Holocaust
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Transcript of Holocaust
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Holocaust1933-1945
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Life Before Hitler
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1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor
• In 1933 there was a fire in the main building of the government (Reichstag) and Hitler used this as an excuse to blame “those working against the government”
• He suspended all civil liberties and took complete control of the government (for the “protection” of Germany)
• To make sure everyone was conforming to Hitler’s new rules, new laws were passed
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Boycott of Jewish Businesses
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Burning of non-Nazi Books
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Arrests of Enemies of the State• Enemies included:
– Jews– Communists– Gypsies – Homosexuals
• This list also came to include those who would “weaken” the German race, ie. the physically and mentally handicapped
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Enforcers of Hitler’s Laws• SS Troops• Gestapo• H.J. (Hitler Youth)
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Everyday Germans also helped to support Hitler’s regime
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1935 Nuremburg Laws• Separated Aryans from
non-Aryans– Restricted lives of non-
German citizens (especially those that did not have 4 German, non-Jewish Grandparents)
– Jews forced to wear yellow stars
– Marriage was not allowed between Jews and non-Jews
– Jewish business were further boycotted and even closed
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Nuremburg Laws cont.
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1938 Kristallnacht
• Massive violence against Jews included:– Destruction of property– Murders– Beatings– Arrests
• Costs millions in damage and Jews were expected to pay for it
• Enacted to encourage Jews to leave Germany
• Many tried to, but very few were able to get out.
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1939 WWII Begins• With each
country that Hitler took over, all “non-desirables” were rounded-up and disposed of.
• Many were sent to Ghettos and later to concentration camps.
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1940 Ghettos• Ghettos built all over Germany & Eastern
Europe as temporary holding locations for Jews until extermination.
• Ghettos were usually in areas of towns w/ high concentration Jewish population.
• Those that did not already live in a Jewish community were “relocated” to the ghettos.
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Relocation
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Greek Ghetto
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Polish Ghetto (Lodz)
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Warsaw Ghetto (largest ghetto)
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Lithuania Ghetto (Kovno)
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1941• Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing
units)– Followed behind advancing
German armies liquidating “undesirables” from conquered towns (mostly Jews)
– Many of those doing the killing were not officially German military, they were “average” people being swept up by the fervor of the Nazis and turning on their neighbors.
• U.S. joins the war in the end of 1941
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1942 Wannsee Conference• German officials
decided on the “Final Solution”
• Gassing at certain concentration camps began as an efficient method of extermination
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Concentration Camps
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Gas Chambers
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Auschwitz-Birkenau 1941-44
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1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
• Jews in one of the largest Ghettos fought back against the Germans. Most died.
• The Germans were infuriated because the Jews were successful at holding them back for 1 month!
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1944 - 1945• D-Day• Soviets begin moving into Germany• Many camps are discovered and liberated• Nazis retreated from the Soviets and Allies. • They began to destroy evidence:
– Mass murder of prisoners– Death Marches = evacuation of other camps to
interior camps• End of 1945 – Germany surrenders = V-E Day!
– Full evil of the Nazis discovered
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Liberation of Camps
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Patton forced German citizens from nearby towns to walk through the camps to see what they’d allowed to happen in their country.
See next slide
General Patton
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Innocent Victims
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