Hohensinner 2013: GIS-reconstruction of river landscapes
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Transcript of Hohensinner 2013: GIS-reconstruction of river landscapes
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 1
Two steps back, one step forward: Reconstructing the dynamic Danube riverscape under human influence in Vienna Severin Hohensinner 8th Water History Conference International Water History Association Montpellier, June 25-29, 2013
Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) & Centre for Environmental History Vienna (ZUG)
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 2
Contents
Integration of historical information into the GIS reconstruction (examples from 16th century)
Using historical landmarks and data on bridges
Georeferencing historical maps and plans
Regressive-iterative reconstruction method (GIS)
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 3
Nußdorf
2010 Current situation
City
B. Lager & S. Hohensinner (2012)
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner
Austrian Science Fund Project „ENVIEDAN“, Grant No. P22265-G18
Project leader: Verena Winiwarter ZUG – Centre for Environmental History Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt
ENVIEDAN – „Envirionmental History of the Viennese Danube 1500–1890“
B. Lager & S. Hohensinner (2012)
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 5
Historical sources
Ostendorfer & Formschneider (1539): Heerschau 1532
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Main components
Fluvial forms & processes
Hydraulic constructions
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 6
Integration of historical sources into the reconstruction: Niclas Meldeman (1530) – Landmarks in 1529
City wall/towers „Schlagbrücke“
„Taborbrücke“
„Nußdorf“
?
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 7
Accreting bank
Cut banks in older
river terrace Backwater
? Cut bank
Integration of historical sources into the reconstruction: Niclas Meldeman (1530) – Fluvial structures in 1529
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 8
Short bridge
„Schlagbrücke“
„Taborbrücke“
„Nußdorf“
?
„Wolfsbrücke“ W. Schmeltzl
Distance in 1547/48:
ca. 3900 – 4000 m
Integration of historical sources into the reconstruction: C. Stainhofer & H. Mayr (1566) – Landmarks in 1563
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 9
Useful landmarks: Archaeological
findings of bridge remains
Historical descriptions: lenghts & locations of bridges
Wolfgang Schmeltzl (1548)
Distance in 1547/48: c. 3900 – 4000 m
„Schlagbrücke“
„Nußdorf“
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 10
Useful landmarks: Historical property
borders (location, dating) Administrative/
jurisdiction borders (“Burgfriedsgrenze”) Dating / location of
boundary markers
(Source: Opll et al., 1984)
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 11
Overlay map: L. Anguissola & J.J. Marinoni 1704/06
Octavio Waldegara (1577) Longitudinal section through „Untere Werd“
O. Waldegara (1577)
„Schlagbrücke“
„Taborbrücke“ 1704
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 12
Overlay map: L. Anguissola & J.J. Marinoni 1704/06
Base map: Reconstruction 1570
Octavio Waldegara (1577) Longitudinal section through „Untere Werd“
O. Waldegara (1577)
„Schlagbrücke“
„Taborbrücke“ „Augarten park“
1704
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 13
lengths of bridges: => measure for flow capacity of river channels
bridge length = bankfull width of channel = ca. 1-year flood at Danube in Vienna
Main bridges
Tabor bridge
Wolf bridge
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Using bridge lengths
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 14
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Locations of bridges
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 15
Using historical landmarks
Vienna c. 1570
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 16
Clausniez, T. (1601), Oesta/FHKA F 245
Nußdorf
Tabor arm
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Interpreting and georeferencing old maps
Historical cartographer mapped the Danube how they perceived the importance of the individual channels => not always correct in the geographical / topographical sense
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 17
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Georeferencing
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 18
Kreuzung • absolute Referenzpunkte
(langfristig stabil)
• relative Referenzpunkte (kurzfristig zw. zwei historischen Situationen)
Georeferencing historical maps
Clausniez, T. (1601), Oesta/FHKA F 245
Bridges & road in 1601
„Schwarze Lacke“
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 19
Reconstructing the dynamic riverscape Georeferencing
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 20
1. Georeferencing of scanned maps starting from the current situation => going backwards in time step by step
2. Vectorization (GIS) starting from the current situation => going backwards in time (regressive approach)
3. Revision (GIS) of vectorized younger time situations based on new information gained from the older time situations (iterative approach)
Regressive-iterative GIS-reconstruction From a point in time to a time series
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner
2010
1849
1726
Start
regressive: step by step
backwards in time
24.06.2013 21
Regressive-iterative GIS-reconstruction
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner
2010
1849
1726
Start
1632 regressive: step by step
backwards in time
iterative revision forwards in time
24.06.2013 22
Regressive-iterative GIS-reconstruction
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24.06.2013 23
Synthesis
Regressive-iterative reconstruction method enables: (1) a better evaluation of historical spatial information in respect of geographical positioning and of the content (2) a better identification of fluvial processes and human interferences
Integration of river morphological considerations enables: (1) additional conclusions on historical riverscape transformation not shown by the sources (2) conclusions on potential consequences of hydraulic measures on fluvial dynamics
Reconstruction of the historical riverscape: true-to-life reconstruction can not be achieved => „best approximation“ of a historical state of the riverscape
University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna
Department of Water, Atmosphere & Environment I Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management I Severin Hohensinner 24
Severin Hohensinner Institute of Hydrobiology & Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) & Centre for Environmental History Vienna (ZUG)
Austrian Science Fund Project „ENVIEDAN“ Project-No. P 22265-G18 Project leader: Verena Winiwarter, ZUG – Centre for Environmental History, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt
Virtual flight to Vienna around 1570 A.D.