those not expecting the turmoil

cause multiple levels of psychological and emotional struggles. Being

enlightened upon the long-term effects of these experiences on the mental

health of the refugees is essential (Hitch and Rack, 1980).

Relocation and Socioeconomic Challenges. Economic hardship is

one of the major challenges a refugee may face in the relocation site. Many

refugees require health care needs, however, these are hardly funded due to

lack of financial resources. This lack of finance means the easy exposure to

environmental stressors, including insufficient lodging and economic

insecurities. Furthermore, refugees are often limited to unskilled employment,

which is low paying and is often a hindrance to obtaining work with high

occupational status and wages. This can be attributed to low proficiency in the

language or dialect used by the natives of the relocation sites, and education

levels (Ranji, Wyn, Salganicoff, & Yu, 2007) & (Connor, 2010).

As a conclusion, these studies give the research credibility and

versatility to the topic. These claims support the study of the researchers and

12

give them different point of views about the topic. Furthermore, with the

related literature, it would fairly help in concluding the study and may it stand

as another medium for future researches.

Impacts of Terroristic Conflicts towards Young Refugees.

Children who are exposed to terroristic activities that may cause enduring

impacts of PTSD. Severe losses and injuries may lead to high possibilities of

depression and anxiety in affected children. Furthermore, these young war-

affected refugees may lose confidence and self-trust. Therefore, it is important

to understand practical and ethical aspects of the youth’s exposure towards

violence to advocate those affected by trauma in low- and middle-income

countries (Santa Barbara, 2006).

Moreover, youth who are exposed to terrorism at an early age are often

reported as brutalized. As victims of war, they are often seen by many to be

vengeful because of their traumatization that may promote new cycles of

violence. This leads to a conclusion that trauma may not be healed over time.

Thus, treatment and programs must be administered to children to induce

coping mechanisms towards the traumatic experiences (Alayarian, 2009).

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THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the lived experiences and the struggles of

young Marawi refugees who were relocated in Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu by

gathering information from the affected individuals.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following subsidiary

problems:

1. What are the experiential stories of the refugees during the Marawi

siege?

2. What are the reasons of the Marawi refugees why they chose to relocate

in Lapu-Lapu City?

3. What are the struggles of the Marawi refugees in the relocation areas?

4. What are the commonly used coping mechanisms of Marawi refugees?

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Significance of the Study

Marawi Refugees. They are the main beneficiaries of this study. This

study aims to understand the effects of the Marawi crisis to them and to know

their struggles during relocations. Thus, this provides information that would

help volunteers and sectors know the appropriate treatment and help they

require.

Schools. The traumatic effects of war, violence, torture, or crime may

have profound effects on children, youth and their families. Although the role

of an educator is not to provide therapy, schools staff may have to deal with

the behaviors associated with trauma.

Mental Health Professionals. It provides them a background about

the experiences during the crisis, after the crisis, and during the evacuation

that might have affected the refugees psychologically. This study can also be

used by them in conducting investigations or researches related to this topic

in the near future.

Government Organizations. This study provides information to the

sectors of the government as to what actions do they need to do to alleviate

the sufferings of the refugees. This research aims to broaden the perspective

of the government to the situation of the refugees in their relocation areas.

Non-Government Organizations (NGO). This study provides Non-

Government Organizations the information for the analysis of the current

15

situation of the refugees. Through the analysis, the NGO can evaluate the

different needs of the refugees and the appropriate help that the volunteers

and other major beneficiaries can send to them. The outcome of the evaluation

will be vital in giving social workers the awareness of the direct needs of the

refugees and on how can they interact with the refugees knowing the

psychological traumas that they may be facing.

Volunteers. This study aims to promote volunteerism in our society.

Through this study, the society will have deeper understanding to the lives of

the refugees in the relocation areas and the psychological consequences that

they are facing. Knowing the difficulties that the refugees are experiencing,

this study aims to hone volunteers in our society with the complete willingness

to help.

Community. This study can be used to promote unity in the community

as the struggles due to differences in culture and religion are revealed. This

will also help the non-Muslim and the non-refugee individuals to be open-

minded about the situations of the participants of the study.

Future Researchers. This study can be used in future studies. This

study provides information on psychological effects of the crisis to the

refugees and the struggles that they have to face during relocation.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used a phenomenological research design that probed the

lived experiences of young Marawi refugees in Lapu-Lapu City in the aspect of

their experiences, coping mechanisms, and struggles. A phenomenological

research is defined as the inquiry into the lived experiences of people and

believes that this is true, and descriptive phenomenology was utilized in this

study. Furthermore, this study was anchored on the qualitative approach,

wherein it obtained specific information about the research respondents

through their opinions, beliefs, values, behaviors, and what social context

adheres to them. This was gathered through in-depth interviews with a

questionnaire guide to the research respondents.

Research Environment

Data-gathering procedures were conducted in Barangay Pajac,

Barangay Pajo and Barangay Basak in Lapu-Lapu City. According to the

Division of the Welfare of the Urban Poor (DWUP) and Muslim Affairs

Commission, the mentioned barangays have been relocation areas for the

refugees of the Marawi siege. Data gatherings took place at the residence or

at the preferred location of the respondents.

Research Participants

Participants for the study include the Marawi refugees in Lapu-Lapu City.

The researchers utilized purposive or judgmental sampling. 10 participants

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were selected using the following inclusion criteria: 1) 13 to 19 years old; 2)

Student in Marawi City before relocation 3) Currently residing in the research

environment; 4) Has been relocated from Marawi City due to the siege; 5)

Living in the relocated area for at most 4 months; and 6) Expresses consent

to undergo the in-depth interview.

Research Procedure

The researchers formulated the research design and tools appropriate

for the study in preparation for the research proposal. After the approval of

the research proposal, the following data-gathering procedure were

conducted: 1) Revising the research papers and letters; 2) Signing of

transmittal letter by the school principal; 3) Asking consent and approval from

the barangays for data-gathering; 4) Orienting and Making arrangements with

the key informants; 5) Conducting in-depth interviews for data-gathering; 6)

Transcription and Coding of data; and 6) Formulation of the Summary of

Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations.

In the data-gathering procedure, researcher-made questionnaire were

administered through individual in-depth interviews. Data that were gathered

were transcribed, coded, and analyzed.

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Research Instruments

The researchers used in-depth interviews to gather the appropriate data

needed for the study. Open-ended questions were provided to accommodate

free-formatted views related to the study. In this style, the instrument was

utilized to get valid responses of the participants for the study. It also

presented the transmittal letters; parental consent for the researchers; the

Informed Consent for the participants; and the school principal’s consent.

19

Definition of Terms

Coping Mechanisms are the strategies that are often used to respond to

stress and/or trauma to help manage difficult and painful emotions.

Cultural Barrier is the difficulty of the refugees in socializing with the local

of Lapu-lapu City due to the varied culture of the refugees’ homeland and the

relocation area, specifically with their religious beliefs.

Devotional Prayers are characterized by religious practices that include

praying to strengthen faith and to cope with the spiritual and psychological

struggles that the refugees may be currently facing.

Discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of different categories of people

directed towards the refugees due to differences in race, gender, beliefs and

religion that can be verbal or physical.

Distress is defined as the pain or struggle experienced by the participants of

the study that is caused by their experiences in Marawi or relocation in Lapu-

Lapu City.

Emotional Distress is the struggle faced by the refugees defined as the effect

of the traumatic experiences during the siege that is characterized by fear,

anxiety, and a sense of helplessness among others.

20

Experiential Distress is the struggle of the refugees that is due to their

experiences during the Marawi siege that is caused physical discomfort and

hardships.

Financial Problems is defined as the insufficiency of funds to support the

basic needs of the refugees’ family.

Language Barrier is characterized as the refugees’ difficulty in

communicating and interacting due to differences in language and

unfamiliarity of the local language spoken in Lapu-Lapu City.

Lived experiences are the first-hand accounts and impressions of the

refugees who experienced the siege in Marawi.

Marawi siege is the ongoing armed conflict in Marawi, Lanao Del Sur between

Philippine government security forces and the Maute Group. This caused the

relocation of about 90% of the population of Marawi City.

Mental Health Professionals are the health care practitioners or community

services providers who offer services for the purpose of improving an

individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.

Personal Distress is defined as the anxiety of the refugees that resulted from

being away from their family and another personal matters.

21

Physical Environment is characterized as their difficulties in adjusting to

their new physical environment such as the climate, weather, and their

household.

Redo are the attacks due to conflicts or misunderstandings between families.

Refugees are the people from Marawi who have been forced to flee the city

and settle in another place in order to be safe from the ongoing war.

Relocation Areas are the new location where the refugees choose to resettle

in for security.

Relocation is the process of vacating a fixed residence and settling in a

different one.

Security Threats are the dangers experienced by the refugees in Marawi

during the siege that threatens their security and safety.

Socialization is the act of interaction with nearby social groups that is

affected by language, thoughts, and feelings that may be a mechanism to

relieve stress and trauma. Furthermore, this may also cause difficulties among

interacting people of different cultures and languages.

22

Socioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or

group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and

occupation.

Struggles are the challenges that the Marawi refugees who experienced

security threats faced in relocation areas

Terrorism is the commitment of criminal acts with the intention to cause

death, injuries, and loss of lives and properties with the purpose to provoke a

state of terror in the general public.

Torrel is a Muslim school for studying the Arabic language. This also offers

male students to reside in a dormitory near the school to focus on their studies.

23

CHAPTER II

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

Table 1

Experiences of the Refugees During the Marawi Siege

Major Themes Subthemes Key Informant

Security Threats

Terroristic attacks Finn

Gunshots Candice

Maute in the neighborhood

Dipper

Attacks by Militants Cindy

Terroristic attacks Jake

Experiential Distress

Painful Finn

Insufficient supply Phineas

Killings Dipper

Uncomfortable trip Gwen

Emotional Distress

Scared Phineas

Fear Dipper

Painful Cindy

Overwhelmed Eustace

Trauma Gwen

Nervousness Jimmy

Nine out of 10 participants were asked about their experiences during

the Marawi siege. Three (3) themes emerged they are: (1) Security Threats;

(2) Experiential Distress; and (3) Emotional Distress.

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Security Threats

After the breakout of war in Marawi, the refugees’ security were

threatened by the Militants that made most of them feel frightened. Their

houses and other properties are bombed by the Mautes that it made huge

impact on them because it decreases their assurance to their safety and

security.

The participants described terrorism as an attack of terror done by the

Maute Group back in Marawi. They said that the siege was a massive

destruction to the residents of Marawi and that the militants’ rampage did not

consider the citizens’ backgrounds to be on its victims. According to the data

gathered, the breakout of war in Marawi literally changes the lives of its

victims. From their livelihoods to their education, everything changed and it

is slowly deteriorating.

As described by most participants, terrorism in Marawi was so sudden

that they were greatly shocked and traumatized. The attack was described by

Finn, who was at the Mindanao State University (MSU) at the time of the

attack, as a planned and coordinated one because most of the military routes

were blocked by the militants, he elaborated it in his answer:

“Murag plano kaayo ang ilang pag attack kay tanang agianan sa sundalo

Kay kanang gi alihan sa mga ISIS ba gikuan gud gi planuhan. Daghan

pud kayo og bomba og putukan ba.”

25

(There attack was so planned, all the possible roads that the military

will take were blocked, and they were plenty of bombs and shooting.)

Furthermore, for Candice, a female student at the MSU, she thought

that the attack was only to last for approximately three days but so much for

anticipation, it lasted for a few months and is still on the count; this was her

response:

“…mag stay lang kami sa bahay kasi akala nila three days lang

matatapos na ang gyera di nila alam two months pala...”

(…stay at home because he thought that the siege will only last for two

days but little did they know that it will take two months…)

Cindy, a 15-year old female Muslim who lost her grandmother due to

the anxiety caused by the attack and Jake, a 13-year old male Muslim, who

left Marawi for Cebu to study, described event as full of gunshots and

bombings and made that point as their cue to evacuate Marawi immediately.

Moreover, Cindy stated that:

“Lumakas na iyong ano mga barilan doon na kami nakadesisyon na

lumikas.”

(That was it but when the shootings and bombings were becoming

louder, we decided to evacuate the place.)

26

As a conclusion, one can say that the experiences felt by the refugees

made such effect on them. Their properties are threatened by the siege

that it made them anxious about their tomorrow. They feel that the

aftermath of the war would actually be a huge damage to their lives because

their safety to living in peace is already at jeopardy because of the recent

attack.

Experiential Distress

From the experiences of the participants, they stated that they felt

such experiential distress from their homes to the evacuation areas. The

distresses they have experienced were because of both during the attack

and when they were on their way to the evacuation and relocation areas.

From the collected data, a great amount of participant described their

experiences as a traumatic and sad one. They define their experiences during

the war as a miserable experience because they were challenges and

traumatic events during the war. Moreover, they added that when they are on

the verge of evacuating, they also experienced hassles that led them to having

distress.

To give additional explanation, experiential distress is defined as a

particular instance of personally encountering or undergoing afflictive and

traumatic events. It involves experiencing or witnessing actual or threatened

death, and serious injury (Hayes et. al, 1996).

27

One example is Finn, a student from MSU who quickly evacuated when

the siege emerged, he stated that he saw a many people in the university

pulling their selves out of Marawi in ways that they can, and he elaborated it

in his following statements:

“Sa ang uban kanang naay nanglakaw ra…uban kay nagsakay og jeep

nga naa sa taklob ba…Naa pud kay makit-an nga naglakaw nga naay

mga anak nga gialsa kanang murag sako sa bugas ba.”

(... Some were walking, riding on the jeep's roof just to get rid of the

siege. I have also seen someone walking while carrying his children like

a sack of rice.)

Another participant named Phineas, an 18-year old student who was

trapped in their house for five (5) days after the war broke out. He explained

his experience in the lack of food supply when they were trapped in their

house because they were afraid to go outside their premises because gunshots

are still exchanged. This was his response when he was asked:

“Mga limang araw kami dun Nung nagbabakbakan nasa bahay lang kami

limang araw kami dun walang pagkain walang tubig walang pera walang.

low bat lahat ng cellphone.”

(We were stuck for five days there. No food, no water, and no money...

All cellphone are off, no batteries.)

28

Dipper, is a 16-year-old male Muslim refugee, also shared his

experience when he saw a man shot by an ISIS member. When he witnessed

the dreadful event, he abruptly lost his right-mind and just ran for his life out

of danger. He stated it in details in the following statement of his:

“…katabi naming ospital, may namatay doon dahil binaril ng ISIS sa

labas na bahagi. Nakita ko ‘yon nung binaril kaya tumakbo ako at

magulo ang aking isip“

(...just like in the hospital which is just beside us, there was one who

died there because he was shot by the ISIS at the outside area. I saw

him when he was shot so I ran and I was confused)

Another participant, Gwen, who is a 19-year-old female Muslim also

imparted her experience during her escape from the war. She explained that

their evacuation from Marawi to Iligan took them for about five to six hours

rather than the usual one-hour trip. She also added that within their long

travel, there were a lot of checkpoints and questioning from the army. When

asked about it, she answered:

“…nahirapan kami kasi Marawi to Iligan one hour lang yun then …instead

na one hour naging five to six hours... nakakita kami ng mga sundalo

pinapahinto kami tinatanong kami san kami pupunta... maraming

checkpoint."

29

(... We had a hard time because traveling from Marawi to Iligan is only

about an hour but because of the siege it took us five to six hours...

there are a lot of checkpoints.)

As a whole, the anguish they felt was of the aftereffects of the siege.

They said that they were a lot of struggles from that time because some

were trapped on their houses. Some also emphasized that they experienced

such long travel period to the evacuation areas in Iligan because there were

a lot of checkpoints and inspections. On the other hand, some also said that

it became a traumatic situation for them because they had actually

experienced seeing other person being shot by the militants.

Emotional Distress

The experiences of the refugees also gave them such distress

emotionally. Their experiences are huge factors because it could lead unto

greater conditions. Here, one can say if most participants are showing signs

of trauma or other related conditions from their previous experiences

From the data gathered, one can say that the war could have a

psychological effect on the refugees. They stated that they feel that they were

actually traumatized after the siege. Some even said that they experience

recurring nightmares often about the destruction and devastation of militants

in their homeland.

30

In the study conducted by Chiumento (2017), she explained that

majority of those who have been displaced have experienced war, possibly

experienced grief and the loss of a homeland and livelihood. Emotional

distress resulting from reactions such as fear, anxiety and a sense of

helplessness are expected to be more common in people living in settings that

produce such chronic fear and worry.

Additionally, emotional distress is defined by most participants as a

traumatic and frightening event that they have yet experienced so far. Many

participants have similar answers, according to Finn, Dipper, Cindy, Eustace,

Gwen and Jimmy, it was a very fearsome moment of their lives, and they

heard many gunshots and explosions. They also added that they were also

afraid that the militants will raid them inside their house and would either kill

them or make them as human shields against the army. An example

statement is what Gwen elaborated, saying:

“...bigla kaming nakarinig ng putukan then yun tumakbo na kami

naghahanap na kami ng matatagpuan... parang nagkaka phobia narin

kami na baka may Maute...”

(... We heard gunshots so we also run...it’s like we are having phobias

about the Maute group...)

In conclusion, most participants felt very anxious at the time of war.

They said that they were in the state of trauma because of the things that

31

they saw during the siege like dead people and innards. Lastly, one can

hypothesize that these participants are in trauma and that they could be

subjected to similar traumatic disorders that could affect them in their

future.

32

Table 2

Reasons Why Participants Relocate in Lapu-Lapu City

Major Themes Subthemes Key Informant

Comfortable

Environment

Easier to settle than in

evacuation areas Finn

Family Relations

Relatives live here

Phineas

Cindy

To be with family Jake

Education Taking up torrel Eustace

Safety

Secure house Gwen

Peaceful and away

from danger Jimmy

Six (6) out of ten (10) participants answered when asked about their

reasons why they chose to relocate in Lapu-Lapu City. Four (4) major themes

emerged; they are: 1) Comfortable Environment; 2) Family Relations; 3)

Education; and 4) Safety.

33

Comfortable Environment

From the relocation of the participants, they stated that they chose to

be relocated here in Lapu-Lapu City because it is better here rather than back

in the relocation areas in Iligan City near Marawi.

To Phineas, it is an uncomfortable environment back in the evacuation

areas, and that is why, they chose to be here in Cebu. He also added that one

of the reasons he evacuated here is because his close relatives are here and

she wants to be with them here too. He elaborated:

“Mahirap din kasing tumira sa ibang evacuation area …tapos dito ok dito

dahil may relatives ako dito”

(It’s hard living in another evacuation area… Then, it’s okay here

because I have relatives here.)

From the responses tallied, most refugees said that the environment

here in the relocation is quite good. They highlighted that it is good because

there are Muslim communities here and most of their families and relatives

are actually been living here for quite some time now.

34

Family Relations

In the relocation areas, most refugees are staying with their families

and other close relatives. Here, one can see why most refugees chose to be

relocated here and the reasons behind it.

It is justified in Cindy’s answer saying:

“Kasi naisip naming na may mga relatives kami ditto”

(Because we thought about our relatives [living here].)

For most participants, they chose to be relocated here in Cebu because

they have relatives here. According to Cindy, Jake and Phineas, they chose to

be here in Cebu because their relatives or families have already been staying

here in Cebu for some time for now. They said that it is also because their

families are pretty stable her so that is why they take a refuge here.

Education

Even though the war has stopped the education system in the entirety

of Marawi, most of the refugees still continues to pursue their studies here in

Lapu-Lapu City at the same time taking refuge here where it is safe and sound.

For Eustace, he chose to be relocated here in Cebu because he is

enrolled in the Muslim torrel in Pajac. He said that he wants to continue his

studies here and the torrel is a great opportunity for him to actually learn the

Qur’an and Arabic. He said that:

35

“Uh, kasi nagtorrel ako dito. Nag-aral ako ng torrel dito.”

(Uh, its’ because I’m taking up torrel. I’m studying torrel here.)

The top reason why the refugees chose Cebu is because there is a

Muslim torrel here. In this torrel, they are taught Arabic and the Islam bible,

Qur’an. One of them stated that because of his schooling, it influenced his

decision to be here in Cebu.

Safety

To be safe is the most valuable reason after the bloom of war in Marawi.

After the dreadful incident, many wanted to seek refuge and prioritize the

safety of their families first.

Gwen, a 19 –year old female Muslim said that going to Cebu is made

her feel safety and security. She said that:

“Kasi napagdesisyunan ng tito, yung may-aring bahay na ito na dalhin

kami dito para masigurado yung safety naming.”

(It’s because my uncle, the owner of this house, who decided to bring

us here to ensure our safety.)

Jimmy also stated that for him, Cebu is a peaceful place for him. It is

like a safe haven for him because he considers life in Cebu easy. This was his

statement:

“Dahil madali lang ang buhay dito. Walang gulo.”

36

(Because our life is easier here. No danger.)

Safety is the most priority objective of most participant of why did they

relocate here in Cebu. They said that they feel safe if they are here in Cebu

because they are actually with their families and other close relatives.

37

Table 3

Struggles of the Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City

Major Themes Subthemes Key Informant

Language Barrier

Dialect fluency Candice

Dialect difficulties Phineas

Language barrier Eustace

Dialect barrier Jimmy

Socialization

Discrimination Finn

Limited actions Dipper

Limited interaction Gwen

Financial Problems Financial difficulties Phineas

Cultural Barrier

Culture Finn

Religious discrimination

Cindy

Religious discrimination

Gwen

Religious barrier Jimmy

Personal Distress Responsibility Dipper

Decision-making Eustace

Emotional Distress Trauma Dipper

Physical Environment

Separation Cindy

Uncomfortable environment

Eustace

Separation Jimmy

Eight (8) out of ten (10) participants responded when asked about their

struggles in relocation areas in Lapu-Lapu City. Seven (7) major themes

38

emerged they are: 1) Communication Barrier; 2) Socialization; 3) Financial

Problems; 4) Cultural Barrier; 5) Personal Distress; 6) Emotional Distress; and

7) Physical Environment.

Language Barrier

Language has known to be an essential tool to effectively communicate

with people. However, the unfamiliarity of a language could be a struggle to

be faced by the participants. Since most of them speaks in Maranao, only few

of them knows how to speak Bisaya or Cebuano which bears to be a new

struggle for the refugees.

To most participants, communication barrier is prevailing factor with

their struggles in the relocation areas. As stated by Candice, an 18-year old

female student who came here to work in Cebu, ineloquence in speaking

Bisaya partly deprived her from finding a job here in Cebu. This was her

statement:

“Mahirap maghanap ng work lalo na pag di ka marunong sa language

nila...mahirap magkaintindihan."

(It’s hard to look for a job especially if you don’t know their language…

it’s hard to communicate.)

On the other hand, for Phineas, an 18-year old male student at

Sudtunggan Night High School and Jimmy, a 13 year old male student at Pajo

Elementary School, they both stated that it affects their studies in ways. They

39

elaborated that sometimes their teachers speak Cebuano that they cannot

comprehend what he/she is trying to imply to them. They said that there is

also a communication barrier with their classmates because most of them

speak in Cebuano and they only speak in Maranao and a little bit of Filipino.

Here is a statement of Jimmy:

“Mahirap intindihin yung guro.Palagi akong nalulungkot… walang

kaibigan. Naakpektohan yung pag-aaral ko...Sa school, yung iba

tumatawa, di ko alam kung bakit.”

(… I don’t have friends. My studies were affected... When I first arrive

in school some were laughing… I don’t know why.)

Lastly, the data shows that many participants feel that language hinders

them in some ways here in Cebu City. Because of the fact that most Bisaya

speaks in Cebuano, most of the refugees feel that they cannot really do so

much here because most of them speaks in Maranao. However, to most

participants, they can speak Filipino but unfortunately some; they are having

a hard time communicating with it.

Socialization

Socialization is the full extent of interaction of the refugees on the

relocation areas towards their neighbors and other people near their abode.

Since there is already a language barrier between the natives and the

40

Marawi refugees, there is a possible chance that their socialization extent

will also be low.

For Finn, he experienced a struggle when his classmate made an

offensive joke towards his religion, he was offended with the joke but chose

to be open-minded and he just shrugged it off. He elaborated it when he said

that:

“Niya naa koy kuan kanang classmate. Kanang nag joke joke ba niya

nasobraan ang iyang joke. Ni-anasiya nga ako daw kay kuan mamaligya

daw koog baboy unya murag na offend ko. Ako murag ako nalang tong

gikuan ba gi ignore.”

(My classmate's joke went too far, he was saying that I sell pork and I

was offended. But in the end I just ignore it.)

For Gwen, on the other hand, an 18 year old female Muslim, she stated

that it is hard to actually socialize in her community because she does not

know a lot of people in her neighborhood. She also articulated that she does

not really go out of their house so, for her, it could be one of the reasons why

she struggles to socialize in her environment. She elaborated when she said

that:

“Ngayon di ka na masyadong makalabas kasi wala kang masyadong

kaibigan dito."

41

(Now I don’t go outside more often because I don't really have a lot of

friends to go with me.)

For the refugees, they define socialization as one of their struggles. Most

of them emphasized that the barrier on their language affected their social life

here in the relocation area. Because they do not speak on the same dialect,

they just prefer not to talk at all to their neighbors and the people near them.

However, to some participants, they cannot really socialize because they are

prohibited to go out by the institution they are currently staying in currently

and because of this they do not really have the opportunity to actually socialize

to their neighbors and to other people.

Financial problems

Because of the livelihood abandoned by many evacuees, it is inevitable

for them to experience financial problems at times like this. The war affected

their source of income that now they can say that they are struggling

financially.

Phineas, a student back in Marawi who has a huge family business back

there stated that he is experiencing financial problems at the moment because

they actually had a huge business back there. However, when the siege

surfaced, their business was forced to be closed and they were forced to leave

it there because they need to take refuge here in Cebu. He stated:

“Pera kase naiwan ang mga business namin sa Marawi.”

42

(Got financial problem, because our businesses were left at the Marawi.)

As a conclusion, money is fairly essential for the participants because

they just have been recently relocated here in Lapu-Lapu City. Furthermore,

they have already experienced enough loss from the war that their properties

and other valuables are left in their abodes unwillingly.

Cultural Barrier

Culture Barrier talks about the difference between the culture, tradition,

religion and custom of the natives in the relocation area and the Marawi

refugees.

For Jimmy who is a male Muslim, there really is a huge culture barrier

among them because the prominent religion here in Cebu is Christianity.

Jimmy elaborated it in his answer:

“Maraming Kristiyano mahirap makakuha ng kaibigan dahil magkaiba

ang religion.”

(There’s a lot of Christians it is hard to have some friends, because we

have different religion.)

For Cindy, a 15-year-old female Muslim who has been relocated in Cebu.

She said that the culture of her fellow Muslim here in Cebu are different back

in Marawi. She added that most of the female Muslims does not wear their

hijabs, so, they are having a hard time to actually identify the Muslims in a

43

society full of non-Muslims. Cindy then proceeded saying that she does not

agree with the Muslim Community here in Cebu because they are actually

tolerating this behavior. To further support, she said that:

“Kaunti lang yung Muslim dito then yung mga muslim pa dito,

karamihan pa sa kanila hindi nagsusuot ng ganito… (hijab)”

(It’s different here in Cebu because most of the people here are

Catholics and there are few Muslims unlike in Marawi and most of them

does not wear their hijabs)

Finally, culture barrier is described by the participant as a struggle they

mostly face. Because of the difference of religion and the difference of culture

back in Marawi and here in Cebu, most said that it was hard for them to

actually adjust and cope up with. Moreover, it was hard to most participants

because some of them have been discriminated by people just because of

their religion.

Personal Distress

Personal distress talks about the uncomfortable changes felt by the

participants here in the relocation area. This emphasizes on the differences

was their life back in Marawi than here in Lapu-Lapu City that had led them

to feel uncomfortable or unpleasant.

For Dipper and Eustace, who are both students at the Muslim torrel,

some things are a personal distress for them because, here in Cebu, they

44

actually do things they do not usually do back in Marawi. An example is what

Dipper stated:

“… kasi bawal lumabas…, hindi pwedeng lumabas sa bahay. ‘Yun yung

rules naming dito.”

(… we are prohibited to go outside… we are not allowed to go outside

the house.)

From the responses gathered, many refugees see their relocation as a

personal distress. Mostly because they are away from their families back in

Mindanao and because they experiencing homesick. Another probable reason

could be the fact that, many of them are not used to living in their new

environment.

Emotional Distress

The experiences of the refugees also gave them such distress

emotionally. It became a struggle to them in a way that they are already

showing signs of trauma. These emotional struggles of the participants could

be said as an aftereffect of the siege that could probably affect them in the

long run.

According to Dipper, a 16-year-old male Muslim refugee who currently

resides at Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City. Emotional distress is a struggle for him

because he felt such trauma when the war broke out back in Marawi. He

elaborated that he saw dead people shot by the militants, he further stated

45

that he even saw innards of a dead person in their neighborhood. He

elaborated it by saying:

“May takot pa ako hanggang ngayon. Mahirap makalimutan yung nakita

ko dahil marami akong nakitang namatay…saka may lamang tao

nanamatay na.”

(I am still afraid until now. It is difficult to forget what I have seen

because I’ve seen a lot of dead people…Some has even dead people’s

innards.)

Most participants stated that they have traumas after the siege, in this

case, one can hypothesize that it is one of their struggles here in the

evacuation area. Some refugees said that whenever they hear a sound similar

to the sounds of war back in Marawi, they immediately become stiff because

it reminds them of their experiences back in Marawi. Some even said that they

dream about the destruction in Marawi and that it made them feel scared.

Physical Environment

Physical environment talks about how the refugees felt about their new

environment that they saw it as a struggle. Here, it will be articulated as to

how did their new environment gave them uneasy feel towards it.

Cindy and Eustace, who are both staying at the Muslim torrel, stated

that there are a lot of struggles in their new environment. Cindy said that her

46

environment really differed because she does not have her family near her.

For Eustace, he does not like the environment in his place as of the moment

because the air conditioning unit there is not enough for him and the bed

where he sleeps is not his typical likeable bed. They elaborated it here:

Cindy and Eustace respectively said:

“Yung pagkahiwalay namin sa relatives namin doon. Kasi madaming

relatives namin ang naiwan doon sa Marawi.”

(We were separated from our relatives in Marawi. Because most of our

relatives were left behind in Marawi)

“dahil palagi mainit kasi maliit lang yung air-con. Kasi na, madami na I-

… hindi nakuha sa bahay namin.”

“Uh, at tsaka yung higaan mo, hindi gaanong komportable… most

importantly na, your parents is not in your side… Kasi my parents is my

happiness.”

(We felt humid because of the small air conditioning unit. There were

many things that were left in our house.)

(The bed you sleep in, it’s not that comfortable… Most importantly, your

parents are not by your side… Because my parents are my happiness.)

To most refugees, the environment here in Cebu is one of their struggles

because it was a new thing for them. They emphasized that back in Marawi,

the climate was a bit cool rather than here in Cebu City as they describe it as

47

very humid and hot. They also stated that the relocation areas they are staying

currently is different from their homes back in Mindanao, so, it is one of their

struggles here.

48

Table 4

Coping Mechanisms of the Refugees

Major Themes Subthemes Key Informant

Devotional Prayer

Faith Dipper

Faith Jake

Faith Eustace

Socialization

Attitude Finn

Adjustment Candice

Interaction Dipper

Conversation Cindy

Interaction Jake

Interaction Eustace

Interaction with cousins

Jimmy

Entertainment Dipper

Strolling Cindy

Pastime Jake

Hang out with family Eustace

Social media Jimmy

Eight (8) out of ten (10) participants were asked about their coping

mechanisms towards their experiences and struggles. Two (2) themes

emerged they are: (1) Devotional Prayer and (2) Socialization.

49

Devotional Prayer

Religious belief was considered as the most major coping mechanism

used by many refugees. Many of them said that to relieve their distress from

their traumatic experiences, the first thing they do is just to pray to their God,

Allah. Many of them stated that it psychologically gives them hope and have

an optimistic view on things rather than being depressed and traumatized by

their dreadful experiences.

Moreover, religion articulates the way man must respond to challenges

and stress. Religious practices are one of the most common ways which

provide comfort to people in coping with traumatic experiences (Pargament,

1997).

According to Dipper, Jake and Eustace, who are all classmates in the

Muslim torrel at Pajac, their belief to Allah was the greatest contributor with

their coping up in their traumatic experiences. An example is the statement

of Dipper saying:

“Dinaan ko nalang sa pagpray para konti nalang yung takot…kung hindi

mag-aaral dito parang wala kang kwenta bilang isang Muslim.”

(I pray so my fears are now lessened for us, if you finish this course,

you will directly go to heaven when you die…when a Muslim does not

study Arabic, he may not have a value.)

50

As a conclusion, the participants see their devotion to their religion as

a coping mechanism because it gives them the sense of hopefulness. Their

way of forgetting the effects of the siege is to pray and do the necessary

customs in their belief because it gives them self-satisfaction in believing

that a Muslim should know their religion holistically to go to heaven

Socialization

This coping mechanism deals about the refugees’ ability to actually

cope up with the help of the people in their environment. Socialization is

about interaction of the refugees towards other people in their own premise

may it be a family, a relative or acquaintances.

Many refugees utilize the presence of their friends, relatives and families

as one of their coping mechanisms. They said that through their socialization

they experience a relief and they momentarily forget the trauma they

experience back in Marawi. In socializing they mean physical socialization and

virtual socialization like the social media.

For Cindy, Dipper and Finn, just by socializing and talking to their friends,

families and neighbors, they are able to cope up with the trauma and actually

trying to slowly recover from it. Just like what Dipper said saying:

“…nakikipag-usap ako sa aking mga kaklase…mga kaibigan at nag-

games. Sa paglalaro ng games, nalilimutan yung trauma, naiiwasan

yung problema dahil sa saya. Konti-konti nalilimutan ko rin.”

51

(…I interact with my classmates. I go to my friends and play games. In

playing games, I forget the traumatic experiences and I avoid the

problem because of the fun I feel…Day by day, I learn how to forget

those experiences.)

However, for Jake is a 13-year-old male Muslim refugee and Jimmy,

they cope up by utilizing the social media and actually by strolling and enjoying

the places here in Cebu to relieve themselves. Jake said that:

“…Nag-iinternet. Facebook, Youtube. Ika-anim Na Utos. Lumalabas ng

bahay, namamasyal sa parkmall kumakain sa KFC… naglalaro kasama

mga pinsan ko.”

(…Internet Surfing. Facebook, YouTube I watch Ika-anim n a utos, Our

family going out to Parkmalland we will eat at KFC…Playing with

cousins.)

Many refugees think that through socialization they can actually share

their thoughts freely and the company of the people around them gives

them strength to pursue life. They also utilize social media and the Internet

to forget about their dreadful experiences.

52

CHAPTER III

SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Significant Findings

Based on the themes generated in this study, the following are the

significant findings:

The major themes identified as the experiences of the participants

during the Marawi siege are as follows: (1) security threats; (2) experiential

distress; and (3) emotional distress.

The experiences of the refugees in the Marawi siege resulted to (1)

uncomfortable environment that made them decide to relocate in Lapu-Lapu

City, Cebu. Other factors that influenced the refugees’ decision to relocate in

Lapu-Lapu City include (2) family relations; (3) pursuit of their education; and

(4) safety purposes.

The refugees, upon relocating, had to deal with struggles. The following

are the struggles that they experienced: (1) language barriers; (2) difficulty

in socializing; (3) financial problems; (4) cultural barriers; (5) personal

distress; (6) emotional distress; and (7) physical environment.

In order for them to cope up with the struggles in their new

environment, the refugees used mechanisms such as: (1) devotional prayers

and (2) socialization.

53

The emerging themes of the study are essential in understanding the

current situation of the participants of the study.

Conclusion

The Marawi refugees have experienced fear, trauma and emotional

distresses because of terrorism. The research participants chose to relocate in

Lapu-Lapu City for security, education, and the improvement of livelihood. As

of the moment, they are struggling to communicate and to interact to their

environment in relocation areas because of the cultural and language

variation. A majority of the participants are suffering financial problems and

struggling with their physical environment. In line with their struggles, they

have been coping through devotional prayers and studying the Qur'an.

Furthermore, they emphasized that socialization is a significant mechanism to

cope with their traumatic experiences and struggles.

Recommendations

For Social Institutions

1. The counselors and social workers shall conduct a program that will

assess the experiences of refugees with sensitive and deep

understanding as the findings show that majority of them are still in the

process of coping.

2. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),

government sectors and non-government organizations must be

54

equipped and must have a proper program to support the refugees who

decided to relocate in Lapu-Lapu City to ensure security and to help

provide their basic needs, such as giving job training and job matching

programs for parent refugees.

3. Teachers in learning institutions shall consider their method of

instruction towards the student refugees, as our data depicts that most

of the young refugees struggle on understanding Visayan language.

For Future Researchers

1. The study may use the triangulation method by interviewing the

relatives and cohabitants of the subjects.

2. The study may use a larger number of participants to reveal other

struggles, coping mechanisms, and experiences of Marawi refugees,

which may not have been uncovered in this study.

3. Future researchers must have the aid of an interpreter who speaks the

language of the participants so that it would be easier for them to freely

express their thoughts and experiences.

4. Future studies may focus on less fortunate refugees of the siege such

as those evacuated in Iligan City who were deprived of sufficient security

and daily basic needs, and the public servants who were firsthand

experiencers of assisting the refugees in camps.

55

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63

APPENDICES

A. Work Schedules

No. Tasks Days Date

(2017)

FIRST TRANCHE

1 Formulation of the Research Title 1 June 30

2 Approval of Research Title 1 July 3

3

Formulation of the Statement of the

Problem, Sub-Problems, and Significance of

the Study

2 July 8-9

4 Approval of the Problems and Significance 1 July 10

5 Reading and Writing of RRL of the Study 36 July 9 – August

14

6 Formulation of Research Methodology 3 August 11-13

7 Approval of RRL Written Research

Methodology 1 August 23

9 Formulation and Revision of Chapter 1 for

Research Proposal 1 September 1

10

Asking Authorized Organizations about

Whereabouts of Possible Research

Participants

1 September 2

11 Presentation and Approval of Research

Proposal 1 September 3

SECOND TRANCHE

12 Signing of Transmittal Letters 1 September 7-8

13 Asking Consent from the Barangays for

Data-Gathering 1

September 8

14 Informing and Asking for the Consent of

Possible Participants for In-depth Interview 2

September 8-

10

15 Approval of Consent and Orientation of

Research Participants 3

September 9 -

11

16 Profiling and In-depth Interview of

Participants 15

September 10

– September

24

17 Transcribing of Results and Coding of Data 21

September 10

– September

30

64

18 Formulation of the Summary of Findings,

Conclusions and Recommendations 2

September 29-

September 30

19 Editing, Proofreading, and Binding of

Paperwork 6

October 2 - 4

20 Research Defense 1 October 9

Total Number of Days: 75 days

Prepared by:

REINA MARIZ P. BAGUIO Name and Signature

Approved by:

MS. NYMPHA A. TAPAO

65

B. Budget

First Tranche Estimate

Cost

Activities Resources/Materials

Printing and Presentation of the Research

Proposal paper made by the Researcher Printing of the papers (25) pages

Php 50.00

Transportation Allowance for meetings within the researchers.

Fare(6) x (Php 50.00) each

Php 300.00

Printing of Research Proposal’s paper of

approval to be signed by the research’s instructor, Miss Nympha Tapao.

Printing of the papers

(15) pages

Php

30.00

Compiling all the papers Office Supplies (Folders, staples,

fastener)

Php 30.00

TOTAL FIRST TRANCHE

Php 410.00

SECOND TRANCHE

Locating the participants of the study Transportation

Expenses (6)

researchers X Php

100.00

Php

600.00

Asking consents to the participants for

Data gathering

Printing of the

consents (20) X Php

1.00

Php

20.00

Data Gathering through in-depth

interviews and FGD Focus Group

Discussion.

Photocopy of tool for

the questionnaire Php

2.00 X (6) researchers

Php

12.00

Transportation Allowance and snacks for

meetings within the researchers for the

final Research Paper

Fare (6) researcher X

(4) meetings X Php

50.00 each

Php

1,200.00

Writing and Printing of the summary of

findings, conclusions and

recommendations

Printing supplies(500)

Bond paper sheets Php

200.00, Ink Cartridge

Php 400.00

Php

600.00

66

TOTAL SECOND TRANCHE

Php

2,420.00

GRAND TOTAL OF BUDGET Php

2,830.00

Prepared by:

CEILO FETH SALINGUHAY Name and Signature

Approved by:

MS. NYMPHA A. TAPAO Research Instructor

67

C. Transmittal Letters BASAK

68

BASAK

69

PAJAC

70

PAJAC

71

D. Informed Consents

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you.

In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

72

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio

and Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or

ceilofeth101@gmail.com and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or

think that something unusual or unexpected is happening.

73

74

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

75

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

76

77

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

78

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

79

80

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

81

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

82

83

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

84

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

85

86

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes

to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

87

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

88

89

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

90

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

91

92

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

93

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

94

95

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

96

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

97

98

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER (STEC)

Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TITLE: “HOME AWAY FROM HOME: Struggles of Marawi

Refugees in Relocation Areas of Lapu-Lapu City”

INTRODUCTION You are invited to join a research study to look at the experiences of the

Marawi refugees that have evacuated to Cebu. Please take whatever time you need to discuss the study with your family and friends, or anyone else you

wish to. The decision to join, or not to join, is up to you. In this research study, we are investigating the events that the Marawi

refugees experienced in Mindanao, the factors that affect how they adapt to

their new environment and how they are being accepted by the residents of the community in Lapu-Lapu City specifically in Barangay Basak. The current

situation of the war in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur has been the same for the past three months, with the Maute terrorist group and Abu Sayyaf Salafi

jihadist groups. The ongoing conflict has internally displaced many citizens where they may have encountered struggled during and after relocation to

safer areas.

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE STUDY?

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to answer the following

questions through a process called in-depth interview. Questions involve demographic questions, which include information like your age, ethnicity,

level of education, household composition (marital status), and your professional or employment status. We will then ask you questions that we

have prepared beforehand. This in-depth interview will take up to 30 minutes to an hour.

The investigators may stop the study or take you out of the study at any time they judge it is in your best interest. They may also remove you from the

study for various other reasons. Reasons include if they have gathered enough information from you; whether your experiences are not relevant to our study;

and if you begin to pose a threat to the investigators. They can do this without your consent.

99

RISKS

This study involves the following risks: the possibility of you recalling

your traumatic experiences when you were in Marawi. There may also be other risks that we cannot predict.

BENEFITS TO TAKING PART IN THE STUDY?

It is reasonable to expect the following benefits from this research: You will be able to relieve some of the trauma that you have experienced, and

your responses will provide essential information to mental health professionals, government and non-government organizations, and

volunteers in their efforts to provide relief to the people affected by this crisis. However, we can’t guarantee that you will personally experience benefits from

participating in this study. Others may benefit in the future from the information we find in this study.

CONFIDENTIALITY

We will take the following steps to keep information about you confidential, and to protect it from unauthorized disclosure, tampering, or

damage: the researchers, and the institution will have access to the responses that you have given to us, we will be using codenames to conceal your identity.

The files and raw information gathered will be kept in computers that are secured with a password. Your responses will be transcribed and quoted for

the individual questions we have given.

YOUR RIGHTS AS A RESEARCH PARTICIPANT?

Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right not to

participate at all or to leave the study at any time. Deciding not to participate or choosing to leave the study will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits

to which you are entitled, and it will not harm your relationship with the

researchers. If you wish to withdraw from the study, just inform the researcher whose contact information is found below.

CONTACTS FOR QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS

Call Reina Mariz Baguio at 09426532084 or email Reina Mariz Baguio and

Ceilo Feth Salinguhay at marizreina@gmail.com or ceilofeth101@gmail.com

and if you have questions about the study, any problems, unexpected

physical or psychological discomforts, any injuries, or think that something

unusual or unexpected is happening.

100

101

E. PARENT’S CONSENTS

102

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106

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108

F. Transcripts

TRANSCRIPT # 1

Name: Finn Age: 18

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: F

Date: September 8, 2017 Time: 2:36PM to 2:52PM

Position in the Family: 4th Child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 12 Location: Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu? [Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Akong kinabuhi didto kanang ok kaayo ba kay daghan kaayog kuan ba relatives og mga barkada og salig jud mi nga adto jud mi kay kuan..ang among kuan kay mga muslim tanan..among neighbors ba..oh. Kanang ang climate didto kay kuan kanang sakto sakto ba dili siya init *laughs* niya ari kay init. Init kay diri sa?*laughs* adto kay di ba kinahanglan ang mga aircon kanang mga kuan ba technology ba niya diri kay kung wala kay kuan kay oh alimout kaayo. Niya didto sa una nindot kaayo didto kay, katong wala pa to gibumbahan sa gobyerno niya karon murag nag Syria.” “Kuan kanang ..kanang nindot siya. Kanang..kanang way gubot didto ba pero katong…ay that time ni kuan kanang nagskwela mi didto sa Marawi niya kuan pag alas dos traynta kay naabot ang mga ISIS aahh maute group.” “So mauto pagkuan pag 24 diba nahitabo to pag 23? Niya pag 24 ni announce ang military kanang camp maranao, mao toy kampo sa mga sundalo. Ni announce sila nga 12 kanang dapat mag evacuate na tanang tao sa marawi Kay tungod daw sa gyera.” “So mauto kanang nanakay nami sa sakyanan padong iligan, adto nami ni evacuate.Niya before mi makakuan sa marawi, kay marawi to iligan man mi kay natrap jud mi kay traffic kaayo.” “Di among gisakyan Kay sa among kuan kanang pagumangkon nako banga vice mayor sa.. Mauto adto mi ni kuan sa sakyanan. So naabot mi sa Iligan Kay kuan 11 hours niya

kung walay gyerang nahitabo kay 1 hour ra. Niya katong naay nay nahitabo Kay 11 hours tanan” “Kanang before to nahitabo kanang na in-formed rami mga kuan moattack naang ISIS. Gi kuan rami gi text-an, text ra ba. Niya kami..ang uban baya kay murag dili mutoo ba. Mauto kanang ang uban ni ingon nga ayaw no pagtuo ana kay murag dili na siya reliable source ba. Mauto nga pag after 7 days naabot naang mga ISIS. Murag plano kaau ang ilang pag attack Kay tanang agianan sa sundalo Kay kanang gi alihan sa mga ISIS ba gikuan gud gi planuhan. Daghan pud kayo og bomba og putukan ba. Mauto pasalamat gud kaau mi nga nakaiwas mi sa gyera ba niya naabot mi diri. Na ang mga taw diri Kay kuan ba mga but-an, wala mi ka experience og discrimination. Feel naKo murag wa ra nila ba. Mauto nga dako Jud kaau mig pasalamat nga wala mi ba nadiscriminate.” “Sa ang uban kanang naay nanglakaw ra, katong walay sakyanan. Ang mga estudyante sa MSU Kay nanglakaw ra. Mindanao State University. So mauto kanang Muslim og mga kristiyano, naa may mgaestudyante man sad didto nga mga katoliko. Ang uban kay nanglakaw ang uban kay nagsakay og jeep nga naa sa taklod ba *laughs* basta magkaiwas lang jud mi nga basing maapil mi. So ang uban Kay naghilak.Naa pud kay makit-an nga naglakawnga naay mga anak nga gialsa kanang murag sako sa bugas ba. Makaingon jud ka grabi jud ang among na experience ba.” Translation: (My life back there was great I have a lot of relatives and friends and all of our neighbors there were Muslims. ) (Our life there was good, no chaos. We were just sitting at our classroom in our school in Marawi then at 2:30 pm the Isis/ maute group arrived) (It was in 24th of May. It was announced by the military in camp Maranao, the camp of the army that at 12 noon everyone in Marawi should evacuate.)

109

(We went to Iligan to evacuate. It took usalot of time to arrive to Iligan because it was so traffic...) (We hopped in our nephew's vehicle, so we arrived in Iligan after 11 hours not the usual 1 hour without the siege.) (Before it happened, we were already informed that ISIS was going to attack. We received text message. But we did not believe it because some were saying that it might be a hoax. After 7 days the ISIS arrived. There attack was so planned, all the possible roads that the military will take were blocked, they were plenty of bombs and shooting that is why we were so thankful that we are safe from the war and we arrived here. Then the people here are so kind. We did not experience discrimination and we are thankful for that.) (In MSU there were some non-muslim students. Some were walking, riding on the jeep's

roof just to get rid of the siege. Some were crying. I have also seen someone walking while carrying his children like a sack of rice. I could say that what I experienced was painful.)

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Great life (many relatives and friends, all neighbors are muslim, no chaos), Terroristic attacks (blocked roads, bombings, shootings), Painful (crying while evacuating ), Precaution (warning messages)

Disposition: Sincere and Serious (Various hand gestures , biting of lips, scratching of hair)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“Murag nag..nag-adjust ko sa kuan kanang mga kinaiya sa mga taw diri kay lahi raba na atong kinaiya kay murag aah kanang unsa gani ang tawag ana oy kanang. Lain lain gud tag kultura. Basta mangaon mi sa akong classmate..sige silag kuan nako...kanang sige silag adjust ba Kay ako dili ko mukaon of baboy niya sila kay kuan mokaon sila.” Translation: (I need to adjust to the attitude of the people here because it is very different. The culture here is so different. We have different culture, we muslims dont eat pork while catholics eat pork. Now whenever I eat with my classmates they need to adjust because of me, they always consider my state)

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Adjust to people’s attitude (different attitudes), cultural adjustment (different food choice)

Disposition: Sincere and Joy ( Laughing, Various hand gestures)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3 What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas?

[Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Murag wala man. Kay kuan kanang gi welcome gud mo gi kuan ba..mura rag kuan ba, way Muslim way kuan, murag pantay-pantay ba.” “Pero Kanang kuan kanang first day of school, niya wala pa sila na anad. Niya naa koy kuan kanang classmate. Kanang nag joke joke ba niya nasobraan ang iyang joke. Ni-ana siya nga ako daw kay kuan mamaligya daw ko og baboy unya murag na offend ko. Ako murag ako nalang tong gikuan ba gi ignore.” “Oh gisuportaan mi sa una, pero karon wala na. Wala naa sa marawi Kay nibalik sila kay OK naman daw ang marawi Ron. Oh na ok Kay murag wala namay ISIS didto.. oh murag nigamay na. Kay basig nanghawa na. * laughs* gikapoy na.” Translation:

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TRANSCRIPT # 2

Name: Candice Age: 18

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: F

Date: September 9, 2017 Time Started: 4:29PM to 4:40PM

Position in the Family: Eldest child Length of Stay: 3 weeks

Highest Education: 2nd year college Location: Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu? [Unsa ang i

nyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

"Isa lang akong simpleng studyante... nag-aaral ako sa Mindanao State University... nangyari yung gyera patapos palang yung semester namin... umuwi ako sa bahay tapos nagpuputukan na samin... pag uwi namin gusto ng tito namin na mag stay lang kami sa bahay kasi akala nila three days lang matatapos na ang gyera di nila alam two months pala... grabe yung mga putukan dun." Translation: “I am just a simple student… I was studying at Mindanao State University… the siege happened prior to the end of our semester… I came home and I here gunshots… my tito wanted us to stay at home because he thought that the siege will only last for two days but little did they know that it will take two months… the gunshots were extreme.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Student, chaos

Disposition: Sincere, emotional (Hand gestures, teary eyes)

Probing

Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation?

[Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

"In-adjust ko lang yung sarili ko... kailangan kong mag adjust…dahil maraming mga Kristiyano dito." Translation: “ I adjust myself… I need to adjust…because there are a lot of Christians here.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Adjustment

Disposition: Sincere, emotional (Hand gestures, teary eyes)

(So far, there were no struggles, the people here are so welcoming, I feel like there were no label and everyone are equal.) (But there was this time that it was first day of class and my classmate's joke went too far, he was saying that I sell pork and I was offended. But in the end I just ignore it.)

Key Words:

subthemes (feature)

No struggles ( received warm welcome, fair treatment), discrimination (offensive jokes)

Disposition: Sincere and Joy ( Laughing, various hand gestures)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

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Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

"Mahirap maghanap ng work lalo na pag di ka marunong sa language nila... mahirap magka intindihan." Translation: “ I’ts hard to look for a job especially if you don’t know their language… its hard to communicate.”

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Difficulties in finding a job, communication barriers

Disposition: Sincere, emotional (Hand gestures, teary eyes)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

TRANSCRIPT # 3

Name: Phineas Age: M

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 18

Date: September 16, 2017 Time Started: 3:35PM to 4:09PM

Position in the Family: 5th Child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 12 Location: Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu?

[Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim

Response:

Mga limang araw kami dun Nung nagbabakbakan nasa bahay lang kami limang araw kami dun walang pagkain walang tubig walang pera walang.. lowbat lahat ng cellphone. Buti nalang lumabas kami... Ahh lumabas kami nung alas 5 ng umaga lumabas kami. Wala kaming nakitang ISIS o sundalo... Estudyante lang. Wala naman akong nararamdaman . Sobrang hirap iwanan ng marawi dahil dun na ako lumaki at doon na ako pinanganak. Wala namang naramdamang paghihirap nung pagpunta dito. Kasama ko lola ko at pinsan ko... Masaya kase nakaligtas kami dun. Isang araw sa barko. Naka kita kami ng chicks sa iligan. Nakakatawa kasi di kami marunong magbisaya. Nasa computer shop ako. Tas nagkagulo at may putukan. Tumakbonsa bahay. Oo may nakita kaming ISIS nagtatakbuhan. Sariling sikap. Syempre natakot. Tahimik doon sa iligan. Mahirapa kasing pumunta sa evacuation center. Kase *childs cry. Mahirap dun pagkain at pera. Masaya maraming kaibigan. Translation: We were stuck for 5 days there. No food, no water, and no money... All cellphone are off, no batteries. Fortunately we went out at 5 am. We have not seen any ISIS and military... I was a student, and I had many friends… I didn't feel anything. It was very hard to leave Marawi because it is my hometown and I was born there. I did not feel any struggles on our transportation. I came here with my grandmother and cousin. I feel happy because we we are safe, we had one day travel with a ship. I have seen many girls in Iligan. It was funny when I came here because they all speaks in Bisaya. I was in the computer shop, then it everything went chaotic. I ran off to our house. Of course I was scared. It was hard to go to the evacuation center... Because there were no food and no money.

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Insufficient supply ( No food, no water, no money) Scared (Chaotic environment)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation?

112

[Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“Nagtyaga lang,nag-aaral ng mabuti.” Translation: (I just persevere, I study well.)

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Working hard (Study well)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Mahirap kasi hindi ako marunong magbisaya, gamay ra. Pera kase naiwan ang mga business naming sa Marawi. Nagtatagalog, nabigla sila nung unang pasok ko. Medyo nahihirapan, kase bisaya yung pagdidoscuss nila nahihirapan akong intindihin... Wala namang problema sa pagkain... Wala naman. Konti lang ang kaibigan.” Translation: (It was hard because I can only speak a little Bisaya. I speak in Filipino oftenly. Got financial problem, because out business were left at the Marawi. They were shocked at first. It was quite difficult, because our teacher's discussion is in bisaya and I can't understand. There were no problem with the food...but I only have few friends.”

Key Words:

subthemes (feature)

Communication barrier (Can’t speak Bisaya well, can’t understand the teacher), financial problem (business were left at the marawi)

Probing

Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

TRANSCRIPT # 4

Name: Finn Age: M

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 19

Date: September 16, 2017 Time Started: 12:07PM to 12:25PM

Position in the Family: 4th Child Length of Stay: 2 months

Highest Education: Grade 12 Location: Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu? [Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Kanang normal lang na kinabuhi… normal ra… estudyante, ekwela… pero okay raman… mas nindot ang kinabuhi didto sa amo.a kahibaw naka sa pasikot adto.”“Aww syempre, dili jud mayo imong feeling adto… aw lisod jud… syempre dili jud mayo kay maluoy baya tas mga tawo…mga balay na nangaguba…” "Nindot man ang experience diri… daghang tawo ug traffic… nay mga mosque diri pero gamay ra.” Translation: "Just a normal life...just normal.. a student, just studying.. my life there was better than here because I already knew every corners there…""Of course, my experiences during the war were awfuk. its hearbreaking to see hurting people..destroyed houses.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Normal life (student, knows the place too well), Awful (hurting people, destroyed houses)

Disposition: Sincere and serious

113

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang

imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“Magsalig lang sa ginoo… normal ra man ni sa mga tawo na nay in-ani na mahitabo” “Effective ra man, normal ra man sa tao ang mag problema, okay ra man ang mga batasan diri, mga but-an ra man sad” "aww, mabag-uhan jud ka, kay lain man jud ila batasan Diri." Translation: " Just have faith in God..it's just normal to everyone who had experience this kind of event.." " It's actually effective[praying], it is normal to those people who have problems, the attitude of people here are just okay, people here are kind." "Ahh, of course you'll be shocked they have different attitude."

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Faith ( pray), Attitude ( adjustments towards people's attitude)

Disposition: Sincere and serious

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3 What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas?

[Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim

Response:

"Aww, wala ra, makapuyo man pud ta ug tarong ug makakaon ra man sad ug sakto, okay raman sad” Translation: "Ahh, it was just fine as long I can still eat..."

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

No struggles (enough food to eat)

Disposition: Sincere and serious

Probing Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

TRANSCRIPT # 5

Name: Dipper Age: M

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 16

Date: September 16, 2017 Time: 1:54PM to 2:14PM

Position in the Family: 4th Child Length of Stay: 20 days

Highest Education: Grade 10 Location: Basak, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1 What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu?

[Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Oo, doon ako galing. Doon ako nag-aaral at nag-graduate ng junior high school. Noong May 23, ‘yun ‘yong gradute namin doon sa MSU. Bago kami nakauwi, may sumabog … sa Barrio Saber. Doon nagsimula.”

Estudyante. Araw-araw nag ge-games, normal [na teenager]…

114

Kasi bago sumabog ang Marawi, uhh three days nandoon pa kami. Kumbaga, hindi pa kami nagbakwit after three days…so… bago dumami ang pagsabog so

ganun nag… lumikas na kami. Meron kaming kabuhayan. Kumbaga na … uh…ang mama ko ay teacher at ang daddy ko ay teacher din. Doon sa probinsiya namin. Noong nangyari ang pagsabog sa Saber, sa bahay syempre natatakot kami.

Parang kinakabahan kumbaga natatakot baka mapasok kami ng ISIS. Meron [kaming nakitang mga taong naapektuhan], kagaya ng katabi naming ospital, may namatay doon dahil binaril ng ISIS sa labas na bahagi. Nakita ko yon nong binaril kaya tumakbo ako at magulo ang aking isip (laughs).

Kumbaga hindi nalilimutan yung nakita ko. Akala ko na ako ay…eh… akala ko na

ako yung madadakip. Sa bawat, waiting shed sa Marawi, lahat may ISIS. Nagsusuot sila ng black. Kumbaga yung mga babaeng walang hijab ay dinadakip ginagawang hostage. Merong Muslim ding hostage kumbaga para hindi sila kumbaga parang hindi sila basta-bastang pasukin ng military. Natakot ako dahil first time kong makakita ng patay na katawan. Pero, hindi first time na nakita naming ang mga ISIS dahil matagal na sila doon. Hindi pa [sila umatake]. Hindi sila nag-stay, dumaan lang sila. Hindi namin alam kung gagawa pala sila ng gulo.

Nang una naming nakita ang mga Maute, maraming natakot, marami yung nagtago. Kinukuha nila yung mga ganyang bata (laughs) binibigyan nila ng baril at saka walang training. May natanggap kaming message. Mga two days bago mangyari yung pagsabog.

Parang normal.. parang fake lang yung message dahil hindi makapapaniwala na sasabog yung Marawi parang joke lang. Nagbakwit kami sa Barangay Bangon. Kasi akala namin na after three days nung pagsabog, mawawala na yung mga ISIS. Kumbaga nakita namin ang mga tao na naglalakad papuntang Iligan. May papunta sa probinsiya nila. Kami sumakay kami ng sasakyan papuntang Masho, Lanao del Sur. Malapit lang sa kuan,

kumbaga sa Marawi malapit lang. Nakatanggap kami ng tulong doon. Sumakay kami ng barko papunta sa Cebu.” Translation: Yes, it is where I came from. I studies there and completed junior high school. In May 23, that was our graduation day in MSU. Before we arrived home,

something blasted… in Barrio Saber. It started there. I was a student. Every day, I play games, like a normal [teenager]… Before Marawi was bombed, uhh three we stayed there. Like, we did not evacuate after three days…so…before the bombings were rampant, we were able

to evacuate. We had livelihood. Like…uh…my mother is a teacher and my daddy is also a teacher, there in the province. When there were bombings in Saber, at home of course we were afraid. Like, we were nervous that ISIS will enter our home.

There are [people that I saw who were affected by the attacks], just like in the

hospital which is just beside us, there was one who died there because he was

115

shot by the ISIS at the outside area. I saw him when he was shot so I ran and I was confused (laughs nervously).

Like, I cannot forget what I saw. I thought that…eh… I thought that I would be the one who will be caught. In every waiting shed in Marawi, all of them had ISIS members. They were black clothing. Women who did not wear hijab are caught and became hostages. There were also Muslim hostages so… like… so that the military could not penetrate them easily. I was scared because it was the first time I saw killings in front of my eyes. However, it was not the first

time that we saw the Maute because they had been around there. They did not attack yet. They did not stay, they just passed by our town. We did not know that they would cause some siege. When we first saw them, many were afraid, some were hiding. They were

recruiting children and gave each of them guns and no training.

We received warning messages. That was two days before the bombing. It seemed like a normal text message, like a fake one because it doesn’t seem plausible that Marawi would be bombed. It was like a joke. We evacuated ourselves in Barangay Bangon. We thought that after three days from the bombing the chaos would die down. We saw many people walking from Iligan. Others went to their provinces. We rode a car heading to Masho, Lanao

del Sur which is near…uhh…Marawi. We received some help in there. We rode a ship heading here in Cebu.

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Fear (ISIS will enter their home), terroristic attacks (bombings, invaded homes), killings (man shot by ISIS), traumatic sightings (hostages, recruited children), precaution (warning messages)

Disposition: Uncomfortable, sincere (eye contact, brow movements)

Probing

Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced before your relocation?[Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim

Response:

Dinaan ko nalang sa pagpray. Konti nalang yung takot.

Kumbaga nakikipag-usap ako sa aking mga kaklase. Oo, kumbaga dinaan ko nalang sa

pagpray at kumbaga nakikipagsaya kasama ang mga kaklase ko.

Dito may oras naman na pwedeng lumabas pero mas pinipili ko dito. Pang-iwas sa trauma.

Sa amin, kung makapagtapos ka dito, kapag mamatay ka na didiretso ka na sa heaven. Kumbaga, mahalaga sa akin dahil kung hindi mag-aaral dito parang wala kang kwenta bilang isang Muslim. Oo, kasi nawawala yung katamaran at saka may respeto sa kapwa tao. Sa Masiu, pumupunta sa mga…mga kaibigan at nag-games. Sa paglalaro ng games,

nalilimutan yung trauma, naiiwasan yung problema dahil sa saya.

Konti-konti nalilimutan ko rin.

Translation:

I pray so my fears are now lessened.

I interact with my classmates. I just pray and have fun with my classmates.

Here, we are given limited time to go out, but I choose to stay here so I can avoid the

trauma.

116

For us, if you finish this course, you will directly go to heaven when you die. It’s important

for me because when a Muslim does not study Arabic, he may not have a value. Allah is

important in my life because laziness would be gone and I will remember to respect other

people.

In Masho, I go to my friends and play games. In playing games, I forget the traumatic

experiences and I avoid the problem because of the fun I feel.

Day by day, I learn how to forget those experiences.

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Faith (pray), interaction (have fun with classmates), entertainment (play games with friends)

Disposition: Light, happy, funny, focused (eye contact, slightly parted lips, ear inwards)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim

Response:

“’Yung di mo gustong gawin ay nagagawa mo dito. Kumbaga na maglaba (laughs)... Ang kaibahan ng Marawi at Cebu, dito kasi, mahirap kapag wala dito ang mga magulang mo dahil kailangan mong maging responsable. Apat kami sa aming pamilya. Nandoon ang kapatid ko sa Iligan, nag-aaral. Yung mga magulang ko nandoon sa probinsiya, sa Masho. Hindi ako nag-aaral dito sa Cebu kasi… kasi bawal lumabas. Syempre torrel, hindi pwedeng lumabas sa bahay. ‘Yun yung rules naming dito. ‘Yun kasi yung patakaran dito para madali kaming matuto. Doon sa amin nakapag-aral ka ng mabuti at nakakapag-games. Nung dito na, hindi. Dito kailangan na mag focus. May takot pa ako hanggang ngayon. Mahirap makalimutan yung nakita ko dahil marami akong nakitang namatay. Pati yung bahay ng mga kapitbahay namin na nasira at saka may lamang tao na namatay na.

Hindi naman okey yung hindi ka lumabas. Hindi kami nakalalabas sa bahay dahil parati kaming nag-aaral… Dito hindi kami pwedeng mag cellphone (laughs). Translation: Here, you do things that you don’t want to do. Just like washing clothes (laughs)… The difference between Marawi and Cebu is the fact that it is difficult when your parents are not around, because you need to be responsible. We are four in the family. My sibling is there in Iligan, studying. My parents are in Masho, our province. I do not study here in Cebu because… we are prohibited to go outside. Of course this is a torrel, we are not allowed to go outside the house. It is a rule here so that it would be easy for us to learn. In Marawi, I can study well and I can play games. When I arrive here, I would not be able to play games. Here, we are required to focus. I am still afraid until now. It is difficult to forget what I have seen because I’ve seen a lot of dead people. Even the home of our neighbors were destroyed. Some has even dead people inside. It is not actually okay that we cannot go out. We cannot go out of the house because we are always studying… Here, we cannot use cellphones (laughs).

117

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Responsibility (washing clothes, no parents), limited actions (prohibited to go outside), limited medium of interaction (no cellphones), limited entertainment (cannot play games), trauma (witnessing terroristic acts, dead people)

Disposition: sincere (eye contact, brow movements)

Probing

Question/s:

How important is learning the Arabic language for you? What is the role of your religion in your life? [Gaano ba kaimportante ang pag-aaral ng Arabic para sa iyo? Anong papel ng relihiyon ng sa iyong buhay?]

TRANSCRIPT # 6

Name: Cindy Age: 15

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: F

Date: September 16, 2017 Time: 1:25PM to 1:49PM

Position in the Family: 6th child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 9 Location: Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1 What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu?

[Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Tahimik, porus school lang, pagdating ko galin sa school, don na sa bahay. Hindi na ako lumalabas.” “Hindi naman kasi may trabaho naman yong magulang ko.” “Yong ibang bahay nasira pero yung sa amin hindi, medyo kasi malayo. Hinintay pa naming yun kung hindi ba talaga makakapunta yung mga maute sa lugar namin. Yun pero nung medyo lumakas na iyong ano mga barilan doon na kami nakadesisyon na lumikas.” “Natakot at nasasaktan. Kasi maraming mga muslim ang nadamay dahil sa ginawa nila. Malakas talaga yung mga bomba at mga putukan.” “May relatives din kaming namatay, tapos meron din nga akong lola nadoon sa marawi, hindi nila ma-evacuate sa ibang lugar. Then noong nakaalis na sila papunta sa ibang lugar mga..3 days..mga 1 week bigla nalang namatay yung lola namin. Kahit hindi doon sa lugar na don namatay dahil sa pagka nerbyus na din kaya ganon.” “Nung pagtransfer dito mahirap dahil hindi nila ako pinapasok sa school. Kasi yung mga papilis, yung mga form 137 ko wala nandoon sa Marawi. Tapos ang daming nagtatanong sa amin bakit daw yung iba hindi nagsusuot ng hijab. Sinasabi naming na ito yung sugo sa amin. Translation: (Peaceful, just studying, when I came back from school I just stayed in our house. I

don’t go out)

(I don’t think so because my parents both have jobs)

(The other houses were destroyed but thankfully ours weren’t because it is a little too

far. We waited to know if the Maute will not arrive in our place. That was it but when the

shootings and bombings were becoming louder, we decided to evacuate the place.)

(We had relatives who died. I even have a grandmother in Marawi, who was not able

to evacuate immediately. After 3 days to 1 week when they were able to leave for

another place to evacuate, she suddenly died. Even though she did not die in Marawi, her

death was still even caused by her anxiety so it was such.)

(Transferring here in Cebu was hard because at first I wasn’t accepted in the school because my school records were in Marawi.)

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Peaceful (normal student, doesn’t go out with friends), no hardships (parents are employed), Terrorist attacks (destroyed houses, bombings, shootings) Painful (killings, grandmothers death) Difficulties in enrolling (school papers & records are left in Marawi)

118

Disposition: Sincere and serious (eye contact)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you

experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“Lagi kaming namamasyal sa mga mall para makalimutan lang. Bonding-bonding with family. Kasi hindi kami nagkahiwalay. Minsan nag-uusap kami. Naiisip ko rin na kailangan kong mag-aral ng mabuti para sa pamilya ko.” Translation: (We constantly go and stroll to malls for us to forget what had happen. Bonding with family because some of us are still together. Sometimes we talk to each other. I also thought that I need to study hard for my family)

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Strolling (going to malls), Conversation with family (sharing sentient and feelings) , Study hard (for the welfare of the family)

Disposition: Sincere and serious (eye contact)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Yung pagkahiwalay namin sa relatives namin doon. Kasi madaming relatives naming ang naiwan doon sa Marawi. Kasi doon sa amin magkatabi lang yung mga bahay naming dito malayo na kami. Mahirap kasi lumaki kami na kasama sila.”

“Kaunti lang yung muslim dito then yung mga muslim pa dito, karamihan pa sa kanila hindi nagsusuot ng ganito (hijab) medyo na i-influence din kami na hindi magsuot ng ganito. Sinasabi naming sa kanila na magsuot ng ganito pero ayaw talaga nila.” Translation: (We were separated from our relatives in Marawi. Because most of our relatives

were left behind in Marawi. It’s hard because back in Marawi our houses were so close and we grew up together.) (It’s different here in Cebu because most of the people here are Catholics and there are few Muslims unlike in Marawi. And most of the Muslims here don’t wear hijab.)

Key Words:

subthemes (feature)

Separated from family ( some relatives are left behind in Marawi), Few numbers of Muslims (most of the residents are Catholics)

Disposition: Sincere and serious (eye contact)

Probing Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

TRANSCRIPT # 7

Name: Jake Age: M

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 13

Date: September 16, 2017 Time Started: 3:30PM to 4:00PM

119

Position in the Family: 6th child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 6 Location: Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1 What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu?

[Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Nag eskwela... kuan...nag-aaral ra... nag babasketbol. Hehehe... nakatambay sa bahay...naglaro ng kompyuter.” “Oo nakatanggap... yung ate ko...Nung umaga, umalis na kami. Nung messages... may putukan... tinawag ko yung mama ko, tapos sinirado ko yung pintuan... mayroon kaming

tindahan... mga 6...may sasakyan kami...papuntang tamparan.” Translation: “I just went to school, study, play basketball, stand by at home and play the computer.” “Yes, my elder sister received a text. When the Maute came, I heard gunshots, so I quickly closed the door. The following morning, we evacuated with our car, it was probably 6 am when we started our travel to Tamparan.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Precaution (received a text), terroristic attacks (gunshots)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you

experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“ pray... magpray nalang... kay Allah... magbasketbol rin... mga Friday... usap rin sa mga kaibigan...at kaklase rito... nag~aaral nalang ng Qur'an at ng Arabic...” Translation: “I just pray to Allah. I also play basketball every Friday. I also talk to my friends and classmates here. I also study the Qur’an and Arabic…”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Faith (pray to Allah, study the Qur’an and Arabic), interaction (talk to my friends and classmates), pastime (play basketball)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3 What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas?

[Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Wala man... walang problema... sa linggawahe... wala rin. di rin ako masyado lumalabas kasi... hehehehe.” Translation: “I don’t have problems here. I don’t have a problem with the language either because I don’t usually go outside the dormitory.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

No struggles

Disposition: plain

Probing Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

TRANSCRIPT # 8

Name: Eustace Age: 15

120

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: F

Date: September 16, 2017 Time Started: 2:46PM to 3:10PM

Position in the Family: Youngest child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 8 Location: Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu? [Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim

Response:

Nong una kasi, na.. thankfully na nasa bayan ko kasi na uh.. kasi ako-player kasi ako,

player na palagi may pinupuntahan para mag-game. So thankfully na, na during that

time na nasa bayan ko, nag-ce-cellphone lang, nag e-FB.

Uhm… Kasi na, lahat kami nasa bahay, nasa bahay ako, yung nag ce-cellphone ako, tos

may na-nag start na sila mag putukan. Pero na, hindi ko yung pinansin akala ko na rido

lang. parang naramdaman ko na tumatagal na yung putukan at may mag bomba na,

tsaka lang ako

umakyat sa kwarto ng mga parents ko. Nag tanong ko sa kanila na kung ano nag

nangyayari, ‘tus sabi nila na hinidi na rin nila alam. So, sa Facebook lang, hanggan sa

may nakaitang mga post na may mga isis daw sa public sa Marawi ibat-ibang lugar.

Unfortunately, yung mga parents ko-ay yung nanay ko na, na sa iang occupation, na

nandoon sya, doon na sya, wala sya sa bahay, sa Sarimanok. Sa time na yun, sa

kinalalagyan nya, may mga ISIS nandoon sa gate nila. Kasi nasaloob sila, may ISIS sa

gate nila.

Lahat sila doon, siya’y nag re-check. Yung nandun sa tumawag ang papa ko sa nanay ko

na, yun, nag-usap sila. Medyo yun, nagkagulat ko, nalulungkot ko, I’m worried to my

mommy and hanggang sa, na dun na sa time na yun na madaming. Yung nanay ko na

madami kasama siya na kuan, may kasama siyang na umalis doon, nan aka-car. Taops

na, may na-ibang na puntahan nila sa Pamping na katabi lang. Hanggang sa malapit na

maggabi na malapit na- gabi na, na gumabi na, pumunta sya sa bahay naman…kasi na

dito na, tahimik dito, maganda yung environment nila, madami mga buildings, uh.. Hindi

palagi nawala ang ilaw *delighted* Samantala sa Marawi, palaging, kuan, may rido doon,

rido, yung enemies, magka-enemies.

Translation: In the first place, I’m thankful because I was in the city, because I am a player that travels a lot for tournaments. So thankfully during that time, I was in the city, just using my cellphone, using FB.

All of us were at home, I was at home, using my cellphone, then I heard gunshots. But I didn’t mind it because I thought it was just Rido. But when I noticed that the shootings prolonged and there were bombs, that’s when… I went upstairs to my parent’s room, and I asked what’s happening, then they said that they didn’t know what was happening. Only until I saw posts on Facebook that there were ISIS in public and other places in Marawi. Unfortunately, my parents, my mom, she has a job. She was there, she wasn’t at home, she was at Sarimanok. During that time, in her area, there were ISIS outside their gate, because they were inside, there were ISIS at the gates. All of them re-checked. She re-checked. That’s when my dad called my mom, then they talked (on the phone). Then yea, I was shocked, I was sad, I’m worried for my mommy and during that time there were many (people). My mom was accompanied with other people, then they left in a car. After, they went somewhere else in Pamping, that was just beside. When it was almost night time, she went back home. Here, it’s quiet here, the environment here is nice, there are many buildings, the light doesn’t always go out. While, in Marawi, there is always Rido there, many enemies.

Key Words: Thankful: within the city; Unaware: thought it was just Rido; Overwhelmed: worried for his mom; Peaceful: nice environment, no fighting; No electrical disturbances: there is light always

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subthemes (feature)

Disposition: Worried, sincere, awkward (Various hand gestures, wiping face, awkward laugh)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim

Response:

Uh, kasi nag turil ako. Uh.. I don- hindi na ako mag-aral kasi na dapat kasi napapag-aral sa Iligan kasi…hindi ako kasi hindi ako marunong mag bisaya. Almost 3 months. kasi nandito, may-ari nito na yung auntie ko. Madami akong mga tito, tita.

Kasi ma-e-enjoy kasi dito, na mdadaming mga lalaki na kasama mo, nakakapag-sturya ka sa kanila I’m planning to uh… go to Cagayan. May binili kasi yung parents ko doon na bahay na, kakonti lang. Reading Qur’an, at tsaka palagi din rito na pumunta sa mall. Its very important, kasi din na dito ako pumunta, kasi na napagisip-isp ko na nong nasa Iligan ko, hindi ako-hindi naman ako makapag-ara kasi hinid ko marunong mag Bisaya so, dito lang ako.

Hindi naman gaano, sa uh… “Hearing my parents is safe is more than enough for me.”

Translation: Uh… it’s because I’m doing Turil.

Uh… I don- I can’t study (here) because I’m supposed to be studying in Iligan because… I’m not good at speaking in Bisaya. Almost 3 months. Because here, the owner (of the house) is my auntie. I have many uncles and aunties. I can enjoy here, because there are many boys that I can talk to. I’m planning to go to Cagayan. My parents bought a small house. Reading the Qur’an, and going to the mall. It’s very important, I went here because I was thinking when I was still in Iligan- I’m not good in speaking in Bisaya, so I just stayed here. Not really… “Hearing (that) my parents (are) safe is more than enough for me.”

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Language barrier: not good in speaking Bisaya; Interaction: conversing with other boys; faith: reading Qur’an; Strolling: going to malls;

Disposition: Serious, earnest (Scratching his head, sniffling)

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3 What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas?

[Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Tomorrow sa, uh, Iligan. Ang aming sinakyan na van ng kuan, van ng asawa ng sister ko. Yung mga natitira, yung mga kotse namin.

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Yung samin ay di gaano.. Appoximately three hours- Yung mga parents ko na, almost twelve hours ata. Pagpunta naming don, madami kaming nakita sa labas na kuan, mga lumilikas din, ngunit walang mga kotse, lahat sila naka bag. Papaunta din sa Iligan. madaming check point na ako nakita. Yung samin uh… Di gaanong… kasi, thankfully may mga babies na kasama naming. So mga militar hindi gaanong malupit yung inspection. Mga matatanda na. Maliit lang ang ano, five ata kami mga lalaki. Hindi sa evacuation center, may kuan, may cousin yung papa ko doon sa Iligan. Fortunately na, sya sya lang yung tao doon sa bahay. Yung cousin ng papa ko, doon kami pinatirhan. Kasi na nung medyo nami nag tagal tagal doon, nag-iinit, dahil palagi mainit kasi maliit lang yug air-con. Kasi na, madami na I-… hindi nakuha sa bahay namin. Uh marami din mga pagsubok dito kasi na sanay- uh… hinidi mo makukuha iyong kakainin mo kasi sila na yung namimili ng pagkain. Hindi mo makukuha yung gusto mong kainin, hindi ka maka-order… Uh, at tskaka yung higaan mo, hindi gaanong komportable… most

importantly na, your parents is not in your side… Kasi my parents is my happiness.” Translation:

The next day, to uh… Iligan. I rode in the van of my sister’s husband. Our cars were left there (in Marawi). Ours wasn’t really… Approximately 3 hours, my parents, was almost 12 hours, I guess? When we were traveling there, we saw many (people) outside that were also evacuating, but they didn’t have cars, everyone was bringing bags. (They were) also going to Iligan.

I saw many checkpoints. For us, uh… It wasn’t really... thankfully we had babies with us. So the military wasn’t that strict with the inspection. There were elderly (people). There were only a few men, I guess we were only five of us.

We didn’t go to the evacuation center, because my dad has a cousin. Fortunately,

they were the only ones in the house. The cousin of my dad, that’s where we stayed. We stayed there for quite some time, we felt humid because of the small air conditioning unit. There were many things that were left in our house. Uh... There are many struggles here because I’m not used to- uh… you don’t get the food that you want, because they are the ones who buy the food.

You don’t get the food that you want to eat, you can’t order… Uh, and the bed you sleep in, it’s not that comfortable… Most importantly, your parents are not by your side… Because my parents are my happiness.

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Uncomfortable environment: small air conditioning unit, uncomfortable bed; Decision making: food is bought by others; Separation: away from family

Probing Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

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TRANSCRIPT # 9

Name: Gwen Age: F

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 18

Date: September 16, 2017 Time Started: 2:30PM to 2:58PM

Position in the Family: Eldest Child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: BEED Location: Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1

What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu? [Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

"Isang estudyante lang... normal lang tulad ng mga studyante dito nag-aaral lang kase malapit lang din kase ang school namin sa bahay... okay lang naman masaya... kasama ko yung mga kaibigan ko kumakain kami sa labas may dumating sumigaw sabi niya may Maute daw so sabi namin baka nagsisinungaling lang sila... then lumabas kami dami na talagang nagtatakbuhan... bigla kaming nakarinig ng putukan then yun tumakbo na kami naghahanap na kami ng matatagpuan... don sa market don kami nagtago tas marami kaming mga kasama don... parang nagkaka phobia narin kami na baka may Maute... hindi na kami bumalik sa bahay namin sa Marawi sa province nalang namin na medyo malayo sa Marawi... nung balibalita na pupunta din yung Maute sa province namin naisipan nalang ng tito ko yung may-ari ng bahay nato na pumunta kami dito para masigurado na yung safety... nahirapan kami kasi Marawi to Iligan one hour lang yun then dahil dun sa nangyari parang napa-ikot kami instead na one hour yung travel namin naging five to six hours... nakakita kami ng mga sundalo pinapahinto kami tinatanong kami san kami pupunta... maraming checkpoint." Translation: I was just a student... I was just normal like the students here I was studying and our school is just near our house... It was happy... I was with my friends we were eating outside then there came someone shouting saying that the Mautes are attacking and I thought that it was just a lie...then we came outside and found out that it was true all the people are running for their lives... we heard gunshots so we also run... we hide in the

market there are also many people hiding there...its like we are having phobias about the Maute group... we didn't go back home instead we went to our province which is far from Marawi...when we heard the news that the mauto group is going into our province my tito decided to bring us here for our safety... we had a hard time because traveling from Marawi to Iligan is only about an hour but because of the siege it took us five to six hours... there are a lot of checkpoints.

Key Words: Normal life, Student, happy, scared, phobia, evacuation, delayed trip, many checkpoints

Disposition: Calm, sincere ( Fixing her hijab, hand gestures)

Probing Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation? [Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim

Response:

’’Minsan sumasama ako sa mga pinsan ko na mag-aaral dito lumalabas sila... pag may training-training sumasama ako... medyo epektib naman... nung first time kong dumating dito syempre nahihiya pako... pero ngayon medyo nababawasan na yung hiya ko."

Translation: "Sometimes I go with my cousins here when they go outside... I also go to some training...its somehow effective...when I first came here I was a little bit shy...but I am starting to feel confident."

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Interaction, increased confidence

Disposition: Calm, sincere ( Fixing her hijab, hand gestures)

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TRANSCRIPT # 10

Name: Jimmy Age: M

Type of Participant: Muslim/Marawi Refugee Sex: 13

Date: September 17, 2017 Time Started: 3:35PM to 4:09PM

Position in the Family: 2nd Child Length of Stay: 3 months

Highest Education: Grade 6 Location: Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City

QUESTION 1 What did you experience during the siege before coming to Cebu?

[Unsa ang inyong panginabuhi ug mga kasinatian bag-o mo naabot diri sa Cebu?]

Verbatim Response:

“Ang mga magulang ko ay teacher sa probinsya naming. Isang estudyante sa IBN siena Integrated School Foundation. Normal lang ang buhay naming araw araw. Nag-aalaga ako ng mga kapatid ko. Hindi ko talaga en-expect yung gulo. Ahh… Noon May 23 so nag yun yung graduate naming MSU doon bago kami naka uwi sa may baryo Sabi…. 3 days nandon pa kami kung bago hindi pa kami nag vacuate, bago dumami ang pagsabog Kase akala naming bago sumabog 3 days mawawala rin yun.. Bago dumami ang pagsabog. Ah. Nasa bahay ako. Syempree natatakot kami. Parang kinakabahan baka mapasok kami ng ISIS.kagaya ng katabi naming hospital may namatay

dun binaril ng ISIS. May nakita akong maute. Natakot baka patayin kami.Yung lola ko umiyak… Pumunta kami sa Barangay Bangon.. Kumabaga nakita naming ang mga taong na naglalakad. Papunta sa ibat ibang lugar. May iba papuntang iligan, pamuntang probinsya. Mahirap nang bumalik ng marawi. Kawawa yung pamilya ko…”

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim

Response:

’’Yung ibang mga Christians di maiiwasan jinujudge kami na mga Maute din yan mga Muslim... ay masasama din yan... na hurt talaga kami... medyo mahirap hindi rin kasi ako masyadong lumalabas kasi nanonosebleed ako kasi pag nagtatagalog ka sasagutin ka nilang bisaya... nahihirapan akong mag adjust

tapos mahirap din yung maghanap nagtrabaho lalo na pagka Muslim... naninibago lang kasi malamig sa Marawi tapos pagdating ko dito akala ko di ko kakayanin ang init... ngayon di ka na masyadong makalabas kasi wala kang masyadong kaibigan dito."

Translation:

(Some Christians tend to discriminate us they judge us that they belong to the Maute group because we are Muslim... they judge us that we are bad... I was really hurt... I dont also usually go out because everytime I talk to them in tagalog their reply is in bisaya... I have a hard time and finding a job is also difficul especially if you're a muslim...the weather is also new to me because marawi is cold and when I came here I thought I couldn't adapt... now I dont go outside more often because I don't really have a lot of friends to go with me.)

Key Words: subthemes (feature)

Discrimination, communication barrier, difficulty in finding a job

Disposition: Calm, sincere (Fixing her hijab, hand gestures)

Probing

Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

125

Translation: “My parents are teachers in our province. I was a student in IBN Siena Integrated School Foundation. My daily life was normal. I took care of my siblings. I really not expect about the siege. Ahh… Last May 23, it was MSU’s graduation day before we got home to baryo Sabi… We were stuck there for 3 days before we evacuated and the bombing arises because we thought that the war will stop after 3 days. Ah… I was in the house, of course we got scared. We were so nervous that the ISIS might get in the house. I have seen like on the nearby hospital there was a dead person shot by a Maute. I saw a Maute. I am scared that they will kill us. My grandmother even cried… We evacuated to Barangay Bangon… We have seen people walking to different places. Some went to Iligan, to their provinces. It is hard to go back to Marawi. My family was pitiful. “

Key Words:

subthemes (feature)

Normal student, Nervousness, Killing, Normal life, Scared

Probing

Question/s:

How was it different after being relocated? What changes have you experienced prior to your relocation?

[Unsay kalahian pagkahuman na nimo ug balhin? Unsay mga pagbag-o ang imong nasinati pagbalhin nimo?]

QUESTION 2 What did you do to cope up with the change?

[Gi-unsa nimo pag-sugakod ang mga kabag-uhan na imong nasinati?]

Verbatim Response:

“Nakikipag usap sa mga pinsan…Nag-iinternet. Facebook,youtube. Ika-anim n autos.Lumalabas ng

bahay namamasyal sa parkmallkumakain sa kfc…naglalaro kasama mga pinsan ko.”

Translation:

I talk to my cousins…, surfing the internet. Facebook, Youtube I watch Ika-Anim na Utos. Our family

goes to Parkmall and we will eat at KFC…Playing with cousins.

Key Words:

subthemes (feature)

Internet surfing, playing with cousins, social media

Probing Question/s:

How helpful was it? What did you do to further cope with the change? [Unsa kadako ang

natabang niini kanimo? Unsay imong gibuhat para mas mulangtud an imong pagsugakod sa kabag-

uhan?]

QUESTION 3

What are the struggles have you experienced upon being in the relocation areas? [Unsay mga kalisod ang imong nasinati pagkahuman pagbalhin nimo sa mga relocation areas?]

Verbatim Response:

“Maraming kristiyano mahirap makakuha ng kaibigan dahil magkaiba ang religion. Pag-aalaga ng kapatid… Ammm kapag nag-aral kami yung pinsan namin minsan namimiss nila kami.Mahirap makipag-

usap. Mahirap intindihin yung guro. Okay lang, dahil walang gulo at okay lang ang buhay. Palagi akong

nalulungkot… walang kaibigan. Naakpektohan yung pag-aaral ko... Masikip ang bahay. Sa school, yung

iba tumatawa, di ko alam kung bakit.”

Translation:

“There’s a lot of Christians it is hard to have some friends, because we have different religion. Taking

care of my siblings… ammm if we went out to school our cousin misses us. It’s hard to talk to

someone. It is hard to understand our teacher.

I am fine here; our life is okay. I always feel sad… I don’t have friends. My studies were affected.

Our house is crowded. When I first arrive in school some were laughing… I don’t know why.”

Key Words: subthemes

(feature)

Religion Barrier(Many Christians), Dialect barrier (Difficulties in Communication), Uncomfortable environment (Crowded Home).

Disposition:

Probing Question/s:

What were some instances where you can say you have struggled? How did it affect you? What did you do to cope wuth these struggles? How effective was it? [Unsay nga panghitabo na maka-ingon ka na naa kay kalisod na nasinati? Unsay epekto niini apan kanimo? Unsay imong mga gibuhat para makasugakod sa kani na mga kalisod? Unsa siya ka epektibo?]

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G. Field Notes

127

128

129

130

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H. Coding and Screening Table

Table 1 Experiences of the Refugees during the Marawi Siege

R# No. Keywords/ Subthemes

Code Major The

mes Features

Disposi

tion 1 1 Inconvenience by Maute 1 Terrorism Blocked roads Sincere

1 2 Terrorist attacks 1 Terrorism Bombings Sincere

1 3 Painful 2 Experiential

Distress

Seeing people crying and disori

ented Serious

2 4

attacks 1 Terrorism

Extreme gunsh

ots Sincere

2 5 gunshots 1 Terrorism chaos Serious

3 6 Insufficient supply 2 Experiential Distress

No food, no water, no money

Sincere

3 7 Scared 3 Emotional Distress

Chaotic environment

Focused

3 8 Insufficient supply 2 Experiential Distress

No food, no water, no money

Sincere

4 9 Awful 3 Experiential Distress

Seeing people hurt

Serious

5 10

Fear 3 Emotional Distress

Home invasion by terrorists

Sincere

5 11 Attacks by Maute 1 Terrorism bombings Sincere

5 12 Maute in the neighborhood 1 Terrorism Home invasion Sincere

5 13 killings 2 Experiential Distress

Man shot by terrorists

Focused

5 14 Witness of violence 2 Experiential Distress

hostages Serious

5 15 traumatic sightings 2 Experiential Distress

Recruited children

Genuine

6 16 chaos 1 Terrorism bombings Sincere

6 17 Attacks by Militants 1 Terrorism

Destroyed houses

Serious

6 18 Painful 3 Emotional Distress

Killings Focused

7 19 Terroristic attacks 1 Terrorism gunshots

8 20 Overwhelmed 3 Emotional Distress

Worried for his mom

Genuine

9 21 Trauma 3 Emotional Distress

fear Sincere

9 22 Uncomfortable trip 2

Experiential Distress

Delays due to checkpoints

Serious

10 23 Nervousness 3 Emotional Distress

ISIS might get in the house.

Sincere

10 24 Killings 2 Experiential

Distress

nearby hospital there was a dead person shot b

y a Maute

Serious

10 25 Scared 3 Emotional Distress

they will kill us Serious

132

Table 2

Reasons Why Participants Relocate in Lapu-Lapu City

R# No. Keywords/Subthemes Code Major

Themes

Features Disposition

1 1 easier to settle 1 Comfortable Environment

Hard to settle in

evacuation areas

Serious

3 2 Relatives

2 Family

Relations

Relatives live here

[Lapu-lapu]

Certain

6 3 Relatives

2 Family

Relations

Thought of relatives in Lapu-lapu

Plain

7 4 Family 2 Family Relations

Be with family

Sincere

8 5 Studying 3 Education Taking up Torrel

calm

9 6 Secure house

4 Safety Uncle owns house in

Lapu-lapu

Serious

10 7 Peaceful Environment 4 Safety No danger Serious

Table 3

Struggles of Refugees in Relocation Area of Lapu-Lapu City

R# No. Keywords/Subthemes Code Major Them

es Features Disposition

1 1 Discrimination 2 Socialization Offensive jokes Serious

1 2 Culture 4 Cultural Barrier Food taboo Calm

2 3 Dialect influency 1 Communication

barrier Difficulty in find

ing a job Serious

3 4 Dialect difficulties 1 Communication

barrier Can’t speak Bis

aya well Sincere

3 5 Difficulties in communication 1 Communication

barrier can’t understand the teacher

Sincere

3 6 Financial difficulties 3 Financial proble

ms

Business were left at the Mara

wi Sincere

5 7 Responsibility 5 Personal Distre

ss washing clothe

s Delighted

5 8 limited actions 2 Socialization prohibited to g

o outside Sincere

5 9 limited medium of interaction 2 Socialization no cellphones Sincere

5 10 limited entertainment 2 Socialization cannot play ga

mes Calm

5 11 Trauma 6 Emotional Distr

ess

witnessing terroristic acts and

killings Serious

6 12 Separation 7 Physical Enviro

nment Away from som

e relatives Sincere

133

6 13 Religion 4 Cultural Barrier Few numbers of Muslim familie

s Sincere

8

14

Uncomfortable environment

7

Physical Small

air Irritated Environment

conditioning

Calm

8 15 Uncomfortable environment 7 Physical Enviro

nment Uncomfortable

bed Irritated

8 16 Decision making 5 Personal Distre

ss Food is bought

by others Bothered

8 17 Separation 7 Physical Enviro

nment Away from fam

ily melancholy

8 18 Language barrier 1 Communication

barrier Not good in spe

aking Bisaya

9 19 Religious Discrimination 4

Cultural Barrier Labels and stereotypes

Sincere

9 20 Limited interaction 2

Socialization Communication barrier

Sincere

9 21 Religion Discrimination

4 Cultural Barrier Difficulty in find

ing a job Serious

10 22 Religion Barrier 4 Cultural Barrier Many Christians

Happy

10 23 Dialect barrier 1 Communication barrier

Difficulties in Communication

Serious

10 24 Uncomfortable environment 7 Physical Environment

Crowded Home Sincere

Table 4

Coping Mechanisms of the Refugees

R# No. Keywords/Subthemes Code Major Th

emes Features Disposition

1 1 Attitude 2 Socialization

Adjustments towards people’s attitu

de

Sincere

2 2 Adjustment 2 Socialization

Necessary due to differences in lang

uage

Joy

3 3 Working hard 4 Perseverance Studying we

ll Serious

4 4 Attitude 2 Socialization

Adjustments towards people's attitu

de

Serious

4 5 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices Pray Sincere

5 6 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices pray Sincere

5 5 interaction 2 Socialization Enjoying with classmate

s Light

5 6 entertainment 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

play games with friends

Happy

6 7 Strolling 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

Going to malls

Joy

6 8 Conversation 2 Socialization Talking with

families Sincere

134

6 9 Focusing on Education 4 Perseverance

Studying harder for the welfare of th

e family

Sincere

7 10 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices Pray

Awkward

7 11 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices Study the Q

ur’an Stiff

7 12 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices Study Arabic Stiff

7 15 Interaction 2 Socialization Talking to friends and cla

ssmates Awkward

7 16 Pastime 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

Play basketball

Joy

8 17 Interaction 2 Socialization conversing with other b

oys Calm

8 18 Faith 1 Religious Pra

ctices reading Qur’

an Earnest

8 19 Strolling 3 Engagement

in Recreational Activities

Going to malls

cool

9 20 Interaction 2 Socialization Recreation with cousins

Calm

10 21 Interaction with cousin 2 Socialization

Playing and talking to co

usins

Happy

10 22 Social media 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

Facebook and YouTube

Glad

10 23 Entertainment 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

Watching Ika anim Na Utos

Happy

10 24 Going out with family 3 Engagement in Recreational Activities

Malling, eating outside

sincere

135

I. Documentation

Participants in a torrel in Pajac, Lapu-Lapu City In-depth interview with Respondent no. 4

In-depth interview with Respondent no. 3 In-depth interview with Respondent no. 10

On the way to the Muslim community in Pajac asking for referral in Kagudoy Muslim Community

The researchers of the study